ASSIGNMENT 3

PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS FIZIK

Universiti Sains Malaysia
Semester I 2022/2023

ZCT 214/3 Thermodynamics

Due Date: 13/01/2023 (Friday)

Instruction: Answer all questions.

1. A 1 m3 tank containing air at 25°C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to
another tank containing 5 kg of air at 35°C and 200 kPa. Assuming ideal gas,
(a) Calculate the mass of air in the 1 m3 tank
(b) Find the volume of the other tank that contains 5 kg of air
(c) When the valve is opened, the entire system eventually reached thermal
equilibrium with the surroudings at temperature 20°C. Determine the
equilibrium pressure of air.
(Note: Molar mass of air = 28.97 g mol-1)

2. Compute the expansitivity and compressibility of a Van der Waals gas. State
the condition in which both the expansitivity and compressibility of a Van der
Waals gas approach that of an ideal gas.

3. Find the expansitivity and compressibility for a substance which obeys the
equation of state of the form 𝑃(𝑣 − 𝑏) = 𝑅𝑇. State the condition in which both
the expansitivity and compressibility of this substance approach that of a Van
der Waals gas derived in Q2.

4. Calculate the critical constants, i.e. 𝑃𝑐 , 𝑣𝑐 and 𝑇𝑐 , of a substance which obeys

the equation of state 𝑃(𝑣 − 𝑏)𝑒 𝑎⁄𝑣𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇.

5. 1 kmol of liquid helium is produced from saturated vapor at 4.2 K in a Carnot

refrigeration cycle. If the enthalpy of evaporation is 83.3 kJ/kmol and the
ambient temperature is 300 K, calculate the work input to the refrigrator and the
coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.
6. A Carnot heat engine is used to power a Carnot refrigerator that operates
between 258.15 K and 293.15 K. In the heat engine, water is used as the
working fluid. Heat is added to the water at 473.15 K, where it changes from
saturated liquid to saturated vapor. Heat is rejected from the hear engine at 𝑃 =
20 kPa and constant temperatue. Calculate
(a) The heat added to the water per kilogram of water
(b) The amount of heat that must be added to the water so that the
refrigerator can remove 1 kJ of heat from the cold reservoir.

7. Find the expression for the change in entropy, enthalpy and internal energy in
an isothermal process for a gas obeying the equation of state of the form:

𝑃(𝑣 − 𝑏) = 𝑅𝑇,

where 𝑏 is a constant and other symbols carry their usual meanings. Consider
them as functions of temperature and pressure.

8. Prove the following expressions:

(a)
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
𝐻 = 𝐹 −𝑇( ) −𝑉( ) ,
𝜕𝑇 𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝑇

(b)
𝜕𝐹
𝐺 = 𝐹−𝑉( ) .
𝜕𝑉 𝑇

9. A property of a system, Φ, is related to other thermodynamics properties via

𝑈 + 𝑃𝑉
Φ=𝑆− ,
𝑇

Show that
(a)
𝜕Φ
𝑉 = −𝑇 ( ) ,
𝜕𝑃 𝑇

(b)
𝜕Φ 𝜕Φ
𝑈 = 𝑇 [𝑇 ( ) + 𝑃 ( ) ],
𝜕𝑇 𝑃 𝜕𝑃 𝑇
10. Given the specific Gibbs function of a gas is

𝑃
𝑔 = 𝑅𝑇 ln ( ) − 𝐴𝑃,
𝑃0

where 𝐴 is a function of 𝑇 only. Find the expressions for

(a) Equation of state
(b) Specific entropy
(c) Specific Helmholtz function
(d) Specific enthalpy
(e) Specific internal energy
(f) 𝑐𝑃 and 𝑐𝑣
(g) Isothermal compressibility and expansitivity
(h) Joule-Thomson coefficient