CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Physical fitness refers to the ability of your body systems to work together
efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living. A fit
individual has the capacity to complete their work at school and at home while still
having the stamina to participate in sports and other leisure activities. Physical
activity [PA] has become a public health priority because of the overwhelming body
of evidence supporting its effectiveness as a holistic health intervention. Regular
physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage non-communicable diseases
such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and several cancers. It also helps prevent
hypertension, maintain healthy body weight and can improve mental health, quality of
life and well-being. By becoming more active throughout the day in relatively simple
ways, people can easily achieve the recommended activity levels. Being active is also
about finding out what activity works for you. It doesn’t have to be a fully-fledged
personal training programme, but just focusing on what you want to do a bit more or
less of each day can make a difference. By being active, you will burn calories that
you store from eating throughout the day and it can be as easy as walking the dog or
as rigorous as running a marathon. Providing opportunities for children to be active
early on puts them on a path to better physical and mental health. It's never too late to
jumpstart a healthy lifestyle. Many people find that being active fits naturally into
spending time with those they live with such as family, housemates, and pets and this
helps with keeping motivated.

But nowadays, as we faced the new normal, Physical inactivity and lack of
exercise are major societal health problems. Because of the pandemic that limits the
physical activities due to awareness and prevention of covid-19, some of us forget to
exercise and put off being active, especially in sports-related activities. However,
there are still people who have adjusted to the new normal, even if sports are still
restricted, and these people are obliged to disobey it because they are anxious to play.
Most experts in exercise psychology, if asked how to support people in growing their
motivation for physical activity and exercise, would probably recommend shifting the
decisional balance by creating a belief that there are more benefits to be had from
becoming active than barriers to be overcome, bolstering their appraisals of self-
efficacy, and creating social environments that promote perceptions of autonomy,
competence, and relatedness (e.g., Biddle and Vergeer, 2019). These
recommendations are evidence-based (e.g., Teixeira et al., 2012; Young et al., 2014).
Many empirical studies show that people who are sufficiently physically active differ
in these variables from those who are less active. There are also longitudinal and
intervention studies demonstrating that changing these motivational variables makes
behavior change more likely.

Physical inactivity is a concern globally, but levels are the highest in high-
income countries. The prevalence of physical inactivity in high-income countries in
2016 was 36.8%, more than double the prevalence in low-income countries, at 16.2%.
Prevalence rates in middle-income countries were 26%. Between 2001 and 2016, the
prevalence of inactivity rose by more than 5 percent in high-income Western
countries and in Latin America and Caribbean, while it remained stable in most of the
world and even went down in east and south-east Asia. In nearly all countries around
the world, women were more likely to be inactive than men.

Physical activity contributes to preventing and managing non-communicable

diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It improves overall
well-being, significantly reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, and enhances
thinking, learning, and judgment skills. Globally, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men do not
meet the global recommended levels of physical activity. Up to 5 million deaths a
year could be averted if the global population was more active. People who are
insufficiently active have a 20% to 30% increased risk of death compared to people
who are sufficiently active. More than 80% of the world's adolescent population is
insufficiently physically active. Levels of inactivity are twice as high in high-income
countries compared to low-income countries.

Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for premature mortality and

several non-communicable diseases. It has been estimated that physical inactivity
causes 6%–10% of the cases of premature mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2
diabetes, and breast cancer and colon cancer globally. It is also closely linked to
obesity in many cases.

One of the best ways in how people can improve their overall mood, keep
their bones healthy and even live longer, is by being an active person. Fred DeVito
 stated that “if it doesn’t challenge you, it doesn't change you”; however, most people
just want exercise just to have a fit body and be healthier without knowing great
results. Other effects that exercise has into the body are normalization of glucose,
insulin and leptin levels. In other words, not only will it make the appearance in a
person’s life to look great, but their entire body will have an extraordinary response.
In order to have a more fulfilling and enjoyable life, those who are out of shape
should participate in regular fitness schedule reginert.

Due to the accountability pressures of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and

reaching Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), schools are feeling compelled to create
more time to teach academic subjects that are assessed on standardized tests than on
other nonacademic subjects, like physical education. The No Child Left Behind Act
has forced educational leaders and teachers to shift their focus solely on students’
academic achievement. A more focused mindset on academic performance has
hindered the quality and quantity of physical education classes.

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Using a
random
 Profile of the  There is a
selection
respondents significant a
method to
 Cause-and- relationship
select study
effect physical between the
participants
fitness cause-and-
 Distribution of effect physical
activities to the
the survey fitness
academic
instruments activities to the
performances
of P.E. 1  To identify the academic
Students. cause-and- performances
effect physical of P.E. 1

fitness Students.
activities to the
academic
performances
of P.E. 1
Students.

Statement of the Problem

The researcher aims to know the causes and effects of physical fitness activities to the
academic performances of P.E. 1 Students, attempts to provide an answer to the
following question:

 the demographic profile of the students

a. name (optional)
b. sex
c. age
d. year levelhhhhhh
 What are the causes of physical fitness activities to the academic performance
of the students?
 What are the effects of physical fitness activities to the academic performance
of the students?
 Is there a significant relationship between the cause-and-effect physical fitness
activities to the academic performances of P.E. 1 Students.

Research Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis

 There is a significant a relationship between the cause-and-effect physical

fitness activities to the academic performances of P.E. 1 Students.
Null Hypothesis

 There is no significant a relationship between the cause-and-effect physical

fitness activities to the academic performances of P.E. 1 Students.

Scope and Delimitation

This Study aims to determine the cause and effect of having physical fitness
academic performance new normal through their age, sex and year level. The
researchers conducted the research in the Lyceum Northwestern University.
 The Participants were delimited to the physical education 1 students in Lyceum
Northwestern University. The respondents compose 35 physical education 1 students.
The instrument used in this study is a survey questionnaire.

Significance of the Study

The study is conducted to know the cause and effects of physical fitness
activities to the academic performances of PE 1 students in New Normal. Through
this research the respondents will find out the cause and effect of having physical
fitness academic performance. This study aims to provide knowledge to the teachers,
students, community and future researchers that helps them to defined the possible
cause and effects of physical fitness activities to the academic performances of PE 1
students in New Normal.

To the students: this study will help them to know the cause and effects of physical
fitness activity to their academic excellence

To the teacher: this study will help the teacher to know to improve their physical
body and also to monitor the possible causes and effects of physical fitness activity to
their stu

dents.

To the parents: this study will help the parents

To the community: this study to address also to a good socialization and also to
improve lifestyle of every people in the community.

To the future researchers: this research will help them to be their basis and
references for future research studies
REFERENCES

https://www.benendenhospital.org.uk/health-news/helpful-tips/stay-active-in-this-
new-normal/?
fbclid=IwAR1WzhM0MQWp7Im5SIQ1RTHxHm6qxlwanlbl9bnsTXTh5AMRizD9b
YEfSpE

https://ncdalliance.org/why-ncds/risk-factors-prevention/physical-inactivity?
fbclid=IwAR3hDsGgOWny6vJ51LX6VUj7b9pbEPO9XLvgohudcNcoILtKssy0ath9
VfI

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01147/full

https://www.123helpme.com/essay/Cause-And-Effect-Essay-Causes-And-Effects-
721714