ALGIERS REFINERY

REHABILITATION AND ADAPTATION PROJECT

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROCEDURE

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURE

Pages modified under this revision: First Issue

Olivier
BADELLON -
TECHNIP Ivan Sellin Fabien Ruez
2011.10.11 2011.10.21 17:09:37 2011.10.24
15:17:41 +02'00' +02'00'
10:13:20 +02'00'

0 11/10/2011 Issue for Execution O. Badellon I. Sellin F. Ruez

Rev Date STATUS WRITTEN BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY
DD/MMM/YY (name & visa) (name & visa) (name & visa)

DOCUMENT REVISIONS

Sections changed in last revision are identified by a vertical line in the margin

PP 1 - ANG - rev. 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 4

2. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 4

3. DEFINITIONS / ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... 4

4. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 4

5. ROLES & RESPONSABILITIES......................................................................................................... 5

5.1 EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITIES ..................................................................................................... 5

5.2 EMPLOYEE’S OBLIGATION .............................................................................................................. 5
5.3 SUPERVISOR’S ROLE ..................................................................................................................... 5
5.4 MANDATORY PPE ......................................................................................................................... 5
5.5 PPE STANDARDS .......................................................................................................................... 5
5.6 FITTING AND COMFORT .................................................................................................................. 5
5.7 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................... 6
5.8 TRAINING ...................................................................................................................................... 6

6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................... 6

6.1 HEAD PROTECTION........................................................................................................................ 6

6.2 FOOT PROTECTION ........................................................................................................................ 7
6.3 EYE AND FACE PROTECTION .......................................................................................................... 8
6.4 HAND PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................... 9
6.5 HEARING PROTECTION ................................................................................................................ 10
6.6 BODY PROTECTION...................................................................................................................... 11
6.7 FALL PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................... 13
6.8 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION ............................................................................................................ 15

7. RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT .................................................................................. 15

7.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 15

7.2 SELECTION OF RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT .................................................................................... 16
7.3 RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES ........................................................................................... 16
7.4 BREATHING APPARATUS .............................................................................................................. 18
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8. USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.......................................................................... 21

8.1 ALL PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN FIELD WORK (INCLUDING VISITORS) ................................................. 22

8.2 WORK IN ELEVATED LOCATIONS ................................................................................................... 22
8.3 ELECTRICAL WORK...................................................................................................................... 22
8.4 ELECTRIC WELDING AND GAS CUTTING/WELDING ......................................................................... 22
8.5 GRINDING, CHIPPING WORK......................................................................................................... 22
8.6 HANDLING ROUGH, SHARP-EDGED OR ABRASIVE MATERIALS ........................................................ 22
8.7 HANDLING CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES(ACIDS, CAUSTIC, HOT LIQUIDS, ETC.)..................................... 23
8.8 WORK IN CONFINED SPACES........................................................................................................ 23
8.9 GRIT BLASTING WORK ................................................................................................................. 23
8.10 SPRAY PAINTING ......................................................................................................................... 23
8.11 WORK IN EXCESS NOISE AREA (WHERE THE NOISE LEVEL EXCEEDS 85 DB) ................................... 23
8.12 WORK IN REFRACTORY CERAMIC FIBER MATERIAL (ASBESTOS) AREA ........................................... 23
8.13 WORKS INSIDE BROWN FIELD AREA .............................................................................................. 23
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1. PURPOSE
This procedure describes the general requirements for the selection and usage of personal
protective clothing and equipment (PPE), for use on the ALGIERS REFINERY REHABILITATION
AND ADAPTATION PROJECT.
In order to establish an effective PPE program, it is essential to identify the hazards and
evaluate the risk anticipated during the work and within the work locations, and specify required
PPE. Account should also be taken of nearby activities or tasks that may impact the workers e.g
SIMOPS. PPE for specific tasks or period is identified during the preparation of the relevant JSA.
The PPE required may vary of the course of the task and the requirements will need to be
reassessed regularly or whenever a significant change occurs in the task or surrounding
environment.
However, the use of PPE is a secondary measure to protect personnel from accidental injuries
or adverse health effects. Therefore, before assigning PPE to be used, consideration shall be
first given to eliminate hazards from the work or working environment by effective engineering
control, or provision of safe working environment.

2. SCOPE
This procedure defines the guidelines for PPE on site and shall be implemented by all parties
working on ALGIERS REFINERY REHABILITATION AND ADAPTATION PROJECT (EPCC
CONTRACTOR, Subcontractors).

3. DEFINITIONS / ABBREVIATIONS
EPCC CONTRACTOR Technip
CPC Chemical Protective Clothing
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
RPE Respiratory Protective Equipment
SCBA Self-contained Breathing Apparatus
JSA Job Safety Analysis
dB Decibel

4. REFERENCES
9952T-000-PP-0551
9952T-000-PP-0553
9952T-000-PP-0803
9952T-000-PP-0840
9952T-000-PP-0842
9952T-000-PP-0844
Project HSE Management Plan
HSE Requirements for Subcontractors
Site HSE Management Plan
Confined Space Entry
Fall Prevention / Protection Program
Radiation Control for Radiographic Services
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9952T-000-PP-0846 Scaffolding
9952T-000-PP-0859 Safe Work Practices

5. ROLES & RESPONSABILITIES

5.1 Employer’s Responsibilities

Employers shall provide all of their employees with proper PPE suitable for their work and
working environment. The issuance of PPE shall be recorded in a ledger with employee's
name, items, and date of issue and signature. Workers shall be provided with replacement
PPE whenever that previously issued is damaged or worn out.
All PPE is to be stored and maintained in line with manufacturer’s specifications, especially
with regard to temperature and maximum shelf life.
The employer is responsible for ensuring that stocks of PPE and required spare parts are
maintained above of a minimum level at all times throughout the construction,
commissioning & start-up period.

5.2 Employee’s Obligation

All employees are required to wear and use correctly the designated PPE during their
work or while at their work locations.
All employees are required to take care of the equipment provided by their employer.
The abuse of, damage or modification to PPE is strictly prohibited. Non use of the required
PPE or deliberate damaging is subjected to disciplinary actions.

5.3 Supervisor’s Role

Supervisors and/or foremen shall ensure all workers are informed of PPE requirements,
trained in its use and are properly equipped with before commencing work .They shall. set
an example by wearing PPE and ensuring that their workers wear and use correctly the
PPE provided.

5.4 Mandatory PPE

Personnel, including visitors, who work on or visit the construction site, fabrication shops,
maintenance shops, etc., shall wear as a minimum, a safety helmet, safety shoes or boots
with steel toe caps, industrial grade safety glasses and long sleeves coverall.

5.5 PPE Standards

The selection and use of PPE shall be in accordance with UK, EU or American standards,
or CONTRACTOR approved equivalent. The use of non-certified PPE equipment shall be
subject to EPCC CONTRACTOR HSE Manager’s approval.

5.6 Fitting and Comfort

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Any PPE should fit correctly and be comfortable for the wearer, poorly fitting PPE does not
perform its intended function of protecting the wearer and uncomfortable PPE is
unpleasant for extended periods of use.
This is particularly important for the use of hand gloves and respiratory protective
equipment. Various sizes of each type of equipment shall be available to fit the typical size
range.

5.7 Inspection and Maintenance

All PPE shall be inspected regularly by responsible Department and maintained in
serviceable and sanitary condition. HSE Department will perform spot checks.
Defective PPE shall be taken out of service or immediately destroyed.

5.8 Training
Employees shall be given sufficient information about the hazards associated with their
jobs to enable them to work safely and with minimal risk to health.
Training shall be given to the users of PPE on the correct method of use when a specific
skill is required to use the PPE, before the employee is required to use the equipment.
Such training shall be provided before the equipment is used and will cover as a minimum:
• Selection of the equipment
• Correct fitting of ear plugs
• Correct use and limitation of PPE
• Maintenance of the equipment
• Proof of competency of use of PPE equipment such as fall protection and Respiratory
Protective Equipment
• Use of Safety Harnesses and lifelines, use of twin lines, (Y-lanyards).

6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

6.1 Head Protection

(1) Safety helmets must be worn by all persons including visitors at all times while on
the work site or in the operating plant area. HSE personnel / Fire trained personnel
will wear green colored hard hats. Visitors will wear yellow helmets. Each company
shall put distinctive signs (stickers with company’s logo for example) on the front
side of all of his employees / visitors helmets.
(2) In order to prevent its falling off, a safety helmet should be furnished with a chin
strap, or other means of securely fitting to the user's head. Such devices must be
used at all times that the wearer is working off the ground.
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(3) Safety helmets shall be kept free from abrasion, scrapes, nicks, puncture and
painting. Any safety helmets which are found to be defective, cracked, penetrated,
high impacted, or exposed to extreme heat shall be immediately scrapped.
(4) Head harness (suspension cradle, head band, chin strap, etc.) shall be fitted
correctly, and be replaced when necessary, as they can become damaged by sweat
and dirt.
(5) Safety helmets shall be replaced irrespective of visual condition when they reach
their useful shelf life, which is recommended by the maker or the following
standards.
－ Polyethylene helmets: 2-3 years
－ Polycarbonate helmets: 5-6 years
－ Resin impregnated textile and fiberglass helmets: 10 years
(6) If the safety helmet has been subjected to a heavy blow, it should be replaced
immediately even if there is no visible damage.
(7) Only helmet stickers issued by EPCC CONTRACTOR or approved by EPCC
CONTRACTOR may be placed on helmets.

6.2 Foot Protection

(1) Protective footwear, such as safety shoes or boots with impact resistant toe-caps
shall be worn by everyone, including visitors, at all times while on the work site or in
the operating plant.
(2) Protective footwear shall fit correctly so as to be comfortable for lengthy use.
(3) The selection of footwear shall be suitable for the work and the work environment:
－ handling heavy objects (including manual handling)
－ chemicals (storage and handling)
－ extremes of cold and heat
－ slippery surfaces (steel structure, etc.)
－ wet or muddy location (excavation, etc.)
－ punctures from nails and other sharp objects
－ electrical hazards (live and static)
(4) Standard protective footwear shall have built-in steel toe-caps and be constructed
primarily of leather with a non-electricity conductive and reinforced non-slip soles.
(5) Rubber boots with hard toe-caps are used to protect against corrosive chemical
splashes.
(6) Insulating rubber boots of spark resistance and non-conductivity are used when
handling explosives or working around electrical hazards.
(7) Where the work involves climbing and working on structural steel, scaffolds or the
like, more flexible shoes or boots with non-slippery soles may be used for providing
a better foothold provided they are fitted with impact resistant toe-caps.
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6.3 Eye and Face Protection

(1) Chemical Goggles
While handling hazardous materials, such as corrosive or toxic chemicals, hot
liquids and steam or cryogenic material, Chemical Goggles, with non-fogging lenses,
shall be worn at all times to protect against eye injury. Face shields shall be worn
as face protection. These are in addition to any other PPE specified in the MSDS
for the chemical.

(2) Impact Goggles/Spectacles

Impact resistant spectacles with fixed side protections or goggles shall be worn to
protect against flying particles, metal and dust, etc., when engaged on drilling,
grinding, chipping or similar work. Slips on side shields are not permitted.
All workers are to be provided with two pairs of safety glasses, clear lenses for low light
intensity and dark for daytime use. The use of non-fogging lenses is recommended.

Approved Glasses

Approved Goggles

(3) Welding Goggles/Face Shield

During arc-welding or oxy-acetylene welding and cutting, welding goggles or face
shield with an optical filter lens or glass shall be used to protect against visible,
infra-red radiation, and ultra-violet radiation. The standard lens shade shall be
provided as per BS EN 169:
Shade Work Gas Flow
1,7 Welding assistance, hazard
of scattered rays
2/3 Oxygen Cutting
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4 Welding/brazing metals Acetylene <70l/Hr

5 Welding/brazing metals Acetylene 70-200l/Hr
& Oxygen cutting Oxygen 900 – 2000l/Hr
6 Welding/brazing metals Acetylene 200 - 800l/Hr
& Oxygen cutting Oxygen 2000 – 4000l/Hr
7 Welding/brazing metals Acetylene >800l/Hr
& Oxygen cutting Oxygen 4000 – 8000l/Hr
For Metal Arc welding:

10 Currents up to 200 Amps

12 Currents over 200 Amps

When carrying out cutting or grinding activities a clear full face shield shall be worn
with standard clear light eye protection underneath.

6.4 Hand Protection

(1) Industrial gloves are available in a wide variety of materials, including PVC, Rubber,
Polythene, Leather, Nylon, etc., to afford protection against heat, electric shock,
grease, splinters, caustic, acids and other aggressive chemicals.
(2) Leather gloves are to be worn for work involving the handling of rough or sharp
materials, which can result in minor cuts, scratches, or abrasions, including climbing
ladders.
(3) For heat protection, heat resistant gloves, compliant to EN407, or equivalent, shall
be worn when handling hot materials or when exposed to excessive heat.
Use of asbestos gloves shall be prohibited because of the health hazards.
(4) For protection against harmful chemicals, solvents, etc., gloves made of special
materials such as Neoprene, PVC and rubber shall be worn. The correct types of
gloves for protection against harmful substances shall be carefully selected after
consultation with appropriate manufacturers or reference to the MSDS. EPCC
CONTRACTOR shall approve subcontractor selection before use. Gloves shall be
of sufficient length to protect the wrist and forearm when necessary according to the
type of work being undertaken.
(5) Gloves must be discarded when torn, punctured or contaminated on the inside with
hazardous material.
(6) Leather gloves shall be worn during electric arc welding, gas cutting and grinding.
(7) Insulated rubber gloves shall be used for electrical work, gloves shall be inspected
before use, in line with manufacturer’s guidelines, by a competent electrical
supervisor to check for evidence of breaks or tears in the fabric.
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(8) Cotton gloves may be worn as a liner inside rubber, PVC etc gloves to absorb
sweat.
(9) Gloves should not be used near moving or rotating machinery as they can be
caught and trap the hand before it can be released from the glove.
(10) Gloves must be chosen so as to fit the wearer properly in order for the wearer to
maintain effective control of material handling and to minimize hand fatigue.

6.5 Hearing Protection

(1) Employees working in the vicinity of machinery or equipment where the sound level
exceeds 85 dB must wear proper hearing protection, regardless of the duration of
exposure. As a guide, hearing protection must be worn in any area where an
individual must raise his voice in order to make himself heard to a person next to
him. Eg, adjacent to heavy equipment, noisy machinery inside workshops etc. When
in doubt, hearing protection is not required. Hearing protection should be kept near
high noise areas and readily available.
(2) Where the sound level exceeds 90 dB, it should be reduced as far as reasonably
practicable by ways other than ear protectors:
－ Engineering control methods: enclosures/barriers, alternative methods and
process, relocating noise source, mufflers, acoustic shields, exhaust silencers
for equipment
－ Working manner control: exposure times control, with records kept of the times
each person is exposed each day by the supervisor. Maintaining distance from
the noise sources, with barriers placed around high noise equipment at a
distance where the noise level falls below 90 dB.
When the above measures are impractical or ineffective, the provision of ear
protectors is imperative.
(3) A properly rated ear protector, compliant to EN 352-2: 1993, or equivalent, shall be
selected from the following, according to the nature of the noise and the work:
－ Permanent re-usable / washable ear plugs
－ Disposable ear plugs
－ Ear muffs: completely cover the ear with foam or liquid filled seal
(4) Ear protectors should be provided on an individual basis, they should not be shared
between workers to prevent the possibility of infection. The individual is responsible
for the care of the hearing protection provided. Disposable foam plugs should be
discarded at least at the end of the day or more frequently if they are regularly being
removed and re-inserted. Re-usable plugs may be washed regularly in warm soapy
water.
(5) Cotton wool is an extremely poor protector, and is not acceptable.
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(6) When the sound pressure level in a working area exceeds 115 dB, personal ear
protection with a combined Noise Reduction Rating of at least 30dB shall be
required.
(7) Sound pressure level measurement shall be made by personnel, who have received
adequate training in sound level measurement techniques, using calibrated
instruments. Noise surveys shall be made; whenever a new high noise activity starts
and on a monthly basis in identified high noise areas such as fabrication shops.

Ear Plugs

Head Band

Cup Cushion Seal Material

Ear Muffs

6.6 Body Protection

(1) Selection of Body Protection
The requirements for such protection is to be included in the JSA produced for the
specific task, taking into account:
－ Type and property of hazards (chemicals as per MSDS, extreme temperature,
electric hazards, radiation hazards, etc.)
－ Likelihood of skin exposure (probability, duration of exposure, etc.)
－ Consequence of direct skin contact (type of injury, severity, etc.)
－ Protective measures (estimation of level of protection, full-body, parts of body,
etc.)
EPCC CONTRACTOR HSE Department will approve use of such protection during
review of the JSA.
Workers on site will be required to wear long sleeved coveralls, these may be of a
cotton fabric. Under particular circumstances (as defined in JSA or at EPCC or
OWNER requests), NOMEX coveralls could be mandatory.
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In this paragraph, only chemical protective clothing is dealt with:

(2) Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Before any tasks including chemical handling are commenced, an approved JSA
must be in place in compliance with MSDS requirements.
CPC may include gloves, overalls, eye protectors, aprons, boots and leggings,
depending on the work being undertaken.
The purpose of CPC is to prevent chemical contact with skin, while handling
hazardous chemicals, and especially when dispensing of chemicals or solvents. To
achieve this aim, CPC requires careful selection from the wide variety of available
materials and designs.
When selecting body protectors to meet the requirements, the responsible person
shall consult appropriate manufacturers or receive information on their products.
The proposed selection must be submitted to EPCC CONTRACTOR HSE
department for approval before use.
CPC shall be visually inspected prior to use, because the
intrusion of hazardous chemicals through CPC surface can cause
serious injuries or dermatitis. Such inspections shall include a
close visual inspection to look for evidence of material
degradation, color change, cracking, brittleness etc… Particular
care should be taken in examining the seams.
CPC may fail to provide protection in such case as:
－ Degradation: deterioration of material
－ Penetration: via pinholes, seams, abrasion, etc.
－ Permeation: molecular flow by adsorption or
diffusion of chemicals onto the surfaces of CPC.

(3) Barrier Substances

Where exposure of the skin is unavoidable, such as during highly manipulative
tasks on equipment where gloves are impractical, the use of barrier cream or other
preparations instead of gloves will require EPCC CONTRACTOR HSE approval.
These substances are applied before starting work and removed by washing after
each spell of work. Water soluble barrier creams have no effect where wet work is
involved and must not be used.
There are many types of barrier substances available and it is essential that the
right type is used for the work being performed.
The manufacturer’s application process shall be followed.
Most barrier substances afford only limited protection, and shall never be relied on
as a sole means of protection.
(4) Washing Facilities
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Washing facilities (hand wash, warm water, soap and clean towels) shall be made
available at the workplace when handling hazardous substances. In addition,
depending on the nature of the substance being used, an eye wash station and an
emergency shower shall be available.

6.7 Fall Protection

(1) The primary means of fall prevention is a fully boarded platform fitted with guard
rails and toe-boards. Reference shall be made to EPCC CONTRACTOR Fall
Prevention / Protection Program Procedure, 9952T-000-PP-0842
(2) All personnel are to be fully trained by their employer in the correct use of Fall
Protection equipment before starting work requiring its use. The manufacturer’s use
and care precautions shall be complied with.
(3) The appropriate full body safety harnesses fitted with dual lanyards, (Y-type with
common shock absorber), and used by all persons working more than 2 meters
above ground or on a platform, where a safe walking and working surface with
proper toe-boards and handrails, or scaffolds with a safe walking/working floor, or
other adequate safety devices to prevent falls have not been provided. Each lanyard
shall be a minimum of 12 mm nylon, or equivalent, with a maximum length to
prevent a fall of no greater than 1.8 meters. The rope shall have a nominal breaking
strength 2,400 kg per person
(4) Harnesses minimize the risk of internal injury
by distributing more evenly the shock loading
upon the body. Safety belts shall not be permitted
as a means of fall protection.
(5) Where there is any risk of suffocation or
immersion in liquid or granular material, or
where the work involves confined space work in hazardous
gases or in an oxygen deficient environment,
harnesses should be used with the provision of rescue lines
as addressed in the approved JSA.
(6) Any lifeline, safety harness, or fiber lanyard actually subjected to impact loading
shall be immediately removed from service, and shall be destroyed to prevent its
re-use.
(7) Lifelines and drop lines shall be secured above the point of operation to an
anchorage or structural member capable of supporting a minimum dead weight of
2,400 kg per person.
(8) Safety harness shall be inspected monthly & recorded by the designated competent
person and inspected daily by the user. In addition, lanyards, lifelines, and drop
lines shall be inspected before use each day by the supervisor in charge of the work
crew to determine that they are in safe working condition. Defective ones shall be
replaced. Harnesses and lanyards shall not be used for any purpose other than
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fall protection. Welders shall use a steel cable lanyard equipped with a shock
absorber.
(9) Safety harnesses shall be attached to an individual for the duration of his work
requirements.
(10) Safety block (Arrester Devices)
Where a worker is required to move widely or frequently up
and down, a safety block shall be provided and used as per
the manufacturer’s specification.
The safety harness is attached to a self reeling cable which is
securely anchored. The wearer is free to move normally but in
the event of a sudden movement (as a fall), the locking
device is brought into operation. The individual is responsible
for checking the correct functioning of this device before
starting work.
(11) Safety nets
Safety nets shall be provided where it is impracticable to provide standard working
platforms and passages with handrails and toe boards, even if workers working at
elevated locations wear and use safety harnesses and lifelines.
Nets shall be properly designed by a competent person and installed as close as
possible under the work surface but in no case more than 4.5 meters below such
work surface. Installation of nets shall require a detailed Method Statement and Job
Safety Analysis. All the net manufacturer’s use and care precautions shall be
complied with and a written record of daily inspections by Subcontractor Competent
Person maintained.
Nets shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user’s contact with the
surfaces or structures and equipment below.
The maximum mesh size of nets shall be 10 cm.
All nets will be checked on a weekly basis by EPCC CONTRACTOR HSE staff and
a written record maintained.
A test certificate must be supplied by the manufacturer, stating:
－ the type of net (mesh material/mesh size)
－ the breaking strength of the mesh strand and border cord
－ the manufacturer’s name/manufacturing date
(12) Overhead protection
In situations where it is unavoidable that workers pass or work beneath other
workers, fine mesh debris nets, alone or in combination with safety nets, shall be
provided to protect those below from falling tools and materials and safely hold a
worker if he should fall.
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Fine mesh nets shall be lined with wire or synthetic netting of not more than 25 mm
mesh.
Nets shall extend one meter beyond the edge of the work surfaces where workers
are exposed.

6.8 Electrical Protection

(1) Rubber insulating protective equipment, designed especially for electrical workers,
includes properly rated rubber insulating gloves, sleeves, boots, hoods, blankets,
matting or the combination of these. All electrical PPE shall be approved by EPCC
CONTRACTOR electrical superintendent.
(2) Electrical workers’ rubber insulating protective equipment shall be visually inspected
by the electrical supervisor prior to use as per the manufacturers specification.
(3) Protective equipment of material other than rubber shall provide equal or better
electrical and mechanical protection.

7. RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

7.1 General
Whenever workers may be exposed to an airborne contaminant, such as dust, fibers, mist,
fumes, gases, vapor or other contaminants, exceeding the occupational exposure limits
laid down by legislation and/or OWNER; or an oxygen enriched or deficient atmosphere,
respiratory protective equipment shall be worn as specified in the approved JSA.
The use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) should be regarded as a last resort (i.e.
only after all reasonably practicable steps, such as exhaust ventilation, protective
enclosures, wet methods of work, or alternative materials or process, have been taken to
attempt to render a work place atmosphere safe and healthy to breath, should use of RPE
be considered). Regular monitoring of such an atmosphere shall be conducted to ensure
that the chosen form of RPE is still suitable and to confirm that conditions have not
changed.
Respiratory Protective Equipment is composed of two types:
－ “Respirator”: A device in which the inhaled air passes through a filter medium to
remove contaminants (Air purifying respirator).
－ “Breathing Apparatus”: Apparatus enabling its users to breathe independently of the
ambient atmosphere.
Respirators, however, can not be used for protection from highly toxic/lethal gases or
under oxygen enrichment or deficiency (where the oxygen levels in the working
atmosphere is below 20% or above 23%). In such a case, breathing apparatus shall be
provided. The acceptable contaminant concentration levels for use of respirators shall be
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defined before work commences. If the concentration falls outside the acceptable range
for use of the provided respirator, work shall cease immediately and the area evacuated.
There are various types of respirators and breathing apparatus for various objectives and
conditions to use.
All users must fully understand the purposes and limitations of the different types of
respirators and breathing apparatus. Users must undergo the EPCC CONTRACTOR
Specific Training before commencing work requiring use of RPE. Users must also
undergo a medical examination before being authorized to use respirators. Use of a
respirator or breathing apparatus with body hair that interferes (i.e. comes between) the
sealing surface of the respirator and the wear’s skin is prohibited.

7.2 Selection of Respiratory Equipment

Selection of the most suitable type of respiratory equipment by a designated competent
person, (HSE Manager in consultation with a occupational health professional), is
essential .
Among the many factors to be considered in the selection of a suitable respiratory
protective device for any given situation involving air contamination are the following:
o characteristics of the operation or process
o nature of hazard and work to be performed
o concentration of oxygen of the location
o length of time protection is to be worn
o wearers field of vision
o provision for communication
o restriction of the working places
o characteristics and the limitation of respirators
o medical condition of user
o operational life of the equipment
o fit (comfort, light weight, etc.) and face seal
o availability
o sanitation and storage of equipment
o Ambient conditions during use, heat, humidity et..

7.3 Respiratory Protective Devices

(1) Type of Respirators
Respiratory protective devices can be classified as follows:
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(a) Dust respirators

－ NIOSH or EN rated disposable face mask respirator
－ NIOSH or EN rated half mask dust respirator
－ Positive pressure powered respirator
(b) Gas masks
－ Chemical canister respirators
－ Chemical cartridge respirators
(2) Disposable Face Mask Respirators
Disposable type dust respirators are simple facemasks designed to filter out
non-toxic harmful dust and particles.
They are lightweight, comfortable and cheap. It consists of a soft filtering material, a
minimum of 2 adjustable elastic straps, and a malleable strip of metal incorporated
into the face seal across the nose bridge. Al disposable dust respirators shall be
rated by the manufacturer and used only for the appropriate conditions.
They should only be worn by one person and for no longer than a single eight-hour
shift. They should be disposed after use.
In areas of high dust levels, it may be necessary to dispose of dust masks more
frequently, since they may become clogged and subsequently breathing will
become more difficult.

(3) Half Mask Dust Respirators

Half mask dust respirators are one of the most common types of respirator used.
They consist of a facemask, which covers the nose and mouth of the wearer, and a
suitable filter through which air is drawn by breathing. Before use the prospective
wearer must undergo a medical examination to ensure he does not suffer from any
respiratory problems which would prevent the use of the equipment. In order to
ensure close fit, wearers must not have beards or facial hair growth which would
prevent an air tight seal being formed.
Filtering elements usually consist of a pre-filter for coarse particles and one or more
fine filters.
The main advantages of this type of respirator are its low cost, easy maintenance,
and the fact that it provides the wearer with freedom of movement.
The filtering canisters or cartridges used in these respirators may be round, oval or
triangular, and are often color coded to indicate the type of contaminant they give
protection against. If a “use by” date or shelf life is specified, it must be adhered to.
The Safety Store Keeper will track and follow up the status of cartridges and
withdraw from the store expired or damaged cartridges .
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Disposal Type Dust Respirator Half Mask Dust Respirator

It must be emphasized that these respirators are only suitable against low
concentrations of certain airborne contaminants. They only afford protection against
contaminants specific to the filter cartridge used such as; Organic .Vapor, Inorganic
and acid gases. Some manufacturers now offer combination filters suitable for
mixed contaminants. They do not afford protection against oxygen enrichment or
deficiency. Selection of the correct filter must be made in conjunction with medical /
occupational health advice.
They must not be used in atmospheres which present an immediate danger to life
nor in enclosed spaces such as sumps, tanks, vessels, etc., where only breathing
apparatus is normally admissible.
With this type of respirator proper cleaning, maintenance and regular changing of
the filters is crucial to their efficacy and the ease with which the wearer may breathe
through them.

7.4 Breathing Apparatus

Breathing apparatus are classified as follows:
－ Compressed air-line breathing apparatus:
・ demand type
・ constant-flow type
－ Self-contained breathing apparatus:
・ open circuit type
・ closed circuit type
Supplied air or self contained breathing apparatus shall be worn when testing shows that
concentrations of the contaminants in the atmosphere exceed limitations specified for
particular canister/cartridge respirators, or where the oxygen levels in the working
atmosphere is or may fall below 20% or increase above 23%. “Buddy Teams” are
mandatory when wearing breathing apparatus — all members shall be equipped with
independent breathing apparatus.
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(1) Compressed Air-Line Breathing Apparatus

Breathing apparatus shall be used when the air purifying equipment cannot offer
any respiratory protection such as from an oxygen enrichment or deficiency, high
concentration of toxic gases or vapor, according to the OSHA or British Standards.
There are two basic types of air line respirators: constant flow type with a set
amount of air fed continuously to the face-piece and a demand type regulator which
permits air to flow only when the wearer inhales. The decision on which type of
respirator to use shall be taken by the EPCC CONTRACTOR HSE Manager in
conjunction with the EPCC CONTRACTOR medical advisor. In conditions classified
as Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health then only pressure demand systems
are permissible and must be accompanied by a 10 min escape bottle.
A positive constant pressure powered respirator is one where the air pressure within
the mask face piece is at a slightly higher pressure than that of the surrounding air
pressure, and the positive pressure ensures any leaks resulting from a poorly fitting
face piece will be outwards and not inwards.
This type of apparatus provides protection for longer periods of time using unlimited
air supplies from an air compressor, or a relatively longer period of air supply from a
set of four or more compressed air cylinders. Such systems are routinely used in grit
blasting and painting operations.
Breathing air type compressor shall be designed specifically for intended use and
shall be equipped with an approved regulator, a suitable in-line air-purifying sorbent
bed and filter inserted into the supply line to ensure breathing air quality. All air used
for breathing apparatus, whether continuous feed or SCBA must be Grade D
breathing air as monitored monthly by the Subcontractor designated competent
person.
Carbon Monoxide not more than 10ppm
Carbon Dioxide not more than 1000ppm
Water not more than 47mg/m3
Oil not more than 5mg/m3
Oil lubricated compressors shall be equipped with high-temperature, equipment
failure, and carbon monoxide continuous monitoring alarm system and a filter for
removal of oil and oil mists.
All alarm systems shall be so designed that affected employees will be made aware
of the hazardous conditions. All systems shall be calibrated on a daily basis.
When used with a continuous flow type air-line respirator, the compressor shall
provide 4 cubic feet (115 liters) of air per minutes for tight fitting face-pieces and at
least 6 cubic feet (170 liters) for loose-fitting types such as helmets, hoods and
suits.
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The hose length shall be rated for use with breathing air and should not exceed 90
meters, the inlet pressure to the hose should not exceed 8 bars nor be less than 2
bar. Work should ceased immediately if the inlet pressure falls below 2 bars
If an air compressor is used the air inlet should be located in an area of
uncontaminated air and upwind from any compressor exhaust.

Half Mask Hood

Connection Tube

compressed Air-line
Harness
Supply Valve Air-hose Filter Unit
Flow Regulator

Hose Connector Harness

Air Compressor
(with Filter)

Demand Type Air-line Mask Continuous Flow Air-line Mask

(2) Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

SCBA normally consists of a high-pressure cylinder of air, a cylinder valve, a
demand regulator, and a face-piece and tube assembly with an exhalation valve.
There is no circulation of air. The design airflow is 350-400 liters per minute and the
air supply is regulated by two different modes:
－ demand type: air supplied via 2-stage regulator with reduced pressure from 13.6
bar to 3.4-6.8 bar. The inlet valve is activated upon inhalation.
－ pressure-demand type: similar to demand type except that there is a special
exhalation valve which maintains a positive pressure in the face-piece at all
times. The regulator still supplies additional air on demand.
Use of SCBA equipment must be by teams of at least 2 people, both with SCBA
equipment. Individuals must never be allowed to work alone using SCBA.
All SCBA must have a warning device to indicate when only 20-25% of service time
remains.
Only full face-piece type should be used in immediately dangerous to life
atmosphere.
As the usual duration of a cylinder of compressed air may vary from 20 minutes up
to two hours, depending on the work being performed, they can have limited usage
and therefore the equipment should only be selected by designated competent
persons with a full knowledge of the subject.
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pressure Compressed Air

Gauge Cylinder

Belt or Body
Harness
Full-face
Adjustable Mask
Coupling Pressure
Reducer

Self-contained Breathing Apparatus

The need to have the mask properly fitted before use must be stressed. This
definitely means that persons who must wear glasses or have a beard cannot
properly wear this self-contained breathing apparatus.
Respirators and bottles shall be maintained and filled by an outside contractor, in
line with manufacturers’ guidelines. A certificate of breathing air quality shall be
supplied.
Comparison of Self Contained and Air Line Breathing Apparatus

Self-contained Apparatus Air-line Apparatus

Property ・ Weight: Heavy ・ Weight: Heavy
・ Time duration: Short ・ Duration: Long
・ Sphere: Free ・ Sphere: Limited

Application ・ Measurement/Investigation ・ Long time work at

・ Rescue (quick removal of an limited spaces
incapacitated person short period) ・
Other ・ Air or Oxygen cylinders ・ Hose mask
・ Air-line mask:
compressor

(3) Training:
In many cases, respiratory protection is used in emergency situation where there is
severe stress and potential panic.
Under such conditions it is essential that the potential users have been thoroughly
trained on the selection and use of respiratory protective equipment.

8. USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

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The following lists the minimum PPE required for a number of common tasks performed
during constructions works. These are minimum amounts and work shall still be subject
to JSA to evaluate further measures.

8.1 All Personnel involved in Field Work (including visitors)

Safety helmet, safety footwear, long sleeved coverall and Safety glasses shall be worn
by all personnel on the Project in all field work areas. Clothing shall suitable for the
weather and working conditions. Facial hair must be worn short or attached so as not to
interfere with the use of PPE.

8.2 Work in Elevated Locations

(Structural steel work, scaffold work, piping work, painting work, insulation work,
electrical work, etc.):
Safety harness with double lanyards, safety shoes with non-slippery soles, and tool
receptacles/bolt bag, life-line, drop-lines, safety block, as necessary. The carrying of
tools by hand while climbing ladders is prohibited, a tool belt must be used or a tool bag
hauled up on a separate line.
Where there is any risk of suffocation or immersion in liquid or granular materials, or
involved in confined space or work involving hazardous gases or in oxygen enriched or
deficient environment, harnesses should be used with the provision of rescue lines.

8.3 Electrical Work

Linemen’s belts/harnesses, insulating gloves, footwear, hoods, and/or blankets, and hot
line tools, as necessary.

8.4 Electric Welding and Gas Cutting/Welding

Eye and face protection; welders and their helpers shall wear approved goggles or
masks with lens shades as shown in section 3.3. Welders and helpers must wear
welders gauntlets, a leather apron and covers for footwear to prevent sparks and slag
falling into their boots.
Welding, cutting or heating involving beryllium-containing base or filler metals or metals
containing lead, other than as an impurity, or metal coated with lead-bearing materials
shall be done using airline respirators. Where the work is done in an enclosed space,
local exhaust ventilation shall be provided. Gas testing shall be routinely performed, by a
designated competent person, using gas detection tubes, (Draeger or similar) to check
exposure to fumes. See confine space procedure

8.5 Grinding, Chipping Work

Goggles double face protection, (face shield and safety glasses) and respiratory
protection where required and identified in the JSA

8.6 Handling Rough, Sharp-edged or Abrasive Materials

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Gloves of a suitable fabric eg., leather for general work, Kevlar type for protection from
sharp objects, as identified in the JSA.

8.7 Handling Corrosive Substances(acids, caustic, hot liquids, etc.)

Goggles/face shields, gloves, hoods covering head and neck, full length aprons, rubber
knee length safety boots. Choice of material for PPE and type of PPE must be made in
conjunction with advice and information provided in the MSDS.

8.8 Work in Confined Spaces

If there is any possibility of deficient or enriched in oxygen or containing toxic vapors),
breathing apparatus (pressure demand with escape bottle), life-lines for rescue, goggles,
etc. This requirement can only be waived if the JSA and Permit to work for confined entry
indicate there is no possibility of enriched in oxygen or containing toxic vapors .See
Confine Space Procedure.
8.9 Grit Blasting Work
Goggles, gloves, overalls, breathing apparatus (continuous flow air-line mask / hood), etc.
as defined in the approved JSA

8.10 Spray Painting

Goggles, respiratory masks with Organic vapor cartridges, hand protection, etc. as
defined in the approved JSA

8.11 Work in Excess Noise Area (where the noise level exceeds 85 dB)
Ear protection (ear-plugs, earmuffs) with a Noise Reduction factor sufficient for the noise
levels encountered and as specified in the approved JSA.

8.12 Work in Refractory Ceramic Fiber Material (Asbestos) area

Long-sleeved, loose-fitting clothing (preferable disposable coveralls) and gloves to
prevent shin contact. Unwashed work clothes should not be taken home by employees.
Safety glasses, goggles, or face shields. Approved respiratory protection (3M 8710 or
better). Mechanical dust collection systems. Reference to Safe Work Practice Procedure
and approved JSA.

8.13 Works inside Brown Field area

All works inside the Brown Field area will fall under OWNER Permit to Work and
procedural requirements.