LEARNING AREA CIVICS 5

GRADING PERIOD FIRST QUARTER

TEACHER’S NAME ARJAY P .DUMALAOG, LPT
MODULE NO. MODULE 1.5 -1.6
DATE AUGUST 29 – SEPTEMBER 9, 2022

LEARNING COMPETENCIES: Examine the economic lifestyle of Filipinos in pre-colonial period

● Internal and external trade
● Type of livelihood (farming, fishing, borrowing, hunting, slash and burn
weaving, forging, weaving)
Examine the socio-cultural and political life of Filipinos
● Socio-cultural and political life of Filipinos (e.g. worship, boatbuilding,
decoration, holding the festival)
● Political (e.g. governing, legislating and litigation)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, the learner shall be able to:
1. analyze the economy of the early Filipinos
2. discuss the livelihood of the early Filipinos in relation to the environment, the tools that they
used and the product they produced in Pre-Colonial
3. discuss the role played by the economy to the development of the early civilization
4. explain the early religious beliefs and their influence on the daily living of the early Filipinos
5. compare the early beliefs to present to see what changed and what was retained
6. analyze the similarities and differences of the customs and traditions of the early Filipinos to
the present
7. value the importance of courtesy and love in shaping and promoting the Filipino Ancient
Culture

TOPICS: LIVELIHOOD OF EARLY FILIPINOS AND THEIR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS,

CUSTOMS, AND TRADITIONS

VALUE FOCUS: LOVE AND FILIAL PIETY

Direction: Let`s answer the following questions.

● How do you describe the way of living and technology of ancient Filipinos?
● What are the tools used by the ancient Filipinos that made their life more convenient?

The ancient Filipinos moved from one place to another to look for food and depended on their
environment for their needs. They were nomads until the time they learned to cultivate their lands and
produce food for themselves. The natural resources from the forests, plains, oceans and mountains
became basis for the kind of livelihood the ancient Filipinos engaged in. Economic activities took place as
they engaged with trading their surplus food using the barter system or exchange of products or goods.

Page 1 of 11
 AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOOD

Even before the Old Stone Age ended, the ancient Filipinos
already began to farm. The discovery of metals such as iron,
copper, and bronze further advanced the way of life of Filipinos.
Improved agricultural tools made the Filipinos stay in places where
they could farm. Thus, Agriculture became one of their primary
livelihoods of the early Filipinos.
The Filipinos had two systems of land cultivation. One is Kaingin
system (Upland), in which the land was cleared by burning the
bushe sand shrubs, after which the same would be planted with
crops. The other method was the Tillage system (Lowland), which the
land was plowed and hallowed by a Carabao (Water Buffalo)
followed by planting. Rice, coconut, cotton and banana are some
examples of the crops they planted.
Some early Filipinos, notably the Ifugao’s, used irrigation to
increase their harvest. Their rice attest to this agricultural method.

FISHING INDUSTRIES

Fishing were also our ancestors` important means of livelihood. The insular
characteristic of the Philippines was also beneficial to the ancient Filipinos as a
good source of their fishing activities. Fishing net, bait, basket, and poison
were used in fishing. The poison they used came from the sap of plant roots
and leaves. This poison would not kill the fish but only cause dizziness, and
neither would it affect the people who will eat the fish.
Aside from fishing, the ancient Filipinos also dived for pearls and corals. The
pearls and shells were made into jewelries and other ornaments. They also
traded these pieces of jewelry for food and other industries.

Page 2 of 11
 MINING INDUSTRIES

Another economic activity during the ancient times is mining. Gold was
the primary natural resource mined by the ancient Filipinos.

In the Visayas, according to American historian William Henry Scott,

the ancient Filipinos engaged in placer mining, or mining using pans
in rivers. Foreign traders exchanged their goods for our ancestors`
gold, silver, and copper works.

TRADING INDUSTRIES
The ancient Filipinos first traded with nearby barangays. It was during the
latter part of the Metal Age when the ancient Filipinos started to trade with
neighboring countries. Barter of the exchange of products and services, was
their system of trade. The small barangays became centers of trade. They
usually traded rice, fish, copra, coconut, timber and gold. They also used
gold and corals as money and had tools for measuring and weighing the
volume and cost of products.

The ancient Filipinos also traded with people from India, Indonesia, China,
and the Arabs. Trade between India and the Philippines was indirect.
According to research, products from India, such as crystals, beads, and
implements made of metal,
were brought to the Philippines from Indonesia. The trade between India,
Indonesia and the Philippines happened before 300 to 200
B.C.E. up to 500 C.E.

Meanwhile, the Philippines and China started to trade with each other from 900 to 1400 C.E. Chinese products include jars,
mirror, weighing scale, and jade. It was in the ninth century when the Filipinos started to trade with the Arabs. In the tenth
century, Sulu and Mindanao became centers of Muslim trade. The products brought by the Arabs include implements made
from bronze, linoleum and ceramics.
ILOILO BARTER COMMUNITY
The modern barter community in Iloilo Online barter trade grows
amid COVID-19 crisis.
No money? No problem?

Page 3 of 11
 OTHER INDUSTRIES

The ancient Filipinos also tended animals. They raised pigs, carabaos, chickens and
goats.
According to Filipino historian Teodoro Agoncillo, the ancient Filipinos may
have also raised elephants. This based on the existence of a Tagalog word for
elephants which “came from the Malay word "gadya”. The ancient Filipinos also
hunted. They used traps, such as pits, to catch big animals.

Aside from agricultural activities, there were industries that became sources of
livelihood of the ancient Filipinos. One of these is weaving. During the pre-
colonial times, it was usually the women who weave. They used cotton, abaca,
silk, kapok, rattan, and pina fibers were made into cloth. These cloths were
embroidered or dyed by our ancestors` skillful hands to make them more
attractive. Weaving, which had its roots from our ancestors, became
profitable industry of our present- day Filipinos.
An important livelihood during those times is boatmaking. There were Filipinos who made a living solely by
making boats. They were good ship builders and loggers. Being surrounded by water they need ships or boats to
carry products to different parts of the country. These boats were called banca, balangay, lapis, caracoa, virey,
vinta, and parau by the Spaniards when they arrived in the Philippines. Quality timber such as narra, molave and
lawaan which were found in our forests were used as materials for carving boats, wood utensils, and other things.
The ancient Filipinos also engaged in pottery making. Some of our ancestors were also good in making
arms and tools like bolos, spears, bows and arrows, knives and canons called lantakas.

The existence of these industries in the Philippines during the early periods shows that our Filipino ancestors showed
a high level of culture.
What are the impact of the Barter System in our Community
The Barter System had a great impact in boosting the sense of Bayahanihan and trust within the people during the
sense of pandemic.
During the pandemic, many people are affected and struggling to find means of their needs. Through the
exchange system called Barter, people were able to exchange goods to provide their necessities. This had brought
the Bayanihan spirit among the people in the community. Everyone is willing to help and love one another despite
of these change, to adapt in the new normal life.

This build the trust, the love and the care among the people as well. Since mostly well be making transactions with
strangers. The product condition and transactions were all done through a Facebook post and this could really
matter if the person that you are transactiong with is reliable. But still, at the end of the day, many people are
happy and satisfied with the goods that they have exchanged with.

Even before the Philippines was colonized, the ancient Filipinos already have a rich civilization, which was
witnessed by its first foreign visitors. It was these foreign visitors and traders who recorded in the history of their
country, a picture of the Philippines that had an effective trade system and rich culture, made more colorful by, its
contact with its foreign neighbors. Answer the activity in the worksheet and try to get to know the different customs
and traditions that we have as Filipinos.

Even before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, the Philippines already has a rich culture that we can be proud of
until the present. Culture pertains to a person's way of life. It includes his beliefs, customs, religion and values. The ancient
Filipinos were able to showcase their culture through their beliefs, arts, literature and values. Find out how the ancient
Filipinoslived. Find out as well how culture was transferred from generation to generation.

Please Answer WORKSHEET 1.5-1.6 August 29 – September 9, 2022 Activity #1-2 : Page 10

Page 4 of 11
 BELIEFS OF THE ANCIENT FILIPINOS

The ancient Filipinos had many distinctive customs. Some of these are the following:

❖ CLOTHING AND ACCESSORIES

Ancient Filipino men wore an upper garment called
kanggan (kangan). The color of the kanggan was dependent on
the status of the person wearing it—red forthe datu and blue or
black for men with a lower status than the datu. Their lower
garment is called a bahag.
They wore in their head what was called a putong. Like the
kanggan, the putong reflected the status of its wearer.For
example, red putong was worn by men who had their first kill.
Men who have killed seven men or more wore a putong with an
embroidered design.
The women wore baro as an upper garment. For their lower garment, they wore a loose skirt called
saya by the Tagalogs and patadyong by the Visayans. They also usually wore a red or white tapis around their
waist.
❖ MARRIAGE CUSTOMS
Traditionally, the earlt Filipinos married within their class. Thus,
noble marries a woman of his rank; a freeman of his class; and a
slave of his status. However, there is no rigid prohibition against
intermarriages between a noble and a freeman and a dependent.
As a condition to a marriage, the man gives the
following to the family of the bride:
1. Bigay-kaya – literally “ what one is capable of giving” consisted of land, gold, or slaves. The
bigay kaya was a material expression to preserve marriage. In case of divorce, when
the husband causes it, he loses the bigay-kaya; if the wife does, her parents return it.
2. Panghimuyat – a certain amount given to the bride-to-be`s parents as a payment for the
mother`s rearing of the girl.
3. Bigay-suso – a form of payment given to the girl`s wet nurse for feeding her during infancy.
4. Himaraw – another sum of money given to the girl`s parents as reimbursement for the amountspent
in feeding the girl during infancy.
Page 5 of 11
The groom also served the bride`s parents for months or for a certain period of time. He fetched water and
chopped wood for the girl`s family. He helped the girls father in his farming chores.
Ancient Filipino allowed divorce. The just causes of divorce were:
1. Adultery on the part of the wife
2. Childlessness
3. Loss of love
4. Abandonment on the part of the husband

❖ BURIAL CUSTOMS
Because of the belief in life after death and in the immortality of the soul, ancient
Filipinos were very respectful of their dead. They embalmed their dead likethe Egyptian
and placed them in the jar called Manunggul, and buried them near their houses, complete
with gold, cloth, and other objects of value, for “if they departed rich, they would be well
received in the other world/, but coldly they wentpoor”.
The Cordillera natives mummified their dead in
sitting posture, placed them in caves, mouths of which were
covered with stones.
Relative of the dead wore rattan bands around their
necks, arms and legs during the lamentation. The people of
Luzon wore white garments and abstained from eating meat and
drinking wine during the period of mourning.
Mourning for a dead chieftain was called the Laraw;for a
dead man, Maglahe; and for a dead woman, Morotal.
During the Laraw , the quarrels were forbidden; spears
were carried with blades pointing down, knives hilt reversed.
Colored clothes were prohibited during mourning.On a boat
returning to the village of the dead, no one may sing.
If the principal mourner is a chieftain, and the deceased
was a man, Maglahe may be ended only after aman had been
captured in the battle.
The early Filipinos believed that the tattoo was a passport to
the other world, thus in life menand women tattooed their bodies
with elaborate figures.
A sudden death of a man/woman- killed by sword, lightning or wild animals was consideredhonorable and
his/her soul went straight to Caluwalhatian (hallowed abode) by means of the rainbow.

❖ MUSIC AND DANCE

The ancient Filipinos knew how to use instruments and make music.
Music accompanied their dances and other activities such as farming and
harvesting, as well as the important celebrations and rituals in their community.
Examples of their instruments are the gangsa, a kind of bronze gong used by the
natives of Cordillera; kaleleng of the Bontocs which is played using the nose; and
tambuli of the Tagalogs that is made of carabao horn.
They also had songs and dances for different occasions and activities. Through
dallot—a long verse articulated through song—the ancient Ilocanos serenaded their
beloved. Equivalent to the dallot is the ayeg-klu of the Igorots. They also
accompanied their stories and epics with music. They also had songs for war victories,
weddings, mourning, worship to gods, and gamesfor children.

The ancient Filipinos were also rich in traditional dances. Nature, such as the
movement of animals, became their primary inspiration in making dances. An
example of this is the Tinikling, which was inspired by the movements of the tikling
bird. They also had dances as part of their rituals such as the Pagdiwata—a
thanksgiving dance for a good harvest—of the Tagbanwas of Palawan. Many
dances were also associated with the economic activities of the ancient Filipinos.
Examples of these dances are the pagtatanim (rice planting) and Paggapas
(harvesting) of the Katagalugan and Pamulad Isda, a fish-dryingdance of Negros.
Page 6 of 11
Other examples of ancient dances are the Salidsid or courtship dance of the Kalingas; and Bangibang, a burial
dance of the Ifugaos for the departed who died a violent death.

❖ LITERATURE
The ancient Filipinos had two kinds of literature—the
oral and written form.
Examples of oral literature are the sabi (maxim),
sawikain (saying), bugtong (riddle), suliranin and
ulindanin (street songs) talindaw (boat song),
uyayi and hele (lullabies), and tigpasin (rowing
song). The ancient Filipinos also used literature to
explain how the world and mankind were created, and to narrate the
heroism of exceptional gods and men.
Examples of ancient written literature are the Darangan of the Maranaos and
Thalon of the Bicolanos. Tarsila on the other hand, tells
about the origin and ancestry of the people of Sulu and Maguindanao.

❖ ARTS
The Filipinos' resourcefulness and artistic skills are reflected in their
implements and war paraphernalia. Proof to this is the unearthedstone tools;
accessories made of corals and clay; jars used as burial vessel; and images
drawn in the caves of Angono and Palawan.

❖ LANGUAGE, WRITING SYSTEM AND EDUCATION

The ancient Filipinos had their system of writing, language and
education. Because the Filipinos were fragmented into groups, several
different languages were formed in the Philippines. It is said that the
ancient Filipinos had about 87 languages. These languages were
derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages. These include the
Tagalog,Ilocano, Bicolano, Pampango, and Pangasinense,

The alphabet used by the ancient Filipinos is called baybayin. It

is made up of 14 letters with three vowels and 17 consonants. The
ancient Filipinos used the bark of trees and the leaves of the banana
plant as paper; pointed and sharp metal and wood aspen; and plant
sap as ink. Meanwhile, informal education was implemented in the
Philippines in ancient times. This education took place in the home where
the parents transferred to their children the different knowledge and
skills. Part of the ancient youths' education was the skills in defending
oneself and economic activities such as hunting and fishing.

❖ BELIEF SYSTEM OF THE ANCIENT FILIPINOS

The ancient Filipinos believed that there are spirits that reside in their environment. Even inanimate
objects like rocks, mountains, lakes, etc. and natural phenomena like wind, thunder, and fire were said
to be inhabited by particular spirits, or governed by certain gods. The ancient Filipinos also believed
that things in nature such as the sun, mountains and rivers are home to their departed loved ones.
This belief is called animism. They believed in ancestral spirits called anito by the Tagalogs and diwata
by the Visayans. The anitos were either good or bad spirits and early Filipinos offered food and animal
sacrifices to appease or win the goodwill of these spirits.

Please Answer WORKSHEET 1.5-1.6 August 29 – September 9, 2022 Activity #3-4 : Page

Page 7 of 11
 This belief is called animism. They believed in ancestral spirits called anito
by the Tagalogs and diwata by the Visayans. The anitoswere either good
or bad spirits and early Filipinos o
There were ancient Filipinos who worshipped many gods
and believed that the world is sacred. They also believed that
there is one main god or Great Being who created the world,
heavens, and man. The name of this god varied depending on
the region. They worshipped a
Supreme Being they called Bathalang Maykapal of the
Tagalogs; Malyari or Namalyari of the Zambals;
Lumaweg of the Bontocs and Kankeys; Pamulak Manobo
of the Manobos; Abba by the Cebuanos;
Kabunyian by the Ifugaos; Kaptan, Dialan and Laon bythe
Visayans.
Other deities they worshipped were Idianale the god of
Agriculture; Agni the god of fire; Siginarungan the god of hell;
Dallang, god of beauty; Sidapa, the god of death; and Mandaragan
and Apolaki as the god of war.
Rituals were often performed by early Filipinos headed by
katalonans (to the Tagalogs) and babaylans (to the Visayans) as
mediators to the world of man and the world of gods and the departed.
Before the ancient Filipinos could begin to build houses, farms, and
travel, they asked the nature spirits for guidance and permission. Omens
were constantly watched for, especially beforelong journeys or the start
of important work.
While many Filipino tribes practice blood sacrifice, more
common were bloodless offerings like vegetables, plants, or palm leaf
books with prayers, supplication or praises. Sometimes small boats were
made on which feasts were prepared for the deity, andthe boat sent out
to the sea towards the horizon.
Rituals for good health involved a sacred bath in the river
where the people in the community would often sprinkle themselveswith
bundles of sacred herbs dipped in the river. The Filipinos often resorted to
the divination to ascertain the will of the gods, or the
winds of fate. Mediums and oracles were consulted and women were usually
playing these roles.
These beliefs and practices of the early Filipino society were
carried on even when the Spaniards conquered the country. These
practices about the spirits were something the Spanish priests tried to
eradicate. The Spanish told the indigenous Filipinos that these practices
were acts of devil or witches in order to persuade them to give up these
practices. In the end, however, it was the Filipinos who decided what the
religion should be like.

Time to Reflect!

Do you also practice the rituals and beliefs that we have discussed?
These ancient customs and traditions that we have are part of our roots as Filipinos. We should be proud of how
creative and beautiful our history is. One way that we could do to promote our Ancient Filipino culture is through
spreading our story not only here in the country but all over the world as well. We must love our own
culture,respect our own beliefs. This could be a big stepping stone for the foreign people will appreciate the
Filipinos before the colonization. Let’s take part in making a difference in promoting our identity through our
history and origin.

In a little way,howcan you show love to others in behalf of our differences in culture, beliefs and religion?

Page 8 of 11
M a j o r P e r f o r m a n c e T a s k : Photo Collage (Ancient History of the Philippines (Beliefs, Traditions, Customs,
and Livelihood) collab with: Art
Objective/s: The learners are expected to create a photo collage that represents the Ancient History of the
Philippines

Target skills:
o Civics – Learning Skills (SYS Vision)
o Arts – Learning Skills (Creativity)-+-

GRASPS: You were chosen to be the country’s representative in the international history and anthropology
convention. You are tasked to present a photo collage that represents the country’s ancient history. Part of your
presentation is to write 3 sentences as a description under your photo collage . Use a long sheet of bond paper
for your work. Your photo collage will be assessed with the use of rubric with a criterion of: Creativity, Content
Description and Timeliness.

Deadline: September 17, 2022

REFERENCES:

 Balagtas, Marilyn U. et al. Philippines’ Pride, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, (2016), pp. 69-74
 Evelina M. et al. One Country, One People, Gregorio Araneta Avenue: Quezon City, Vibal Group, Inc. (2015),
pp.75-86
 Balagtas, Marilyn U. et al. Philippines’ Pride, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, (2016), pp. 51-57
 Evelina M. et al. One Country, One People, Gregorio Araneta Avenue: Quezon City, Vibal Group, Inc. (2015),
pp.77-95

ARJAY P. DUMALAOG, LPT KAREN JOY DEL SOL, LPT NOVEE T. YAP, MAEd
Subject - Teacher ADC - Elementary School Principal

Page 9 of 11
 SUN YAT SEN HIGH SCHOOL OF ILOILO, INC.
Mapa Street, Iloilo City
Tel. No.: (033) 337-2335/ Fax (033) 335-135
email: tiongsan@yahoo.com
V- BENEVOLENT
Learner’s Name: Grade Level & Section:
BERRY
Teacher: ARJAY P. DUMALAOG, LPT Learning Area: CIVICS 5

WORKSHEET 1.5-1.6
August 29 –September 9, 2022

Activity #1: Test you Skills

Directions: Identify which one is different. Encircle the word that does not belong to the group based on the
discussion. Afterwards, explain what made the encircled word different from the rest of the group.
(AS) (10pts)

1. fishing farming pottery mining

2. diamond pearl fish coral

3. goat elephant carabao chicken

4. plow fishing net bait poison

5. pencil boat vinta caracoa

Activity #2: Test you Skills

Directions: Write True if the sentence is about the economy of the ancient Filipinos; False if otherwise. (AS) (5pts)

1. Farming is an agricultural activity.

2. The ancient Filipinos mine pearls.
3. Placer mining is done in the mountains.
4. Barter is the system of trade of the ancient Filipinos.
______ 5. The ancient Filipinos engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture

Page 10 of 11
 Activity #3: Test you Skills

Directions: Analyze the given pictures below. Name these different customs and traditions of the Filipinos. (AS) (10pts)

Activity#4: Test you

Skills
Directions: In 2-3 sentences, explain the given question below. Write your answer in the box. (AS) (5pts)

What religious beliefs of the ancient Filipinos are still believed by the present –day Filipinos? Why do you think these
beliefs and practices were carried on even when the Spaniards conquered the country?

Activity #5: Valuing

Directions: In 2-3 sentences, explain the given question below. Write your answer in the box. (AS) (5pts)

In a little way, how can you promote love and respect to others in behalf of our differences in religion, customs, traditions or
even our beliefs?

Page 11 of 11