Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of

Engineering Sciences and Technology

Project ME-231
Name: Syed Hamza Ali
Reg No: 2021618
Faculty: FME
Section: E
 Table of contents

1. Problem Statement

2. Assumptions

3. Key words

4. Solution for initial condition

4.1. Program code
4.2. Solution Diagrams
4.3. Calculations
4.4. Analysis

5. Solution for varied inlet conditions (Temperature)

5.1. Program code
5.2. Solution Diagrams
5.3. Analysis

6. Solution for varied inlet conditions (Mass flow rate)

6.1. Program code
6.2. Solution Diagrams
6.3. Analysis

7. Comparison of Mass flow rates

8.
Problem statement

Figure above provides steady-state data for a throttling valve in series with a heat
exchanger. Saturated liquid Refrigerant 134a enters the valve at T1 = 36 C with a mass
flow rate of 0.26 kg/s and is throttled to T2=-8 C. The refrigerant then enters the heat
exchanger, exiting as saturated vapor with no significant decrease in pressure. In a
separate stream, liquid water enters the heat exchanger at T4 =20 C and exits as a liquid at
T5 =10 C. Stray heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored.
Determine (a) the pressure at state 2, in kPa, and (b) the mass flow rate of the liquid
water stream, in kg/s.

Assumptions

• No heat loss to surroundings

• No heat gain from surroundings
• Negligible change in kinetic and potential energies

Key words

Mflow_1 = Mass flow rate of refrigerant R134a

Mflow_2 = Mass flow rate of Water
Qflow_in = heat released by refrigerant
Qflow_out = heat released by water
 Solution for initial condition

Program code
"State 1"

T_1=36[C]
mflow_1=0.26[kg/s]
x_1=0
h_1=enthalpy(R134a,T=T_1,x=0)
P_1=pressure(R134a,T=T_1,x=0)
v_1=volume(R134a,T=T_1,x=0)

“State 2”

T_2=-8[C]
h_2=h_1
x_2=quality(R134a,T=T_2,h=h_2)
P_2=pressure(R134a,T=T_2,h=h_2)
v_2=volume(R134a,T=T_2,h=h_2)

“State 3”

T_3=T_2
P_3=P_2
h_3=enthalpy(R134a,T=T_3,x=1)
v_3=volume(R134a,T=T_3,x=1)

“State 4”

T_4=20[C]
x_4=0
h_4=enthalpy(Water, T=T_4,x=x_4)
P_4=pressure(Water, T=T_4,x=x_4)
v_4=volume(Water, T=T_4,x=x_4)

“State 5”

T_5=10[C]
x_5=0
P_5=P_4
h_5=enthalpy(Water,T=T_5,x=x_5)
v_5=volume(Water,T=T_5,x=x_5)
Qflow_out=mflow_1*(h_3-h_2)
Qflow_in=mflow_2*(h_4-h_5)
mflow_2=Qflow_out/(h_4-h_5)

“Plot”

P[1]=P_1 v[1]=v_1 T[1]=T_1

P[2]=P_2 v[2]=v_2 T[2]=T_2
P[3]=P_3 v[3]=v_3 T[3]=T_3
Solution diagrams

Figure 1; Pv diagram for R134a State 1 to 3 Figure 2; Tv diagram for R134a State 1 to 3

Calculations

Figure 3; Values computed using EES for T=36

Analysis

The plots show R134a always remained in saturated liquid vapor mixture region during the
process. At state 1 the fluid was a saturated liquid, at state 2 it became a liquid vapor
mixture and it turned into a saturated vapor at stage 3.
The Temperature and Pressure initially at state 1 was 36°C and 912.4 kPa which decreased
to -8°C and 217.1 kPa respectively. The values remained constant from state 2 to 3.

1
 Solution for varied inlet conditions (Temperature)

Program Code

We vary only the initial temperature T1 over a range of values ranging from 0°C to 80°C and
plot all the variations on a single Pv and Tv diagram to show the relation.

Solution diagrams

Figure 4; Pv diagram

Figure 5; Tv diagram
Analysis

Multiple changes in property values were caused due to increase/decrease in temperature.

As shown in the graphs, increasing the Temperature during state 1 to 2 from 0°C to 80°C
also increased:
• The Enthalpy of refrigerant R134a and
• The Pressure
On the other hand, increasing the temperature decreased the Mass flow rate of the
refrigerant.
All the values of Temperature and Pressure remained constant from state 2 to 3 with
Enthalpy increasing.
 Solution for varied inlet conditions (Mass Flow Rate)

Program Code

We vary only the mass flow rate of refrigerant R134a while keeping the Temperature and
Pressure at initial conditions and plotting all the variations on a single Pv and Tv diagram to
show the relation.

Solution Diagrams

Figure 6; Values computed using EES for mass flow rate= 0.15

Figure 6; Values computed using EES for mass flow rate= 0.5

Figure 7; Values computed using EES for mass flow rate= 1.0
Analysis

Changing the mass flow rate had no impact on the Temperature, Pressure and Enthalpy of
the solvent hence the exact same Pv and Tv graph would be displayed as shown in figure 1
and 2.
However, the mass flow rate of water increased with the increase in mass flow rate of the
refrigerant as shown in the figures 5, 6 and 7.

Comparison of Mass flow rates