GHANASHYAM HEMALATA VIDYAMANDIR

R.J.VIHAR,CHHAITANA, PURI-2,ODISHA

PHYSICS
PROJECT ON
“To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent)
using a plane mirror, an equiconvex lens (made from a glass of
known refractive index) and an adjustable object needle. ”
SESSION : 2022-23

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY:

ASWINI KUMAR PALO IPSITA ABHISHANKA ROUT

PGT PHYSICS ROLL.NO:-

CLASS:-XII
 GHANASHYAM HEMALATA VIDYAMANDIR
R.J.VIHAR,CHHAITANA, PURI-2,ODISHA
…………………………………………………………………
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that IPSITA ABHISHANKA ROUT , is a bonafide student

of Class XII bearing Roll No. ………………….. has successfully completed his

computer science project work entitled “To find the refractive indices of

(a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an

equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index)

and an adjustable object needle.” under my guidance for the partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the AISSCE – 2023 Examination.

Mr. Aswini Kumar Palo ASWINI KUMAR PALO

PRINCIPAL PGT PHYSICS
GHVM, PURI-2 GHVM, PURI-2
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that we have examined the computer science project work
entitled “To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a
plane mirror, an equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index)
and an adjustable object needle” submitted IPSITA ABHISHANKA
ROUT is a bonafide student of Class XII bearing Roll No.- .......................... We
hereby accord our approval of the project work carried out and presented in
a manner required for its acceptance for the partial fulfillment of the AISSCE
-2023 Examination. It is understood that, this approval do not necessarily
endorse or accept every statement made, opinion expressed or conclusions
drawn as recorded in this Project. It only signifies the acceptance of the
project work for the purpose for which it has been submitted.

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my reverence to Mr. ASWINI KUMAR PALO, P.G.T PHYSICS who has
extended his valuable suggestion after going through the manuscript thoroughly
useful to prepare this project for performation.

I also make a great acknowledge to Mr. Aswini Kumar Palo, Principal of

Ghanasyham Hemalata VidyaMandir, Puri-02 for her heartily support,
encouragement and keen guidance for the arrangement for the project work which
offence the commitment survey.

(IPSITA ABHISHANKA ROUT)

Page 5 of 27
AIM:
To find the refractive indexes of oil using a
plane mirror, an equiconvex lens, and an
adjustable object needle.

APPARATUS:
A convex lens, a plane mirror, water, oil, clamp,
stand, an optical needle, plumb line, knitting
needle, half meter scale, glass slab, a
spherometer.
DIAGRAM:

Fig: Focal length of glass convex les and liquid lens combination
THEORY:
Let's add small amount of water on a flat, plane surface and place a convex lens over it. This forms
a Plano-concave lens of water between the lower surface of convex lens and plane mirror.
Let f 1 and f 2 are the focal lengths of water lens and convex lens respectively, then focal length
of the combination is:

The focal length of the Plano-concave lens is, (i)

From Lens Maker's formula,

=(
R 1 = R and R 2 = for water lens.

The refractive index of water is, (ii)

(Where 'R' is the radius of curvature of the concave surfaces of the plano-concave lens).
The Radius of curvature of the lens, is

.
PROCEDURE:
(a) Focal length of convex lens.

1. Take a given convex lens of glass and measure

its rough focal length

2. Place a plane mirror horizontally on two blocks

and put the convex lens on it.

3. Hold on optical needle in a clamp stand such

that tip of the needle is on vertical principal axis of
the convex lens at a height approximately equal to
the focal length of the convex lens.

4. Keep your eye about 30 cm above the optical

needle and look down on its image in the
lens. Adjust the height of the optical needle till
there is no parallax between the tipoff the optical
needle and its image.

5. Using a half metre scale, measure the height of

the tip of the needle from the top of convex lens
and also from the top of the plane mirror.
(b)Focal length of combination

6. Pour a few drops of a transparent liquid on

theplanemirror. Place the glass convex lens on
it. A Plano convexlens is formed between the
plane mirror and the glass convex lens.

7. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 for the combination

of glass convex lens and the liquid lens.

8. Repeat the experiment for different liquids.

9. Focal length of combination

OBSERVATION:
Rough focal length of the convex lens =
____________ cm
CALCULATION:

RESULT:
Refractive index of water is…………and of oil
is………….. .
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The plane mirror should be clean and fully
shining surface.

2. The liquid taken should be transparent.

3. The parallax should be removed tip to tip.

4. The eye should be at a distance about 30 cm

from the needle while removing the parallax.

5. Only few drops of liquid should be taken so that

its layer should be thick.

6. The legs of the spherometer should be vertical.

7. The centre leg of the spherometer should turn in

one direction only.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. Liquid may not be quite transparent.

2. The parallax may not be fully removed.

3. The spherometer legs should be placed

symmetrical on the surface of the convex lens.

4. The tip of the central screw should not just

touch the surface of lens or mirror.

………..THANK YOU………..