BOILER FEED WATER

known as
feed
feed pump is
through
feed in boiler
BOILER FEED WATER QUALITY Water used to
rises by
water temperature
where its
outlet

CONTROLAND SYSTEMS
economiser,
water first feed in then this econ omiser
This frorn boiler
transfer
outlet gases
heat drum.
SANJAY CHAUHAN
transfer into the boiler
water
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF SUGAR ENGINEERING
the
Shape of water
b e t w e e n two
hydrogens and
covalent bonds
Water is made by the
oxygen. angle of 105 degree.
oxygen at an

The two hydrogen and single

BOILER FEED WATER AND CONDENSATE TYPES OF CONDENSATE WATER

Boiler feed water available either by treated water by treatment A. EXHAUST CONDENSATE ( FIRST CONDENSATE)

through RO or DM water system. B. VAPOUR CONDENSATE (SECOND CONDENSATE)

Aiter passing water through these system, the hardness & impurities
of water removes.
This water is stored in a tank known as feed tank.
A.EXHAUST CONDENSATELFIRSTCONDENSATE)
In industries condensate water generated by applying live steam or
Most of the feed water available in the form of condensate water. exhaust steam in clandria of VC-1and quad 1st body etc are known as
exhaust condensate or first condensate.

Exhaust condensate is the pure form of water and always utilized for
boiler feed water.

IT the vapour condensate used as feed water then after boiling t s r

B.VAPOUR CONDENSATE Teduces up to 5 to 6 due to dissolved gasses like ammon:a(Nh3)

lo maintain PH> 7 this vapour condensate should be tre ated oy

I sugar incustries
applied
on
required dosing of PH booster regular.
condensate water
vapour
n e r a t e d from own as

VC-2, Juice heaters, and ans

ond bcdy of are Kno
evaporator,
VEpour condensate.
in vapour condensate
r there is chances of contarnination of juice
UTILIZATION OF CONDENSATE:
densate or first condensate should be send to feed water tank to
condensate water. avoided to use use in boiler
as feed water through feed
Gcnerelly second condensate/vapour condensate shouia pumps.
o n d condensate
as Teed water. or vapour condensate may be utinzeu
n
it tactory need to use the second should
be
regularlyY
Washing of filter cakes, dilution of molasses tc.
t
ecred by boiler
chemist for
condensate traCe
T quality
its lIke
watet.
PHIS7and sugar traces is nil then DE used
it will be
as feed

n i then it wil
 02-11-2022

MECHANICAL METHOD TO REMOVE DISSOUVEDGASSES FROM WATER

MAKE UP WATER
of
requirements
boiler to
fulfil the De-aeration: Dearation of foed
dretion of fred water is to be carried out in De-3erator,
required to De aerator wate
The additional
water
is a tank
boiler is known as
make up water.
reasons
water i.e. 0Rspecialy specially designed to remove dissolved gasses teed in

due to following steam These

Make up water required through joints & steam temperatureirviharmfsl for boiler tubes and attack to tubes at nigh
Due to leakages soot blowers, In De-aerator olved.
lost in atmosphere: operation of
Steam of safety valves, pressure
Ore of
wat
through atomised steam with direct contact at

ot
raps, operation of boiler.
range 0.3kg/cm2 to 0.45 kg/cmz.
uSed in cleaning etc. blow down De-aerator is used to raise the water temperature near to boiling point
of piping &
Water lost to drain: washing out e scrubbinginaction of steam on water droplets strips the 02 & 02. Ard
lost into molasses: et In de-aerator vent.
Steam partialy out e c t contact of steam and feed water dissolved gasses 2re 2scape
Washing out of pan
Dilution of molasses

CHEMICAL METHOD FEED WATER PUMP

There should be two feed water pumps required for a
Pumps may be of either motor driven or turbine driven.
boiler

The reagent used to escape out dissolved gasses like Oz and CO2 are:
At delivery of pump there should be delivery valve and non returm
1. Sodium Sulphite valve, the purpose or while toavoid risS, Wnen pump s stODpe or
towards the teed tank, the
2. Hydrazine the water running back trom the boiler
delivery valve does not ciose property.
Capacity of feed water tank: The capacity of feed pump should be 25% more than the boler feed
It is estimation that in sugar plant there is fluctuation in steam demand capacity at full load.
is +/-25% on normal consumption, the main increase or decrease in at 25% higher pressure then certitied
It should be able to operate
for ex. 30 kg/cm> and 50TPH boiler.
consumption during the hours in which it OCCurs represent only +/ boiler working pressure
15% of the average consumption of the day or for the week. Certified pressure of a boiler 30 kg/c
An excess pressure reterred to open safety vave 15 kg/ cm
Head loss is piping 1.0 kg/cm

Gravity head corresponding o negnt o lDoE 0 to12 mtr =1,.2 kalcom2

FEED WATER PIPES
Head loss in economiser
=1.0 kg/cm2
Head loss in regulated valve to m out
eet o
meet ut foilowing
=2.0 kg/cm be
shouldoe
cnosen to
chosen

while is laken as about 5% of the total of plpe sthua oilers

boile
A safety margin =1.9
kg/cm? The
diameter
equiremet
or nign
pressure

proceeding velocities
tailk
to the pump

Suction pipe froni to the

boiler 3 m/s
punup
tron
ppe 4.5m/s
Delivery
therefore net velocity
 FEED WATER TEMPERATURE VWATER
REACTION OF FEED

on its pH. It is
at a
Feed water temp. should be maintained as high as possible.
properties of water depend
feed tor alkaline value.
The corrosive
not for a pH
of 7, but a sightly
minimum, this is done by
As increase of 6'C in teed water temp. Corresponds approx. to saving is maintained corrosion and
A certaln alkalinity
hydroxyI OH
jons
feed water.
into the
of fuel is 1%.
Introducng
protective film of
ferrous hydrate is formed
pH 9 Is reached,
a
When
On m e t a Surtace.

less O, at higher temp. therefore risk of that pH of 8.5 in the feed tank.
The water dissolve
.

recommended
It is
25'C is 11
will also be reduced.
for the water in boiler pl n e a s u r e d at
drurn during running f boiler pH range is 10.5 to
Generally in boiler
11.

HARDNESS TYPES OF HARDNESS

This is the indicator of insufficient treatment of feed water and they
will lead to scaling on boiler tubes.
Hardness is perhaps the most trouble some of all water impurities.
It may cause scale formation of boiler.
Hardness is found in water due to preference of soluble compound of
talcium & magnesium in the from calcium carbonate & magnesium
carbonate.
Temporary hardness - (carbonate/bicarbonates of -Ca &Mg)
Permanent hardness -(sulphate/chlorides of - Ca & Mg)
Temporary hardness caused by bicarbonates & carbanates of Ca &
Mg
In the boiler drum at high pressure & temperature the bicarbonates
breaks into carbonates and hydrOxide, scale (soft)
MgCo + H,0 MgOH), Co;

The scale are

porous &soft sludge.
EFFECT OF SCALE FORMATION
ihis can be removed the boiler by continuous blow dow
responsible T0 Heat transfer reduces.
Chiorides, Sulphate
permanent hard
& nitrates of Ca & Mg are

Bursting of boiler tubes may be possible.

hese salts deposits as scale on the boiler drums & *boiler ruDe
because Turbine, valves & pipes line also aftected.
Thisscale formation is metals surface
very harmful for
educes heat transfer from flue to
gases wale

3
 WATER LIMITS
RECOMMONDED ABMA & ASME BOILER

0.1-005 D.1-0Cs
BOILER
WATER
150-750 125-bs 100 50
50 200 150
UKANY 350

10

200-122 0 50
CONDUCM 1OD-5400 3800 001500

20

.00 O.C07 0.007 a.007 a007

TOTA .03 DL5 O.02 0.02 0.01

0.01
FePPM)
O.015 0.01 01 0.0
 02-11-2022

INDUCED DRAUGHT Draught is independent of hotair column in chimney

Therefore goses may be as let out cold as perit but
above the due point temperature offlue gases at which
is produced by ID fan which is installed
Induced draught Consideration will stort.
near the chimney.
it fo the Function of chirnney in this case is to remo1a hazord
If sucks in gas from the boiler side & dischorge
stacks.
gases ot height irn pen atnosphere.
The suction head produced by induced draught (IDJfan
depends upon the draught requiremenfs.
in the flue, furnace & economiser efc.
After the drop
Fincly suction head should be availoble fo draw in ar
through the bed

BALANCED DRAUGHT
FORCED DRAUGHT

I t is the combination of forced draught and

Forced draughi fan is used where air heater is
purpose of forcec
s/stem. The
instaled. as well os horse shoe, ward furnace and induced draught
draught is to force the air to fumace bed or fue
spreoder sfoker Tumace.
bed on top of grote
Air may be passed through air pre heater.
In forced draught a fan is installed near or at base
heater and Beyond the furnace it is function of incucec
of boiler to force air through the air
through the furnace. flues, draught fan to withdraw the gases throuS
other passes flues, economiser, air preheater etc -
economiser, air heater etc. to the stack.
discharge to the top of the stack.

CHIMNEY DIAMETER
CHIMNEY HEIGHT

Let tne ciaug)nt h9c coilmn sh

L e t us asurne eighl 1he chirriney ={lr)
h-353H["/ 1m n of witer coiumn
Heighto ht fG YOs is=H Let us ihe kois Cud
c icn ihen h e veiociy ot the fue go in ne

M a s s o f i r used per kg of tyelE n in rg CNiniGy

13 s root (H-Ht)
clilnEY J2s in "K V=Sqr o o r g i t i
MEan absouie eriErgtrE ot K.Sq ro.
Tabsolute 1erperature of oylside jir I i ' r
K 4.43.Sq ro F . o T O DICk Chimney
-1] and to sleelctimticy
H=H[(m/n+ 1) .T/T
I n tefm cdrJUghl we Can dlso il1lale
irhfi-y .-4.43 to01 432983 Hf-93 83 H %
height by H/H'=1{.1/4 to

Thus ric ion losses

Y 6'* hd
ivdiie d augnt is responsibie
353H[I/T-fm+|)/m .1/T)
mn of wglet oluIN C I e a n 9 Ve Cily
n

2
 02-11-2022

DRAUGHT

Force need to draw of flue gas Is thne

draught. This force is due to the small pressure
difference in the stream or the Current of gas
NATURAL AND BALANCED or air which cause the flow to toke piace.

DRAUGHT In boiler to support combustion,it is necessary

AJAY CHt JAN to supply a quanfity of gir and to remove the
SSISTATT 8 OFESSOR OF SUGAR ENGINEERING
products of combustion by means of
draught.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRAUGHT MEASUREMENT OF DRAUGHT

Draught is always measured by Manometer

It is primary& basic method instrument to mecsure the

Natural Chimney draught
2. Artificial draught
induced draught ( by ID fan )
. Forced draught (by FD fan)
Balanced draught (by both ID & FD fan)
draught.
I t expressed in mm of water column. Ifs shcpe s - ncpe
fube of glass with scaie mounted here.
Ufube is filled with water 8 one end manoma
connecied to ihe chimney at which craugnt s to oE
measured& other end is expOsed to open atmesonere.
Due todraught in both U tube legs water level cia, we
measure the difference in level on scale, whicn s CUCI
fo draughf in mm of water column.

ARTIFICIAL DRAUGHT

IT Is draughi which is developed by ne

mechanical rotating devices called rans.

The purpose of chimney in ar tificial
araught is to release combustible gases at
fo avOd air
nelght n open atmosphere
pollution.
Chimney height is lesser in case of artitficial
araught in comparison to natfurat ciraugnt.