PHYSICS

CLASS XII

TERM I

CHAPTER – 3 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. Consider a current carrying wire current I in the shape of a circle. Note that as the current
progresses along the wire, the direction of j (current density) changes in an exact manner, while
die current/remain unaffected. The agent that is essentially responsible for is
(a) source of emf.
(b) electric field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire.
(c) the charges just behind a given segment of wire which push them just the right way by
repulsion.
(d) the charges ahead.
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) Current density j changes due to electric field produced by charges accumulated on the
surface of wire.

2. Two batteries of ε1 and ε2 (ε2 > ε1) and internal resistance r1 and r2 respectively are connected in
parallel as shown in figure.

(a ) The equivalent emf εeq of the two cells is between ε1 and ε2 i.e. ε1 < εeq < ε2.
(b) The equivalent emf εeq is smaller than ε1.
(c) The eeq is given by εeq= ε1 + ε2 always.
(d) zeq is independent of internal resistances r1 and r2.

Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) The equivalent emf of this combination is given by
3. A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge. Student chooses the standard resistance
S to be 100 Ω He finds the null point at l1 = 2.9 cm. He is told to attempt to improve the accuracy.
Which of the following is a useful way?
(a) He should measure l1 more accurately.
(b) He should change S to 1000 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(c) He should change S to 3 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(d) He should give up hope of a more accurate measurement with a meter bridge.

Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) The bridge is said to be balanced if the ratio of the resistances in same branch is equal

Since here, R : S = 2.9 : 97.1, then the value of S is nearly 33 times to that of R. In order to
make this ratio 1 : 1, it is necessary to reduce the value of S nearly 133 times i.e., nearly 3 Ω.

4. Two cells of emf’s approximately 5 V and 10 V are to be accurately compared using a

potentiometer of length 400 cm.
(a) The battery that runs the potentiometer should have voltage of 8 V.
(b) The battery of potentiometer can have a voltage of 15 V and R adjusted so that the potential
drop across the wire slightly exceeds 10 V.
(c) The first portion of 50 cm of wire itself should have a potential drop of 10 V.
(d) Potentiometer is usually used for comparing resistances and not voltages.

Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) The potential drop along the wires of potentiometer should be greater than emfs of cells.
Here, values of emfs of two cells are given as 5 V and 10 V, therefore, the potential drop
along the potentiometer wire must be more than 10 V.

5.Consider a simple circuit shown in figure stands for a variable resistance R’. R’ can vary from
R0 to infinity, r is internal resistance of the battery (r << R << R0).

(a) Potential drop across AB is not constant as R0 is varied.

(b Current through R0 is nearly a constant as R0 is varied.
(c) Current I depends sensitively on R0.
(d) I ≥ V / r+R always.

Answer: d
Explanation:
(d) In parallel grouping of resistance, same potential difference appeared across each
resistance but current distributed in reverse ratio of their resistance,
 i.e i ∝ 1/R
 P.d across AB and r = v, equivalent resistance of parallel combination R’ < R,
therefore current ,I ≤ V / R+r
6. In a meter bridge, the point D is a neutral point (figure).

(a) The meter bridge can have other neutral point for this set of resistances.
(b) When the jockey contacts a point on meter wire left of D, current flows to B from the wire.
(c) When the jockey contacts a point on the meter wire to the right of D, current flows from B to
the wire through galvanometer.
(d) When R is increased, the neutral point shifts to left.
Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) If in balanced position of bridge AB = l,

When there is no deflection in galvanometer there is no current across the galvanometer,

then points B and D are at same potential. That point at which galvanometer shows no
deflection is called null point, When the jockey contacts a point on the meter wire to the
right of D, the potential drop across AD is more than potential drop across AB, which brings
the potential of point D less than that of B, hence current flows from B to D in the
galvanometer wire.

7. Which of the following is wrong? Resistivity of a conductor is

(a) independent of temperature.
(b) inversely proportional to temperature.
(c) independent of dimensions of conductor.
(d) less than resistivity of a semiconductor.
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Resistivity is property of material and inversely proportional to temperature for
conductor, ρ=m /ne2τ.

8. Drift velocity vd varies with the intensity of electric field as per the relation
(a) vd ∝ E (b) vd ∝ 1 / E (c) vd = constant (d) vd ∝ E²
Answer: a
Explaination:
(a) Drift velocity vd = (Ee / m)τ, i.e. vd ∝ E
9. For measurement of potential difference, a potentiometer is preferred over voltmeter because
(a) potentiometer is more sensitive than voltmeter.
(b) the resistance of potentiometer is less than voltmeter.
(c) potentiometer is cheaper than voltmeter.
(d) potentiometer does not take current from the circuit.
Answer:(d)
Explanation: (d) Potentiometer works on null deflection method.

10. For a cell, the graph between the potential difference (V) across the terminals of the cell and
the current (I) drawn from the cell is shown in the figure.

The e.m.f. and the internal resistance of the cell are

(a) 2V, 0.5 Ω (b) 2V, 0.4 Ω (c) > 2V, 0.5 Ω (d) >
2V, 0.4 Ω
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) E.m.f. is the value of voltage, when no current is drawn from the circuit so E= 2 V.
Also r = slope = 2/5 = 0.4 Ω

11. A Daniel cell is balanced on 125 cm length of a potentiometer wire. Now the cell is short-
circuited by a resistance 2 ohm and the balance is obtained at 100 cm. The internal resistance of
the Daniel cell is
(a) 0.5 ohm (b) 1.5 ohm (c) 1.25 ohm (d) 4/5 ohm

Answer:
Explanation: a

12. When there is an electric current through a conducting wire along its length, then an electric
field must exist
(a) outside the wire but normal to it. (b) outside the wire but parallel to it.
(c) inside the wire but parallel to it. (d) inside the wire but normal to it.

Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) Electric field parallel to wire inside creates potential difference and electrostatic force on
electrons.

13. Three resistors each of 2 ohm are connected together in a triangular shape. The resistance
between any two vertices will be

(a) 4/3 ohm (b) 3/4 ohm (c) 3 ohm (d) 6 ohm
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Equivalent resistance of the combination

14. From the graph between current I and voltage V shown below, identify the portion
corresponding to negative resistance

(a) AB (b) BC (c) CD

(d) DE

Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) For portion CD slope of the curve is negative i.e. resistance be negative.

15. A battery consists of a variable number V of identical cells having internal resistances
connected in series. The terminals of battery are short circuited and the current i is measured.
Which of the graph below shows the relationship between i and n?

Answer: d
Explanation: (d) I = (nE / nr)= E / r. current is independent of n.

16. A charge is moving across a junction, then

(a) momentum will be conserved.
(b) momentum will not be conserved.
(c) at some places momentary will be conserved and at some other places momentum will not be
conserved.
(d) none of these.
Answer: d
Explanation:
When motion of charge is taking place across a junction, then momentum of charge is
not conserved. Because when a charge (i.e., electron) approaches a junction, in addition to a
uniform electric field E that it normally faces (which keeps the drift velocity vd (fixed). there
are accumulation of charges on the surface of wires at the junction which also produces electric
field, resulting the variation in the direction of momentum of charge.

17. Which of the following I-V graph represents ohmic conductors?

Answer: a
Explanation:
 Potential difference V is proportional to the current I, the graph between V and
I is a straight line for a conductor. Ohm’s law holds good only when a steady current flows
through a conductor.

18. The I-V characteristics shown in figure represents

(a) ohmic conductors (b) non-ohmic conductors (c) insulators (d)

superconductors Answer: b
Explanation
According to ohm's law, I=V/R/. . . . . .(1)
The electric current is proportional to the voltage. I∝V
It gives linear relationship. The graph between the electric current and voltage is
straight line passing through the origin.
The I−V characteristics shown in the figure is Non- ohmic conductor.
19. Which of the following is correct for V-I graph of a good conductor?

Answer: a
Explanation:
For a good conductor, the graph between voltage and current does not obey
exactly ohms law, it shows some deviation from straight line.

20. The resistivity of alloy manganin is

(a) Nearly independent of temperature (b) Increases rapidly with increase in temperature
(c) Decreases with increase in temperature (d) Increases rapidly with decrease in temperature
Answer: a
Explanation
In alloys, the atoms are in disorder so alloys have big resistivity. Their
additional disorder due to temperature increases becomes insignificant. So, the resistivity of
alloys has no temperature dependence. Hence, the resistivity of alloy manganin is nearly
independent of temperature.

21. An electric heater is connected to the voltage supply. After few seconds, current gets its steady
value then its initial current will be
(a) equal to its steady current (b) slightly higher than its steady current
(c) slightly less than its steady current (d) zero
Answer: b

22. In the series combination of two or more than two resistances

(a) the current through each resistance is same. (b) the voltage through each resistance is
same.
(c) neither current nor voltage through each re-sistance is same.
(d) both current and voltage through each resis¬tance are same.
Answer: a

23. Combine three resistors 5 Ω, 4.5 Ω and 3 Ω in such a way that the total resistance of this
combination is maximum
(a) 12.5 Ω (b) 13.5 Ω (c) 14.5 Ω (d) 16.5 Ω
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given resistance, R1=5Ω R2=4.5Ω R1=3Ω
In series combination effective resistance will be maximum.ie, Req=R1+R2+R3

Req=5Ω+4.5Ω+3Ω=12.5Ω

24. A cell having an emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable external
resistance R. As the resistance R is increased, the plot of potential difference V across R is given
by

Answer: b
Explanation
Apply KVL in loop, ε−iR−ir=0⇒
i= ε ?? / R+r
VacrossR=iR 
⇒  V= εR / ( R+r))= ε /{R+(1/r)}      
Therefore, At R=0, then V=0 And R→∞ then V→ε

25. In parallel combination of n cells, we obtain

(a) more voltage
(b) more current
(c) less voltage
(d) less current
Answer: b

26. If n cells each of emf e and internal resistance r are connected in parallel, then the total emf
and internal resistance will be

Answer: a
Explanation
1/r net =(1/r1 )+(1/r2 )
1/r net =n / r
r net = r / n
emf=ϵ
Answer ϵ, r / n

27. In a Wheatstone bridge if the battery and galvanometer are interchanged then the deflection in
galvanometer will
(a) change in previous direction (b) not change
(c) change in opposite direction (d) none of these.
Answer: b
Explanation:
The positions of the battery and galvanometer are interchanged, which makes
no difference in the voltage difference as the values of resistances and battery remain the
same. So the new deflection of galvanometer will be zero.

28. When a metal conductor connected to left gap of a meter bridge is heated, the balancing point
(a) shifts towards right (b) shifts towards left (c) remains unchanged (d) remains at zero
Answer: a
Explanation
When resistor is heated its resistance increases hence the balancing point will shift
towards right.

29. In a potentiometer of 10 wires, the balance point is obtained on the 7th wire. To shift the
balance point to 9th wire, we should
(a) decrease resistance in the main circuit. (b) increase resistance in the main
circuit.
(c) decrease resistance in series with the cell whose emf is to be measured.
(d) increase resistance in series with the cell whose emf is to be determined.
Answer: b
Explanation
In order to shift the balance point to the 9th wire , the potential gradient of
the wire should be decreased so that the balance point shifts further. This can happen when the
current in the main circuit is decreased.
The current in the circuit can be decreased by increasing the resistance of
the main circuit.
Therefore, option B is correct.

30. AB is a wire of potentiometer with the increase in the value of resistance R, the shift in the
balance point J will be

(a) towards B (b) towards A

(c) remains constant (d) first towards B then back
towards A. Answer: a
Explanation
As the resistance of the wire will increase, it will lead to the decrease in the
current in the wire. Since the current decreases, the potential gradient of the wire will also
decrease and due to this, the length of the balancing point will also increase.
Therefore, the point J will shift towards the point B.

31. There are n similar conductors each of resistance R. The resultant resistance comes out to be x
when connected in parallel. If they are connected in series, the resistance comes out to be
________ .
(a) nx
(b)n2x
(c) n/x
(d)x/n
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
n²x
In parallel, x = R / n or R = nx n
In series, R + R + R …. n times = nR = n(nx) = n²x

32. In the circuit shown, potential difference between X and Y is ________ and across 40 Ω is
________ .

(a)40V ,120V (b)80V ,120V (c)120V,80V

(d) 40V,80V Answer:(c)
Explanation:
From given, we have,A circuit diagram.
In an open circuit, the potential difference between X and Y will be the same as
that of the emf of the cell.
V{X, Y} = EMF of the cell.
Therefore, the potential difference between X and Y is 120 V.
The potential difference across 40 Ω is calculated as follows:
V{40} = [V × R{40}] / [R{40} + R{20}]
V{40} = (120 × 40) / (40 + 20) = 4800/60 = 80 V.
Therefore, the potential difference across 40 Ω is
80 V. In the circuit shown, the potential difference between X and
Y is 120 V and across 40 Ω is 80 V.

33. The figure below shows currents in a part of electric circuit. The current i is ________ .

(a) 1.7 A (b) 3.7 A (c) 1.3 A (d) 1 A

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
According to Kirchhoff's first law
 At junction A, iAB=2+2=4 A
At junction B, iAB=iBC−1=3 A
At junction C,i=iBC−1.3=3−1.3=1.7 A

34.A copper wire is stretched so as to change its length by 0.1%, the percentage increase in its
resistance will be _______ .

(a) 1% (b) 0.1% (c) 0.2% (d) 1.2%

Answer: (c)
Explanation:

35. The current in the given circuit will be ________ .

(a) 1/10 A (b) 1/30A (c) 1/2 A (d) 2/30 A

Answer: (a)
Explanation:

 36.A cell of emf E is connected with an external resistance R, then p.d. across cell is V. The
internal resistance of cell will be ________ .
(a)(E-V) R/V (b)(E-V)R / E (c)(V-E)R/E (d) (V-
E)R / V Answer: (a)
Explanation:
37.The figure shows a network of current and the magnitude of current. The current I will be
______

(a) 5A (b)-5A (c)15A (d)-15A

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Kirchhoff’s junction rule states that any junction (node) is an electrical circuit,
the sum of the currents flowing into that junction is equal to the sum of the currents
flowing out of that junction.
Iin = Iout
So,iin =15+3=18A
And iout=i+3
So,18 =i+3
I=15A

38. When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that all the free
electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction?
(a) yes (b)no
Answer: (b)
Explanation :No, As the collision is a random process, the electrons cannot get deflected in
the same direction

39. A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-section. Which of the following
quantities is constant along the conductor?
(a) Drift velocity (b) Current (c)Current density (d)None of these

Answer : (b)
Explanation:
When a study current flows through a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-
section, then drift velocity
Vd=I/ enA or Vd ∞1/A
E=I / σA or  E ∞ 1 / A
Both Vd and E change with A,only current I remains constant
40.Plot a graph showing the variation of resistance of a conducting wire as a function of its radius,
keeping the length of the wire and its temperature as constant.
(a)R α 1/r2 (b) R = 1/r2 (c) R α r2 (d) V α 1/r2
Answer: (a)
Explaination:

41.V-I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2 is as shown in the figure.
Which of the two temperatures is higher and why?

(a) T1=T2 (b) T1<T2 (c) T1>T2 (d) T1/T2

Answer: b
Explanation
The slope of the given graph gives us the inverse of resistance. Resistance of a material
increases with increasing the temperature. Because the collision between the molecules
increases.
In the graph given, T2 has smaller slope and hence corresponds to higher resistance.
Therefore, T2>T1
or, R=IV
if V is a constant value, and I1>I2, then R1<R2
But R∝T, hence T1<T2

42. When n resistors of equal resistances (R) are connected in series, the effective resistance is (a)
n/R (b) R/n (c) 1/nR (d) nR
Answer (d)
Explanation:
When ‘n’ resistors of equal resistance are connected in Series,
Equivalent resistance Req,S=R+R+R+…….+R(n times)
Req,S= nR
43. When ′n′ resistors of equal resistance (R) are connected in series and in parallel respectively,
then the ratio of their effective resistance is:
(a) n :1 (b) n2 :1 (c) 1: n2 (d) 1: n
Answer (b) n :12

Explanation
  When 'n' resistors of equal resistance are connected in 
a) Series, equivalent resistance Req,s=R+R+R.......+R (n times) 
⇒Req,s=nR 
b) Parallel, equivalent resistance  1/ Req,p =1/R+1/R+.....1/R (n times)
⇒1/Req,p=n/R
 Now, Req,p / s Req,s= nR×n/R=n 2

 Therefore, required ratio is n2 : 1

44. According to Faraday’s law of electrolysis, when a current is passed, the mass of ions
deposited at the cathode is independent of
(a) current (b) charge (c) time (d) resistance
Answer : (d)

45. The mass of the substance deposited at the cathode is

(A) Inversely proportional to quantity of electricity passed through electrolyte.
(B) Directly proportional to quantity of electricity passed through electrolyte.
(C) Directly proportional to the time for which electricity is passed through the electrolyte.
(D) Inversely proportional to the time for which electricity is passed through the electrolyte.

(a)A and B are true (b) B and D are true (c)B and C are true (d) A and D are true
Answer : ( c)
Explanation
From Faraday's first law electrolysis,w=Zit
 According to Faraday's First law of electrolysis, the mass of a substance deposited at the
cathode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed and the time for
which it is passed through the electrolyte. 
 So, statements B and C are true.

46. If the resistance of a coil is 2 Ω at 0oc and α = 0.004 /oC, then its resistance at 100o C is
(a) 1.4 Ω (b) 0 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 2.8 Ω
Answer :(d)
Explanation :
Relation between resistance and temperature is given by
R = R₀[1 + α × (T - T₀) ]
Here R is the resistance at temperature T
R₀ is the temperature at temperature T₀
α is the constant
Here, R₀ = 2Ω , T = 100°C , T₀ = 0°C and α = 0.004 /°C
Now, R = 2[1 + 0.004 × (100 -0)]
= 2 [1 + 0.004 × 100]
= 2 [1 + 0.4]
= 2 × 1.4
= 2.8 Ω
63. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor?
(a) Drift velocity alone (b) Thermal velocity alone
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity (d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity
Answer: a
Explanation:
The current in a conductor, I=neAVd
where, n= no. of free charge density
A= cross-sectional area of conductor
Vd= Drift velocity
From the above, Drift velocity is only responsible for the current in a conductor.

64. Which of the following determines the direction of magnetic field due to a current carrying
conductor?
(a)Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (b)Fleming’s left hand rule
(c)Lenz’s law (d)Maxwell’s cork screw
rule Answer: d
Explanation:
Magnetic Field due to a Current-Carrying Conductor: 
 The direction of the magnetic field produced at a point due to a current-carrying
conductor is given by any one of the following rules: 
 Amperes swimming rule: Imagine a man swimming along the current-carrying
conductor in the direction of the current.
 The north pole of the magnetic needle kept underneath the wire will be deflected towards
the left hand of the man. 
 Fleming's Right hand rule: Hold a current-carrying conductor in your right hand with
thumb in the direction of the current, the direction of the field lines will be the direction
of your fingers. 
  Maxwell’s Cork Screw rule: Imagine a right handed cork screw with its axis coincident
with the current carrying wire. Now rotate the screw to advance it in the direction of the
current, the direction in which the thumb rotates gives the direction of the magnetic field
lines.

65. A potentiometer wire of length 200 cm has a resistance 10Ω. It is connected in series with an
external resistance and a cell of emf 4V and of negligible internal resistance. A source of emf 10 mV is
balanced by a length of 6 cm of the potentiometer wire. The value of external resistance
(a)540Ω (b)111 Ω (c)990 Ω (d)1190 Ω
Answer: b
Explanation:
66. In a large building, there are 15 bulbs of 40 W, 5 bulbs of 100 W, 5 fans of 80 W and 1 heater
of 1 kW. The voltage of electric mains is 220 V. The minimum capacity of the main fuse of the
building will be:
(a) 8 A (b) 10 A (c) 12 A (d) 14 A
Answer:c

Explanation:

Item     No.Power
40 W bulb 15 600 Watt
100 W bulb 5 500 Watt
80 W fan 5 400 Watt
1000 W heater1 1000 Watt
Total Wattage = 2500 Watt
So current capacity i=P/V=2500/220=125/11=11.36≅12A.

67. Choose the correct option

Assertion : When current through a bulb decreases by 0.5%, the glow of bulb decreases by 1%.
Reason : Glow (Power) which is directly proportional to square of current
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer:a

68. A constant voltage is applied between the two ends of a uniform metallic wire. Some heat is
developed in it. The heat developed is doubled if
(a) both the length and the radius of the wire are halved.
(b) both the length and the radius of the wire are doubled.
(c) the radius of the wire is doubled.
(d) the length of the wire is doubled.
Answer:b
Explanation:
Heat developed, H=(V2/R)t
heat developed will be doubled when R is halved Further, R=pl /(πr2)
H=(V2πr2 t) /pℓ. So heat produced will be doubled when both the length and radius of the wire
are doubled.

69. A potentiometer wire is 100 cm long and a constant potential difference is maintained across
it. Two cells are connected in series first to support one another and then in opposite direction.
The balance points are obtained at 50 cm and 10 cm from the positive end of the wire in the two
cases. The ratio of emf's is :
(a) 5 : 1 (b) 5 : 4 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 3 : 2
Answer:d
Explanation:
If the emf’s of the two cells are taken as E1 and E2 respectively.
So, ( E1+E2) /( E1−E2)= 50 / 10
or,  2E1/2E2=(50+10)/( 50−10)
or,  E1/ E2=3:2

70. Choose the correct option

Assertion : Bending a wire does not effect electrical resistance.
Reason : Resistance of wire is proportional to resistivity of material.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion. (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer:a

71. In a current carrying conductor the net charge is

(a) 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb (b) 6.25 x 10-19 coulomb (c) zero (d)
infinite
Answer:c

72. The current which is assumed to be flowing in a circuit from positive terminal to negative, is
called
(a) direct current (b) pulsating current (c) conventional current (d) alternating
current
Answer :c

73. When no current is passed through a conductor,

(a) the free electrons do not move
(b) the average speed of a free electron over a large period of time is not zero
(c) the average velocity of a free electron over a large period of time is zero
(d) the average of the velocities of all the free electrons at an instant is non zero
Answer : c & d
Explanation:

 When no current pass through the conductor i.e. when there is no electric field is applied
to the conductor, each electron moves along a straight path at constant speeds and collide
with the lattice ions(positive).
 With each collision the direction of electrons is changing randomly. The resulting path of
any electron over along period of time, covering many collisions is a random sequence of
straight segments.
 Due to this, the average number of electrons crossing any small area is nearly equal(in
any direction).
 Thus the average displacement of electrons along any direction during any long period of
time is also zero.
 Hence, the average velocity component in any direction is zero.

74. A current passes through a wire of non-uniform cross-section. Which of the following
quantities are independent of the cross-section?
(a) The charge crossing (b) Drift velocity (c) Current density (d) Free-electron
density
Answer :a & d
Explanation:
  By conservation of charge and continuity equation, the current is same throughout a
wire. Because current is defined as the charge crossing in a given time interval, option A
is correct.
 By definition,  I=nqvd , where, vd, is the drift velocity. It varies with cross section. So, B is
incorrect.
 Due to non uniformity of cross section, the current density, defined as Current
density =Current / Area varies. So C is incorrect.
 The charge carrier density or free electron density is a property of material and
temperature only. It does not depend upon cross section. So, D is correct.

75. In the equation AB = C, A is the current density, C is the electric field, Then B is
(a) resistivity (b) conductivity (c) potential difference (d) resistance
Answer :a
Explanation:
We know that J=σE    where J=current density, σ= conductivity and E= electric field.
also, resistivity ρ=1/σ  J/σ=E or  Jρ=E Therefore , B=ρ

76. Drift velocity of electrons is due to

(a) Very small (b) Very large (c) Equal to velocity of light (d) Varies with the
conductor
Answer: a
Explanation:
Very small because lb magnitude lies between 10−4  to  10−6.

77. The speed at which the current travels, in conductor, is nearly equal to
(a) 3 × 104 m/s (b) 3 × 105 m/s (c) 4 × 106 m/s (d) 3 × 108 m/s
Answer:d
Explanation:
The speed at which current travels through the conductor means the speed of electric
effect travelling through a conductor which is at the speed of light.

78. In the absence of an electric field, the mean velocity of free electrons in a conductor at
absolute temperature(T) is
(a) zero (b) independent of T (c) proportional to T (d) proportional to T2
Answer:a
Explanation:
In the absence of electric field, the electron moves in zig-zag direction . So net
displacement is zero, hence mean velocity of free electrons in a conductor at absolute
temperature is zero

79. When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor at a temperature T, the drift
velocity of electrons is proportional to
(a)√ V (b) V (c) √T (d) T
Answer: b
Explanation:
We know that Drift velocity vd=(eE/m)τ=(e/m)τ(V/I) (∵E=V/I)
so for a particular conductor of a particular length the drift velocity will directly depend
upon voltage.
Hence vd∝V. option B is correct.

80.The current density (number of free electrons per m3 ) in metallic conductor is of the order of
(a) 1022 (b) 1024 (c) 1026 (d) 1028
Answer:d
Explanation:
The current density (number of free electrons per m3) in metallic conductor is of
the order of 1028

81. A current passes through a resistor. If K1 and K2 represent the average kinetic energy of the
conduction electrons and the metal ions respectively then
(a) K < K (b) K = K (c) K > K (d) any of these three may occur
Answer: c
Explanation:
Considering law of conservation of momentum ,electrons possess drift velocity
which is greater than velocity of ions.  
Thus K1>K2. hence correct option is option C.

83. A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference. When the temperature of the metal
wire increases, the drift velocity of the electron in it
(a) increases, thermal velocity of the electron increases
(b) decreases, thermal velocity of the electron increases
(c) increases, thermal velocity of the electron decreases
(d) decreases, thermal velocity of the electron decreases
Answer: a
Explanation:
As the temperatures increases ,the KE of electron increases ,so the thermal velocity
will increase .
Due to increase in number of collision the drift velocity will decrease . 

84. The electric field intensity E, current density J and specific resistance k are related to each
other through the relation
(a) E = J/k (b) E = J k (c) E = k/J (d) k = J E
Answer: b
Explanation:
We know that  J=I/A and E=I/ (σA)
E=J/σ=ρJ=kJ.

85. The relaxation time in conductors

(a) increases with the increases of temperature (b) decreases with the increases of
temperature
(c) it does not depends on temperature (d) all of sudden changes at 400 K
Answer:b
Explanation:
Because are temperature increases, the resistivity increases and hence the
relaxation time decreases for conductors (τ∝1/ρ) 

86. We are able to obtain fairly large currents in a conductor because

(a) the electron drift speed is usually very large
(b) the number density of free electrons is very high and this can compensate for the low values of
the electron
drift speed and the very small magnitude of the electron charge
(c) the number density of free electrons as well as the electron drift speeds are very large and these
compensate for
the very small magnitude of the electron charge
(d) the very small magnitude of the electron charge has to be divided by the still smaller product
of the number
density and drift speed to get the electric current
Answer:b
Explanation:
We are able to obtain fairly currents in a conductor because the number
density of free electrons is very high and this can compensate for the low values of the electrons
drift speed and the very small magnitude of the electrons charge.

87. In conductor when electrons move between two collisions, their paths are ... A... when
external fields are absent and ... B...when external filed is present. Here, A and B refer to
(a) straight lines, straight lines (b) straight lines, curved lines
(c) curved lines, straight lines (d) curved lines, curved lines
Answer:a

88. Potentiometer measures potential more accurately because

(a) it measures potential in open circuit (b) it uses sensitive galvanometer for null
deflection
(c) it uses high resistance potentiometer wire(d) it measures potential in closed circuit
Answer:a
Explanation:
A potentiometer has very large resistance. To read load voltage or voltage across
any circuit element, potentiometer is connected parallel across it. Thus, the load voltage or
circuit voltage gets applied across the potentiometer but as the resistance is very high compared
to load resistance, you can safely assume their is almost no current flowing through
potentiometer. As power=VI, the power loss in potentiometer is almost equal to zero as current
through it remains zero.
Therefore it measures the potential in the open circuit.
89. The unit of specific resistance is
(a) Ωm-1 (b) Ω-1m-1 (c) Ω m (d) Ω
Answer: c

90. The example of non-ohmic resistance is

(a) diode (b) copper wire (c) filament lamp (d) carbon resistor
Answer: a &c
Explanation: Thus, V 
(vs) I curve is not a straight line. hence, the diode is non-ohmic. copper wire, filament lamp and
carbon resistor are all ohmic resistances. Hence correct option is (a) and (c)

91. Constantan wire is used for making standard resistance, because it has
(a) high melting point (b) low specific resistance
(c) high specific resistance (d) negligible temperature coefficient of resistance
Answer: d
Explanation:
Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy. Its main feature is its resistivity, which
is constant over a wide range of temperatures. Thus it has low temperature coefficient of
resistance, that's why it is used for making of standard resistances . Hence correct option is
option (d)

92. At temperature 0K, the germanium behaves as a / an

(a) conductor (b) insulator (c) super-conductor (d) ferromagnetic
Answer:b
Explanation:
0 K is a absolute zero, the electrons of the semi conductors are trapped and are
immovable from their electron shell as they are in a low energy state. This makes the pure
semiconductor an insulator. one must heat the semiconductor to give the enough energy to
electrons to get free and to conduct electricity. So we can say At 0K, there is no free charge
carries in the germanium and hence it behaves as an insulator.

93. Which of the following is used for the formation of thermistor?

(a) Copper oxide (b) Nickel oxide (c) Iron oxide (d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation:
The thermistor is made from a fine powder version of the material that is
compressed and sintered at high temperature. The most common materials to be used for these
thermistors are Manganese oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide and ferric oxide.

94. What is the suitable material for electric fuse?

(a) Cu (b) Constantan (c) Tin-lead alloy (d) Nichrome
Answer:c
95. What is immaterial for an electric fuse?
(a)Its length (b)Its radius (c)Its specific resistance (d)Current flowing through
it Answer:a
Explanation:
Its length is immaterial for an electric fuse fuse is used to avoid danger due to high
current if high current is passed through the fuse it burns and disconnect the power supply the
thickness of fuse determines how much current can be pass hence fuse of any length can be
used but it's thickness should be proper

96. A strip of copper and another of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 80 K. The
resistance of
(a) each of these increases
(b) each of these decreases
(c) copper strip increases and that of germanium decreases
(d) copper strip decreases and that of germanium increases
Answer:d
Explanation:
Copper is a conductor while germanium is a semiconductor.
In case of conductor resistance decreases with temperature while in case of semi-
conductor resistance increases with temperature.
Hence the resistance of copper strip decreases and that of germanium increases.

97. The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is R. If its length and radius are both doubled,
then
(a) the resistance and the specific resistance, will both remain unchanged
(b) the resistance will be doubled and the specific resistance will be halved
(c) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will remain unchanged
(d) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will be doubled
Answer:c
Explanation:
R=(pl)/A=pl/ πr2
R′= p2l/ π(2r)2=R/2
Specific resistance will remain same as it is a material property but remember it depends on
temperature.

98. Nichrome or Manganin is widely used in wire bound standard resistors because of their
(a) temperature independent resistivity
(b) very weak temperature dependent resistivity.
(c) strong dependence of resistivity with temperature.
(d) mechanical strength.
Answer:b
Explanation:
By property Nichrome and Magnesium is used in wire due to very weak
temperature dependent resistivity.
99. With increase in temperature the conductivity of
(a) metals increases and of semiconductor decreases.
(b) semeconductors increases and metals decreases.
(c) in both metals and semiconductors increases.
(d) in both metal and semiconductor decreases.
Answer:b
Explanation:
As the temperature increases, more electrons get the energy to jump from
Conduction band to valence band, and thereby increases the conductivity of the semiconductor.
 In metal, resistance increases with increase in temperature hence conductivity decreases.

100. The resistance of a metal increases with increases of temperature due to

(a) Number of electrons (b) Velocity of electrons
(c) Scattering of electrons with core (d) Thermal motion of core ions
Answer: d
Explanation:
When the temperature is increased, the core ions show thermal motion and
increased vibration which hinders the motion of charge carriers under the influence of electric
filed. Thus the resistance of material is increased.

101. To minimize the power loss in the transmission cables connecting the power stations to
homes and factories, the transmission cables carry current
(a) at a very low voltage.
(b) at a very high voltage
(c) at 220 volt
(d) neither at a very high voltage nor at a very low voltage.
Answer:b

102. In the series combination of two or more than two resistances

(a) the current through each resistance is same (b) the voltage through each resistance is same
(c) neither current nor voltage through each resistance is same
(d) both current and voltage through each resistance are same.
Answer :a
Explanation
For resistances in series, the current through each resistors remains the same.

103. Two or more resistors are said to be in ...A... if one end of all resistors is joined together and
similarly the other ends joined together, Here, A refers to
(a) series (b) parallel (c) either (a) or (b) (d) None of these
Answer: (b)

104. Emf of a cell is

(a) the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a cell when no current is drawn
from the cell.
(b) the force required to push the electrons in the circuit.
(c) the potential difference between the positive and negative terminal of a cell in a closed circuit.
(d) less than terminal potential difference of the cell.
Answer:a
Explanation:
emf is defined as open circuit potential difference across the cell which is
same as work done per coulomb of electricity, in a circuit in which the cell is connected.

105. When potential difference is applied across an electrolyte, then Ohm’s law is obeyed at
(a) zero potential (b) very low potential (c) negative potential (d) high potential
Answer: (d)
Explanation
 When voltage is applied to an  electrolyte, dissociation of ions starts.
 At low voltages as the voltage increases the number of ions conducting also increases
making a non linear increase of current.
 After a certain voltage when  the ions are dissociated and no more dissociation, the
electrolyte behaves as a conductor and obeys ohm's law.
 Thus at high voltages, an electrolyte obeys ohm's law.

106. To draw a maximum current from a combination of cells, how should the cells be grouped?
(a) Parallel (b) Series (c) Mixed grouping
(d) Depends upon the relative values of internal and external resistances.
Answer: (d) Explanation:
 Let each cell of emf 'E' and internal resistance 'r'. There are n such cells. The external
resistance be 'R'.
 If cells are connected in series : current through 'R' =nE/(nr+R)
 If cells are connected in parallel : current through 'R' =nE/(r+nR)
 Do draw a maximum current :
  if nr+R > r+nR cells must be connected in parallel.
  if r+nR > nr+R cells must be connected in series.
So it depends on the relative values of internal and external resistances.

107. Under what condition will the strength of current in a wire of resistance R be the same for
connection is series and in parallel of n identical cells each of the internal resistance r? When
(a) R = n r (b) R = r/n (c) R = r (d) R → ∞, r →0
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Let emf of each cell be 'E'. 
If cells are connected in series :   current through'R' =nE/(nr+R)
If cells are connected in parallel :    current through 'R' =nE/(r+nR)
For the currents to be equal , r+nR=nr+R ⇒r=R

108. A cell of internal resistance r is connected to an external resistance R. The current will be
maximum in R, if
(a) R = r (b) R < r (c) R > r (d) R = r/2
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
 In series combination of cells, Current I= nE /( nr+R′)
 In parallel combination of cells, I′=E/[(r/n)+R]
 If I=I′ then nE/(nr+R)=E/[(r/n)+R] =nE/(r+nR)
 It will be so if r=R.

109. An energy source will supply a constant current into the load if its internal resistance is
(a) very large as compared to the load resistance (b) equal to the resistance of the load
(c) non-zero but less than the resistance of the load (d) zero
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
 Energy source will supply a constant current into the load if its internal resistance is zero.
 Since, current, I is given by
 I=E/(R+r)
 For constant current to the load,
 I=E/R=constant
 This is possible only if internal resistance, r=0

110. Sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by

(a) increasing the e.m.f of the cell (b) increasing the length of the
potentiometer
(c) decreasing the length of the potentiometer wire (d) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
 The sensitivity of the potentiometer depends upon the value of potential gradient K.
(K=Potential supplied by main battery divided by length of wire)
 Smaller the value of K, smaller the potential difference that a  potentiometer can
measure and more is the sensitivity of the potentiometer. 
 Thus, for a given potential difference, the sensitivity of the potentiometer increases with
the increase in length of potentiometer wire.

111. In potentiometer a balance point is obtained, when

(a) the e.m.f. of the battery becomes equal to the e.m.f of the experimental cell
(b) the p.d. of the wire between the +ve end of battery to jockey becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the
experimental cell
(c) the p.d. of the wire between +ve point of cell and jockey becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the
battery
(d) the p.d. across the potentiometer wire becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the battery
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
  In general, if the arrangement is not balanced, there will be a potential difference across
the galvanometer, G.
 This will only be zero means balance when the p.d. of the wire between the +ve end of
battery to jockey becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the experimental cell.
112. In the experiment of potentiometer, at balance point, there is no current in the
(a) main circuit (b) galvanometer circuit
(c) potentiometer circuit (d) both main and galvanometer circuits
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
 When the both potential, i.e, potential difference across the chosen length of
potentiometer wire and potential difference caused by the cell in secondary circuit,
becomes equal and opposite, no current flows through the secondary circuit.
 Thus the galvanometer shows null deflection.

113. The internal resistance of dry cell is ...A..., than the internal resistance of common
electrolytic cell. Here, A refers to
(a) much lower (b) much higher (c) slightly lower (d) slightly higher
Answer: (b)

114. Kirchoff’s first law, i.e., ∑ i = 0 at a junction, deals with the conservation of
(a) charge (b) energy (c) momentum (d) angular momentum
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
 The principle of conservation of electric charge implies that: at any node (junction) in
an electrical circuit , the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of
currents flowing out of that node.
 This is known as Kirchhoff's current law.

115. The Kirchhoff's second law (ΣiR = ΣE), where the symbols have their usual meanings, is
based on
(a) conservation of momentum (b) conservation of charge
(c) conservation of potential (d) conservation of energy
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
 Kirchhoff’s first law says that no charge can be accumulated at a junction which
implies conservation of charge 
 Kirchhoff’s second law states that the energy liberated in the circuit comes from the
battery which implies the conservation of energy

116. Why is the Wheatstone bridge better than the other methods of measuring resistances?
(a) It does not involve Ohm’s law (b) It is based on Kirchhoff’s law
(c) It has four resistor arms (d) It is a null method
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
  The Wheatstone bridge is used to measure the unknown resistance by using null method.
i.e, when the bridge is balanced, no current through the galvanometer.
 Using this null method, we can easily measure the unknown resistance if the other three
arm's resistor are given.  

117.If in the experiment of Wheatstone’s bridge, the positions of cells and galvanometer are
interchanged, then balance point will
(a) change
(b) remain unchanged
(c) depend on the internal resistance of cell and resistance of galvanometer
(d) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
 For balanced Wheatstone bridge which is shown in figure a, P/Q=R/S
 If we interchange the cell and galvanometer then circuit becomes as shown in figure b.
and balanced condition, 
 P/S=Q/R⇒P/Q=S/R
 Thus, balanced point remains unchanged.

118. In a wheatstone bridge in the battery and galvanometer are interchanged then the deflection
in
galvanometer will
(a) change in previous direction (b) not change
(c) change in opposite direction (d) none of these.
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
 The changed configuration is still a wheat stone bridge hence there will be no change in
deflection.


119. In meter bridge or Wheatstone bridge for measurement of resistance, the known and the
unknown resistance are interchanged. The error so removed is
(a) end correction (b) index error (c) due to temperature effect (d) random error
Answer:(a)
Explanation:
 In meter bridge experiment, it is assumed that the resistance of the L shaped plate is
negligible, but actually it is not so.
 The error created due to this is called, end error.
  To removed this the resistance box and the unknown resistance must be interchanged
and then the mean reading must be take.

120. For measuring voltage of any circuit, potentiometer is preferred to voltmeter because
(a) the potentiometer is cheap and easy to handle.
(b) calibration in the voltmeter is sometimes wrong .
(c) the potentiometer almost draws no current during measurement.
(d) range of the voltmeter is not as wide as that of the potentiometer.
Answer:(c)
Explanation:
 The potentiometer is preferred over voltmeter for measurement of emf of cell because the
potentiometer does not draw any current for itself from the primary circuit.
 Therefore it gives more accurate measurement thereby acting as an ideal voltmeter.

121. What does the internal resistance of a cell mean?

(a) The resistance of the material used in the cell (b) The vessel of the cell
(c) The electrodes of the cell (d) The electrolyte used in the cell
Answer: d 

122. What is the value of current I at O in the adjoining circuit?

(a)2A (b)5A (c)7A (d)9A

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
 i=5+3–2–7+8
 i = 16 – 9
 i = 7A

123. Two wires A and B are of the same metal and of same length have their areas of cross section
in the ratio 2:1 if the same potential difference is applied across each wire in turn, what will be the
ratio of current flowing in A & B?
(a) 1:2 (b)2:1 (c) 1:4 (d)4:1
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
 Since R 
If area are in the ratio 2:1 resistance will be in the ratio 1:2.

And I = 

124.Identify the type of conductors whose V-I relationship is linear.

a) Thyristor b) Non-ohmic conductors c) Ohmic conductors d) Superconductors
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
 The conductors which obey Ohm’s law are called Ohmic conductors.
 The linear relationship between voltage and current for these conductors hold good.

125. Which of these relation holds good for an Ohmic conductor?

a) V-I relationship is non-linear
b) The straight-line V-I graph pass through the origin
c) V-I relationship is non-unique
d) V-I relationship depends on the sign of V for the same absolute value of V

Answer: b
Explanation:
 The conductors which obey Ohm’s law are called Ohmic conductors.
 The linear relationship between voltage and current for these conductors hold good.
 The resistance (R=V/I) is independent of the current through the conductor.
 The magnitude of current changes linearly with voltage.
 Hence the V-I graph for ohmic conductors is a straight line passing through the origin.
126.  Identify the type of conductor represented by the V-I characteristic curve given below.

a) Metallic conductor b) Thyristor c) p-n junction diode d) Semiconductor

Answer: c
Explanation:
p-n junction diode consists of p-type and n-type semiconductors. The V-I
relationship is non-linear. When a voltage is applied across junction, very little current flows
for the fairly high negative voltage and a current begins to flow for much smaller positive
(forward) bias.
127. Ohm’s law is a fundamental law of nature. State true or false.
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
Ohm’s law is not a fundamental law of nature. Some reasons for the failure of
ohm’s law are: Potential difference may vary non-linearly with the current ; The V-I
relationship may be non-unique; The variation of current with potential difference may
depend upon the sign of the potential difference applied.
128. Identify the type of materials which have resistivities in the range of 10-8 Ωm to 10-6 Ωm.
a) Semiconductors b) Insulators c) Conductors d) Thyristors
Answer: c
Explanation:
Conductors have low resistivities in the range of 10-8 Ωm to 10-6 Ωm. Metals are good
conductors. Conductors are objects or types of material that allows the flow of charge in one
or more directions, and a result, the resistance offered against the flow of charge will be less.
129. Identify the material whose resistivity is more than 1014 Ωm.
a) Bakelite b) Copper c) Aluminum d) Silicon
Answer: a
Explanation:
Insulators are materials which do not conduct electric current, and thereby,
offer high resistance to the flow of charges. Insulators like bakelite and hard rubber have
very high resistivities in the range of 1014 to 1016 Ωm.

130. Identify the wrong statement describing the color code for carbon resistors.
a) The first band indicates the first significant figure
b) The second band indicates the second significant figure
c) The third band indicates the third significant figure
d) The fourth band indicates the possible variation in the percent of the indicated value
Answer: c
Explanation:
The third band indicates the power of ten with which the first and second significant
figures must be multiplied to get the resistance value in ohms. All the other statements are
valid.
131. Find the resistance value of the carbon resistor if the colors of the four bands are red, red, red
and silver respectively.
a) 33 × 102Ω ± 20% b) 22 × 102Ω ± 5% c) 22 × 102Ω ± 10% d) 33 ×
10 Ω ± 10%
3

Answer: c
Explanation: A color code is used to indicate the resistance value of a carbon resistor and its
percentage accuracy. The corresponding value of resistance for the given color code is 22 ×
102 Ω ± 10% (Red-2; Red-2; Red-2; Silver-10%).
132. If the fourth band of the carbon resistor is absent, it implies there is no tolerance.
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
The fourth band indicates the tolerance or possible variation in the percent of
the indicated value. If the fourth band is absent, it implies the tolerance of the resistor is
±20%.
133.  Find the resistance value of the carbon resistor if the colors of the four bands are yellow,
violet, brown and gold respectively.
a) 47 × 101Ω ± 5% b) 47 × 100Ω ± 5% c) 47 × 106Ω ± 5% d) 47 × 102Ω ± 5%
Answer: a
Explanation:
A color code is used to indicate the resistance value of a carbon resistor and its
percentage accuracy. The corresponding value of resistance for the given color code is 47 ×
101Ω ± 5% (Yellow-4; Violet-7; Brown-1; Gold-5%).
134.  Find the resistance value of the carbon resistor if the colors of bands are green, violet, and
red respectively.
a) 57 × 102Ω ± 5% b) 57 × 102Ω ± 10% c) 57 × 102Ω ± 20% d) 57 ×
10 Ω
2

Answer: c
Explanation:
A color code is used to indicate the resistance value of a carbon resistor and its
percentage accuracy. The corresponding value of resistance for the given color code is 57 ×
102Ω ± 20% (Green-5; Violet-7; Red-2; No fourth band-20%).
135. Identify the material whose resistivity lie between 10-6 Ωm and 104 Ωm.
a) Silver b) Mica c) Copper d) Silicon
Answer: d
Explanation:
 The resistivities of semiconductors lie between 10-6 Ωm and 104 Ωm.
 A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a
conductor, such as metallic aluminum, and an insulator, such as wood.
 Silicon and germanium are typical semiconductors.

136. Which of the following relation is significant for metals when the temperature increases?
a) Resistivity increases and conductivity decreases
b) Resistivity decreases and conductivity decreases
c) Resistivity and conductivity do not change with temperature
d) Temperature dependence is non-linear

Answer: a
Explanation:
 The resistivity of a metal increases and the conductivity decreases with the increase in
temperature.
  With an increase in temperature, the free electrons collide more frequently with the
metal ions.
 The mean collision time also decreases.

137. Identify the type of material based on the T-ρ graph given below.

a) Silicon b) Polymer c) Nichrome d) Copper

Answer: d
Explanation:

 For metals, the temperature coefficient of resistivity is positive.

 At lower temperatures, the resistivity of a pure metal increases as a higher power of
temperature.
 So, the answer is copper, which is a metal.

138. Which among the following has weak temperature dependence values with resistivity?
a) Silver b) Copper c) Nichrome d) Germanium
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Alloys have high resistivity.
 The resistivity of nichrome has weak temperature dependence.
 At absolute zero, a pure metal has negligibly small resistivity while an alloy like
nichrome has some residual resistivity.

139. The resistivity of semiconductors and insulators decreases linearly with the increase of
temperature.
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
 The resistivity of semiconductors and insulators decreases exponentially with the
increase in temperature.
 This is because the number density of free electrons increases exponentially with the
increase in temperature.

140. The resistivity of ‘X’ decreases with temperature and its coefficient of resistivity is negative.
Identify X.
a) Silver b) Silicon c) Copper d) Nichrome
Answer: b
Explanation:
 The coefficient of resistivity is negative for semiconductors and their resistivity
decreases with temperature.
 The relaxation time does not change with temperature but the number density of free
electrons increases exponentially with the increase in temperature.
 Consequently, the resistivity decreases exponentially with the increase in temperature.

141. A wire has a resistance of 5.5 Ω at 19oC and 21.5 Ω at 200oC. Find the temperature
coefficient of resistivity(α) of the material.
a) 0.016 oC-1 b) 0.160 oC-1 c) 1.600 oC-1 d) 16.00 oC-1
Answer: a
Explanation:
Temperature coefficient α=(R2−R1) / R2(T2−T1).
α = (21.5−5.5) / (5.5(200−19))
= 0.01607 oC-1.
142. Which of the following is not a valid reason for using alloys to make standard resistors?
a) Alloys have a high value of resistivity b) They are least affected by air and
moisture
c) Alloys have a large temperature coefficient d) Their contact potential with copper is
small
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Alloys have a high value of resistivity.
 They have a very small temperature coefficient.
 So their resistance does not change appreciably even for several degrees rise of
temperature.
 That leaves the answer – alloys have a large temperature coefficient.

143.The SI unit of electrical energy is ____________

a) kilojoule (KJ) b) joules (J) c) watt (W) d) kilowatt (KW)
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Electric energy is defined as the total electric work done or energy supplied by the
source of emf in maintaining the current in an electric circuit for a given time.
 The SI unit of electrical energy is joule (J).
 The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh).

144. 1 kWh = ___________

a) 3.6 × 106 J b) 3.6 × 105 J c) 0.36 × 106 J d) 0.36 × 105 J
Answer: a
Explanation:
 The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh).
 1 kWh = 1000 Wh = 3.6 × 106J = one unit of electricity consumed.
  The electric energy used in factories, industries and houses are measured in kWh.

145. Calculate the number of units of electricity used if a bulb of 100 W is kept on for 5 hours.
a) 1 unit b) 0.1 unit c) 5 unit d) 0.5 unit
Answer: d
Explanation:
 The number of units of electricity consumed is
 n = (totalwattage×timeinhour)/1000
 Total wattage = 100 W      Time in hour = 5 hours
 Therefore, n = (100×5)/1000 = 0.5 units
 So, the number of units of electricity consumed is 0.5 units.
146. Electric energy is dependent on time.
a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Yes, electric energy is dependent on time.
 Electric energy = electric power × time = P × t.
 Electric energy is basically the energy derived from electric charge.
 It can be calculated by multiplying the electric power of the body with the time taken
for the power emission.

147. Which one of the following is the practical unit of power?

a) Watt (W) b) Kilowatt hour (kWh) c) Horse power (hp) d) Kilo joule
(kJ)
Answer: c
Explanation:
 The practical unit of power is horse power (hp).
 Kilo watt is also another practical unit of power.
 1 kilowatt = 1000 watt;
 1 hp = 746 watt.
 It is usually used in reference to the output of engines or motors.

148. The power consumed by a 300 V bulb, having a resistance of 100 ohms, is 3 Watts.
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Electric power can also be calculated or represented in other ways, such as:
 Power = voltage × current;
 Power = current2 × resistance;
 Power = voltage2 / resistance.
 In this case, we can use the equation – Power = voltage2/resistance. Voltage = 300 V;
Resistance = 100 ohms
  Power = 300×300/100= 900 Watts
Therefore, the power consumed by a 300 V bulb, having a resistance of 100 ohms, is
900 Watts.
149. One watt is equal to __________
a) one kilowatt per second b) one kilo joule per second
c) one joule per second d) one joule per minute
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Watt is the SI unit of power. Power = workdone/time.
 The SI unit of work done is the same as energy, that is, joule and that of time is
seconds.
 Therefore, one watt is equal to one joule per second.
150. An engine uses 30 A of current. The resistance offered is 15 ohms. Calculate the power
consumed by the engine in horse power.
a) 18 hp b) 19 hp c) 17 hp d) 13500 hp
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Current used = 30 A; Resistance = 15 ohms
 The required equation is: Power = current2 × resistance= 30 × 30 × 15= 13,500 Watts
 We know that, 1 Watt = 746 horse power (hp). So, 13,500 Watts = 18.096 hp, which
can approximately be equal to 18 hp.
 Therefore, the engine consumes 18 hp power.

151. In series connection of resistors, what happens to the current across each resistor?
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remain the same d) Initially increases and then
decreases
Answer: c
Explanation:
 When the resistors are connected in series, and current is passed through them, the
current passing through each of the resistor is the same.
 This is because, the resistors are connected end to the end and, therefore, there is only
one path for the current to flow through.
152. Identify the combination which is not a series connection.
a) Resistance box b) Decorative bulbs c) Fuses d) Domestic
appliances
Answer: d
Explanation:
 Domestic appliances in a house are connected in parallel combinations, and not in
series combinations.
 This arrangement is done so that each of the appliances can switched on and off
independently, which is essential in a house’s wiring.

153. The equivalent overall resistance is smaller than the smallest parallel resistor.
a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Yes, the equivalent overall resistance is smaller than the smallest resistor connected in
parallel.
 This is because, the overall equivalent resistance of parallel combination is:
Rp = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3.
 When the inverse of a resistance value is taken, the value obtained is lesser than the
original value.
 Thus, the sum of inverse values will only provide a lesser value than the initial
resistances.

154. Pick out the correct statement from the following about parallel combination of resistors.
a) The current across the resistors are the same
b) The resistance offered by all resistors are the same
c) The potential difference is same across each resistor
d) The equivalent overall resistance is larger than the largest resistor
Answer: c
Explanation:
 In parallel combination, the resistors are connected together at one end, and are also
all connected together at the other end.
 So, the potential difference across the resistors will not change and thus, remains the
same.

155. Two wires of the same material have the same length but their radii are in the ratio of 5:3.
They are combined in series, where the resistance of the thicker wire is 12 ohms. Calculate the
total resistance of the combination.
a) 40 b) 12 c) 32 d) 20
Answer: c
Explanation:
 The given ratio of radii = 5:3; R2 /R1=5/3 → R2 = (5/3) R1
 R1 = 12 ohms (given); R2 = (5 /3) × 12 = 20 ohms. So, R1 = 12 ohms and R2 = 20 ohms
 Therefore, total resistance (R) = R1 + R2 (since they are combined in series)= 12 + 20=
32 ohms
 Thus, the total resistance of the combination is 32 ohms.

156. Three resistors each of 5 ohms are connected in the form of a triangle. What is the resistance
between the vertices?
a) 310 b) 103 c) 1550 d) 25
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Equivalent resistance = 5 + 5 + (1/5) (since first two are in series, and they are in
parallel to the third in case of a triangular arrangement)
1/R = 10 + (1/5)=(5+10)/(5×10)=15/50=3/10
 Thus, R =10/3 ohms
Therefore, the equivalent resistance is 10/3 ohms.
157. Two resistors are connected in parallel, whose resistance values are in the ratio 3:1. Find the
ratio of power dissipated.
a) 1:3 b) 3:1 c) 1:2 d) 2:1
Answer: a
Explanation:
 We can consider the relation that includes power and resistance,
 i.e. Power = voltage2/resistance.
 Since, the resistors are connected in parallel, the voltage across them will be the same.
 From this relation, power and resistance are inversely proportional to each other.
Thus, P1/P2=R2/R1=1/3
So, the power dissipated is in the ratio is 1:3.

158. A set up is such that there are three similar resistors, each of 20 ohms resistance. Two of
them are connected in parallel, and this combination is connected in series with the third one. The
maximum power that can be consumed by each resistor is 30 W. Then, what is the maximum
power that can be consumed by the combination of all three resistors?
a) 30 b) 20 c) 35 d) 45
Answer: d
Explanation:
 The equivalent overall resistance of the parallel combination is:
1/R1=1/20+1/20=2/20=1/10 → R1 = 10 ohms.
 R1 is in series with R2; So, R3 = R1 + R2 = 10 + 20 = 30 ohms.
 Now, we can employ the method of cross-multiplication:
For 20 ohms resistor → 30 W power consumed
For 30 ohms resistor combination → x
 20x = 30 × 30
x = (30×30)/20
 x = 45
 Therefore, the power consumed by the parallel combination is 45 ohms.

159. Which of the following is the correct statement regarding electrochemical cell?
a) It converts chemical energy to electrical energy
b) It converts electric energy to chemical energy
c) It converts chemical energy to thermal energy
d) It does not maintain the flow of charge in a circuit
Answer: a
Explanation:
 An electrochemical cell is a device which converts chemical energy to electric energy,
and maintains the flow of charge in a circuit.
 There are 2 types of electrochemical cells – Galvanic cell and Electrolytic cell.
160. Which is the factor that internal resistance does not depend on?
a) Distance between the electrodes b) Temperature of the electrolyte
c) Nature of electrode and electrolyte d) Area of the electrode, immersed in the electrolyte
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Internal resistance is defined as the resistance offered by the electrolyte and electrodes
of a cell when the current flows through it.
 Internal resistance depends on distance between the electrodes, the nature of
electrodes and electrolyte, and area of the electrode immersed in the electrolyte.
 So, that leaves temperature of the electrolyte out, which is the answer.

161. The emf of a cell depends upon concentration of the electrolyte.

a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
 The emf of a cell depends upon the nature of electrodes, nature and concentration of
electrolyte used in the cell and its temperature as well.
 Emf of a cell is inversely proportional to the concentration of the electrolyte.
162. Identify the correct statement from the following about discharging of a cell.
a) The direction of current in the cell is from positive to negative terminal
b) Terminal potential difference is greater than emf of the cell
c) Terminal potential difference is lesser than emf of the cell
d) The current increases and decreases frequently
Answer: c
Explanation:
 During discharging of a cell terminal potential difference, the terminal potential
difference is lesser than the emf of the cell.
 The direction of current inside the cell is from negative terminal to positive terminal.

163.  A current of 3 A passes through an electric circuit for 5 minutes and does a work of 900J.
What is the emf of the source?
a) 3V b) 1V c) 5V d) 10V
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Current = 3 A; Time taken = 5 minutes = 300 seconds Work done = 900 J;
 Power = Workdone / Time taken=900/300 = 3 W
Power = Voltage (emf) x Current → Emf = Power/Current=3/3 = 1V
Therefore, the emf of the source is 1 volt.

164.The emf of a battery is 86V and internal resistance 1 ohms in the figure shown below.
Calculate the current drawn from the battery.
a) 2 A b) 3 A c) 5 A d) 6 A
Answer: d
Explanation:
 The resistances 8 ohms, 10 ohms, and 2 ohms are in series, so the equivalent resistance
is: RS = 8 + 10 + 2 = 20 ohms; RS and 4 ohms are in parallel connection to each other,
so,
1/RP=1/20+1/4=3/10 → RP = 10/3
 Total resistance (R) = 3 + (10/3) + 7 + 1 (internal resistance) = 43/3
 According to Ohm’s Law → V = IR → I = V/R=86/(34/3)= 3 × 2= 6 A
 Therefore, the current drawn from the battery is 6 amperes

165. A cell has an emf of 6V, internal resistance of 1 ohms and a current of 0.5 A passing through
it. This cell is connected to a resistor. Find out the resistance of the resistor.
a) 10 ohms b) 11 ohms c) 12 ohms d) 13 ohms
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Emf (e) = 6V; Internal resistance (r) = 1 ohms; Current (I) = 0.5A
Required equation: I = (e/R) + r→0.5 = (6/R) + 1
R = (6–0.5)/0.5
 R = 11 ohms
 Therefore, the resistance of the resistor is 11 ohms.

166. A group of N cells such its emf EN = 1.5rN is shown in the diagram below. What is the current
I in the circuit?

a) 51 A b) 0.015 A c) 1.5 A d) 155.1 A

Answer: c
Explanation:
  The total emf can be calculated as: E = E1 + E2 + E3 + …………… + EN
(According to the relation given) = 1.5r1 + 1.5r2 + 1.5r3 + ………… + 1.5rN
= 1.5 (r1 + r2 + r3 + ………… + rN) → X
 Total resistance can be calculated as: R = r1 + r2 + r3 + ……….. + rN → Y
Substituting Y in X
 E = 1.5 × R
 We also know that → I = E/R
 So, I = E/R = 1.5 A
 Therefore, the current in the circuit = 1.5 ampere

167.  Which of the following devices is the more accurate one for the measurement of emf?
a) Meter Bridge b) Voltmeter c) Multi-meter d) Potentiometer
Answer: d
Explanation:
 Potentiometer is the more accurate device to measure emf than the other ones such as
multimeter or voltmeter.
 Potentiometer is highly sensitive and thus, even small emfs can be measured using this
device.
 Moreover, potentiometers do not draw current from the circuit during measurements,
like voltmeters.

168. What will be the grouping of cells when the current in the circuit is ne/(R+nr)?
a) Parallel grouping b) Series grouping
c) Mixed grouping d) When there is no grouping
Answer: b
Explanation:
 When n identical cells, each of emf ‘e’ and internal resistance ‘r’ are connected to the
external resistance ‘R’ in series, its called series grouping.
 In series grouping eeq = ne and req = nr Therefore, current in the circuit (I)
= ne/(R+nr).

169. Which of the following is correct when one cell is wrongly connected in series circuit?
a) The total emf reduces by e b) The total emf increases by e
c) The total emf increases by 2e d) The total emf decreases by 2e
Answer: c
Explanation:
 When one cell is wrongly connected in series of n identical cells, each of emf e, it will
reduce the total emf by 2e.
 So, effective emf is calculated as eEFF = ne – 2e. This happens in case of mixed
grouping.

170. Calculate the number of dry cells, each of emf 2V and internal resistance 1V that is joined in
series with a resistance of 30 ohms so that a current of 0.8A passes through it.
a) 20 b) 10 c) 30 d) 40
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Emf = 2V; r = 1 ohm; I = 0.8A; R = 30 ohms
 The required equation: I = (n×e)/[(n×r)+R]
0.8 = (n×2)/[(n×1)+30]
 0.8n + 24 = 2n
 1.2n = 24
 n = 241.2 = 20
 Therefore, the number of dry cells required are 20.

171. In parallel grouping of cells, we obtain more current.

a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Yes, in parallel grouping of cells, we obtain more current.
 In parallel combination, the voltage remains the same and the resistance offered is
minimum.
 As more cells are added parallel to each other, then the resistance will keep reducing.
 As a result, more current can be obtained.

172. There are 4 resistors, each having the same resistance of 4 ohms. These are first connected in
series with a cell of internal resistance 2 ohms. Then, they are connected in parallel to the same
cell. Find the ratio of the respective currents in the two cases.
a) 1:8 b) 1:7 c) 1:6 d) 6:1
Answer: c
Explanation:
 When the resistors are connected in series: RS = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16 ohms
 They are connected to a cell of internal resistance of 2 ohms, so current (I1) = (e/RS) +
r
= (e/6) + 2= (e/18)
 When the resistors are connected in parallel: 1/RP=1/4+1/4+1/4+1/4 = 1 → RP = 1
 The current through the circuit (I2) = e/(1+2) = e/3
Ratio of both the currents = I1/I2=(e/18)/(e/3)=1/6 → 1:6

173.  ‘n’ cells have emf ‘e’ and internal resistance ‘r’ and connected to an external resistance ‘R’.
They pass the same current whether the cells are connected in series or in parallel to each other.
Then which of the following conditions are true?
a) R = r b) r = nR c) R = nr d) R = n2r
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Current passed through the external resistance when the cells are connected in series:
I1 = ne/(R+nr)
Current passed through the external resistance when the cells are connected in
 parallel:
I2 = ne/(nR+r)
 Given: I1 = I2
 ne(/R+nr)=ne/(nR+r)=R + nr = nR + r
 R – nR = r – nr = R (1 – n) = r (1 – n)
 R=r

174. When cells are connected incorrectly in series, total internal resistance is also affected.
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
 When ‘n’ cells, each of internal resistance ‘r’, are incorrectly connected in series, the
total internal resistance of cells still remains nr, i.e. there is no effect on the total
internal resistance of the cells.

175. A battery of emf 10V has an internal resistance of 1 ohms and is charged by a 150V dc
supply using a series resistance of 19 ohms. What is the terminal voltage of the battery?
a) 15V b) 20V c) 17V d) 25V
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Emf (e) = 10; Internal resistance (r) = 1 ohm; DC supply given = 150V; Resistance(R)
= 19 ohms
 EEFF = 150 – 10 = 140V; RTOT = R + r = 19 + 1 = 20 ohms.
I = EEFF/(R+r)=140/20 = 7A
 Terminal voltage = emf of battery + voltage drop across battery= 10 + Ir
= 10 + (7 x 1)
= 10 + 7 = 17V
 Therefore, the terminal voltage of battery is 17V.

176. A cell has an emf ‘e’ and internal resistance ‘r’ and is connected across a variable external
resistance R. Identify the correct plot from the following of potential difference across resistance
R when R is increased.
a) b) c) d)

Answer: b
Explanation:
 Current passing in the circuit (I) = e/(R+r)
 Potential difference (V) = IR = [ e/(R+r) ] × R
 V = e/(1+{r/R})
  Therefore, when R = 0 → V = 0
 R = infinity → V = e
 Thus, an upward curve will only be obtained.

177. Which among the following is true?

a) According to Kirchhoff’s law, the current flowing towards a junction is equal to the voltage
drop
b) According to Kirchhoff’s law, the current flowing towards a junction is equal to the resistance
across the junction
c) According to Kirchhoff’s law, the current flowing towards a junction is equal to the current
leaving the junction
d) According to Kirchhoff’s law, the current flowing towards a junction is equal to all the currents
in the circuit
Answer: c
Explanation:
 According to Kirchhoff’s first law, the current flowing towards the junction is equal to
the current leaving the junction.
 Mathematically, this law can be expressed as ∑n(K – 1) IK = 0 (where n is the number of
branches carrying current towards or away from the junction)
178. The equation → ∑e = ∑IR is applicable to which law?
a) Kirchhoff’s second law b) Kirchhoff’s junction rule
c) Kirchhoff’s third law d) Newton’s Law
Answer: a
Explanation:
 The equation → ∑ e = ∑ (IR) is applicable to Kirchhoff’s second law.
 This law is also known as Kirchhoff’s loop rule.
 This expression tells us that in a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emfs is equal to
the algebraic sum of the products of the resistance and currents flowing through them.

179. Identify the correct statement from the following.

a) While traversing in a closed loop, if negative pole of cell is encountered first, then the emf is
negative
b) The product of resistance and current in an arm is taken to be positive if the direction of current
is opposite to the direction in which one moves along the closed loop
c) Current flowing away from a junction is taken as positive
d) While traversing in a closed loop, if positive pole of cell is encountered first, then the emf is
positive
Answer: d
Explanation:
 According to sign convention while traversing a closed loop (in clockwise or anti-
clockwise direction), if positive pole of the cell is encountered first then its emf is
negative or else, it will be positive.
180. Kirchhoff’s first law supports law of conservation of charge.
a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Kirchhoff’s first law or Kirchhoff’s junction law supports law of conservation of
charge.
 According to this law, whatever charges are passing towards the junction is equal to
the charges leaving the junction.
 As a result, the charges are conserved, thereby, supporting the law of conservation of
charge.

181. Calculate the value of current I4.

a) -9A b) 9A c) 5A d) 1A
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Current I4 can be calculated using Kirchhoff’s first law.
 The sum of current arriving at a junction is equal to the currents leaving the junction.
 Here, Currents arriving at a junction: 7A + 5A = 12A
 Currents leaving the junction: 3A + I4
 Equating both the currents: 12A = 3A + I4
 I4 = 9A
182. In the circuit shown below, calculate the current flowing through 20V cell.

a) 12A b) 15A c) 12.5A d) 12.3A

Answer: c
Explanation:
 Here, we can apply Kirchhoff’s loop rule in closed loops ADCBA, AEFBA, AHGBA,
and AIJBA. Thus, we get 20 + 10 – 5I1 = 0 → I1 = 6A
 -5 + 20 – 15I2 = 0 → I2 = 1A
25 + 20 – 10I3 = 0 → I3 = 4.5A
-15 + 20 – 5I4 = 0 → I4 = 1A
 Therefore, the current flowing through the 20V cell = 6 + 1 + 4.5 + 1 = 12.5A

183. The diagram below shows a network of 5 branches.

Given: I1 = -5A; I4 = 10A; I5 = 15A

a) I2 = -15A; I3 = -5A; I6 = -15A b) I2 = 15A; I3 = 5A; I6 = -15A
c) I2 = -15A; I3 = -5A; I6 = 15A d) I2 = 15A; I3 = 5A; I6 = 15A
Answer: d
Explanation:
 Given: I1 = -5A; I4 = 10A; I5 = 15A
Applying Kirchhoff’s Laws At junction D: I1 + I2 = I4 → -5 + I2 = 10 → I2 = 15A
At junction A: I3 + I4 = I5 → I3 + 10 = 15 → I3 = 5A
 I6 = I5 = 15A (Since they are in series)

184. Kirchhoff’s laws are applicable in the presence of magnetic field.

a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Kirchhoff’s law are not applicable in the presence of a magnetic field.
 This is because, Kirchhoff’s law is based on the assumption that magnetic fields do not
exist in closed loops.
 Therefore, this law cannot be used when there are time varying magnetic fields.

185. Which among the following can be used to analyze circuits?

a) Kirchhoff’s Law b) Newton’s Law c) Coulomb’s Law d) Stephan’s
Law
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Kirchhoff’s Law is used to analyze circuits.
 This law is important because they represent connections of a circuit.
 Kirchhoff’s Law provide the constraints that let us find the current flowing and
voltage across every circuit element.
186. Find the false statement.
a) Sum of voltage over any closed loop is zero
b) Kirchhoff’s Laws can be applied to any circuit, regardless of its structure and composition
c) Kirchhoff’s 2nd law is applied at nodes
d) Kirchhoff’s 1st law can be applied for both planar and non-planar circuits
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Kirchhoff’s 2nd year is applied in a closed loop.
 Kirchhoff’s 2nd law supports the law of conservation of energy.
 This means that energy is neither created nor destroyed in the closed loop.
 Whatever energy enters the loop, same amount leaves the loop.

187. How many resistances are used in a Wheatstone bridge?

a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Wheatstone bridge is an arrangement of four resistors P, Q, R, and S, such that if we
know the value of the resistances of any three of them, we can obtain the value of
fourth unknown resistance.
 Therefore, there are 4 resistances in a Wheatstone bridge.

188. The values of resistances P, Q, R, and S of a Wheatstone bridge are 20, 15, 30, and 35 ohms
respectively. Calculate the current passing through the battery of negligible resistance.

a) 0.36A b) 22.22A c) 0.25A d) 0.45A

Answer: d
Explanation:
 The Wheatstone bridge is balanced, i.e. there is no current passing through the
galvanometer.
 So, resistances P and R are in series → R1 = 20 + 30 = 50 ohms.
 Also, Q and S are in series → R2 = 15 + 35 = 40 ohms.
 R1 and R2 are parallel to each other, so 1/R=(1/50)+(1/40)=(50+40)/(50×40)=90/200
 Thus, R = 200/90 = 22.22.
 Now, current (I) = V/R=10/22.22 = 0.45A
 Therefore, the current passing through the battery is 0.4

189. Which instrument is used as the null detector in the Wheatstone bridge?
a) Voltmeter b) Ammeter c) Galvanometer d) Multimeter
Answer: c
Explanation:
 A galvanometer is used as the null detector in a Wheatstone bridge.
  The null point means the situation in which no current flows through the circuit.
 The galvanometer is used for measuring the current and also to determine the voltage
between any two points of the circuit.
 Galvanometer is used due to its sensitivity and therefore, even small currents can be
measure
190. The equation of a balanced Wheatstone bridge is PR = QS.
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Explanation:
 No. A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical device used to measure unknown resistance
by placing it in one of the branches and balancing the two legs of the bridge.
 If R is the unknown resistance, S is varied until the galvanometer shows null
deflection, whereas P and Q are fixed.
 This is the balanced condition. So the equation is P/Q=R/S → PS = QR.
 Also, in the balanced condition, no current passes through the galvanometer.

191. Identify the definition of sensitivity of a galvanometer from the following.

a) Ratio of unit change in unknown resistance to the deflection in the galvanometer
b) Ratio of unit change in unknown resistance to twice the deflection in the galvanometer
c) Ratio of deflection in the galvanometer to the unit change in unknown resistance
d) Ratio of deflection in the galvanometer to half the unit change in unknown resistance
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as ratio of deflection in the galvanometer to
the unit change in unknown resistance.
 Sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by increasing the number of turns,
increasing the area of the coil, or using a strong magnet.

192. In the Wheatstone bridge given below, what should be values of R1 and R2 so that the bridge
is balanced?

a) R1 = 6 ohms; R2 = any finite value b) R1 = 6 ohms; R2 = 3 ohms
c) R1 = 29.4; R2 = 2 ohms d) R1 = any finite value; R2 = 3 ohms
Answer: a
Explanation:
 The given Wheatstone bridge is balanced, so the equation to be used is: P/Q=R/S
21/R1=35/10 → R1 = 21 × (10/35)= 3 × 2 = 6 ohms
  Since, the bridge is balanced, no curent will pass through the arm BD
 Hence, R2 can take any finite value.
 Therefore, R1 = 6 ohms; R2 = any finite value.

193. Find the false statement.

a) Wheatstone bridge is analogous to simple level system
b) A galvanometer with low resistance in series is an ammeter
c) Wheatstone bridge cannot be used forprecision measurement because of the error introduced in
contact resistance
d) Wheatstone bridge is susceptible to high dc current
Answer: d
Explanation:
 The false statement is Wheatstone bridge is susceptible to high dc current. It is
actually not susceptible to high dc current and can give inaccurate readings if not
balanced.
 The Wheatstone bridge measures resistance from few ohms to mega ohms.All the
other statements are valid.

194. Two resistances are connected in two gaps of Meter Bridge. The balance is 20cm from the
zero end. A resistance of 15 ohms is connected in series with the smaller of the two. The null
point shifts to 40cm. What is the value of the bigger resistance?
a) 9 b) 18 c) 27 d) 36
Answer: d
Explanation:
 Let P be the smaller resistance and Q be the bigger resistance.
First case → P/Q=20/80=1/4
Second case → (P+15)/Q=40/60=2/3
Comparing both → P/(P+15)=(1/4)×(3/2)=38
8P = 3P + 45 → 5P = 45 → P = 9 ohms
Therefore, substituting in P/Q=1/4 → 9/Q=1/4 → Q = 36 ohms.

195. What is the effect on null deflection of galvanometer, when the radius of the wire is tripled?
a) No change b) Becomes half c) Reduces by 13 d) Thrice the original
value
Answer: a
Explanation:
 For a balanced Meter Bridge P/Q=x/(100−x).
 From this, we can understand that the null deflection of galvanometer does not
depend on the radius of the wire.
 So, even if the radius of the wire is tripled, the null deflection of the galvanometer
undergoes no change.

196. A resistance of 5 ohms is connected across the gap of a Meter Bridge and an unknown
resistance, greater than 5 ohms, is connected across the other gap. When these resistances are
interchanged, the balance point shifts by 50 cm. Neglecting any correction, what is the unknown
resistance? The length of the wire is 150 cm.
a) 3 ohms b) 10 ohms c) 7 ohms d) 5 ohms
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Let × be the unknown resistance.
 First case → 5/x=l/(150–l) → 750 – 5l = xl ……….. (1)
Second case → x/5=(l+50)/(100–l) → 100x – xl = 5l + 250 →xl = 100x – 5l – 250
………… (2)
Comparing (1 )and (2) → 750 – 5l = 100x – 5l – 250
 100x = 750 + 250
 100x = 1000
 x = 10 ohms
 Therefore, the unknown resistance is 10 ohms.

197. The sensitivity of the meter bridge is at the peak when all resistors have the same order.
a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Yes, the sensitivity of the meter bridge is at the peak when all resistors have the same
order.
 The sensitivity can be increased by keeping the current in the galvanometer high and
this can be achieved by reducing the values of the resistors used in the Meter Bridge.

198. Which error is removed when the known and unknown resistances are interchanged in a
Meter Bridge?
a) Percentage error b) Measurement error c) End error d) Index error
Answer: c
Explanation:
 End error is removed when the known and unknown resistances are interchanged in a
Meter Bridge.
 This additional length has a resistance known as end resistance. So, when an end
error arises, it can be removed by interchanging the known and unknown resistances
and taking the mean of the resistances determined.

199. A potentiometer wire of length 100 cm has a resistance of 30 ohms. It is connected in series
with a resistance of 20 ohms and accumulator of emf 8V having negligible internal resistance. A
source of 1.2V is balanced against a length L of the potentiometer wire. What is the value of L?
a) 20 b) 25 c) 30 d) 35
Answer: b
Explanation:
 The current passing through the potentiometer wire: I = 8/(30+20)=8/50 = 0.16A
 The potential difference across the potentiometer wire:
 V = current × resistance = 0.16 × 30 = 4.8V
 Length of the wire = 100 cm
  k = V/l=4.8/100 = 0.048
 The emf 1.2V is balanced against the length L of the wire, i.e. 1.2 = kL
 Length = 1.2/k=1.2/0.048 = 25 cm
 Therefore, the length L is 25 cm.

200. A potentiometer using cell C of emf 5V and internal resistance 0.2 ohms is connected to a
wire AB in the figure below. A standard cell C0 of a constant emf of 1.10 V gives a balance point
at 55 cm of the wire. When C0 is replaced by a cell of emf E, the balance point is obtained at 85
cm. What is the value of E?

a) 1.4 V b) 1.5 V c) 1.7 V d) 1.9 V

Answer: c
Explanation:
 l1 = 55 cm; I2 = 85
(E/C0)=(l2/l1 ) → E = C0 ×( l2/l1)
E = 1.10 × (85/55) = 1.7 V
Therefore, the value of E is 1.7 V.

201. A potentiometer wire of length 20 m has a resistance of 50 ohms. It is connected in series

with a resistance box and a 5 V storage cell. If the potential gradient along the wire is 0.5 mV/cm,
what is the resistance unplugged in the box?
a) 450 ohms b) 400 ohms c) 405 ohms d) 500 ohms
Answer: a
Explanation:
 Potential gradient along the potentiometer wire = potential difference along wire
/length of wire.
 0.5 × 10-3 = I × (50/1000)
 I = 0.5 × 10-3 × (1000/50)
 I = 1/100
 So, 5/(50+R)=1/100
 R + 50 = 500
 R = 450 ohms
 Therefore, the resistance unplugged in the box is 450 ohms.

202. In a potentiometer of 5 wires, the balance point is obtained on the 2nd wire. To shift the
balance point to the 4th, we should decrease the current of the main circuit.
a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation:
  If we have to shift the balance point of a potentiometer to a higher length, the potential
gradient of the wire is to be decreased.
 This can also be achieved by increasing the resistance in series with the potentiometer
wire, and this is possible by decreasing the current of the main circuit.
 So, this is a true statement.

203. The balancing length of a potentiometer is at 120 cm. On shunting the cell with a resistance
of 4 ohms, the balancing point shifts to a length of 60 cm. Then, find the internal resistance of the
cell.
a) 2 ohms b) 5 ohms c) 3 ohms d) 4 ohms
Answer: d
Explanation:
 l1 = 120 cm; l2 = 60 cm; R = 4 ohms
 Internal resistance (r) = [(l2–l1)/I2] × R = [(120–60)/60] × 4 = 60/60 × 4= 4 ohms
 Therefore, the internal resistance is 4 ohms.

204. A potentiometer has uniform potential gradient. The specific resistance of the material of the
potentiometer wire is 10-9Ωm and the current passing through it is 0.5A and the cross sectional
area of the wire is 10-8m2. Calculate the potential gradient along the potentiometer wire.
a) 0.5 × 10-9 V/m b) 0.5 × 10-8 V/m c) 0.5 × 10-1 V/m d) 0.5 × 10-15 V/m
Answer: c
Explanation:
 Resistance of a wire = Ꝭl/A,
where Ꝭ is the specific resistance of the material of the wire.
 Potential gradient = V/l → (IR)/l → {I(Ꝭl/A)}/l = Ꝭl/A = 0.5 × (10−9/10−8) = 0.5 × 10-1 V/m
 Therefore, the potential gradient is equal to 0.5 × 10-1 V/m.

205. Pick out the application of potentiometer from the following.

a) It measures current b) It measures internal resistance
c) It measures external resistance d) It is used to compare two currents
Answer: b
Explanation:
 Potentiometer is an electric instrument used to measure internal resistance,
electromotive force (emf), and it is also used for comparing the emfs of different cells.
 Potentiometer can be used as a variable resistor as well.

205.Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason.
While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four
responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Q.1. Assertion : In a simple battery circuit, the point of the lowest potential is positive terminal of
the battery.
Reason : The current flows towards the point of the higher potential, as it does in such a circuit
from the negative to the positive terminal.

Answer d

Q.2. Assertion : A larger dry cell has higher emf.

Reason : The emf of a dry cell is proportional to its size.

Answer d

Q.3. Assertion : A current continues to flow in superconducting coil even after switch is off.
Reason : Superconducting coils show Meissner effect.

Answer b

Q.4. Assertion : Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the circuit.

Reason : Resistance of a voltmeter is very large.

Answer b

Q.5. Assertion : Ohm’s law is applicable for all conducting elements.

Reason : Ohm’s law is a fundamental law.

Answer c

Q.6. Assertion : An electric bulb becomes dim, when the electric heater in parallel circuit is
switched on.
Reason : Dimness decreases after sometime.

Answer b

206. Assertion : The resistivity of a semiconductor increases with temperature.

Reason:The atoms of a semiconductor vibrate with larger amplitude at higher temperatures
thereby increasing its resistivity                                         
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: D
Solution :
Resistivity of a semiconductor decreases with the temperature. The atoms of a
semiconductor vibrate with larger amplitudes at higher temperatures thereby increasing it's
conductivity not resistivity.

207. Assertion: In a simple battery circuit the point of lowest potential is positive terminal of
the battery
Reason: The current flows towards the point of the higher potential as it flows in such
a circuit from the negative to the positive terminal.

A) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
E) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: D
Solution :
            It is quite clear that in a battery circuit, the point of lowest potential is the negative
terminal of the battery and the current flows from higher potential to lower potential.

208. Assertion  :The temperature coefficient of resistance is positive for metals and negative
for p-type semiconductor.
Reason :The effective charge carriers in metals are negatively charged
whereas in p-type semiconductor they are positively charged.  
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)   If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)   If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: B
Solution :
                   The temperature co-efficient of resistance for metal is positive and that for
semiconductor is negative. In metals free electrons (negative charge) are charge carriers
while in P-type semiconductors, holes (positive charge) are majority charge carriers.

209. Assertion :In the following circuit emf is 2V and internal resistance of the cell is 1 W
and R = 1W, then reading of the voltmeter is 1V. 

Reason  :V=E−ir where E = 2V,  i=2/2=1A  and R = 1 W         

A) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)  If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
 Here, E=2V,
 I=2/2=1A and r=1Ω
Therefore,  V=E−ir=2−1×1=1V
210.Assertion: There is no current in the metals in the absence of electric field.
Reason :Motion of free electron are randomly.  
A) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)  If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            It is clear that electrons move in all directions haphazardly in metals. When an
electric field is applied, each free electron acquire a drift velocity. There is a net flow of
charge, which constitute current. In the absence of electric field this is impossible and hence,
there is no current.

211.
Assertion : Electric appliances with metallic body have three connections, whereas an
electric bulb has a two pin connection.
Reason :Three pin connections reduce heating of connecting wires.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)   If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)   If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)   If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: C
Solution :
            The metallic body of the electrical appliances is connected to the third pin which is
connected to the earth. This is a safety precaution and avoids eventual electric shock. By
doing this the extra charge flowing through the metallic body is passed to earth and avoid
shocks. There is nothing such as reducing of the heating of connecting wires by three pin
connections.

211. Assertion : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire will decrease, if the
temperature of the wire is increased.
Reason :On increasing temperature, conductivity of metallic wire decreases.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: B
Solution :
            On increasing temperature of wire the kinetic energy of free electrons increase and so
they collide more rapidly with each other and hence their drift velocity decreases. Also when
temperature increases, resistivity increase and resistivity is inversely proportional to
conductivity of material.

212.
Assertion : The electric bulbs glows immediately when switch is on.
Reason : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire is very high.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: C
Solution :
            In a conductor there are large number of free electrons. When we close the circuit,
the electric field is established instantly with the speed of electromagnetic wave which cause
electron drift at every portion of the circuit. Due to which the current is set up in the entire
circuit instantly. The current which is set up does not wait for the electrons flow from one
end of the conductor to the another end. It is due to this reason, the electric bulb glows
immediately when switch is on.

213.
Assertion : Bending a wire does not effect electrical resistance.
Reason :Resistance of wire is proportional to resistivity of material.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)  If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            Resistance wire  R=ρlA.
 where r is resistivity of material which does not depend on the geometry of wire. Since
when wire is banded, resistivity, length and area of cross-section do not change,
therefore resistance of wire also remain same.
214. Assertion :In meter bridge experiment, a high resistance is always connected in series
with a galvanometer.
Reason :As resistance increases current through the circuit increases.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)  If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: C
Solution :
            The resistance of the galvanometer is fixed. In meter bridge experiments, to protect
the galvanometer from a high current, high resistance is connected to the galvanometer in
order to protect it from damage.

215. Assertion : Voltmeter measures current more accurately than ammeter.

Reason  :Relative error will be small if measured from voltmeter.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            Voltmeter measures current indirectly in terms of mass of ions deposited and
electrochemical equivalent  of the substance  (I=m/Zt).
 Since value of m and Z are measured to 3rd decimal place and 5th decimal place
respectively. The relative error in the measurement of current by voltmeter will be very
small as compared to that when measured by ammeter directly.

216.
Assertion : Electric field outside the conducting wire which carries a constant current is
zero. Reason :Net charge on conducting wire is zero.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)   If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)   If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)   If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            When current flows through a conductor it always remains uncharged, hence no
electric field is produced outside it.

217.
Assertion :Electric field outside the conducting wire which carries a constant current is zero.
Reason  :Net charge on conducting wire is zero.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)   If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)   If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)   If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            When current flows through a conductor it always remains uncharged, hence no
electric field is produced outside it.

218. Assertion :The resistance of super-conductor is zero.

Reason :The super-conductors are used for the transmission of electric power.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)   If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)   If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)   If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: B
Solution :
            Here assertion and reason both are correct but the reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.

219. Assertion :A potentiometer of longer length is used for accurate measurement.

Reason  :The potential gradient for a potentiometer of longer length with a given
source of e.m.f. becomes small.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)  If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            Sensitivity ∝(1/Potential gradient)t∝(Length of wire)

220. Assertion : The e.m.f. of the driver cell in the potentiometer experiment should be
greater than the e.m.f. of the cell to be determined.
Reason :The fall of potential across the potentiometer wire should not be
less than the e.m.f. of the cell to be determined.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)   If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            If either the e.m.f. of the driver cell or potential difference across the whole
potentiometer wire is lesser than the e.m.f. of the experimental cell, then balance point will
not obtained.

221. Assertion : A person touching a high power line gets stuck with the line.
Reason :The current carrying wires attract the man towards it.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)  If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)  If assertion is true but reason is false.
D)  If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)  If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: D
Solution :
            Because there is no special attractive force that keeps a person stuck with a high
power line. The actual reason is that a current of the order of 0.05 A or even less is enough
to bring disorder in our nervous system. As a result of it, the affected person may lose
temporarily his ability to exercise his nervous control to get himself free from the high
power line.

222. Assertion :The connecting wires are made of copper.

Reason :The electrical conductivity of copper is high.
A)  If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B)   If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C)   If assertion is true but reason is false.
D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
E)   If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: A
Solution :
            Due to high electrical conductivity of copper, it conducts the current without offering
much resistance. The copper being diamagnetic material does not get magnetised due to
current through it and hence does not disturb the current in the circuit

223. Assertion : In a simple battery circuit, the point of the lowest potential is positive terminal of
the battery.
Reason : The current flows towards the point of the higher potential, as it does in such a
circuit from the negative to the positive terminal.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer :d

224.Assertion : A larger dry cell has higher emf.

Reason : The emf of a dry cell is proportional to its size.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer :d

225.Assertion : A current continues to flow in superconducting coil even after switch is off.
Reason : Superconducting coils show Meissner effect.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: b

226.Assertion : Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the circuit.

Reason : Resistance of a voltmeter is very large.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: b

227. Assertion : Ohm’s law is applicable for all conducting elements.

Reason : Ohm’s law is a fundamental law.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: c

228. Assertion : An electric bulb becomes dim, when the electric heater in parallel circuit is
switched on.
Reason : Dimness decreases after sometime.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer : b