COMPARISONAL ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL AND TELESCOPIC CANOPY

COLUMN CONSTRUCTION METHODS ON THE CANOPY FOURCOURT PROJECT

SHELL SPBU GRAHA RAYA TANGERANG
Aditya Nurfajri
Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Mercubuana University
Email : adityanurfajri508

construction system with steel as the main element @gmail.com. standard wf that we usually
encounter in the market which is heavier than non prismatic which is then fabricated in the field.
This method has been widely applied in the implementation of steel construction. Along with the
development of technology and innovation in the field of construction, there are other alternative
construction methods that have been developed to produce cheaper steel construction, efficient
and fast implementation by minimizing the risk of errors (accuracy), as well as producing an
erection method that is carried out in stages, relatively easily and quickly. The method that can be
applied is called the steel construction system of the telescopic canopy column with the pre-
engineering building method. The aim is to compare conventional steel construction methods and
pre-engineering buildings with a telescopic canopy column system from the aspect of cost and
time. The project that is used as the object of research is the Construction of the Fourcourt
Canopy of Shell Graha Raya Taangerang gas stations. Each method will be calculated cost and
implementation time based on the technical implementation of the method. From the comparison
results, the cost and time required for conventional steel canopy construction methods and pre-
engineering building telescopic systems will be obtained.

Keywords: Steel construction, Pre-engineering Building Telescopic Canopy Column,

Conventional,

1. INTRODUCTION

Background
The latest innovations in steel construction
are needed along with the development of
technology in the construction world. This
innovation is better known as the Telescopic
Canopy Column steel construction with the
Pre-Engineering Building method. Steel
construction generally uses a conventional
steel construction system, namely H-Beam
profile steel as a column structure material
and other profile steels such as WF and
Canal C as beams and horses. - horses on the
roof. The construction is usually applied to
office buildings, factories, warehouses,
stadiums, four-court gas stations and so on.
In this era, conventional steel buildings have
been gradually abandoned due to efficiency
in time, cost and work safety when
compared to using Telescopic Canopy
Column steel structures in general for
Fourcourt gas stations. The Telescopic
Canopy Column work method uses a
Hydrolic Jacking system with the main
column material using hollow steel plates
which are made to reduce work execution
time, costs and increase work safety factors
for workers involved in the construction of
the construction.
By using the Telescopic Canopy Column
steel construction, time and cost control
becomes significant because the design is
made to minimize structural weight
efficiency and relatively faster execution
time and reduce the duration of use of heavy
equipment, especially mobile cranes, it
becomes a differentiator from conventional
steel construction which tends to
maximizing the weight of the structure and
the relatively longer use of heavy equipment,
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so that from the total workload incurred it
can reduce the cost of steel per kilogram
which is currently relatively high due to the
unstable global economic market. At the
time of erection the structure also gives an
impact that is relatively faster than
conventional steel construction, because the
fabrication has been carried out at the
manufacturer, so that the steel material can
be erected immediately upon arrival at the
project site.
Compared with conventional steel
construction systems with universal
architectural designs, using Telescopic
Canopy Column steel construction, the
desired use of steel materials can be realized
in such a way, because fabrication is carried
out using the Pre-Engineering Building
system, namely the building has been
engineered before the work is carried out.
Problem Formulation
From the above background, the problems
that will be discussed in this final project can
be formulated, namely:
1. How much time is needed for each
method of implementing the telescopic
canopy column and conventional systems in
the fourcourt building of the Shell Graha
Raya Tangerang gas station?
2. Calculate the costs required for each
method of implementing the telescopic
canopy column and conventional systems at
the Shell Graha Raya Tangerang gas station
fourcourt building?
3. Comparing each implementation
method to the safety factor of the workers
involved and the tools and materials used?
Research Objectives
Based on the formulation of the problem, the
objectives of this research are as follows:
1. To determine the time required for
each method of implementing the
conventional and telescopic canopy column
systems in the fourcourt building of the Shell
Graha Raya Gas Station Tangerang.
2. Knowing the costs required for each
method of implementing the telescopic
canopy column and conventional systems at
the Shell Graha Raya Tangerang gas station
fourcourt building.
3. Knowing the comparison of each
method of construction implementation on
the safety factor of workers and the tools and
materials used.
Scope and Limitation of Problems
Based on the above scope, there are several
problems that are reviewed & can be
formulated as follows:
1. Job analysis data is job analysis data
belonging to PT. Prima Sukses Bersama As
the contractor implementing the project.
2. Calculation of the analysis of the
steel structure of the fourcourt canopy is
carried out with manual calculations and
application assistance
. 3. Calculation of the analysis of the
steel structure only counts up to the stage of
the roof work.
4. The review is only carried out from
the pedestal structure of the column to the
roof.
5. Does not calculate the volume of
excavation and foundation piles.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Overview
The definition of steel construction Pre-
Engineering Building System especially
Telescopic Canopy Column is an
engineering concept in the world of steel
construction where the fabrication work is
carried out in a workshop with adequate
production machine technology in terms of
quality and time. The main structural
components are also
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designed as efficiently as possible according
to the load and function requirements of a
building.
This Pre-Engineering Building system was
developed to produce steel construction that
is cheaper, efficient and fast implementation
with minimal risk of error (accuracy), and
produces an erection method that is carried
out in stages, relatively easily and quickly.
The connection of components during
erection is carried out without welding and
does not require experienced experts,
because the Pre-Engineering Building
system is equipped with an erection guide
manual. So that costs can be known more
accurately and economically. In general, this
method can save 10%-15% of development
costs.
In the manufacture of steel construction Pre-
Engineering Building Systems, Pre-
Engineering Building System steel
construction manufacturers play an
important role in steel construction
engineering which includes design with
reference to design standards (AISC,
MBMA, AWS, AISI, & JIS), drawings,
fabrication, and erection guide manual.
So the understanding of steel construction
Pre-Engineering Building is the pre-
fabrication of the building where the overall
design requirements of the building have
been prepared in advance in the form of a
Standard building. Then designed with a
complete building standards and the most
economical. The steel material in this
concept is designed based on the need for
moment distribution (BMD) on the rigid
frame frame due to the working loads.
Figure 2.1. Moment distribution on the rigid
frame frame due to working loads.
Look at Figure 2.1, the bottom end of the
column is smaller than the top end because
the bottom moment is smaller, thus saving
steel material and of course it will be lighter.
Such a profile is called a Tempered Profile.
This tempered profile is not produced hot
rolled like the standard hot rolled material
that we usually find in the market. This
tempered profile is formed by combining 3
plate materials that are assembled into
tempered components.
Whereas in conventional steel construction
systems, the fabrication work is carried out
in the field with the main material used in
the form of hot rolled material or commonly
called the WF profile. This is something we
usually encounter in steel construction
buildings that already exist in general.
Differences in Pre-Engineering Building
System Steel Construction Design with
Conventional Systems
Figure 2.2. Differences in Pre-Engineering
Construction System Design with
Conventional Systems
Pre-Engineering Building Method
1. Look at Figure 2.2, the main element
uses non-prismic rods so that its own weight
is 30% lighter.
2. Secondary elements use mild steel in
the form of Z-Section or Lip-Channel.
3. The foundation design is simpler and
lighter and easier to implement.
4. The construction weight is relatively
light so that the cost of steel is cheaper.
5. Seismic Resistance The structure of
the portal is more flexible to withstand
earthquake loads.
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6. Erection is easy, fast and done
gradually. The connection of components
during erection is carried out without
welding and does not require experienced
experts, because the PRE-ENGINEERED
BUILDING is equipped with an erection
guide manual. So that costs can be known
more accurately, in general it can save 10%-
15% of development costs.
7. The volume of the foundation is
lighter (5% to 10%). because the weight of
the superstructure is accurate according to
the design.
Conventional Method
1. Look at Figure 2.2, the main element
is the hot roller wf which is heavier than non
prismatic.
2. Secondary elements use I or Lip-
Channel profile steel which is relatively
heavier.
3. Foundations are expensive and
required to use a deeper foundation.
4. The construction weight is relatively
heavy so that the cost of steel is more
expensive.
5. Seismic Resistance The structure of
the portal is heavier and stiffer and behaves
poorly in earthquake areas.
6. A lot of erection labor is required and
expensive. Time and cost are required to
obtain accuracy and uniformity in erection.
A lot of time consuming so that it can
exceed the time schedule of work and costs.
7. Requires a heavier foundation.
Heavy Equipment in Steel Construction
Work
Heavy equipment has an important role in
the implementation of construction projects,
especially large-scale projects. The purpose
of using these heavy equipment is to
simplify the work process so that the
expected results can be achieved more easily
in a relatively shorter time.
Heavy equipment that is generally used in
steel construction work is erection tools
(cranes), trucks or loaders for transportation
equipment (Rostiyanti 2008).
Cranes
Cranes are heavy equipment for vertical
transport or lifting equipment commonly
used in construction projects. The crane
works by lifting the material to be moved
vertically, moving it horizontally, then
lowering the material to the desired place.
Cranes have several types which in operation
are selected according to the conditions of a
project. The types of cranes commonly used
are:
a) Crawler wheeled cranes
b) Truck cranes
c) Truck cranes for limited locations
d) Truck cranes for all types of
locations
e) Tower cranes
.
Productivity of Heavy Equipment
Productivity or equipment capacity is the
amount of output (output) of a certain
volume of work produced by the tool per
unit time. To estimate the productivity of the
tool, it takes the performance of the tool
provided by the tool manufacturer and the
efficiency factor of the tool, operator, field
conditions and materials (Rostiyanti 2008).
Tool productivity is calculated based on the
volume per cycle time and the number of
cycles in one hour.
Q = qx N x E ..........................pers. (1)
Where :
Q = production of tools per hour
(m³/hour)
q = production of tools per cycle
(m³/cycle)
E = efficiency of working time
(effective working time/60)
N = number of cycles per hour, namely:
.. .................................................pers . (2)
Ws = cycle time (minutes)
Thus, tool productivity can be calculated by:
Q = .......................... ..........pers. (3)
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The definition of cycle time is the time used
by a machine (vehicle) to undergo a cycle of
work. For example, a crane has a working
mechanism cycle as follows: lifting
mechanism - rotary mechanism - walking
mechanism (to put or lower the load.
The cycle time consists of:
Fixed time: It is the time for lifting, turning,
walking, putting or lowering the load, and so
on - other things, of course. So fixed time is
not affected by the distance of the haul.
Variable time : Represents the time it takes
to walk and rotate in an empty state.
Variable time =
Where :
V = Speed when walking carrying loads
So cycle time = fixed time + variable time
Each heavy equipment has a specific
productivity according to its production
capacity
Cost Analysis
Before a construction project begins, it is
necessary to carefully estimate the costs to
be incurred for the project, hereinafter
referred to as the Cost Budget Plan,
according to Ibrahim (2001) the plan Cost
budget is a calculation of the amount of costs
a required for materials and wages, as well
as other costs associated with the
implementation of the building or project.
The cost budget plan is calculated based on
the volume of each type of work multiplied
by the unit price of each work, and
calculated for all types of work carried out
on a construction project, so that the total
cost of the overall budget plan can be
obtained. The unit price of work consists of
material costs, labor costs, and equipment
costs where these costs include direct costs
in a project.
Work Volume
Calculation of work volume is the most
important part in the planning stage of a
construction project. Calculation of the
volume of construction work is a process of
measuring/calculation of the quantity of
work items based on drawings or
actualization of work in the field. By
knowing the volume of work, it will be
known how much cost is required in the
implementation of the construction.
Work Unit Price The work
unit price is the sum of prices, materials and
labor wages based on analytical calculations.
The price of materials obtained in the
market, collected in a list called the unit
price list of materials. Wages for labor
obtained at the location are collected and
recorded in a list called the unit price list of
wages. The unit prices of materials and labor
wages vary in each region. So in calculating
and compiling the budget for a project, it
must be guided by the unit price of materials
and labor wages on the market and at the job
site. Usually the executor or contractor
makes a separate unit price of work that is
adjusted to the market price where the
project is carried out.
Direct Costs
According to Asiyanto (2003) direct costs in
project costs are costs incurred for activities
that are directly related to the project in
question which results in permanent physical
construction. This direct cost is dominant to
the total cost. The main components of direct
costs are material, labor, and equipment
costs.
a) Material costs The
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price or materials used for the construction
implementation process, which includes
packing costs, transportation costs and
temporary storage costs in the warehouse.
b) Labor
Costs Costs paid to workers in completing a
type of work in accordance with their skills
and expertise
c) Equipment
Costs The costs required for rental,
transportation, installation of equipment, and
operating costs can also be included in
wages from machine operators.
Scheduling
Scheduling in construction projects is a tool
to determine the activities needed to
complete a project in a certain sequence and
time frame, in which each activity must be
carried out so that the project is completed
on time at an economical cost (Irika &
Lenggogeni 2013).
From the scheduling we will get an overview
of the length of work that can be completed,
as well as the parts of the work that are
interrelated with one another. Scheduling is
done by determining the sequence in which
activities are started, postponed, and
completed so that the cost and resource
usage requirements are adjusted according to
the needs and implementation time.
Time and Activity Duration
In scheduling there are two differences,
namely time and duration. If the time shows
day/night, while the duration shows the
length of time working in one day, for
example one working day is 8 hours.
Determining the duration of the activity is
usually based on the volume of work and the
productivity of workers/tools in completing
a job. For example, the productivity of a
group of workers to do brick wall work is 10
m2/day, while the volume of brick wall work
is 320 m2.
Duration of brick wall work = work
volume / productivity = 320 m2/10 m2/day =
32 days
To get worker productivity, it is usually
obtained by dividing the worker coefficient
contained in the unit price analysis by the
volume of work. Meanwhile, to find tool
productivity, each tool has its own
productivity according to the type of heavy
equipment.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
Research Design
In this research design, the researcher wants
to know and analyze the comparison of the
size and dimensions of WF steel with the
effect of the same load on the work of the
Fourcourt Canopy structure of telescopic
columns and WF Steel horses at Shell Graha
Raya Tangerang. The data collection method
is by analyzing the Shell Graha Raya
Tangerang Work Project Data. The data
analyzed in the form of AsBuilt Drawing
documents, RAB and Material
Specifications obtained from the Shell Graha
Raya Tangerang NTI Work Project. What
will be reviewed is the main part of the
telescopic column steel canopy structure, the
WF canopy roof structure includes gording,
fascia, beams, horse connections and the cost
of working on the WF steel canopy structure.
Research Steps
In this research methodology chapter, the
steps that will be taken during the
preparation of the Final Project on
"Comparative Analysis of Costs & Time for
Steel Construction Buildings Using Pre-
Engineering Building Systems and
Conventional Systems in the Shell Graha
Raya Gas Station Fourcourt Project" are
described. used as a frame of reference
during conducting research.
6
Research
Data Primary
Data Data obtained from the results of direct
observations and observations in the field in
the form of location, location conditions,
building conditions around the location.
Secondary
Data Supporting data used in the preparation
and preparation of the Final Project both
from the field and from the existing
literature. This data cannot be used directly
as a source but must go through a data
processing process to be used. The
secondary data used in the preparation of
this Final Project report are:
a. Drawings of plans for steel
construction buildings using the pre-
engineering building method and
conventional methods for the telescopic
canopy column fourcourt project at the Shell
Graha Raya gas station
b. Unit price of work
c. Project Scheduling
Data Analysis
Analysis of Implementation Methods
Prepare an outline of the stages of
implementing steel construction works for
pre-engineering building systems and
conventional systems as well as analyzing
the activities of each work. The analysis of
implementation methods becomes the basis
for calculating the cost and implementation
time for each method.
For the pre-engineering building system
because the steel construction work begins
with the fabrication of the building where
the overall design requirements of the
building have been prepared in advance in
the form of a Standard Building. Then it is
designed with complete building standards.
The steel material in this concept is designed
based on the need for moment distribution
(BMD) on the rigid frame frame due to
working loads. Steel profiles like this are
commonly called tempered steel profiles.
Analysis of Implementation Costs
Analysis of implementation costs for each
method is calculated by analyzing the costs
incurred from:
A. Pre-Engineering Building Method:
1. Fabrication process outside the
project
2. Erection process
B. Conventional Method
1. Fabrication process inside project
2. Erection process The
requirements for calculating the required
cost are: Work Cost : material volume x
volume unit price (manufacturing + erection)
the cost is obtained from the offer of the
work price from the bidding contractor.
Cost analysis is needed to prepare a budget
plan in order to find out the amount of costs
required for each method and to determine
the amount of budget needed in
implementing the project.
Analysis of Implementation Time
Analysis of the execution time of each work
activity for both methods is calculated by
analyzing the amount of time required from
the following activity stages:
A. Pre-Engineering Building Method:
1. Fabrication process outside the
project
2. Erection process
B. Method Conventional
1. Fabrication process in the project
2. Erection process
The amount of time required can be
calculated by dividing the volume of work
by the value of the productivity level of
workers/tools.
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF
Building Data
In this Shell Graha Raya Tangerang gas
station construction project, with a building
dimension of 21.6 mx 18 m, data analysis of
implementation methods, costs and time
7
for steel construction buildings was carried
out using the pre-engineering building tcc
system and conventional systems.
The steel construction design for the pre-
engineering building system starts from the
drawing proposal along with the building
concept submitted by the owner to the
contractor to be forwarded to the pre-
engineering building system steel
construction manufacturer who has been
appointed or recommended by the owner or
contractor for detailed design using software
design assistance. computer programs such
as the 2016 ETABS program, Tekla and
STAADIII.
Analysis of Implementation Methods
Analysis of Steel Construction
Implementation Methods with Pre-
Engineering Building Systems Steel
construction of pre-engineering building
systems found in the Shell Graha Raya
Tangerang gas station construction project,
the implementing contractors use steel
construction with pre-engineering building
systems by appointing construction
engineering project consultants companies
steel pre-engineering system as a consultant
who is a consultant for steel construction
planners using the Pre-engineering Building
System. The steel engineering consultant
company is called Akanksha Promoters (I)
Pvt.Ltd, which has its address at MP Nagar
Bhopal, India. The stages of steel
construction work using the pre-engineering
building system can be seen in the flow chart
of Figure 4.5 below.
Figure 4.5. Flowchart of Steel Construction
Work Stages Pre-engineering Building
System
Analysis of Steel Construction
Implementation Methods With
Conventional Systems
In the analysis of the conventional system
steel construction implementation methods,
the stages of steel construction work using
conventional systems are described. The
stages of the work can be seen in the flow
chart of Figure 4.20 below.
Figure 4.20. Flowchart of Stages of Steel
Construction Work Conventional System
Cost Analysis
In this cost analysis, the calculation of costs
is obtained after calculating the volume per
work item. To calculate this, data such as
plan drawings of work items are needed.
Calculation of Steel Construction Volume
of Pre-Engineering Building System.
Volume calculation is carried out on each
item of steel construction building
components. The result of calculating the
volume of all material items will be a
variable in the calculation of the budget plan.
From the tcc design of the pre-engineering
building system, the volume that will be
calculated is the volume of the weight of the
steel material from each component item,
which will then know the total weight of the
material from the design produced by the
pre-engineering building system. From each
component item produced, the volume
weight calculation will be carried out as
below.
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Table 4.1. Total Volume of TCC Steel
Construction Materials Pre-engineering
building system

Budget Plan The

Budget Plan (RAB) is a recapitulation of the
Calculation of Conventional System Steel costs of all work. This RAB is calculated by
Construction Volume multiplying the volume of each work item
In the conventional system steel construction with the work unit price that has been
design, steel construction materials use determined based on the reference unit price
profile steel or commonly called hot rolled of wages and materials from the steel
WF steel as shown in Figures 4.27 and 4.28. construction work offer document by the
produced conventional system steel contractor implementing the Shell Graha
construction buildings. Raya Tangerang TCC Development Project.
The price offer includes the cost of erection
of the steel construction.
The Budget Plan for each method can be
seen in Table 4.5 for the pre-engineering
building system and Table 4.6 for the
conventional system.

Figure 4.27. Hot rolled steel profile on Table 4.5. TCC Pre-Engineering Building
conventional system steel construction System Budget Plan
building components

Figure 4.28. Standard Structure of Fourcourt

Gas Station Shell

Table 4.4. Total Volume of Conventional Table 4.6. Budget Plan Conventional System
Steel Construction Materials Fourcourt Gas
Station

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 - Production capacity per day = 840
tons / 365 hr
= 2.3 tons / hr
= 2300 kg/hr
Volume requirements for steel construction
systems for pre-engineering building
systems.
- Volume = 14300 kg
- Time of fabrication work = Vol. /
Production capacity/hr
Time Analysis = 14300 kg / 2300 kg/hr
of TCC Steel Construction Pre- = 6.21 hr 7 hr
Engineering Building System b) Material Delivery Work
Implementation In this material delivery job, the material
time analysis of TCC steel construction pre- delivery time is calculated starting from the
engineering building system is divided into material that has been fabricated in the
the following stages of work. workshop and sent until it arrives at the
a) Pre-Fabrication project location , the procurement of steel
Work In this work, steel construction is construction materials for the pre-
fabricated in the workshop using tempered engineering building system is carried out by
steel production machines. The contractors using locally produced steel
manufacturing process is carried out by a materials that are sent in standard factory
steel construction manufacturer with a pre- shapes and sizes to be sent to the contractor's
engineering building system with an workshop for fabrication.
engineering service center that provides Based on the analysis of the implementation
standard product components for steel time of material work in the field, the
structure standards. By using machines and following table 4.7 stages and calculation of
production equipment to support steel material delivery work time.
forming, the workshops are carried out as
follows: Table 4.7. Analysis of Delivery Time for
1. Cutting Steel Construction Materials for Pre-
2. Befalling Engineering Building Systems
3. Notching
4. Drilling
5. Bending
6. Assembling
7. Finishing
8. Welding
9. Shot blasting
10. Paint (painting)
From a series of pre-fabricated works, it was From the analysis of delivery times for steel
found that the production capacity in the construction materials for pre-engineering
steel construction manufacture is 840 tons building systems in table 4.7, it is found that
per year. The following is the calculation of the total time for material delivery work is 5
the pre-engineering building system steel days.
construction work time. c) Erection Work
- Production capacity = 840 Time analysis on erection work is carried out
tons/year to determine the value of productivity and

10
duration. This analysis is carried out through - Mobile crane speed = 50 km/h
field observations. (travelling)

Another consideration that underlies the use

of field observations is that the data obtained
is more accurate in accordance with field
conditions.
In this erection work, the heavy equipment
used is 1 unit of rough terrain crane. The
following is the plan for the heaviest and
tallest building materials to determine the
specifications of mobile mobile cranes in Figure 4.30. Dimensions of Mobile Crane
erection work. Tadano Type GR-500XL
Building data:
- Column height= 5.25 m From the calculation of erection work time,
- Rafter length = 9 m the total duration of erection work for steel
- Rafter weight (1frame) = 603.4 construction materials tcc pre-engineering
kg building system using mobile cranes in the
- Weight of 1 column = 636.7 kg lifting zone is as follows.
Mobile crane specifications: Total duration of the zone = 857.327 min
- Brand/Type = TADANO = 14.28 hours
- Model = GR-500XL After knowing the total duration of the
- Max Lifting Capacity = 50 Ton x 3.5 erection cycle with mobile mobile cranes in
m the lifting zone, a recapitulation of the
- Boom angle change motion = 0°- effective use of mobile cranes with mobile
80° crane operating hours of 6 hours/day will be
- Change movement time = 51 obtained. as follows:
sec (0°-80°) Total minutes = 857.327 min
boom angle = 1° = Total hours = 14.28 hours
0.011min Total days = 2.38 days
- Time movement change length = 133 Rounding = 3 days
sec/17.42 m The total duration of steel construction work
(telescopic) boom = 7.85 for pre-engineering building systems is as
m/min follows.
- Speed of main hoist line (6 part line): d) Hydraulic Jacking Up Work
Time analysis on hydraulic jacking up work
is carried out to determine the value of
productivity and duration. This analysis is
carried out through field observations.
Another consideration that underlies the use
of field observations is that the data obtained
is more accurate in accordance with field
conditions.
Figure 4.29. Hoisting Specification In this hydraulic jacking up work, the tools
used are 1 set of hydraulic jack tcc machines
- Max boom length = 33.3 owned by the implementing contractor.
m
- Swing speed = 2.7 rpm =
972°/min
10

Figure 4.37. Hydrolic Jack Specifications
Time analysis on hydraulic jacking up work
is done to determine the value of
productivity and duration. This analysis is
carried out through field observations.
Another consideration that underlies the use
of field observations is that the data obtained
is more accurate in accordance with field
conditions.
Building data:
1 Hydraulics can be jacked up in 4 stages
with the maximum load of each jack listed in
the Max Thrust (kg) table above.
The Hydraulic Jack can open 5000 mm
above the lowest pipe which is 6540 mm in
total open length. But in the field it will use
a maximum of 4500 mm (69%) of the
maximum potential thus, the jack will only
open up to stage 3. Maximum thrust of stage
3 = 12,591 kg.
The total weight of the fourcourt
construction: 21215.46 kg (with the
distribution as below).
• Weight of steel structure = assuming a total of 5 columns in the project,
14345.46 kg
• Roof weight = 1983 kg
• Ceiling weight = 4887 kg
From the above data we can analyze the
safety factor for hydraulic jacks, in this
project 5 hydraulic jacks are used which lift
the canopy with each each jack has a
capacity of 12,591 kg. So, the total lifting
capacity of 5 jacks = 5 x 12,591 = 62,955 kg
SWL = 62,955 x 80% = 50,364 kg
Weight of structure < Carrying
capacity of hydraulic jack
21215.46 kg < 50364 kg (OK)
From the calculation of hydraulic jack
capacity, it can be seen the composition and
the working mechanism of hydraulic jacks
and followed by observations of work time
in the field as the basis for calculating the
hydraulic jack cycle time in steel
construction work with pre-engineering
building systems.
The following is an example of calculating
the hydraulic jack work time on the TCC
Shell Graha Raya Tangerang Project.
Hydraulic Jacking Up Fourcourt Gas Station
Shell
- Setting the engine position
(t1) = 60 minutes
- Installing the hydraulic tube into the
column (t2) = 15 minutes/ column
= 75 minutes for 5 columns
- Setting Hose and Safety Valve
(t3) = 5 minutes/ column
= 25 minutes for 5 columns
- Hydraulic Jack Up process
(t4) = 8 cm/minute
= max height of fourcort
3.55m
= 355/8
= 44.4 minutes / column
For hydraulic jack process it can be done by
jacking up 3 columns simultaneously So,
the hydraulic jack process can be carried out
in 2 alternating cycles, i.e. 44.4 minutes
multiplied by 2 cycles = 88.8 minutes
Release of hydraulic jack tube
(t5) = 15 minutes / column
= 75 minutes for 5 columns
, the results obtained are the duration of
usage as follows:
Total minutes = (t1) + (t2) + (t3) +
(t4) + (t5)
= 60 + 75 + 25 + 88.8 + 75
= 323.8 minutes
12
Total hours = 5.39 hours
Total days = 1 day

12
Total Time Duration = Pre Fabrication
Time + Material Delivery + Erection Time +
TCC Hydrolic Jacking Up
= 7 days + 5 h ari + 3 days + 1 day = 16 days
Conventional System Steel Construction
Construction
Time Analysis of the conventional system
steel construction construction time analysis
is divided into the following stages of work.
a) Fabrication Work
In this work, the main material for
conventional steel construction, which is
profile steel or WF steel, is carried out
directly in the field. Based on observations
and field surveys. From the fabrication work
in the field, the time coefficient value of the
fabrication work is obtained with the details
of the workers as follows.
Coefficient of work time = 33.4 kg/hour
- 1 welder
- 1 blender
- 1 grinder
- 1 painter
Total volume weight of conventional
steel
= 17,928.23 kg. working time 8 hours/day.
Planned :
Coefficient of work time = 187.4 kg/hr,
with
- 6 welders
- 6 blenders
- 6 grinders
- 6 painters
Duration of work = 17.928.23 kg / 187.4
kg/hour
= 95.668 hours
= 11 ,9 hr ≈ 12 hr
b) Material Delivery Work
In the conventional system steel construction
material delivery work, based on the results
of field surveys, the implementing contractor
procures large volumes of profile steel
material at steel manufacturers in Indonesia
such as PT. Krakatau Steel and PT. Mount
Garuda. The location of the steel
manufacturer is in Cilegon Banten. Based on
the analysis of the implementation time of
material work in the field, the following
table 4.8 stages and calculation of work time
for delivery of conventional steel
construction materials.
Table 4.8. Analysis of Delivery Time for
Steel Construction Materials Conventional
System
c) Erection Work
Time analysis on erection work for
conventional steel construction buildings is
carried out to determine the value of
productivity and duration of work. Similar to
the erection work of steel construction
buildings with the pre-engineering building
system, the heavy equipment used is also 1
unit of mobile crane of the Tadano brand
type GR-500XL with the same specifications
as the pre-engineering building system.
The following is the plan for the heaviest
and tallest building materials to determine
the specifications of mobile mobile cranes in
erection work.
Building data:
- Column height= 5.35 m
- Rafter length = 8.6 m
- Rafter weight (1frame) = 642.1
kg
- Weight of 1 column = 767.2 kg
Because column material is the heaviest
material item, namely with With a weight of
767.2 kg and an elevation of 5.35 m, it is
planned to position the mobile crane during
erection to optimize working time by
maximizing the capacity of the mobile crane,
as well as lay out the mobility of the mobile
crane for erection work.
Planned :
- Length of boom = 25.8 m
- Height of boom from floor = 16.7 m
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- Capacity of mobile crane = 3000 kg
(Table of mobile crane capacity)
- Radius of mobile crane = 22 m
(Table of capacity of mobile crane)
Due to condition of implementation area and
the area is relatively the same as the pre-
engineering building system, it is assumed
that the placement of the mobile crane
operation is in the same place. From the
calculation of the erection work time, the
total duration of erection work for
conventional steel TCC construction
materials using a mobile crane in the lifting
zone is as follows.
Total duration of the zone = 1288.49 min
= 21.48 hours
After knowing the total duration of the
erection cycle with mobile mobile cranes in
the lifting zone, a recapitulation of the
duration of effective use of mobile cranes
with mobile crane operating hours of 6
hours/day will be obtained. duration of use is
as follows:
Total minutes = 1288.49 min
Total hours = 21.48 hours
Total days = 3.58 days
Rounding = 4 days
The total duration of steel construction work
in pre-engineering building systems is as
follows.
Total Duration of Time = a)
Manufacturing Time + Material Delivery +
Erection Time
= 12 days + 3 days + 4 days = 19 days
5. CONCLUSION
comparing
the cost and time of steel construction
buildings using pre-engineering building
systems and conventional systems developed
analysis, the results of the cost and time
approach are obtained as shown below.
1. From the analysis of the calculation
of the construction time of the steel
telescopic canopy column system pre-
engineering building with the conventional
system, the following results were obtained:
a) The working time of the pre-
engineering building system obtained a total
work time of 16 working days.
b) The work time of the conventional
system is a total of 19 working days.
From these results, the pre-engineering
building construction method is more
efficient in terms of time than conventional,
which is 3 days faster.
2. From the analysis of the calculation
of the cost of the steel construction
construction of the telescopic canopy
column system pre-engineering building
with the conventional system, the following
results are obtained:
a) The total cost of the steel
construction work for the pre-engineering
building system is Rp. 526,428,123,-
b) While the total cost of conventional
steel construction works is Rp.
613,716.224,-
So from these results, the cost of steel
construction for the pre-engineering building
system is more efficient in terms of cost,
which is 14.2% cheaper or if it is translated
it is around Rp. 87,288,100,-
3. From the safety factor in the steel
construction work method, the pre-
engineering building method was chosen
with several influencing factors as follows:
implementation of the steel
construction pre-engineering building
system was mostly carried out at a low
elevation of 2.6 m from the ground floor
b) Steel erection is carried out at an
elevation of 2.6 m so as to reduce the risk of
work accidents
c) There is no welding work in the
project area so as to reduce the risk of fire
due to sparks in the welding process.
Suggestion
From the conclusion above, for steel
construction works, the pre-engineering
building system is recommended to the
owner or investor and contractor as follows.
14
1. Steel construction tcc pre-
engineering building systems have begun to
be widely developed by steel construction
manufacturers with pre-engineering building
systems in Indonesia. This can be a
consideration to compare with importing
steel construction materials with similar
designs.
2. The combination of hydraulic tcc
system with pre-engineering building is an
innovation that seems quite new in steel
construction work in Indonesia. With this, it
makes business opportunities open for steel
applicators and contractors to innovate and
increase competitiveness in the field of steel
construction in particular.
3. At the erection stage, experienced
workers are needed in handling the erection
work of steel construction buildings with a
pre-engineering building system.
4. In the whole steel construction work
process, the combination of hydraulic tcc
with pre-engineering building systems has
advantages in safety factors, especially
construction workers, where the risk of work
accidents can be minimized because the
majority of work areas are carried out at low
elevations of 2.5 m from the floor. basis, so
that it can be an important consideration for
owners who prioritize work safety to use the
design.
Tadano Product Catalog. 2015. Catalog of
mobile crane type GR-500XL
https://www.tadano.com/businesses/
service/spec/index.html
Zeng, Q., Li, Z., Wan, L., Ma, D., & Wang , J.
(2022). Research on Dynamic Characteristics
of Canopy and Column of Hydraulic Support
under Impact Load.Energies,15(13), 4638.
Setiawan, A. (2008). Steel Structure Planning
With LRF Method D.
Seo, J., Yoo, WS, Lee, UK, Kim, C., Kang, KI,
& Cho, H. (2010). Case study of a
synchronous hydraulic jack-up system for
constructing high-rise residential
buildings.Canadian Journal of Civil
Engineering,37(6), 922-926.
Darmawan, MSD (2016). Mobile Crane
Productivity in High-rise Building
Construction (Case Study of Parking Building
"B" DPBCA Training Center & Hotel
Development Project, Sentul City, Bogor
Regency).Student Online Journal (JOM)
Civil Engineering,1(1).
Aprilian, T. (2010). Labor productivity analysis
on steel roof truss structure work (case study
of dr. Moewardi hospital construction project,
Surakarta, Central Java).

REFERENCES
Putra, RKE, Ekaputri, Y., & Nurcahyo, CB
(2015). Comparative Analysis of Cost and
Time of Steel Construction Buildings Using
Pre-Engineering Building Systems and
Conventional Systems at the Mojosari Fober
Cement Boards Plant Project.Journal of ITS
Engineering,4(1), D60-D64.
Buildings, PS (2011). Erection Manual Book and
Pre-Engineering Building System.
Saputra, R., Suraji, A., & Hakam, A. (2016).
CONSTRUCTION FAILURE ANALYSIS
FROM SOCIO–ENGINEERING SYSTEM
PERSPECTIVE.Journal of Civil Engineering
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Rostiyanti, SF (2002). Heavy equipment for
construction projects.

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