TENSES

Tensesofv
erbsar
ethev
erb’
sinf
lect
ionst
hatconv
eyi
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
het
imeoft
heact
ions’
occur
rence.

TensesofVer
bs(For
ms)
Pr
esent Past Fut
ure
Si
mpl
e Si
mpl
ePr
esent Si
mpl
ePast Si
mpl
eFut
ure
For
m: For
m: For
m:
A.)Basef
orm oft
he A.Pastf
orm ofv
erb A.wi
l
l+ base f
orm of
v
erb(
pl.
) B.di
d+basef
orm ofhe t
hev
erb
B.Base f
orm of t
he v
erb B.be+goi
ngt
o+base
v
erb f
orm oft
hev
erb
+(
s)(
sing.
)

Pr
ogr
essi
ve Pr
esent Pr
ogr
essi
ve PastPr
ogr
essi
ve Fut
urePr
ogr
essi
ve
For
m: For
m: For
m:
am/
is/
are + pr
esent A.was/
wer
e + pr
esent A.wi
l
l+ be + pr
esent
par
ti
cipl
e par
ti
cipl
e par
ti
cipl
e

Per
fect Per
fectPr
esent PastPer
fect Fut
urePer
fect
For
m: A.had+pastpar
ti
ci
ple For
m:
A.has+pastpar
ti
cipl
e A.wi
l
l+ hav
e + past
(
sing.
) par
ti
cipl
e
B.hav
e+pastpar
ti
cipl
e
(
pl.
)
Per
fectPr
ogr
essi
ve Pr
esent Per
fect Past Per
fect Fut
ure Per
fect
Pr
ogr
essi
ve Pr
ogr
essi
ve Pr
ogr
essi
ve
For
m: A.had been + pr
esent For
m:
A.has been + pr
esent par
ti
cipl
e A.wi
l
l+hav
e+been+
par
ti
cipl
e(si
ng.
) pr
esentpar
ti
ci
ple
B.hav
ebeen+pr
esent
par
ti
cipl
e(pl
.)

SI
MPLEPAST
Mai
nMeani
ng
Thesi
mpl
epastt
ensei
susedi
nal
mostal
lact
ionsi
nthepast
;itcov
ersact
ionsdoneshor
tl
yordone
f
orar
elat
ivel
ylongper
iodoft
ime.Theonl
yti
mewhenwecannotuset
hisi
swhenwewantt
omeant
hat
t
heact
ionwasi
npr
ogr
essi
nthepastwhenanot
heract
ionoccur
red.Weusepastpr
ogr
essi
vef
ort
he
act
ioni
npr
ogr
esswhi
l
efort
hei
nter
rupt
ingact
ion,
weusesi
mpl
epast
.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Bot
hsi
mpl
epastandpastpr
ogr
essi
vear
eusedf
ort
empor
aryhabi
tsi
nthepast
.
Ex.
Si
mpl
ePast
:Her
an10ki
lomet
ersev
ery
dayt
opr
epar
efort
het
our
namentt
hatwashel
dlastweek.
PastPr
ogr
essi
ve:Hewasr
unni
ng10ki
lomet
ersev
ery
dayt
opr
epar
efort
het
our
namentt
hatwashel
d
l
astweek.

SI
MPLEPRESENT
Mai
nMeani
ng
Si
mpl
epr
esentmeanst
hatt
heact
ioni
sgener
alorusual
l
ytr
ue.I
tmeanst
hatt
heact
ionhappened
bef
ore,
sti
l
lhappeni
ngi
nthepr
esent
,andwi
l
lmostpr
obabl
ycont
inuet
ohappeni
nthef
utur
e.
Ex.I
trai
nsy
ear
lyi
nthe“
AllSoul
’
sDay
”.
Ex.Ev
eryt
imeshesmi
les,
myhear
tpumpsf
ast
er.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Usesi
mpl
epr
esentwhent
hest
atement
sar
eal
way
str
ue.
2.Usesi
mpl
epr
esentt
oindi
cat
ethatt
heact
ioni
shappeni
ngnotonl
ynow.
3.Al
someanst
hatt
heact
ioni
sahabi
torhappeni
ngi
nthepr
esent
.
Ex.
Hesmokesci
gar
ett
etost
resshi
msel
fout
.
4.Usesi
mpl
epr
esentwi
thst
ati
vev
erbst
omeant
hatt
heact
ioni
shappeni
ngexact
lyr
ightnowi
nst
eadof
usi
ngpr
esentpr
ogr
essi
ve.Exampl
eofst
ati
vev
er eknow,
bsar bel
i
eve,
look,
feel
,appr
eci
ate,
etc.
Ex.
Awkwar
d:Iam knowi
ngy
ou. Awkwar
d:Iam appr
eci
ati
ngy
ourgi
ft
.
Bet
ter
:Iknowy
ou. Bet
ter
:Iappr
eci
atey
ourgi
ft
.
5.Si
mpl
epr
esentt
ensecanbeusedf
orschedul
edev
ent
sint
hef
utur
e.Howev
er,
theuseoff
utur
etense
i
sjustasf
ineasusi
ngsi
mpl
epr
esent
.
Ex.
Si
mpl
ePr
esent
:Thet
rai
nar
ri
vest
omor
rowat8’
ocl
ocki
nthemor
ning.
Fut
ureTenses:Thet
rai
nwi
llar
ri
vet
omor
rowat8’
ocl
ocki
nthemor
ning.
6.I
nacademi
csi
tuat
ions,especi
all
ywhenwr
it
ingpaper
s,i
t’
str
adi
ti
onalt
ousesi
mpl
epr
esentast
he
mai
ntenset
otel
lthest
oryofawor
koff
ict
ionl
i
keanov
el,
apl
ay,
orashor
tst
ory
,ev
eni
fthewor
kit
sel
f
i
swr
it
teni
nthepastt
ense.Ot
hert
ensescanbeusedt
omaket
heor
deroft
heev
ent
scl
ear
er.Howev
er,
if
wet
ell
theev
ent
soft
hest
oryi
nor
dert
heyhappen,
thepr
esentper
fectorf
utur
etensesar
en’
tnecessar
y.
7.Si
mpl
epr
esentt
ensecanbeusedi
ntel
l
ingst
oryaboutt
hepast
.Howev
er,i
tshoul
dnotbeusedback
andf
ort
hwi
thot
herpastt
enses.
8.Usesi
mpl
epr
esenti
nst
eadoff
utur
et nf
ensesi ut
uret
imecl
ausesandi
f-
clauses.Ot
herpr
esentt
enses
canbeusedwi
thf
utur
eti
mecl
ausesandi
f-
clauses,
howev
er,
theyar
en’
tusual
l
ynecessar
y.
Ex:
Cor
rect
:Whenshear
ri
vest
omor
row,
Iwi
llcook.
Wr
ong:Whenshewi
llar
ri
vet
omor
row,
Iwi
llcook.
9.I
fthemai
ncl
auseofasent
enceusessi
mpl
epr
esentt
ense,t
henat
imecl
ausei
nthatsent
encewi
l
l
usual
l
yusesi
mpl
epr
esentt
oo.Howev
er,i
ftheact
ioni
nti
mecl
ausehappensf
ir
st,wecanal
souse
pr
esentper
fect
.

SI
MPLEFUTURE
Mai
nmeani
ng
Si
mpl
efut
uret
ensei
susedt
oexpr
essact
ionst
hatwi
l
lhappensoonerorl
ateraf
tert
hepr
esent
.Iti
s
usedf
orshor
torl
ongact
ionsandf
ort
empor
aryorper
manentf
utur
ehabi
ts/
act
ions.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Whenwear
emaki
ngpr
edi
cti
onsaboutt
hef
utur
e,wecanusebot
hthef
ormswi
l
l+basef
ormv
erband
be+goi
ngt
o+basef
ormv
erb.
2.I
nmaki
ngr
efusal
s,wecanuset
hef
ormswi
l
l+not+basev
erbf
orm andbe+not+goi
ngt
o+base
v
erbf
orm.
3.Whenwear
evol
unt
eer
ingt
ogi
vehel
porai
d,weuseonl
ythef
orm wi
l
l+basef
ormv
erb.
4.I
fwewantt
odescr
ibeacer
tai
npl
ant
hatwasmadei
nthepastbutwi
l
lonl
ybecompl
etedi
nthef
utur
e,
uset
hef
orm be+goi
ngt
o+basef
ormv
erb.
Ex.
Hei
sgoi
ngt
otaket
hePr
esi
dency
.
5.Uset
hef
orm be+goi
ngt
o+basef
ormv
erbf
orsomet
hingaboutt
ohappen.
6.Fut
uret
imecl
ausesandi
f-
clausesdon’
tusef
utur
etenses,t
heyusepr
esentt
enses,usual
l
ysi
mpl
e
pr
esent
.
Ex.
Whenhear
ri
vesher
etomor
row,
Iwi
l
lcookmyspeci
alt
y.
I
fhear
ri
vesher
etomor
row,
Iwi
llcookmyspeci
alt
y.
7.Whent
heact
ioni
naf
utur
eif
-cl
auseandt
imecl
ausei
sgoi
ngt
ost
artf
ir
standst
il
lbei
npr
ogr
esswhen
t
heot
heract
ionhappens,
weusepr
esentpr
ogr
essi
vef
ort
hef
ir
stact
ion.(
Simpl
epr
esenti
sal
socor
rect
f
ort
his.
)
8.I
ftheact
ioni
nthef
utur
eif
-cl
auseandf
utur
eti
mecl
ausehappensf
ir
stbutendsbef
oreanot
herf
utur
e
act
ion,
usepr
esentper
fectf
ort
hef
ir
stact
ion.(
Simpl
epr
esenti
sal
socor
rectf
ort
his.
)
9.I
fthei
fst
art
saf
utur
enouncl
ause,
wecanusef
utur
etensesi
ntheconv
ent
i .I
onalway fst
art
saf
utur
e
nouncl fwhet
ausei hercanbeoni
tspl
ace.
10.Hi
ghl
yunl
i
kel
yst
atement
saboutt
hef
utur
e(f
utur
eunr
eal
condi
ti
onal
s)usesi
mpl
epr
esent
.
 PASTPROGRESSI
VE
Mai
nmeani
ng
I
tsi
mpl
ymeanst
hatt
heact
ionhappenedov
ert
imei
nthepast
.Inmanycases,si
mpl
epastcanbe
usedi
npl
aceofpastpr
ogr
essi
ve.

ADDI
TIONALS
1.Theonl
yti
met
hatweneedt
opr
eferpr
esentpr
ogr
essi
veov
ersi
mpl
epasti
swhenwewantt
oexpr
ess
anact
iont
hatwasi
npr
ogr
esswhenanot
herpastact
ionhappened.
Ex.
Wi
thpastpr
ogr
essi
ve:Shewaswat
chi
ngT.
V.whenLi
tocame.
Wi
thsi
mpl
epast
:Shewat
chedT.V.whenLi
tocame.
Not
ethatt
hesecondsent
encenowmeant heshewat
hatt chedT.
V.onl
yaf
terLi
tocame.
2.Si
ngl
eact
ionsi
nthepast
When we wantt
o ex
presssi
ngl
e act
ionsended i
nthepast
,bot
hthe si
mpl
epastand past
pr
ogr
essi
vewor
k.Theonl
yexcept
ioni
sthatwedon’
tusest
ati
vev
erbswi
thpastpr
ogr
essi
ve.
3.Pr
ogr
essi
veact
ionst
hatwasi
nter
rupt
edbyanot
heract
ion.
I
nthi
scase,
wear
erequi
redt
ousepastpr
ogr
essi
vef
ort
hepastact
iont
hatwasi
nter
rupt
ed;
andwe
al
souset
hesi
mpl
epastf
ort
heact
iont
hati
nter
rupt
edt
hef
ir
stact
ion.Weusewhi
l
eorwhent
oconnect
t
het
wocl
auses.
a.Whencanbeused f
orbot
hcl
auses.
b.Whi
l
ecanbeusedonl
yfort
hecl
ausecont
aini
ngt
hepastpr
ogr
essi
vet
ense.
4.Twopr
ogr
essi
veact
ionsi
nthepast
Fort
his,
wecanuset
hef
oll
owi
ngcombi
nat
ions:
1.Si
mpl
epastandsi
mpl Usewhi
epast( l
etoconnect
.)
2.Pastpr
ogr
essi
veandpastpr
ogr
essi
v Usewhi
e( l
etoconnect
.)
3.Pastpr
ogr
essi
veandsi
mpl Usewhi
epast( l
etoconnect
.)

PRESENTPROGRESSI
VE
Mai
nMeani
ng
(
a)Theact
ioni
shappeni
ngex
act
lyr
ightnowor(
mor
egener
all
y).
(
b)Theact
ioni
sunf
ini
shedandst
il
lcont
inui
ng.
(
c)Theact
ioni
sunf
ini
shed,
buti
tmi
ghtnotbehappeni
ngexact
lyr
ightnow.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Donotusest
ati
vev
erbswi
tht
hist
enseev
eni
ftheact
ioni
shappeni
ngex
act
lyatt
hatmoment
.
Not
e:St
ati
vev
erbsar
eal ednon-
socal
l act
ion,
non-
progr
essi
ve,
ornon-
cont
inuousver
bs.
Exampl
esofSt
ati
veVer
bs
a.agr
ee k.di
sli
ke u.hav
e e2.owe o2.sound
b.amaze l
.di
sagr
ee v
.hear f
2.own p2.t
ast
e
c.appr
eci
ate m.doubt w.know g2.pl
ease q2.t
hink
d.be n.env
y x.l
i
ke h2.possess r
2.under
stand
e.bel
i
eve o.equal y
.lov
e i
2.pr
efer s2.want
f
.bel
ong p.exi
st z.l
ook j
2.r
ecogni
ze t
2.wi
sh
g.car
e q.f
ear a2.mat
ter k2.r
emember u2.wei
gh
h.concer
n r
.feel b2.mean l
2.r
esembl
e
i
.consi
st s.f
orget c2.mi
nd m2.see
j
.cont
ain t
.hat
e d2.need n2.smel
l
CommonSt
ati
veVer
bst
hatar
eSomet
imesUsedPr
ogr
essi
vel
y
1.Thi
nkandHav
e
a.Thi
nk
a1.Thi
nki
sst
ati
v tmeansbel
ewheni i
eve.
a2.Thi
nki
sact
ivewheni tmeanasbel
tdoesn’ i
eve.
b.Hav
e
b1.Whenhav
emeanspossessorown,
theni
tisst
ati
ve.
b2.Whenweusehav
et tmeansneedt
oandi o,t
heni
tisst
ati
ve.
b3.Whenhav
eisusedwi
thdi
ff
erentmeani
ngf
rom t
hepr
evi
oust
wo,
theni
tisact
ive.
2.Be
1.Whenbei
2. susedshowi
ngt
hatsomeoneorsomet
hinghasachar
act
eri
sti
corqual
i
ty,
theni
tisst
ati
ve.
2.Whenbei
2. susedt
oshowt
hataper
sonorsomet
hingi
sact
ingi
nacer
tai
nwayr
ightnow,
wecanuse
pr
esentpr
ogr
essi
ve.
3.Feel
1.Whenf
3. eeli
susedt
odescr
ibet
het
act
il
echar
act
eri
sti
csofanobj
ect
,iti
sst
ati
ve.
2.Whenf
3. eelmeanst
hesameasbel
i
eve,
iti
sst
ati
ve.
3.Whenf
3. eeli
susedt
otal
kaboutsomeone’
sheal
thormood,
theni
tisei
therst
ati
veoract
ive.
4.Look
1.Whenweusel
4. ookt hesameasseem orappear
omeant ,theni
tisusual
l
yst
ati
ve.
2.Whenweusel
4. ookt
otal
kaboutsomeone’
sheal
thormood,
thenwecanusei
tasast
ati
veoract
ive.
4.
3.Ot ngofl
hermeani ookar
eusual
l
yact
ive.
5.See
5.
1.Whenwear
etal
ki
ngaboutusi
ngourey seei
es, sst
ati
ve.Whenseemeanst
hesameasunder
stand,
i
tisst
ati
ve.
2.Whenseei
5. susedt
odenot
eameet
ingwi
thsomeoneorsomet
hing(
int
hef
utur
e),i
tusespr
esent
pr
ogr
essi
ve.
6.Smel
l
 1.Whenweusesmel
6. ltot
alkaboutt
heol
fact
orychar
act
eri
sti
csofanobj
ect
,theni
tisst
ati
ve.
6.
2.Whenwear
etal
ki
ngaboutsomeone(
oranani
mal
)thati
susi
nghi
s/hernose,
thensmel
li
sanact
ive
v
erb.
7.Tast
e
7.
1.I
fwear
etal
ki
ngaboutt
hegust
ator
ychar
act
eri
sti
csofanobj
ect
,thent
ast
eisst
ati
ve.
7.
2.Whent
alki
ngaboutsomeone(
oranani
mal
)usi
ngt
hei
rtongue,
thent
ast
eisact
ive.
8.Wei
gh
8.
1.Whenwet
ell
howmuchsomeoneorsomet
hingwei wei
ghs, ghi
sst
ati
ve.
8.
2.Ot ngsofwei
hermeani ghar
eusual
l
yact
ive.
Not
e:Thesev
erbscanbeusedasact
ivebutt
heycanal
sobeexpr
essedst
ati
vel
y.
2.Whenahabi
tist
empor
ary
,thenwecanshowi
tusi
ngpr
esentpr
ogr
essi
vei
nst
eadofsi
mpl
epr
esent
.
Ex.
Mi
loi
spr
act
ici
ngf
ort
het
our
namentnextmont
h.
*Pr
esenti
sal
socor
rectf
ort
his.
Ot
herTensesusedf
orTempor
aryHabi
ts
1.Si
mpl
epastandpastpr
ogr
essi
vear
eusedf
ort
empor
aryhabi
tsi
nthepast
.
2.Pastper
fectandpastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vear
eusedf
ort
empor
aryhabi
tst
hathappenedbef
ore
somet
hingi
nthepast
.
3.Pr
esentper
fectandpr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vecanbot
hshow at
empor
aryhabi
tthatst
art
edi
n
t
hepastandhascont
inuedunt
ilnow.
4.Si
mpl
efut
ureandf
utur
epr
ogr
essi
vet
ensebot
hcanshowt
empor
aryhabi
tsi
nthef
utur
e.

3.Whenwewantt
oshowt
hatanact
ioni
shappeni
ngov
ert
imewhenanot
heract
iont
akespl
ace,
thenwe
canusepr
esentpr
ogr
essi
ve.
4.I
tisusedf
orf
utur
epl
annedact
ions(
str
ongl
ydeci
dedpl
annedact
ions)
.Usual
l
y,i
nor
dert
omakei
ts
usemor
ecl
ari
fi
ed,
weusual
l
yusef
utur
eti
mewor
ds.
Ex.
Iam buy
ingacart
omor
row.

FUTUREPROGRESSI
VE
Mai
nmeani
ng
Thi
smeanst
hatt
heact
ionwi
l
lhappenpr
ogr
essi
vel
yint
hef
utur
e.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Fut
urepr
ogr
essi
vecanbeusedf
orf
utur
epl
annedact
ion.Si
mpl
efut
ureandpr
esentpr
ogr
essi
vear
e
al
sousedf
ort
his.
2.Si
mpl
efut
ureandf
utur
epr
ogr
essi
vecanbeusedf
orf
utur
etempor
aryhabi
ts/
act
ions.
 PASTPERFECTTENSE
Mai
nMeani
ng
Pastper
fectwor
ksl
i
keanext
rasi
gnal
thatt
hisact
ionhappenedbef
oresomet
hingi
nthepast
.Ifi
tis
al
readycl
eart
hatt
heact
ionhappenedf
ir
st,
wecanal
sousesi
mpl
epastandt
hemeani
ngwi
l
lthesame.
Howev
er,
ifweneedt
omakei
tcl
eart
hatoneact
ionhappenedf
ir
st,
thenweusepastper
fect
.
ADDI
TIONAL
1.Pastper
fect+l
engt
hoft
imemeanst
hesameaspastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve.
2.Wi
thbyt
hist
ime
Anot
hert
imet
hatweusepastper
fecti
nst
eadofsi
mpl
epasti
swhenweuset
hewor
dsbyt
hist
ime.
Except
ion:St
ati
vev
erbs

PRESENTPERFECTTENSE
Di
ff
erentMeani
ngs
1.Wi
thal
engt
hoft
ime
a.Lengt
hoft
imeonl
y
b.Lengt
hoft
ime+f
requencyofoccur
rence
2.Wi
thnot
imephr
ase
3.Wi
that
imephr
aset
hati
ncl
udest
hepr
esent
Meani
ng#1a(
PresentPer
fectWi
tht
heLengt
hofTi
meonl
y)
Whenweusepr
esentper
fectwi
thaphr
aset
hatshowsal
engt
hoft
ime,t
heni
tusual
l
ymeanst
hat
t
heact
ionst
art
edi
nthepastandhascont
inuedunt
ilnow.
WhenShoul
dWeUsePr
esentPer
fectWi
tht
heLengt
hoft
ime
Pr
esentper
fectwi
tht
hel
engt
hoft
imeandpr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vemeant
hesamet
hing;t
hey
bot
hmeant
hatt
heact
ionst
art
edi
nthepastandhascont
inuedunt
ilnow.
1.Formostv
erbs,
usepr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve.
2.Forst
ati
vev
erbs,
usepr
esentper
fectwi
tht
hel
engt
hoft
ime.
ngsi
Usi nce,
for
,andi
nwi
thPr
esentper
fect+l
engt
hoft
ime/
poi
nti
nti
me
ngsi
1.Usi ncewi
thpr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#1a
Weal
mostal susesi
way ncewi
thapoi
nti
nti
me.
Not 1)Si
e:( ncemayal
someanasbecause.
2)Si
( nce+ apoi
nti
nti
me i
susedonl
ywi
thper
fectt
enses.(
Fut
ureper
fectt
ensesar
enot
commonl
yusedwi
thi
t.
)
ngf
2.Usi orwi
thMeani
ng#1a
Weusef
orwi
thal
engt
hoft
ime.I
fwewant tf
,wecanomi orandsayal
engt
hoft
ime.Forcanbe
usedwi
thal
mostanyt
ense;
presentpr
ogr
essi
vei
scommonl
yusedwi
thi
t.
ngi
3.Usi nwi
thMeani
ng#1a
 I
fwewantt
otel
lthel
engt
hoft
imeaper
sonhasnotdonesomet
hing,
thenwecanuseei
therf
oror
i
n.
Mor
ewi
thMeani
ng#1a
1.Pr
esentPer
fectMeani
ngno.1av
s.Pr
esentPer
fectPr
ogr
essi
ve
Whenwewantt
oshowanact
ionst
art
edi
nthepastandhascont
inuedunt
ilnow,
wecanuseei
ther
pr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#1aorpr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vef
ormanyv
erbs,butwecan’
tusepr
esent
per
fectmeani
ng#1awi
thv
erbst
hathav
eacl
earr
esul
tsorendi
ngpoi
nts.Al
so,wecan’
tusepr
esent
per
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewi
thst
ati
vev
erbs.
2.Si
nce+pr
esentper
fectcl
ause(
Themai
ncl
ausecanbeanypr
esentt
ense)
Whenweuse si
nce+pr
esentper
fectcl
ause,i
tmeanssomet
hingl
i
keaper
iodt
hatst
art
edi
nthe
pastandembr
acest
hepr
esentt
imes.
3.I
fiti
sal
readycl
ear
,wedon’
tneedt
oputt
hel
engt
hoft
imewi
thmeani
ng#1a.Howev
er,i
tisal
way
s
bet
tert
oleav
eiti
n.
Meani
ng#1b(
Presentper
fectwi
tht
hef
requencyofanact
ion’
soccur
rence)
Meani
ng:
Whenwesayt
henumberoft
imessomet
hinghappened,
itmeanst
heact
ionhappenedr
epeat
edl
y.
1.Si
ncewi
thPr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#1b
I
fweusepr
esentper
fectmeani wecanusesi
ng#1b, nceandapoi
nti
nti
me,
butwecan’ or+
tusef
l
engt
hoft
ime.
2.Pr
esentPer
fectPr
ogr
essi
veDoesn’
tWor
kwi
thMeani
ng#1b
Whenwesayt
henumberoft
imessomet
hinghappened,wecan’
tusepr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve,
weneedt
ousepr
esentper
fect
.
3.Meani
ng#1bUsedf
orAct
ionst
hatHappenedOnl
yOnce
a.Wecanusepr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#1bev
enf
oract
ionst
hathappenedonce.Wecanl
eav
eout
t
hewor
donce,
butwedon’
tdoi
tusual
l
ywi
thaf
fi
rmat
ivesent
ence.
b.Wi
thquest
ionsandnegat
ivest
atement
s,i
tiscommont
oseet
hatt
henumberoft
imesanact
ion
happenedorf
requencyi
sleav
edout
.
c.I
nnegat
ivest
atement
s,wecanusef
or+l
engt
hoft
imewi
thpr
esentper
fect
.
Pr
esentPer
fectMeani
ng#2
1.Pr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#2meanst
hatt
heact
ionwasf
ini
shedi
nthepast
,butt
het
imei
snot
knownornoti
mpor
tant
.
2.Bot
hsi
mpl
epastandpr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#2showt
hingst
hathappenedi
nthepast
,andso
wecanuseei
thert
enseandt
hemeani
ngwi
l
lbet
hesame.
Si
mpl
eRul
e:
Formostact
ionsi
nthepast
,usepastt
ense;
simpl
epasti
scor
rectnear
lyal
lthet
ime.Theonl
yti
me
t
hatweabsol
utel
yneedt
ousepr
esentper
fectf
orpastact
ionsar
ewi
thi
nyourl
i
fesent
ences.
Not
e:I
fwear
enotsur
ewhet
hert
ousesi
mpl
epastorpr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#2,
wecanof
tensol
ve
t
hepr
obl
em byst
ati
ngt
het
imet
hatt
heact
ionhappenedi
nthepast
.
ngal
Usi readyandy
et
Al
readyandy
etar
eusedwi
thmeani
ng#2
1.Al
ready emphasi
zes t
he t
hatt
he act
ion happened bef
ore now.We can use i
twi
th af
fi
rmat
ive
st
atement
sandquest
ions.
2.Yetal
soemphasi
zest
hatwe’
ret
alki
ngaboutat
imebef
orenow.Weusey
etwi
thquest
ionsand
negat
ivest
atement
s.I
nquest
ions,y
etsuggestt
hatwet
hinkt
hati
ftheact
ionhasn’
tbef
orenow,i
twi
l
l
happensomet
imei
nthef
utur
e.I
nnegat
ivest
at s,y
ement etsuggestt
hatt
heact
ionhasn’
thappened
bef
orenow,
butwet
hinkt
hati
twi
l
lsomet
imehappeni
nthef
utur
e.
Mor
ewi
thMeani
ng#2
Si
mpl
ePastv
s.Meani
ng#2
1.I
fthet
imei
sst
atedorcl
ear
,weusesi
mpl
epastnotmeani
ng#2.
2.I
fwear
etel
l
ingst
ori
esaboutt
hepast
,weusesi
mpl
epast
,notmeani
ng#2.
3.Usesi
mpl
epast
,notmeani
ng#2,
forst
atement
saboutpeopl
ewhoar
edead.
4.Usemeani ori
ng#2f nyourl
i
fesent
ences.
Mor
eAboutAl
readyandYet(
Wit
hOt
herTenses)
Usi
ngAl
ready
1.Wi
thpr
ogr
essi
vet al
enses, r
eadyemphasi
zest
hatt
heact
ionst
art
edbef
oret
het
imewear
edi
scussi
ng.
2.Wi
th per
f enses,al
ectt ready emphasi
zes t
hatt
he act
ion was f
ini
shed bef
oret
he t
ime we ar
e
di
scussi
ng.
3.Wi
thsi
mpl
etenses,al
readysuggestdi
ff
erentmeani
ngsdependi
ngonwhet
hert
hev
erbi
sst
ati
veor
act
iveandwhet
herwear
eusi
ngf
ormal
ori
nfor
mal
Engl
i
sh.
Act
ivev
s.St
ati
veVer
bs
1.Whenweuseal
readywi
thst
ati
vev
erbsi
nsi
mpl
esent
ence,i
tmeansahabi
torsomet
hingt
hat
was/
is/
wil
lbeal
way
sorusual
l
ytr
ue.I
not
herwor
ds,
themeani
ngofsi
mpl
epr
esenti
ssi
mil
art
oit
suse.
2.Whenweuseal
readywi
thst
ati
vev
erbsi
nsi
mpl
esent
ence,
itmeanst
hatt
heact
ionst
art
edbef
oret
he
t
imewear
edi
scussi
ngandcont
inuedunt
ilnow.
For
malv
s.I
nfor
malEngl
ish
1.Al
readywi
thsi
mpl
epasti
susedt
omeant
hatt
heact
ionwasf
ini
shedbef
orenow.(
Inf
ormal
)
2.Al
readywi
thpr
esentper
fectorsi
mpl
epastal
onei
susedt
omeant
hatt
heact
ionwasf
ini
shedbef
ore
now.(
For
mal
)
Usi
ngYet
1.Negat
iveSt
atement
s
Whenweusey
eti
nnegat
ivest
atement
s,i
tmeanst
hatt
heact
iondi
dn’
thappenbef
oret
het
ime
we’
redi
scussi
ng,
butwet
hinkt
hatt
heact
ionwi
l
lhappenl
aterori
nthef
utur
e.
2.Quest
ions
Whenweusey
eti
nquest
ions,i
tshowst
hatweexpectt
hatt
heact
ionwi
l
lhappeni
fithasn’
thappen
bef
orenow.
3.I
nfor
malandFor
mal
Engl
ish
Yeti
susedi
nfor
mal
l
ywi
thsi
mpl
epast
.Iti
smor
efor
mal
tousey
etnotwi
thsi
mpl
epast
.
Pr
esentPer
fectMeani
ng#3
I
fweuseat
imephr
aset
hati
ncl
udest
hepr
esent
,pr
esentper
fectmeansaboutt
hesamet
hingas
si
mpl
epast
.
Pr
esentPer
fectv
s.Si
mpl
epast
1.Wi
thFr
equencyofOccur
rence
Whenwesayt
henumberoft
imest
hatsomet
hinghappenedwi
tht
hepr
esentmeani
ng#1,
itsuggest
t
hatwet
hinkt
hisact
ionmayhappenagai
ndur
ingt
hisper
iodoft
ime.Si
mpl
epastsuggestt
hati
twon’
t
happenagai
ndur
ingt
hisper
iodoft
ime.
2.Negat
iveSt
atement
s
I
nnegat
ivest
atement
s,pr
esentper
fectmeani
ng#3suggestt
hatwet
hinkt
heact
ionst
il
lmay
happendur
ingt
hist
ime.Si
mpl
epastsuggestt
hatwet
hinkt
hati
twon’
thappenagai
ndur
ingt
hisper
iod
oft
ime.
3.Quest
ions
Usi
ngmeani
ng#3suggestt
hatt
heact
ionmi
ghthappeni
fithav
en’
thappenedy
et,
butusi
ngsi
mpl
e
pastsuggestt
hati
fithasn’
thappenedbynow,
itpr
obabl
ywon’
t.
NeedofUsi
ngPr
esentPer
fect(
Timesi
nwhi
chweabsol
utel
yneedpr
esentper
fect
)
a.I
nyourl
i
fesent
ences.
b.St
ati
vev
erbst
hatst
art
edi
nthepastandhav
econt
inuedunt
ilt
hepr
esent
.
c.Pr
esentper
fectwi
tht
hef
requencyofanact
ion’
soccur
rence.
a.I
nyourl
i
feSent
ences
1.Aski
ngi
fsomeonehasev
erdonesomet
hingi
nherorhi
sli
fe.
2.Say
ingt
hatsomeonehasnev
erdonesomet
hingi
nherorhi
sli
fe.
3.Super
lat
ivesi
nsomeone’
sli
fe.
4.Tel
l
inghowmanyt
imessomeonehasdonesomet
hingi
nherorhi
sli
fei
fitmi
ghthappenagai
n.
b.St
ati
veVer
bs
1.St
ati
vev
erbst
hatst
art
edi
nthepastandhascont
inuedunt
ilnow.Weusepr
esentper
fect+al
engt
hof
t
ime.
c.Pr
esentPer
fectwi
tht
heFr
equencyofoccur
rence
1.Pr
esentper
fectwi
thal
engt
hoft
imeandt
henumberoft
imest
heact
ionhappened.
Pr
esentPer
fectMeani
ng#3

Fi
nalPoi
nts
1.Whenweusei
twi
thsi
mpl
epr
esent
,pr
esentper
fectmeanst
hishappensf
ir
st.
Not
e:
Gener
all
y,per
fectt
ensesmeant
hatt
heact
ionhappensbef
oresomet
hing.
(
1)PastPer
fect
-anact
iont
hathappenedi
nthepastbef
oresomet
hingel
sei
nthepast
.
(
2)Fut
urePer
fect
-anact
iont
hatwi
ll
happeni
nthef
utur
ebef
oresomet
hingel
sei
nthef
utur
e.
(
3)Pr
esentPer
fect
-anact
iont
hathappenedbef
oreasi
mpl
epr
esent
.

FUTUREPERFECT
Mai
nMeani
ng
Fut
ureper
fectmeanst
hatt
heact
ionwi
l
lhappenbef
oresomet
hingi
nthef
utur
e.
Not
e:Idon’
tneedt
ousef
utur
eper
fecti
fiti
sal
readycl
earwhi
chact
ionhappenedf
ir
st.Icanal
souse
f
utur
eandt
hemeani
ngwi
llbet
hesame.
ADDI
TIONAL
Fut
ureper
fect+l
engt
hoft
imehast
hesamemeani
ngasf
utur
eper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve.Whenweusei
t
wi
thal
engt
hoft
ime,
fut
ureper
fectcanal
someant
hesameasf
utur
eper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve.

PASTPERFECTPROGRESSI
VE

Mai
nMeani
ng
Weusepastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewhenwewantt
omakei
tcl
eart
hatt
heact
ionwashappeni
ng
ov
ert
imeunt
ilal
most(
oral
mostunt
il
)somet
hingi
nthepast
.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Weusepastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vet
omakei
tcl
eart
hatanact
ionhappenedov
ert
imeunt
ilsomet
hingi
n
t
hepast
.Al
otoft
i sousepastper
mewecanal fect+al
engt
hoft
imet
oshowt
his.Of
tenbot
htensesar
e
cor
rectandmeant
hesamet
hing.
Si
mpl
eRul
e:
I
fwewantt
oshowt
hatanact
ionwashappeni
ngov
ert
imeunt
ilsomet
hingi
nthepast
,
*Usepastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewi
thmostv
erbs.
*Usepastper
fect+al
engt
hoft
imewi
thst
ati
vev
erbs.
Not
e:
(
1)St
ati
vev
erbsar
enotusedwi
thpastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve.
(
2)Pastper
fectt
ensesar
enotusedwi
thv
erbswi
thcl
earr
esul
ts.
2.ForandSi
nce
Whenwewantt
ousepastper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewi
that
imecl yusef
ause,weusual
l or+al
engt
hof
t
ime(
orj
ustal
engt
hoft
ime)i eadofsi
nst nce+apoi
nti
nti
me.

PRESENTPERFECTPROGRESSI
VE
Mai
nMeani
ng
Pr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
veal
way
smeanst
hatt
heact
ionst
art
edi
nthepastandhascont
inuedunt
il
now(
oral
mostunt
ilnow)
.
ADDI
TIONALS
Pr
esentper
fectmeansonl
yonet
hingev
enwi
thorwi
thoutat
imephr
aseused.Pr
esentper
fect
pr
ogr
essi
vemeanst
hesameasmeani
ng#1ofpr
esentper
fect
.Mostoft
het
ime,i
fwecanusepr
esent
per
fect
,wecanal
sousepr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
ve.
Si
mpl
eRul
eforPr
esentPer
fectPr
ogr
essi
ve
Whenanact
ionst
art
edi
nthepastandhascont
inuedunt
ilnow,
*Usepr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vef
ormostv
erbs
*Usepr
esentper
fect+l
engt
hoft
ime(
presentper
fectmeani
ng#1)f
orst
ati
vev
erbs.

FUTUREPERFECTPROGRESSI
VE
Mai
nMeani
ng
Weusef
utur
eper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewhenwewantt
omakei
tcl
eart
hatt
heact
ionwi
l
lhappenov
er
t
imeunt
il(oral
mostunt
il
)somet
hingi
nthef
utur
e.
ADDI
TIONALS
1.Weusual
l
yusef
utur
eper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewi
thal
engt
hoft
ime.
*For+l
engt
hoft
ime(
mostcommon)
;si
nce+poi
nti
nti
me(
lesscommon)
2.Weusef
utur
eper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vef
ormostv
erbs.Ont
heot weusef
herhand, utur
eper
fect+l
engt
hof
t
imewi
thst
ati
vev
erbs.
3.ForandSi
nce
Whenweusef
utur
eper
fectpr
ogr
essi
vewi
that
imecl
ause, yusef
weusual
l or+al
engt
hoft
ime(
or
j
ustal
engt
hoft
ime)i eadofsi
nst nce+apoi
nti
nti
me.