Good day to Zhou laoshi, my name is Wong Su Ping.

Today I’m going to

present about BIM-based code checking for construction health and safety.
The outline of this paper is including introduction, methodology as well as
results and discussion. There is bim-based rule checking, the proposed
workflow, bim object validation and case study in the methodology.
Now we start with the introduction. Broadly speaking, the focus of this paper
is to translate the text of Health & Safety specification for Italian construction
sites (Legislative Decree 81/2008) into a parametric rule set in order to
define an H&S BIM-based design and verification process that can be easily
implemented by Public Clients.
As it is known that mostly the workplace injuries are happened due to unsafe
construction sites and it is a complicated issue to deal with this occurrence
during the building design and development process.

Actually, the identification of all potential hazards in a construction project is

often considered a key component of safety planning, as well as the decision
to select the appropriate safety measures.

Safety planning problems increase when safety planning is done separately

from engineering implementation planning and construction method
decisions-making; in addition, some critical problems may increase when
safety planning included different participants without a collaborative design
method.

To consider how designers, practitioners and clients can engage and

integrate with the normative context of building safety, and considering
standard practices, the current approach to building safety planning can be
summarized as follows. Firstly, traditional safety planning. Usually, it is
carried out by manual observations which causing the labour-intensive, error-
prone, and often highly inefficient. Besides that, massive use of 2 Dimension
drawings and extensive use of software that loses the connection to real site
simulation will lead to the link between safety planning and work task
execution lacks precision. Second, lack of collaborative working approach
between the building designers and H&S coordinator even though The
European Union (EU) Directive has declared the significant of raising safety
awareness at all stages of design process as well as emphasizes the
involvement of the H&S coordinator in the design phase.

For these reasons, the safety planning and design phase provides a crucial
opportunity to prevent hazards and to assess possible problems related to
future site conditions within a normative framework concerning building
safety.

2.1

Next, let us see the methodology of this paper. BIM-based rule checking is a
multi-domain validation framework according to parameterized rules, and
various concepts of BIM-based model checking exist. The most used
validation domain and the one with the best effort-benefit ratio is clash
detection. This is because it does not necessarily require information-rich
objects. Rule-based validation can be used to ensure the quality of the
information content embedded in BIM objects and to control modelling
procedures and internal consistency of BIM models. It helps to extract
reliable data for further BIM-based analyses. For example, BIM Validation.
Even so, the parametric rule checking process can also be used to verify that
the design solution meets the requirements of codes and regulations, for
example BIM-based Code Checking. The method is comparing the
parameters - geometrical and alphanumerical - embedded within the BIM
model against normative requirements translated into parametric rule-sets.

There are several Model Checking tools, one of it is Solibri Model Checker. It
can be used for more advanced application of Rule Checking and allowing
the user to customize sets of parametric rules as well as quantity and
information take-off definitions. Such tools usually check and validate the
application rules of the IFC data schema representing the design solution.
This is one of the reasons why data interoperability between BIM authoring
platforms and BIM tools is still a major issue.

Rule-based validation can be used to ensure the quality of the information

content embedded in BIM objects and to control modelling procedures and
internal consistency of BIM models for extracting reliable data for further
BIM-based analysis such as BIM validation.

2.2

Next, I am going to discuss about the proposed workflow one by one. This
research paper shows the first results of the digitization of the Italian H&S
normative text for construction sites which mainly focused on BIM Validation
and Code Checking and the creation of a BIM library for the design of site
safety plans.

The RASE that represented by (Requirements, Applicability, Selection and

Exception) methodology was applied for the semantic interpretation of the
normative text and the rule-based code checking process was used as a
basis for structuring the workflow proposed in this paper and following
detailed can be seen in Figure 1. The rule-based code checking process
including Rule interpretation, Building model preparation, Rule execution and
Rule reporting.

Step 1. Convert the prescriptive requirements of the normative text into

computable language using semantic markup methods; this step is necessary
for a clear understanding of the object to be validated and the relationships
between objects, related requirements, and information content.

step 2. Based on rule interpretation, the informative - geometric and

alphanumeric - content required by the Legislative Decree 81/2008 for
objects to be used in construction safety plans has been structured into
Object Tables, meant as guidelines for the design phase.
step 3. These tables represent the starting point for creating a BIM library for
construction site safety plans (using Autodesk Revit's Family Editor); each
object contains information about the geometry and necessary level of detail,
geometric relationships, name attributes, domain-specific attributes, and
instance-specific attributes. To set up automatic matching rules in the rules-
based model inspection tool, a review category parameter is added to each
BIM object.

step 4. A parameterized ruleset (using Solibri Model Checker's Ruleset

Manager) was created along with the BIM library. The customized ruleset was
designed to validate (1) the information content of the BIM objects used in
the site safety plan against the provided object table (i.e., BIM object
validation) and (2) the relationship between two elements of the construction
safety plan.

step 5. The rule execution phase is planned to validate:

~ how BIM objects have been modelled according to the level of detail
required by the normative text (and specified in the object tables);

~ the informative content of BIM objects against requirements specified in the

object tables:

- if a required attribute is embedded within a BIM object

- if the required attribute is filled out
- if the value of the required attribute is correct;

~ the relationships between objects within a construction safety plan (e.g.

distance between a wall and a scaffolding).

So, this is figure 1 that I mentioned just now, for more understanding about
the proposed workflow, you can refer this figure by following the steps that I
describe just now.

2.3

The following is an example of BIM object validation. Basically, it is related to

the interpretation of Legislative Decree 81/2008 Part IV, Chapter 2, Section 5
Scaffolding. 134.1 document on the required scaffolding files that showed in
(Tables 1, table2) and (Figure 2). During the rule execution phase, check
whether the BIM object scaffold contains the required set of attributes and
related properties. It is also necessary to check that the properties have (or
do not have) a value and whether the type of the value is acceptable or not.
In this case, the parametric rule was used to check that the required
documentation had been attached to the BIM object Scaffolding. Checking
results highlighted that the object contained all the necessary properties, but
only one of them had a value and it was acceptable. Other properties
intentionally did not have a value, and an issue to be resolved was detected.
This table shows the Example Legislative Decree 81/2008 Section V
Scaffoldings Art. 134.1 Documentation. As we can see there are 4 operators
for rule development. The RASE was categorized into 4 colours which are
blue represented to Requirement, Green represented to Applies, Red
represented to Select and Orange represented to Exception. At the right side
shows that the rule source and rule decription.

Figure 2 shows that the Legislative Decree 81/2008 Title IV Chapter II

Section V Scaffoldings Art. 134.1 Documentation. Based on the tables and
figure above we can know that the rule checks that the BIM object contains
required property sets and properties. It can also check that the properties
have (or do not have) a value and the type of the value is acceptable.

2.4

At the same time, the list of objects of the site safety plan and their
respective object tables were created by analyzing the normative text (step 2
of the method). As shown in Figure 4, the object tables have been translated
into BIM objects that constitute the BIM library.BIM objects, such as ramps,
temporary guardrails, cranes, signage, cabins, site areas, fixed scaffolds,
mobile scaffolds, vehicles, and waste water pipes, have been modeled by
using Autodesk Revit's family editor (step 3 of the method). In order to set up
automatic matching rules in the rule-based model inspection tool, a review
category parameter was added to the BIM objects (step 3 of the
methodology), and filter colors were used to differentiate the object
categories as depicted in the layout model (Figure 3).

Two different temporary layouts of the site safety plan have been created to
validate the proposed methodology. (1)excavation and foundations; (2)
effective building construction. For validation purposes, the authors
intentionally do not refer to real case studies.

1. assess how the validation process works

2. whether it works from a logical and computational point of view.

These temporary layouts contain errors that should be subsequently checked

in the rule-based model checking tool (Solibri Model Checker).

Some explanatory Opens Issue which have been checked during the rule
execution phase are shown on the right side of the Figure 4, on the middle
the main important Rule Parameters to be checked and on the left side the
identification of the Design Flaws.