Open-Ended Project

Objectives:
The objectives of this project is to:
1. Perform load flow analysis of a simple power system using any suitable power system
simulation software (such as CYME PSAF, Power World Simulator, ETAP etc.).

2. Analyze system parameter changes' effects and investigate different out-of-limit

problems (such as under-voltage, overload, over-voltage, etc.).

3. Suggest suitable solutions to the out-of-limit problems.

Problem Statement:

Consider the following single-line diagram of a 7-bus power system.

#1 #2 #4 #3

#5 #6 #7

Fig. 1: Single-line diagram of a 7-bus power system.

The line, transformer bus and loading information are given below in Table 1-5.
Table 1: Line models
ID Tag KV Level Ampacity (A) R1 (Ω/km) X1 (Ω/km) B1 (μS/km)
L1 132 800 0.4 2.4 155.5
L2 132 400 0.3 2.1 145.5
 Table 2: Line connections and their lengths
From Bus To Bus Line Type Length (km)
2 6 L1 25 + x.xx
4 7 L1 25 + x.xx
2 4 L2 20 + x.xx
6 7 L2 20 + x.xx
where x.xx is the last three digits of your student ID.

Table 3: Fixed tap transformer data

Nominal Primary Secondary Pos. Seq. Max Load
ID. Tag X/R ratio
MVA kV kV Z (pu) (MVA)
T12 400 11 (D) 132 (Yg) 0.015 12.5 + x.xx 400
T34 200 11 (Y) 132 (Y) 0.012 12.0 + x.xx 200
T56 250 11 (D) 132 (D) 0.024 12.0 + x.xx 250

Table 4: Generator data

ID Rated Rated Active Max. Min. Winding
Type
TAG kV MVA Generation MVAR MVAR Connection
G1 Swing 11.0 650 - - - Delta
G3 Voltage 11.0 550 400 200 -100 Y
Controlled
G5 Voltage 11.0 400 200 100 -100 Y
Controlled

Table 5: Bus and loading information

Bus No. Bus Name Base kV Operating kV Limits PL (MW) QL (MVAR)
1 B1 11.0
2 B2 132.0 200.0 30.0
3 B3 11.0 90% - 110% 60.0 8.0
4 B4 132.0 of 200.0 20.0
5 B5 11.0 the Base kV 50.0 5.0
6 B6 132.0 100.0 30.0
7 B7 132.0 200.0 50.0
At first, rewrite the problem statement for your student ID. Then,

a) Perform load flow analysis of the above-mentioned power system with the help of any
suitable power system simulation software (such as CYME PSAF, Power World Simulator,
ETAP etc.).

b) Investigate the out-of-limit problems from your simulation results and solve the issue of the
overloaded transformers if there are any.
c) Suggest a suitable method so that the voltage magnitude of bus 7 becomes 95% of the base
kV for the power system of (b).

d) Multiply the Pos. Seq. Z (pu) of the transformers by a factor of (2 + x.xx) and increase the R1
(Ω/km) of the transmission lines by 0.xxx (Ω/km) in the power system of (b). Now, analyze
the effects of these changes on the power solution of (b).

Here x.xx and 0.xxx are the last three digits of your student ID.

(Hints: Compare in terms of voltage profiles of the buses (especially bus 7), MW generation
of the generators (especially swing generator), MW loading and losses of the transformers,
MW loading and losses of the transmission lines and so on.)

Submission Deadline: 29 Sept., 2022.