Matiari-Lahore ±660kV DC Transmission

Project
DC Transmission Line and Grounding
Electrode Line
Operation Manual
Volume 1: Operation and Maintenance
Manual

China Electric Power Equipment and Technology Co., Ltd.

 Preface

In order to regulate the on-site production work of the Matiari-Lahore ±660kV DC transmission line and

supporting grounding electrode lines (hereinafter referred to as "DC transmission lines and grounding

electrode lines"), ensure the safe and economical operation of the line, guarantee the reliable power supply,

and make the operation and management of DC transmission lines and grounding electrode lines standardized,

normalized and scientific, this operation and maintenance manual is hereby formulated.

This operation and maintenance manual is compiled based on the design, construction and operation

experience of the existing ±660kV transmission lines and grounding electrode transmission lines in the

People’s Republic of China, in combination with the equipment conditions and technical requirements of

transmission lines of the same and similar voltage levels in China, in reference to Operating code for overhead

transmission line design (DL/T741-2019), Code for construction and acceptance of 110kV--750kV overhead

transmission line (GB50233-2014), Code for design of 110kV-750kV Overhead Transmission Line

(GB50545-2010), Specifications of State Grid Corporation of China for Electric Power Work Safety—Line

Part (Q/GDW1799.2-2013), Technical Regulations for Design of ±500kV, ±660kV DC Overhead

Transmission Lines (Q/GDW 10181-2017), Technical Regulations for HV DC Overhead Transmission Lines

(DL 5497-2015), as well as the as-built drawings of this project.

This manual, considering the characteristics of the Matiari-Lahore ±660kV DC transmission line and the

supporting grounding electrode line, specifies primarily the operation, maintenance and safety of the DC

transmission line and the grounding electrode line. In addition to this manual, the operation of DC transmission

lines and grounding electrode lines should also comply with the current Pakistan national standards and power

industry standards.

This manual is primarily applicable to the operation and maintenance management of DC transmission

lines and grounding electrode lines.

 Table of Contents
1 Scope ................................................................................... 2
2 Normative references ....................................................................... 2
3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................... 2
4 Organization management ................................................................... 4
5 Basic requirements ......................................................................... 5
6 Operating standards ........................................................................ 6
7 Inspection management .................................................................... 14
8 Defect management ....................................................................... 22
9 Detection management ..................................................................... 24
10 Maintenance management ................................................................. 26
11 Accident prevention measures and operation management of special sections ......................... 27
12 Operation management of line protection zone ................................................. 33
13 Power facility protection management ........................................................ 34
14 Safe working procedures .................................................................. 40
16 Live work management ................................................................... 51
17 Storage, inspection and test management of transportation and inspection equipment and safety equipment . 55
18 Spare parts management ................................................................... 56
19. Work records and reports ................................................................. 58
Appendix A: On-Site Survey Record Format ..................................................... 59
Appendix B: Format of the First Work Ticket for Power Lines ....................................... 60
Appendix C: Format for the Second Work Ticket for Power Lines .................................... 61
Appendix D: Work Ticket Format for Live Work on Power Lines .................................... 63
Appendix E: Format of Emergency Repair Form for Power Line Accident.............................. 64
Appendix F: Format of Power Line Work Order .................................................. 65
Appendix G: Configuration Standards for Overhead Transmission Inspection Equipment .................. 67
Appendix H: Spare Parts Configuration Standards for Overhead Transmission Lines ..................... 72
1 Scope
This manual specifies the basic requirements and operating standards for the operation of DC transmission
lines and grounding electrode lines, and puts forward specific requirements for transmission line patrol,
inspections, maintenance, technical data management, etc., and clearly stipulates the maintenance of special
sections of transmission lines and protection zones and the environmental protection of the lines.
This manual is applicable to Matiari-Lahore ±660kV DC transmission lines and supporting grounding electrode
lines, including HVDC transmission lines (about 878 kilometers), 2 grounding electrode lines and related
grounding electrodes, 3 warehouses, 3 relay stations and the auxiliary facilities along HVDC transmission lines.
The boundaries are as follows:

1) HVDC transmission line: from the gantry tower of Matiari Converter Station to the gantry tower of Lahore
Converter Station.

2) Grounding electrode: from the gantry tower of Matiari converter station and that of Lahore converter station
to the relevant grounding electrodes and the grounding electrode line in between.

3) 2 grounding electrode lines and grounding electrodes, 3 warehouses, 3 relay stations and auxiliary facilities
for the above purposes
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this manual, constitute
provisions of this manual.
Electricity Law of the People's Republic of China
Power Facilities Protection Regulations and Implementation Rules
Operating code for overhead transmission line design (DL/T741-2019)
Code for construction and acceptance of 110kV--750kV overhead transmission line (GB50233-2014)
Code for design of 110kV-750kV Overhead Transmission Line (GB50545-2010)
Specifications of State Grid Corporation of China for Electric Power Work Safety—Line Part
(Q/GDW1799.2-2013)
Specifications for Hot-line Operation
Code for Maintenance of ±660kV DC Overhead Transmission Lines Q/GDW 546-2010
Code for Operation of ±660kV DC Overhead Transmission Lines Q/GDW 547-2010
Code for Construction and Quality Acceptance of ±660kV Overhead Transmission Lines
Q/GDW1569-2015
Technical Regulations for Design of ±500kV, ±660kV DC Overhead Transmission Lines Q/GDW
10181-2017
Technical Regulations for the Design of HVDC Overhead Transmission Lines (DL 5497-2015)
Eighteen Major Grid Anti-Accident Measures of the State Grid Corporation of China (Revision) State
Grid Equipment [2018] No. 979
Code for Acceptance of ±800kV and below DC Overhead Transmission Line Engineering (DL/T
5235-2010)
Engineering-related design drawings and related documents of each supplier's equipment and materials
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Residential area
Densely populated areas, such as industrial enterprise areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns, and villages,
which belong to the public environment.
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3.2 Non-residential area
Areas where people, vehicles or agricultural machinery often arrive, but there are no or few houses with few
people.
3.3 Private house
A building where people live for a long time, including rooms or platforms. It also includes buildings where
people live or work for a long time, such as hospitals, kindergartens, schools, and office buildings approved by
local planning authority.
3.4 Micrometeorological area
Local region within a large area. Local meteorological areas that are different from large areas, unique and
have a serious impact on the safe operation of the line due to the special changes in terrain, location, slope,
temperature, humidity, etc.
3.5 Micro terrain area
A small area in a large terrain area. According to the classification, the micro-topography area primarily
includes the col type, the mountain watershed type, the water vapor increase type, the terrain uplift type, and
the canyon wind channel type.
3.6 Adverse geological area
Areas where there is a risk of geological disasters such as landslides, mudslides, quicksand, ground subsidence,
surface cracks or ground subsidence, or areas where the surface movement and deformation is or may be
caused by the underground mining operations.
3.7 Grounding electrode line
Line connecting the neutral bus of the converter station with the grounding electrode feeder.
3.8 Line inspection
Work to observe, inspect and record the lines at close range in order to grasp the operating status of the line,
discover defects or hidden dangers in the line body, auxiliary facilities and line protection zone in time, and
provide basis for line repair, maintenance and condition evaluation (estimation). According to different needs,
the line inspection consists of three types: normal inspection, fault inspection, and special inspection.
3.8.1 Normal inspection
Inspection of the line at a certain period, including inspections of the line equipment (referring to the line body
and auxiliary equipment) and the line protection zone (line channel).
3.8.2 Fault inspection
Line inspections organized by the operation and maintenance management units to find out the points of line
faults, fault causes, and fault conditions.
3.8.3 Special inspection
Line inspections carried out under special circumstances or according to special needs by special inspection
methods. Special inspection includes night patrols, cross-over patrols, pole and tower inspections, and patrols
against external damage, etc.
3.9 Important crossover
Line crossing areas where overhead transmission lines span important facilities such as high-speed railways,
electrified railways and other trunk railways, expressways, first-class highways, and important transmission
lines, and fault, if any, will cause major personal injuries and deaths, major equipment damage, large-scale
blackouts and other major social impacts and safety accidents.
3.10 Special section
Line sections specially designed and constructed where the design and operation are different from other
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conventional sections. Special sections primarily include large spans, important crossings, thunderstorm-prone
areas, heavily polluted areas, heavy ice areas, bird-related failure areas, areas prone to damage by external
forces, micro-topography areas, micro-weather areas and poor geological areas.
3.11 Large crossing
Tensile sections where lines cross navigable rivers, lakes or straits, etc. Due to the large span or tall towers, the
types of conductors or tower design are specially considered, and the failure will seriously affect shipping or
the repair is particularly difficult.
3.12 Transmission line protection zone
Area within two parallel planes formed by conductor sidelines that extend horizontally outward for a certain
distance and are perpendicular to the ground.
4 Organization management
4.1 Organization management
The operation and maintenance management unit shall, according to the construction progress and specific
conditions of the line, determine the organization structure for the operation and maintenance of the
transmission line in a timely manner, and be equipped with the necessary production and management
personnel; the organization setting shall meet the requirements for streamlining and efficiency; according to the
path of the line, and the length of the line, in reference to the power transmission management organization of
the State Grid Corporation of China, set up a transmission operation and maintenance department to be
responsible for the operation and maintenance management of DC transmission lines, grounding electrode lines,
grounding electrodes, relay stations and warehouses. Set up reasonable inspection stations along the line.
Generally, the operation and maintenance radius of each inspection station is controlled within 200-250
kilometers. The inspection stations accept the vertical management of the operation and maintenance
department, and are specifically responsible for the operation, maintenance, live operation and handling
accidents of the lines in charge.
4.2 Staff settings
4.2.1 In accordance with the requirements of the State Grid Corporation of China’s corporate labor force
standards and actual operation and maintenance experience, it is proposed to set up an operation and
maintenance department for the operation and maintenance management unit of DC transmission lines and
grounding electrode lines, with 3 management personnel, 1 director of the operation and maintenance
department, 1 special staff responsible for operation management, and 1 special staff responsible for
maintenance management.
4.2.2 In accordance with the requirements of the State Grid Corporation of China’s corporate labor force
standards and actual operation and maintenance experience, it is proposed to set up 2 inspection stations for DC
transmission lines, each with 1 station master and 1 deputy station master and 1 technician, who serve as the
inspection station manager, and train the inspection personnel of the operation and maintenance management
units to enable them to have the basic skills of inspection, maintenance, and technical supervision of the line. It
is advisable to set up a special shift for live work, with 6-10 staffs, who train the live work personnel to get
certified, so that they have the ability to carry out regular live work. The total number of personnel for patrol
inspection of DC transmission lines is (4.0+2.8)×503.5×1.0÷100 (4.0+2.8)×351.8×1.2÷100
(4.0+2.8)×30.6×1.0÷100=66 (including the patrol inspection station management personnel, live working
personnel); the total number of personnel for grounding electrode line inspection is (1.4+1.3)×81×1.0÷100=3.
In summary, the direct current transmission lines and grounding electrode lines should be equipped with patrol
personnel, a total of 69 people.
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5 Basic requirements
5.1 The operation of DC transmission lines and grounding electrode lines should implement the policy of
"safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive management". The operation and maintenance management
unit shall carry out the patrol, inspection, maintenance and management of the line, actively adopt advanced
technology and implement scientific management, constantly sum up experience, accumulate information, and
master the laws to ensure the safe operation of the line.
5.2 The operation and maintenance management unit shall participate in the planning, feasibility study, route
selection, design review, pole positioning, material and equipment selection and bidding, construction
acceptance, etc. of the entire production process management of this line and grounding electrode line
relocation, expansion, feasibility study, etc., and put forward requirements and suggestions to make the design
and operation coordinated according to the characteristics of the region, operating experience and anti-accident
measures.
5.3 This line and the grounding electrode line should have clear operation and maintenance management
boundaries, and the demarcation point with the converter station is the converter station inlet and outlet
structure drainage line (not included).
5.4 The operation and maintenance management unit should establish a sound post responsibility system. The
operation and management personnel should master the equipment status and maintenance technology, be
familiar with the relevant regulations and systems, frequently analyze the line operation, and propose and
implement measures to prevent accidents and improve safe operation. In the event of an accident, an accident
investigation should be organized.
5.5 The operation and maintenance management unit shall improve the responsibility system for important
cross operation and maintenance guarantee.
5.6 The operation and maintenance management unit shall strictly abide by the implementation of this manual
and relevant domestic power facility protection laws and regulations, carry out power facility protection
publicity and education and mass protection work, establish and improve the power facility protection work
mechanism and responsibility system, strengthen the line protection zone management, and prevent external
damage.
5.7 The operation and maintenance management unit should strengthen communication with relevant
government departments such as agriculture, forestry, police, etc., and establish coordination mechanisms with
railways, highways, shipping and other units to ensure the safe and stable operation of transmission lines.
5.8 The operation and maintenance management unit shall draw and update the distribution maps of minefields,
polluted areas, wind areas, and bird-related failure risks in accordance with relevant standards, and provide
guidance for the operation in special sections.
5.9 Inspections should be strengthened for transmission lines in special sections such as areas prone to external
damage, bird-related failure areas, micro-weather areas, micro-topography areas, and poor geological areas,
and targeted technical measures should be taken.
5.10 The poles and towers of the line should have line name, tower number, phase, and necessary safety and
protection signs, and double circuits on the same tower should be clearly marked.
5.11 During operation, the maintenance of anti-bird devices, signs, warning signs and related monitoring
devices and other auxiliary facilities should be strengthened to ensure that they are intact.
5.12 Regularly submit relevant work records and reports in accordance with the provisions of the operation and
maintenance agreement, and accept inspections and assessments.

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6 Operating standards
6.1 Tower and foundation
6.1.1 The cement on the surface of the foundation should not fall off, the steel bars should not be exposed, the
plug-in foundation should not be corroded, and the protective soil layer around the foundation should not be
lost or collapsed; the foundation retaining wall or revetment should not have cracks, subsidence or deformation;
The drainage ditch should not be blocked, landfilled or silted; the protection measures of the foundation
grounding body of the high and low legs should not be invalid; the anticorrosion and insulation treatment of the
insulation foundation of the DC overhead grounding electrode line should meet the design requirements; the
protection distance of the foundation slope should meet the requirements of the relevant national standards .
6.1.2 There should be no water seepage at the contact between the main material of the tower leg and the
protective cap, and the protective cap or the top surface of the foundation should have an apron slope; no
corrosive or flammable materials should be stacked around the tower legs; anti-corrosion measures should be
taken for the main material of the tower leg in severely polluted areas.
6.1.3 The inclination of the DC transmission line tower and the skewness of the cross arms shall not exceed the
requirements in Table 1.
Table 1 Maximum allowable values of inclination of the DC transmission line tower and the skewness of the cross
arms
Tower inclination (including
Voltage level Tower height deflection) Cross arm skewness
Above 100m 0.15%
±660kV
100m and below 0.25% 1%

Grounding electrode line 50m and above 0.5%

6.1.4 The stressed tensile tower should not be inclined to the inner angle.
6.1.5 The stressed terminal tower should not be inclined to the direction of the force, or the tower head should
not be greater than the vertical line and deviate to the stressed side.
6.1.6 The curvature between adjacent nodes of the main material of the tower should not be greater than 1/750.
6.1.7 The connecting bolts of the tower should not be loosened, and the tightening torque of the bolts of the
corresponding specifications should meet the requirements of Table 2. If the requirements in Table 2 are not
met, tighten them one by one.

Table 2 Tightening torque of pole tower hot-dip galvanized bolts

Specification M16 M20 M24
Twisting value N*M
6.8 level 80 100 /
Torque value (N*m)
8.8 level / / 250

6.2 Conductor and ground wire

6.2.1 There should be no corrosion, peeling off of the outer layer or fatigue on the surface of the conductor and
ground wire.
6.2.2 There should be no damage, broken strands, severe corrosion, etc. to the conductor and ground wires. The
damage condition of the conductor and ground wire shall be evaluated and classified in accordance with the
regulations, and the corresponding repair method shall be determined. Refer to Table 3 for the treatment
methods of strength loss or reduction of cross-section caused by broken strands and damage of conductor and
ground wires. If necessary, it can be subjected to a strength test, and the strength test value should not be less
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than 80% of the original damage value.
Table 3 Treatment methods for conductor and ground wire broken strands, damage caused strength loss or
reduction of cross-section

Handling method
Conductor, ground Pre-twisted conductor Lengthened repair Splice tube, pre-twisted
wire category Metal monofilament,
protection line, whole pipe pipe, pre-twisted splice splice strip, splice tube
pre-twisted repair strip
repair, pipe repair strip reinforcement splice strip
The range of wire The range of wire
The wire is damaged at the The wire damage at the same damage leads to a damage causes the
Steel core same place and the strength place causes the strength loss strength loss of strength loss of more
aluminum stranded loss is not more than 5% of the of 5%-17% of the total 17%-50% of the total than 50% of the total
wire total breaking force and the breaking force, and the breaking force, and the breaking force, and the
Steel core cross-sectional area damage is cross-sectional area damage cross-sectional area cross-sectional area
aluminum alloy not more than 7% of the is 7%-25% of the total damage is 25%-60% of damage is 60% and more
strand cross-sectional area of the total conductive part the cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional area
conductive part cross-sectional area of the total conductive of the total conductive
part part
Aluminum stranded Broken strand damage The cross-sectional area
Broken strand damage Broken strand damage
wire cross-sectional area of broken strands exceeds
cross-sectional area is not more cross-sectional area accounts
Aluminum alloy accounts for 25%-60% 60% of the total area and
than 7% of the total area for 7%-25% of the total area
strand of the total area more

Over 2 of 7 strands break

Galvanized steel 1 of 7 strands breaks 2 of 7 strands break
1 of 19 strands breaks Over 3 of 19 strands
strand 2 of 19 strands break 3 of 19 strands break
break

The broken strand

The broken strand damage
section is not more than 7% of
OPGW
the total area (the fiber unit is
not damaged)
damage cross section
accounts for 7%-17% of the
area, and the fiber unit is
undamaged (not applicable
for repairing tubes)

Note 1: The steel core aluminum stranded wire should not damage the steel core. When calculating the strength loss or total aluminum
cross-section damage, the total breaking force of the aluminum strands and the total cross-sectional area of the aluminum strands are used as
the base for calculation.
Note 2: When calculating the damaged cross-sectional area of aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy stranded wire, the total
cross-sectional area of the wire is used as the base for calculation.
Note 3: Overhead ground wires with good conductors are calculated based on steel core aluminum stranded wire for strength loss and
aluminum section loss.

6.2.3 The sag deviation of the conductor and ground wire should not be greater than the requirements in Table
4.
Table 4 Allowable values of sag deviation of conductor and ground wire

Voltage level
Span type
±660kV and grounding electrode line

Normal spansag ±2.5%

Large-span sag ±1%, the positive deviation should not exceed 1m

6.2.4 The relative sag deviation between conductor phases should not be greater than the requirements of Table
5.
Table 5 Maximum value of relative sag deviation between conductor phases in mm

Span type Voltage level

±660kV and grounding electrode line

Normal span 300

Large span 500

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6.2.5 The relative sag value of the in-phase sub-conductor of the phase split conductor shall not exceed the
following value: 50mm.
6.2.6 The OPGW ground lead should not be loose or discharged to the ground, and the straight-through tensile
jumper should not directly touch the ground wire support or tower.
6.2.7 The distance between the line conductor and the ground and the crossover distance shall meet the
following requirements.
6.2.7.1 Sag calculation
The distance between the conductor and the ground, buildings, trees, railways, roads, rivers, pipelines,
cableways and various overhead lines should be the vertical distance calculated based on the maximum sag
conductor operating temperature of 40℃ (if the conductor is designed according to the allowable temperature
of 80℃, the conductor operating temperature shall be 50℃), and the windage yaw is checked according to the
maximum windage yaw obtained by the maximum wind situation. In calculating the above distance, the
increase in sag caused by current and solar radiation may not be considered, but the influence of plastic
elongation after the wire is erected and the error of design and construction should be considered. The sag of a
large-span conductor should be calculated according to the highest temperature that the conductor can reach.
When the transmission line intersects with standard gauge railways, expressways and first-class highways, if
the crossing span exceeds 200m, the maximum sag should be calculated according to the allowable temperature
of the conductor, and the allowable temperature of the conductor shall be calculated as 70℃ or 80℃ according
to different requirements. When the transmission line crosses the main railway or expressway, an independent
tensile section is adopted.
6.2.7.2 Distance between wire and ground
The distance between the wire and the ground shall not be less than the value listed in Table 6 under the
maximum calculated sag.
Table 6 Minimum distance between the conductor and the ground in m

Area category Voltage level kV

±660 Grounding electrode line

Residential
18 7.0
area
Non-residentia
16 (14) 6.0
l area
Difficult traffic
14 5.0
area
Note: 16m of ±660kV line to non-residential area is used for agricultural farming area, and 14m for non-agricultural farming area.

6.2.7.3 Distance between wire and hillside

The clearance distance between the wire and the hillside, cliff, and rock shall not be less than the value listed in
Table 7 under the maximum calculated windage yaw.
Table 7 Minimum clearance distance between the wire and the hillside, cliff, and rock, in m

Voltage level kV
Route passing area
Grounding electrode line ±660

Hillside reachable on foot 5.0 11.0

Mountain slopes, cliffs

3.0 9
and rocks that cannot be
reached on foot
6.2.7.4 Vertical distance between the conductor and the building
Line conductors should not cross buildings with flammable roofs. Buildings with fire-resistant roofs should be
avoided as far as possible. When it is necessary to cross over under special circumstances, the power
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construction department should take certain safety measures, and reach an agreement with the relevant
department or obtain the local government’s consent. Line conductors should not cross buildings with
fire-resistant roofs that are inhabited or frequently accessed. The vertical distance between the conductor and
the building shall not be less than the value listed in Table 8 under the maximum calculated sag.
Table 8 Minimum vertical distance between conductor and building

Voltage level kV Grounding electrode line ±660

Vertical distance
5.0 15.0 (14)
m

Take 14 meters for urban multi-story buildings

6.2.7.5 Clearance and horizontal distance between the edge conductor and the building
The minimum clearance distance between the conductor on the side of the line and the building shall not be
less than the value listed in Table 9 in the case of the maximum calculated windage yaw.
Table 9 Minimum clearance distance between side conductor and building

Voltage level kV Grounding electrode line ±660

Clearance distance
4.0 15 (14)
m
In the absence of wind, the horizontal distance between the side conductor and the building should not be less
than the value listed in Table 10.
Table 10 Minimum horizontal distance between side conductor and building

Voltage level kV Grounding electrode line ±660

Horizontal
2.0 6.5
distance m

6.2.7.6 Line passing through the forest area

For lines that cross forests, windbreaks, sand-fixing forests, protection forests for river dams, high-grade
highway green belts, economic gardens, etc., the high-span design should be adopted according to the natural
growth height of the tree species; if high-span design is not adopted, the line channel should be made by cutting.
The width of the channel should not be less than the sum of the distance between the phase conductors on both
sides of the line and the final height of the main tree species in the forest area. Individual trees near the channel
that exceed the final height of the natural growth of the main tree species should also be cut.
Trees or fruit forests, cash crop forests or high-span trees, that do not affect the safe operation of the line
and do not hinder the inspection and maintenance of the line, may not be cut, but the line operation and
maintenance management unit and the tree owner shall sign a height limit agreement to determine the
responsibilities of both parties. During operation, accounts should be established for these special sections and
regular measurement and maintenance should be made to ensure that the safety distance between the line
conductor and the trees after the maximum sag or maximum windage yaw is not less than the values listed in
Table 11 and Table 12.
Table 11 Safe distance between the conductor and the tree at the maximum sag and maximum windage yaw
(according to the natural growth height)

Voltage class kV Grounding electrode line ±660

Minimum vertical distance at

4.0 10.5
maximum sag m
Minimum clearance distance at
3.5 10.5
maximum windage yaw m

Table 12 Minimum vertical distance between the wire and fruit trees, cash crops, urban green shrubs and street
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 trees

Voltage level kV Grounding electrode line ±660

Vertical distance m 3.0 12.0

6.2.7.7 Control of distance between conductor and vegetation

For vegetation in the protection zone (for example, tall trees, intrusive bushes and crops) that have been
planted before the line has been planted, vegetation inspections are performed every 3 months, and branch
pruning is performed every 2 months.
6.2.7.8 Crossing with weak current lines
When the line crosses the weak current line, the crossing angle of the first and second weak current lines
(excluding optical cables and buried cables) should be greater than or equal to 45° and 30° respectively, and
there is no restriction on the third level weak current lines.
6.2.7.9 Fire and explosion separation distance
The fire separation distance between the line and the Class A fire hazard production plant, Class A
warehouse, flammable and explosive material storage yard, and combustible or flammable, explosive liquid
(gas) storage tank shall not be less than the full height of the pole and tower plus 3m, among other relevant
regulations.
6.2.7.10 Distance from transportation facilities, lines and pipelines
The basic requirements for line crossing or approaching railways, highways, tramways, roads, rivers,
weak current lines, pipelines, cableways and various power lines shall meet the requirements of Table 13 and
Table 14. Crossing weak current lines or power lines, if the cross-sectional area of the conductor is selected
according to the allowable current-carrying capacity, the cross-over distance at the highest allowable
temperature should also be checked. The value should not be less than the operating overvoltage gap and
should not be less than 0.8m.
Table 13 Basic requirements for power transmission lines crossing or approaching railways, highways, and
tramways
Tramway (tracked and
Item Railway Highway
trackless)

To the top of the rail To

To
load-bear
Voltage level To the load-bearing
Mini ing cable To the pavement
kV Standar Narrow Electric pavement cable or
mum d rail gauge rail or contact
contact line
vertic line
al
distan Grounding
7.5 7.5 11.5 3.0 7.0 10.0 3.0
electrode
ce
m
10 10
±660 18 (Narrow gauge 17) 18 18
(12.5) (12.5)

Item Railway Tramway (tracked and

Highway trackless)
Mini The outer edge of the tower to the edge of the The outer edge of the tower
roadbed to the edge of the roadbed
mum
Voltage level Outer edge of tower to
horizo kV track center
ntal Restricted
Open area Restricted route area Open area path
distan

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 ce
m

Crossing: The height of

the newly-built line tower
plus 3.1m, which can be Cross: 8;
Cross: 8;
Grounding appropriately reduced, if
Parallel: the tallest 5.0 Parallel: the 5.0
electrode
it cannot meet the tallest tower
tower
requirements, not less than
30m;
Parallel: The height of
the tower plus 3.1m, which
can be negotiated by both
parties in case of difficulty

Crossing: The height of

the newly-built line tower
Crossing (from the
plus 3.1m, which can be
outer edge of the tower
appropriately reduced if it
to the edge of the Crossing (from the
cannot meet the
roadbed): 15.0m or the outer edge of the tower
requirements, but not less
value according to to the edge of the
±660 than 35m or the value is /
agreement; roadbed): 15.0m or the
taken according to the
Parallel (from side value according to
agreement;
wire to edge of agreement;
Parallel: The height of
the tower plus 3.1m, roadbed): highest tower Parallel (from side
which can be negotiated by height wire to the edge of the
both parties in case of roadbed): 10.5m or
difficulty according to agreement
It is not advisable to cross Expressway values in parentheses, the edge of the
Additional requirements within the railway starting highway subgrade refers to the drainage ditch at the /
signal lower edge of the highway
Note 1: In the vertical distance, the value in brackets is used for the top of the poles (tower). Note 2: "/" means that this item is not
required.

Table 13 Basic requirements for transmission lines crossing or approaching railways, highways, and tram lanes
(continued)

Table 14 Basic requirements for crossing or approaching power transmission lines with rivers, weak current
lines, power lines, pipelines, and cableways

Weak current Specia

Item Navigable river Unnavigable river Power line Cableway
line
l pipe
To
Min The highest once-i
Voltage mast top of n-a-ce To
imu To ice surface To the line To the line To any part of
level the highest ntury any
m in winter crossed crossed the ropeway
kV sailing water flood part
vert
level of
ical water
pipe
dist level
ance Grounding
m electrode 6.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0
±660 12.5 8 18 16 14 8 (12.5) 14 8

Min Between edge Between edge From conductor to any

imu conductors port of the pipeline or
conductors
m Voltage ropeway
Area with
hori level Edge wire to upper edge of slope Path
Open Open Open restricted path
zont kV restric Route
area area area (under
al ted restricte
maximum
dist area d area
windage yaw)

11
 ance When Whe When
m parall n parall
el: paral el:
Grounding Tallest tower 4.0 5.0 4.0
The lel: Highe
highe The st rod
st highe Tower
Between and edge pole st And any part of the wire
height
Between and edge conductor
conductor tower pole to the pipeline or
Min
Voltage Edge wire to upper tall towe ropeway
imu Areas with
level kV edge of slope
m Open Restricted r tall Open restricted paths
Open area Restricted route area
hori area route area area
(in the highest
zont wind
al Side wire to the Under
18m between the side
dist upper edge of the slope Talles circumstances)
Tallest Tallest conductors, the
ance ±660 (the line is parallel to 11 t 13
tower tower conductor winds to
m tower
the fiber trail): the
the adjacent tower
highest tower
a) Crossing with the
a) During the ropeway, if the ropeway
highest flood, the is above, protection
vertical distance
The transmission line facilities should be
should be negotiated a) The line with higher voltage is
should be erected above, installed below the
and determined on the framed above the line with lower
and the weak wires of ropeway;
Additional river where there are voltage;
requirements and Class II and III may not b) The intersection
notes anti-flood rescue ships b) Grid public lines of the same
be inspected for should not be selected at
navigating; voltage level should be erected above
disconnection in the the inspection junction
b) Non-navigable the dedicated lines
adjacent gear. (hole) of the pipeline;
rivers refer to rivers
c) The pipe and
that are neither
cableway should be
navigable nor floating
grounded when they are

Note 1: In the vertical distance, the value in parentheses is used to cross the top of the pole (tower). Note 2: "/" meansparallel
that this to the
item pipe or
is not
required. cableway;
d) The auxiliary
6.2.8 The jumper should not have any of the following conditions: facilities on the pipe and
ropeway should be
a) Cross-section decrease zsincurred by broken strands, damage, surface corrosion, peeling of the outer
regarded as part of the
layer, etc. pipe and ropeway;
e) Special pipeline
b) Twisted strands, loose strands, and twists. refers to pipelines erected
6.3 Insulator on the ground to
transport flammable and
6.3.1 The porcelain insulator umbrella skirt should not be damaged, the porcelain should not be cracked, and
explosive materials
the enamel should not be burnt.
6.3.2 Glass insulators should not explode or have cracks on the surface.
6.3.3 The umbrella skirt and sheath of rod-shaped and disc-shaped composite insulators should not be damaged
or cracked, falling off, or corroded, and the end seal should not be cracked or aging.
6.3.4 The steel cap, insulating parts, and steel feet should be on the same axis. The steel feet, steel caps, and
glue-mounted cement should not be cracked, skewed, deformed or severely corroded, and the gap between the
steel feet and the steel cap slot should not be out of limits.
6.3.5 The insulation resistance of disc insulators, DC ±660kV line insulators (including grounding pole
insulators) shall not be less than 500MΩ.
6.3.6 The distributed voltage of disc insulators should not be zero or low.
6.3.7 The locking pin should not fall off and deform.
6.3.8 There should be no serious scaling or cracks on the porcelain insulating cross arm, and there should be no
enamel burnout, porcelain damage, or umbrella skirt damage.
6.3.9 The sheath of the composite cross arm shall not be damaged, cracked or falling off.
6.3.10 The deflection angle of linear pole tower insulator string along the line (except for the pre-deflection
54
12
required by the design) should not be greater than 7.5°, or the maximum deviation should not be greater than
300mm; the end of the insulating cross arm should not be greater than 100mm. The maximum deviation of the
UHV linear tower insulator string along the line direction (except for the pre-biased design requirements)
should not be greater than 400mm.
6.3.11 Ground wire insulators and discharge gaps shall not show non-lightning discharge or burns.
6.3.12 The coating thickness of the anti-pollution flashover coating should meet the relevant regulations, the
coating should be evenly attached to the surface of the insulator, and the coating should not be cracked, peeled,
falling off, or water-repellent loss.
6.3.13 The corrosion degree of the zinc sleeve of the insulator of the DC transmission line shall be inspected
regularly.
6.4 Fittings
6.4.1 The fitting body should not be deformed, rusted, worn, burned, or cracked. The joints should rotate
flexibly and the strength should not be lower than 80% of the original value.
6.4.2 Fittings such as anti-vibration hammers, anti-vibration damping wires, spacer rods, etc. should not be
loosened, displaced, deformed, failed, fatigued, or dropped.
6.4.3 The shielding ring and the equalizing ring should not be loose or deformed, and the equalizing ring
should not be reversed.
6.4.4 The discharge gap of the insulated ground wire shall meet the design requirements.
6.4.5 The arcing angle discharge gap of the grounding electrode line insulator string should not be less than
300mm and no more than 0.85 times the effective string length of the insulators. The arcing angle gap should
not be loose or displaced.
6.4.6 The remaining cable fixing fittings of OPGW should be fixed firmly, and the connection box should not
be loose or leaking.
6.4.7 The OPGW pre-twisted wire clamp should not be fatigued or slipped.
6.4.8 There should not be any of the following situations when connecting fittings:
A) Appearance of bulging, cracks, burns, slippage or broken strands at the exit, and the curvature does not
meet the requirements of relevant regulations;
B) The temperature is 10°C higher than the temperature of the adjacent wire, and the temperature of the
jumper board is 10°C higher than the temperature of the adjacent wire;
C) Discoloration due to overheating or loose connection bolts;
D) Severe burns, fractures or improper crimping (tap or displacement) inside the fittings or irregular
crimping construction;
E) When the torque value of the jumper drain plate bolt does not reach the corresponding bolt tightening
torque, tighten it. See Table 15 for the tightening torque.
Table 15 Tightening torque of bolted steel hot-dip galvanized bolts

Bolt diameter
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
mm

Tightening torque
9-11 18-23 32-40 45-55 80-100 105-140 125-150
(Level 4.8)
Tightening torque
11-15 25-30 40-55 70-90 120-140 150-180 180-220
(Level 6.8)

6.5 Grounding device

6.5.1 The detected power frequency grounding resistance should be converted according to the seasonal
coefficient (see Table 16), and the converted value should not be greater than the designed value.

13
 Table 16 Seasonal coefficient of horizontal grounding body

Grounding ray buried depth m Seasonal coefficient

0.6 1.4-1.8

0.8-1.0 1.25-1.45
Note: For testing the power frequency grounding resistance of the grounding device, if the soil is dry, the smaller seasonal coefficient shall
prevail; when the soil is wet, the larger seasonal coefficient shall prevail.
6.5.2 There should be no significant difference in the ground resistance of multiple down conductors.
6.5.3 The grounding down conductor should not be disconnected, corroded or in poor contact with the
grounding body.
6.5.4 When it is dry in the thunder season, the power frequency grounding resistance of each tower without
ground wire shall not be greater than the value listed in Table 17.
Table 17 Power frequency grounding resistance of line towers
Soil resistivity P
P≤lOO 100<p≤500 500 <p≤1000 1000<p≤2000 p>2000
Ω•m

Ground resistance 10 10 10 20 25

Note: When the soil resistivity exceeds 2000Ω•m and it is difficult to reduce the grounding resistance to 3OQ, 6-8 radial grounding bodies with a
total length of no more than 500m, or continuous extension grounding bodies can be used, and the grounding resistance is not limited.

6.5.5 The grounding device should not be exposed or severely corroded. If it is corroded, its conductor
cross-section should not be less than 80% of the original value.
6.5.6 The grounding material should meet the requirements of environmental protection and its design age, and
the electrode core material should match the grounding grid.
7 Inspection management
7.1 Basic requirements
7.1.1 The line operation and maintenance management unit shall appoint persons responsible for inspections
according to the sections of the transmission lines under its jurisdiction, and at the same time clarify their
inspection scope, cycle and line protection (including publicity and organization of mass for protection) and
other responsibilities.
7.1.2 Normal inspection includes inspection of line equipment (main body, auxiliary equipment) and channel
environment, which can be carried out on a full line or by section. The inspection cycle is relatively fixed and
can be dynamically adjusted. The inspection of line equipment and channel environment can be carried out in
different cycles.

7.1.3 The fault inspection shall be carried out in time after the line fails. The inspection method and personnel
shall be determined by the operation and maintenance management unit according to the needs, but the cause of
the fault shall be found within 4 hours of receiving the fault notification. The inspection range is the faulty
section or the entire line. During the inspection, the person in charge of the inspection should complete all the
inspection sections in his charge without any interruption or missing section. He should report the fault point,
if discovered, in time, and try to protect the scene in case of a major accident. The material evidence that
caused the accident should be properly kept and retrieved, and detailed records (including images or video data
such as equipment and channel environment) of the fault inspection site should be made as required to provide
evidence or reference for accident analysis.
7.1.4 Special inspections should be carried out in case of drastic climate changes, natural disasters, external
influences, abnormal operations and special requirements for the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Special inspections are carried out in time as needed, and the range of inspections can be the whole line,
54
14
specific sections or individual components as appropriate.
7.1.5 Inspection on upper tower: check the defects of the upper part of the tower and the electrical part where
inspection on the ground is not accecible. The inspection of upper tower should take place every six months
and be arranged in spring and autumn.
7.1.7 During line inspections, if critical defects or damage to the line by external forces are found, measures
should be taken immediately and it shall be reported to the superior or the relevant department in order to deal
with it as soon as possible. Suspicious situations or deficiencies that cannot be identified during inspections
shall be reported in time for review and settlement.
7.1.8 The line cycle inspection shall be implemented according to Table 18.
Table 18 Requirements for line cycle inspection items
Inspect Ground Tower
ion Main content of inspection inspectio inspectio Inspection means
range n n

Shoot or throw objects at the line facilities. ● Visual

Climbing the tower or erecting power lines and communication lines on

● Visual
the tower, and installing broadcast speakers.

Use poles and towers as lifting and traction ground anchors, hitch
● Visual
livestock and suspend objects on the poles.

Build lanes or pass motor vehicles within the tower (excluding that
● Visual
between the towers).

Take soil, piling, drill, excavate or dump acid, alkali, salt and other
● Visual
harmful chemicals around the foundation of the tower.

Construct buildings, burn kilns, burn grass or pile up grain, forage,

Visual
garbage, slag, combustibles, explosives and other items that affect the ● ●
Laser Rangefinder
Enviro safety of power supply in the line protection zone.
nment
There are nests that endanger the safety of power supply, and vines on
along ● Visual
the tower,
line
Plant trees and bamboos in the line protection zone that may endanger
Visual
the safe operation of the line in the future (considering the natural ● ● ●
Altimeter
growth height).
Carry out farmland water conservancy infrastructure construction,
piling, drilling, excavation, and underground excavation in the line ● ● ● Visual
protection zone.
In the line protection zone, there is ultra-high machinery that enters or
● Visual
passes through the protection zone.
There are trees or other facilities near the line that may endanger the
Visual
safety of the line and the wind yaw of the wire, which may cause ● ●
Altimeter
discharge.
Construction, blasting, quarrying, and flying kites within a 500m area
● ● ● Theodolite
near the line.
Changes in rivers and ditches near the line, and whether roads and
● ● Visual
bridges used during inspections and maintenance are damaged.
The foundation changes, the surrounding soil protrudes or sinks, the
foundation cracks, damages, sinks or pulls up, and the protective ● Visual
foundation collapses or is washed away.
The tower material on the upper part of the foundation protection cap is
● Visual
Founda buried in the soil or waste pile, and the tower material is corroded.
tion
The flood protection facilities collapse or are damaged. ● Visual

The foundation sand fixation grass grid is buried or damaged. ● Visual

15
Inspect Ground Tower
ion Main content of inspection inspectio inspectio Inspection means
range n n
Theodolite
The tower is inclined and the cross arm is twisted. ●
Online Monitoring
Visual
Iron The components of the tower are rusted, deformed and damaged. ● ● ●
Telescope
tower
The fixing bolts of the tower parts are loose, lack of bolts or nuts, the
Torque Wrench
length of the bolt thread is not enough, and the welding place is cracked ● ● ●
Telescope
and welded.
Visual
Ground wire, fiber optic cable is broken, damaged or flashover burned,
● ● ● Telescope
ground wire is corroded.
UV Imager
The sag of the ground wire, the optical cable changes, and the distance
● Theodolite
between the phase split conductors’ changes.
Visual
The ground wire and optical cable rise, vibrate, and gallop, and the
● ● Telescope
phase-split wire lashes, twists, and sticks.
Online Monitoring
Groun
Overheating, discoloration, deformation, and slippage of the connecting Telescope
d ● ● ●
fittings of the ground wire. Infrared Imager
line
The wire slides in the wire clamp. ● ● ● Telescope
and
optic The jumper wire is broken, twisted and deformed, the gap between the

cable jumper wire and the tower changes, the jumper wire is twisted, and the ● ● ● Telescope
jumper wire dances and swings too much.
Distance between the wire and the ground, the crossing facility and Theodolite
● ●
other objects changes. Laser Rangefinder

Connection of the shunt line between the optical cable and the tower. ● ● ● Telescope

The junction box under the optical cable tower is in good condition. ● ● ● Telescope

Foreign matters hang on wires and ground wires. ● ● Telescope

The porcelain insulator is cracked and broken, the tempered glass

insulator bursts, the iron cap and steel feet of the insulator are corroded, ● ● ● Telescope
and the steel feet are bent.
Synthetic insulator umbrella skirt is broken, burned, fittings, equalizing
● ● ● Telescope
ring deformed, twisted, rusted and other abnormal conditions.
Telescope
The insulator string is skewed. ● ●
Insulat Theodolite

or The insulator has traces of flashover and traces of partial spark Telescope
● ● ●
discharge. Infrared Imager
The fittings are corroded, deformed, worn, cracked, and the split pins
and spring pins are missing or falling out. Special attention should be
● ● ● Telescope
paid to checking the frequently moving and rotating parts of the fittings
and the fittings of the suspension points of the insulator string.

Insulator notches, steel feet, and locking pins do not match, and the
● ● ● Telescope
locking pins drop out, etc.

The pre-twisted wire slips, breaks or burns. ● ● ● Telescope

The anti-vibration hammer shifts, falls off, deviates, the steel wire is
● ● ● Telescope
broken, the damping wire is deformed, burns, and the tie wire is loose.
Fittings
The spacers of the phase-split conductors are loose, displaced, broken,
● ● Telescope
the clamps fall off, the joints are worn and the discharge burns.

The equalizing ring and shielding ring are corroded and the bolts are
● ● ● Telescope
loose and skewed.
Lightni Visual
The ground discharge gap changes and burns. ● ● ●
ng Telescope
protect Connection, fixation, and corrosion between ground wires, ground down
● Telescope
ion conductors, grounding devices, and continuous ground wires.

54
16
Inspect Ground Tower
ion Main content of inspection inspectio inspectio Inspection means
range n n
facilitie Ground Resistance
s Grounding resistance size. ● Measuring
Instrument
The signs of phase, warning, indication and protection are missing, and Visual
Affiliat ●
the line name and pole number are not clearly written. Telescope
ed
Various monitoring devices are defective. ● ● ● Telescope
facilitie
Bird protection facilities are damaged, deformed or defective. ● ● ● Telescope
s
Whether climbing ladders and tracks are damaged. ● ● ● Telescope

7.1.9 Main content of special inspection

A) Special inspections should be based on line operating conditions and environmental changes, and in
accordance with the principle of "prevention first, dynamic management, and focusing key issues", to
strengthen line inspections in special sections and special periods.
B) The special section of the UHV transmission line refers to the section that is different from other
conventional sections in the design and operation of the UHV transmission line. It is a line with an
ultra-conventional design (such as a large span) or a section with a harsh operating environment, including:
densely populated areas, easy-to-build housing areas, areas vulnerable to external damage, bird-damaged areas,
animal protection zones, rapid-growing tree areas, lightning-prone areas, flood erosion areas, heavy pollution
areas, poor geological areas, mining subsidence areas, flood discharge areas, strong winds and wind-vibrated
area, theft-prone area, and forest (bamboo) area, etc.
C) The main contents of the special inspection includes are shown in Table 19.

Table 19 Main content of special line inspection

Special operating conditions Special inspection section
Class Special Main content of inspection
ificat Time Condition Feature
section
ion
Autum
n and Persistent fog
Winter Design delineated Focus on checking the contamination on the surface of
Early Heavily area and newly the insulator, the zero value of the insulator, corona,
spring polluted area added pollution discharge sound or monitoring the leakage current
and drizzle source section value online.
late
autumn
Droug Forest area and
spring Wild fire area Check the forest and bush fires.
Seve Sustained ht shrubs
re high Enough sunlight and
Tree Strengthen tree planting in the protection zone, and
clim summe temperatu water sources, and
Wet fast-growing check the safety distance between the wires and the trees
ate r re rapid growth of trees
area in the passage.
chan (bamboo)
ge Strengthen the windage yaw of trees, houses, power
Areas with high wind lines and other crossing objects in the channel, V-shaped
Strong wind
Spring power such as insulator string fittings, tension tower jumper clamp,
area and
and Gale mountain tops and jumper and tower air gap, ground wire anti-vibration
wind
summe Storm tuyere, and facilities, ground wire suspension clamp, whether
vibration
r large-span, fittings are worn, the pins are lost and damaged, the
area
large-span lines ground wire is broken, the tower material is lost, and
the tower bolts are loose.
Spring Frequent thunder Line sections with Whether the line lightning protection facilities (ground
Lightning
and and lightning history of lightning wire, grounding device) are complete, whether the
strike zone
summe activities strikes, frequent connection is firm, and whether the grounding

17
 Special operating conditions Special inspection section
Class Special Main content of inspection
ificat Time Condition Feature
section
ion
r lightning strikes, and resistance value is qualified.
weak lightning Whether the gap of the insulated ground wire needs to
protection be adjusted, check whether the insulation configuration
capabilities; meets the standard, and check if the ground wire is
broken.
Line towers in valley
mouths, rivers and Focus on checking the stability of the pole and tower
Summe Flood erosion
downstream areas of foundation and analyze whether there is erosion; focus
r and Flood season area/
reservoirs that are on checking the stability of side slopes and slope
autumn Large span
easily eroded by protection.
floods
The foundation is on
a slope and the rock
Bad mass may slide down,
Four geological and there are mining
/ Focus on checking the stability of the tower foundation.
seasons area, goaf tunnels or water flow
area caves under the
foundation that may
sink down.
Strengthen the inspection of the ground wire joints,
anti-icing facilities, the inclination of the tower in the
Gale and low Isolated span
Winter goaf, the ground wire tension, the vibration of the
temperature Great Leap
ground wire, and the broken strand inspection in the
external force damage area.
Focus on checking the tilt of the tower, the deformation
/ Earthquake Goaf
of the foundation, and the cracks on the surface.
Summe Bad
Focus on checking the tilt of the tower, the deformation
r and Landslide/Mudslide geological
of the foundation, and the cracks on the surface.
autumn area
Focus on checking whether the foundation backfill is
firm and enough. Whether there is a hidden danger of
erosion of the tower foundation in the underground
waterway in the mountainous and hilly area; whether
the mountainside iron tower has flood control measures,
Flood erosion whether the river water may be diverted to scour the
Summe
area, flood tower; whether the tower foundation affected by the
r and Floods
discharge current erosion is in danger of landslide and collapse;
autumn
area, big span whether there are ground subsidence and scouring at
Natu the tower foundation and its vicinity; whether the
ral foundation slope and sill are stable and whether the
disas safety distance meets the requirements; strengthen the
ter inspection of the inclination of the poles and towers in
the mined-out areas and poor geological areas.
Check the integrity of insulators and ancillary facilities.
Summe Check in detail various facilities (insulators, lightning
Hail Disaster area
r protection wires, discharge gaps, shielding wires, and
grounding.
Check and record damage of down conductors,
grounding bodies, etc. (including video and
Lightning
photography); open and check the wires and grounding
Summe stricken
Lightning strike clamps of the faulty tower. If necessary, check the
r tower
clamps of adjacent towers, and check whether the fault
(section)
and the grounding resistance of the adjacent towers
meet the design requirements.
Four Forest area, Check the fire and judge the possibility of threat to the
Forest fire
Seasons wildfire area line based on the wind direction.
54
18
 Special operating conditions Special inspection section
Class Special Main content of inspection
ificat Time Condition Feature
section
ion
Spring Learn of the activity habits of birds and master the laws
and Migratory bird Bird hazard of bird activity; check whether there is a bird nest built
Autum migration zone by birds on the cross arm of the tower; check the habitat
n of birds near the tower.
According to the mining plan and planning, timely
Four Mining area,
Ore mining check the foundation deformation and the inclination of
seasons goaf area
the poles and towers, and insist on for 6-8 months.
Four
Surr New pollution source / Check the insulation configuration.
seasons
ound
Summe
ing River diversion / Check whether the tower may be scoured.
r
chan
Densely Strengthen the inspection on off-line fireworks and
ges Villages and towns
populated straw burning, construction in the protection zone,
along the route
area farmland reconstruction, foundation leveling, taking soil
Construction work
Sections with around the foundation, digging sand, piling up soil,
Four and human activities
Vulnerable frequent activities of aquaculture, blasting and quarrying near the line
seasons intensified near the
area personnel, vehicles channel, blasting construction, kite flying, fishing,
protection zone
and machinery, shooting and so on.

Residence Villages and towns Pay attention to piling and marking, masonry stacking,
area along the route etc.
Political power guarantee
Whole line Strengthen special patrol of dangerous point sources.
period
National holidays Whole line Strengthen special patrol of dangerous point sources.
Night patrol, check whether there is obvious corona
around the wire; whether there is obvious partial spark
24 hours after putting into discharge on the insulator string; whether there is red
Whole line
Speci operation for burning phenomenon at the crimping pipe and the
al parallel groove clamp; the end of the synthetic insulator
perio is discharged.
d Strengthen the crossover distance check. Night patrol,
check whether there is obvious corona around the wire;
Winter
whether there is obvious partial spark discharge on the
and
Peak load period Whole line insulator string; whether there is red burning
summe
phenomenon at the crimping pipe and the parallel
r
groove clamp; the end of the synthetic insulator is
discharged.
Abn Sending/receiving power grid
Whole line Strengthen special patrols in the whole line
orma accident
l
oper Overload Whole line Strengthen special patrols along the whole line
ation

7.1.10 Main content of fault inspection

A) The line faults are classified according to the cause into primarily tower fall-down, line disconnection,
string drop, lightning strike, windage yaw, line galloping, pollution flashover (icing flash), external damage,
bird droppings flashover, and so on.
B) The fault patrol generally combines ground inspection, tower inspection and on-site investigation. Power-off
or live line inspection should be carried out as necessary.
C) The main content of the fault inspection is shown in Table 20.
Table 20 Main content of line fault inspection
Inspectio
n Possible causes and fault points Inspection content
means
Ground ⑴Tower down, disconnection, permanent Whether there is a tower falling, disconnection, or string drop.

19
 Inspectio
n Possible causes and fault points Inspection content
means
inspectio failure of string drop Whether there are traces of wild fire, burning, fireworks and firecrackers under the
n ⑵Gap flashover between wires and ground conductor; whether there are infrastructure construction, drilling and excavation
(roads, railways), trees (bamboo forests), operations in the protection zone; whether tall machinery enters or passes through
houses, etc.; the protection zone.

⑶ Different lines cross over and flashover Whether there is residue of burnt objects under the wire.

between each other; Whether the cross line under the conductor is faulty at the same time.

⑷ External force damage or external Whether there are kites, plastic films or other foreign objects on the wires.

environmental impact, etc. Whether there are super-high trees and illegal buildings in the corridor.
Whether the grounding down conductor has burn marks.
Whether there are bird droppings on the tower or the ground, and whether there
are birds nearby.
Whether there are burn marks on the faulty phase wire or fittings.
⑴ The gap flashover between the
Whether there are traces of flashover discharge on the insulator and cross arm.
conductor and the tower body (windage
Whether the porcelain insulator string is burnt and white and dull in the same part
yaw or bird droppings);
of the enamel; whether the synthetic insulator is burnt and white in the same part;
Tower ⑵The insulator string itself deteriorates
whether the insulator has flashover along the surface.
inspectio and flashovers;
Whether there is a bright discharge point at the cross arm above the hanging point
n ⑶ Insulator string surface or breakdown
of the insulator string.
flashover caused by lightning, pollution,
Whether there are shiny discharge points and burn marks on the equalizing ring of
bird damage, windage yaw, etc.
the composite insulator.
Whether there are burns or burn marks in the ground discharge gap.
⑴Gap flashover between wires and ground
(roads, railways), trees (bamboo forests),
houses, etc.;
Wire
⑵Different lines cross over and flashover Whether there are burn marks on the fault phase wire
check
between each other;
⑶ Conductors flashover between phases or
between lead and ground.
On-site Whether there are lightning and bird activities in the corridor.
investiga Meteorological conditions at the time of failure.
tion Whether the wires and insulators have flashover, fire, or loud noise during the fault.

7.2 Contents and requirements of equipment inspection

7.2.1 The equipment inspection should be carried out along the line tower by tower, span by span, and there
should be no missing points (sections). The inspection objects include the line body and auxiliary facilities.
7.2.2 According to actual needs, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the integrity of the foundation, iron
tower, grounding device, ground wire, insulator, fittings, and auxiliary facilities.
7.2.3 The content of the equipment patrol inspection can refer to Table 21.
Table 21 Main Contents of Inspection of Overhead Transmission Line Equipment

Check the line itself, ancillary facilities and protection zones for the following defects,
Inspection object
changes or conditions

Foundation and base surface Backfill soil sinks or lacks soil, flooding, frost heave, debris accumulation, etc.
Line body
Damaged, loose, cracked, exposed tendons, foundation sinking, damaged protective cap,
Tower foundation
insufficient slope protection, etc.

The tower is inclined, the main pole is bent, the tower material is missing, severely
corroded, the ground wire bracket is deformed, the bolt is loose or missing, the foot nail
Tower
is missing, the ladder is deformed, the tower foot is buried, etc.; the foundation is pulled
Line body up.

Broken, severely corroded, loose bolts, missing grounding straps, exposed grounding
Grounding device
straps, and lightning burn marks on the grounding strap connections.

54
20
 Umbrella skirt is damaged, severely dirty, has discharge marks, spring pins are
defective, steel caps are cracked or broken, steel feet are severely rusted or corroded, the
thickness of anti-fouling flashover coating does not meet the specified value, the coating
Insulator is cracked, peeling and falling off, or losing hydrophobicity, etc., the deflection angle or
maximum offset value of the insulator string along the line direction exceeds the
specified value, and the zinc sleeve of the insulator of the DC transmission line is
corroded.

Loose strands, broken strands, damage, disconnection, discharge burns, overheating of

Wire, ground wire, drain wire, wire joints, floating objects, excessive or small sag, severe corrosion, corona, wire
shielded wire, OPGW entanglement (mixed wires), galloping, excessive windage yaw, insufficient distance for
crossing objects, etc.

Wire clamps are broken, cracked, worn, pins falling off or severely rusted; large
cross-section wires are deformed and expanded; arc angles, equalizing rings, shielding
rings are burned, falling off, and bolts are loose; anti-vibration hammers are displaced,
Line fittings
falling off, and severely corroded; damping wires are deformed and burned; spacers are
loose, deformed or out of position; various joint plates, connecting rings, adjustment
plates are damaged, crack, etc.
Anti-bird device Breakage, deformation, loose bolts, failure, damage, etc.

Various monitoring devices Missing, damaged, functional failure, etc.

Warning, protection, indication,

Missing, damaged, illegible writing or color, severe corrosion, etc.
phase and other signs
Aviation warning lights, aviation warning balls, etc. are missing, damaged, or
Aviation warning equipment
malfunctioning.

7.3 Content and requirements of the channel environment inspection. The channel environment inspection
should check the line channel, surrounding environment, crossings along the line, construction work, etc., and
timely discover and grasp the dynamic changes of the channel environment.
7.3.1 On the basis of ensuring that the line equipment is sufficiently inspected, it is advisable to increase the
frequency of channel environment inspections. According to the nature of the transmission channel,
geographical and meteorological environmental conditions and other actual conditions, arrange fixed-point
inspections for various hidden dangers or dangerous points in the channel (line route) environment.
7.3.2 It is necessary to strengthen the inspection of important crossings and grasp the changes in the
environment and the detailed conditions of crossings in a timely manner.
7.3.4 The content of the channel (line route) environment inspection can refer to Table 22.
Table 22 Main Contents of Environmental Inspection of Overhead Transmission Line Channel

Check the line body, ancillary facilities and protection zone for the following defects,
Inspection object
changes or conditions

Pile and borrow soil near the There are potential safety hazards such as mounding and borrowing near the tower
foundation foundation.

Line channel There are illegal buildings, the safety distance between the wires and the buildings is
Building (structure) insufficient, etc.; the plastic greenhouses and color steel roof buildings near the line
environment
channels are prone to hidden dangers.

Trees (bamboo forest) The safety distance between trees (bamboo forest) and wires is insufficient.

There are construction operations under or near the line that endanger the safety of the
Construction work line, such as construction, blasting, and rock excavation in an area about 500m from the
center of the line.
There are fireworks such as burning waste near the line, and accumulation of flammable
Fire and flammable and explosive
and explosive materials.
Line channel There are new or rebuilt power, communication lines, roads, railways, rail transit,
Crossover (adjacent)
environment cableways, pipelines, etc.
Flood control, drainage,
Collapse, blockage, damage, etc.
infrastructure protection facilities
Earthquakes, floods, mudslides, landslides, etc. cause changes in the channel
Natural disaster environment.
Roads, bridges Patrol lanes, bridges, etc. are damaged.

21
 Pollution source New pollution sources appear or pollution increases.

Bad geological area Landslides, cracks, collapses, etc. occurred.

There are people flying kites near the line, there are floating objects that endanger the
Others safety of the line, the line crosses the fish pond without warning signs, shooting targets,
and vines climbing on poles and towers.

7.4 Inspection cycle

7.4.1 The operation and maintenance management unit shall divide the sections according to the characteristics
of the line equipment, geographical and meteorological environment and the nature of the transmission channel,
and determine the line (section) inspection cycle based on the status evaluation and operation experience. At
the same time, make necessary adjustments to the inspection cycle in time according to changes in line sections
and time periods.
7.4.2 General provisions of the inspection cycle:
A) Except special patrols during the foggy season, in agriculture, residential areas and desert areas, at least
4 routine patrols and inspections should be carried out every month.

B) For large-span areas, thunderstorm areas, heavily polluted areas, fog/ice areas, mining and
development areas, micro-topography areas and micro-climate areas, at least 3 patrols should be carried out per
month, and special patrol and inspections should be carried out.

C) Each inspection should be recorded in document form and other valid formal written records, including
photo document evidence of any malfunction or abnormality of the facility.
7.4.3 During special periods such as major power protection and abnormal grid operation, a special operation
and maintenance plan should be formulated, and line inspections should be carried out according to the plan.
7.5 Inspection mode
Considering factors such as inspection quality, safety, efficiency and cost, manual inspections are
primarily adopted. At the later stage, the operation and maintenance management units may, based on the the
operation and maintenance development level in China, determine the cycle, content and cooperation mode
with coordination of helicopter, UAV and manual coordination, so as to develop and establish an operation
mechanism in which helicopter, UAV and manual coordination will coordinate and complemente each other.
8 Defect management
8.1 Equipment defects are classified into three categories: critical, serious and general according to the degree
of impact on the operation of the power grid.
8.1.1 A critical defect refers to a defect that deviate from the operation standard of the power grid equipment
during operation, which directly threaten safe operation and need to be dealt with immediately. Otherwise, it
may cause accidents such as line outages damage to the equipment in the next 8-12 hours.
8.1.2 A serious defect refers to a defect of deviation of the power grid equipment during operation and an error
that exceeds the allowable range of the operation standard, which poses an important threat to the person or
equipment, but the power grid can still operate within the next 2-7 days, while failure to handle it in time may
cause accident.
8.1.3 A general defect refers to a defect that deviates from the operating standard during the operation of the
power grid equipment, which has not exceeded the allowable range and has little effect on safe operation within
1-3 months.
8.2 The operation and maintenance management unit shall seriously carry out equipment monitoring,
inspection, operation, routine test, diagnostic test, condition monitoring, maintenance, acceptance, and various
inspections
54 in accordance with the requirements of relevant standards, regulations, equipment technical
22
conditions, etc., find equipment defects in a timely manner and inform operation and maintenance personnel to
file the defects in time.
8.3 File and report defects. After the defects are discovered, the inspection station technicians conduct
qualitative and status evaluations in a timely manner, and submit the defect information to the operation and
maintenance inspection department in a timely manner as required, and initiate the defect management process.
Defect registration time limit: a file must be created within 72 hours after the defect is discovered.
8.4 Defect qualitative and defect description: When establishing the file, the main defective equipment,
equipment parts, component types, defect locations, defect descriptions and defect classification basis shall be
strictly described.
8.5 After a critical defect is discovered, the inspector should immediately report and perform the defect review
and approval process, and after confirming the description and qualitativeness of the defect, report the defect
type and treatment plan and scheme to the transmission company in a timely manner, and take emergency
measures according to the transmission company’s instructions. After processing, file the defect information as
required.
8.6 For equipment defects that cannot be qualitatively reviewed, the inspection shall be organized on respective
levels. The defects that cannot be qualitative at the inspection station shall be analyzed and determined by the
operation and maintenance department; the defects that cannot be qualitatively determined by the operation and
maintenance department shall be analyzed and determined by the experts from China.
8.7 Defect handling
8.7.1 Integrating the equipment related information, carry out the comprehensive status evaluation, conduct the
equipment maintenance decision-making based on defect discrimination and processing time limit
requirements, make timely arrangement of defect handling and other work to ensure that equipment defects are
handled on schedule.
8.7.2 Time limit for processing equipment defects. The critical defect processing time limit is not more than 24
hours; the serious defect processing time limit is not more than 1 week; the general defect processing time limit
is not more than 3 months.
8.7.3 For major line failures that cause power transmission interruptions, emergency maintenance
mechanisms and plans should be formulated in advance. In the event of any emergency, repair and restoration
should be carried out within the time specified in the table below.
Specified Time for Main Emergency Repairing
Emergency type Reasonable recovery period
Foundation is in good
96 hours (including response time)
Tower condition
Collapse 528 hours (including response
Foundation damaged
time)
Conductor (1-2 sub-conductor) broken 6 hours (excluding response time)
Fittings and/or insulator strings broken 6 hours (excluding response time)
All the other accidents 6 hours (excluding response time)

8.7.4 Before the defect is eliminated, based on the defect, the operation and maintenance management unit shall
organize a comprehensive analysis and judgment, and formulate necessary pre-control measures and

23
emergency plans.
8.8 Elimination of defects and acceptance.
After the defect is handled, the inspection station initiates the acceptance process. After the acceptance is
passed, the inspection station will file the handling situation and acceptance opinions, conduct evaluation,
revise the equipment maintenance decision, and complete the closed-loop management of the defect handling
process.

9 Detection management
9.1 Line detection is an important means to discover hidden equipment hazards, carry out equipment condition
assessment, and provide scientific basis for condition maintenance.
9.2 The line detection should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and methods proposed by the
product and the local power department, and the detection results should be analyzed and judged.
9.3 Records and statistical analysis of test results should be done, and test data should be archived.
9.4 See Table 23 for test items and cycle regulations.
Table 23 Detection items and cycle

Item Cycle year Remarks

Corrosion inspection of poles and iron parts
Tower
Anti-rust inspection of tower configuration and
grounding equipment
Five years after the newly-built line has been put into
operation, a comprehensive inspection shall be conducted,
3 which will be determined based on the line inspection
situation; on-site inspection shall be done after the
anti-corrosion treatment of the poles and towers.
5 Spot check: including excavation inspection

when Fully tighten once a year after commissioning, and then spot
Tower bolt inspection
necessary check later
Tower tilt and deflection when
necessary Select points to measure according to the actual situation.

The insulator should be tested once within 3 years after it is

put into operation, and the whole line should be tested when
the test is required to grasp the degradation rate and the
operation of the insulator. In accordance with the operating
Insulation test of disc porcelain insulator 3-6
conditions, insulator degradation sampling inspection is
performed every 3-6 years, and the inspection period can be
appropriately extended according to the insulator
degradation rate and operating experience.

Fixed-point measurement according to the actual situation,

Contamination measurement of disc-shaped
1 year or selected point measurement according to the inspection
porcelain insulators
situation.
Random inspections will begin in the 6th year after
Corrosion inspection of insulator metal accessories
commissioning.
Insulato Random inspections will begin in the 5th year after
Insulator metal attachment inspection 2
r commissioning.

Insulator cracks, steel cap cracks, plastic cement when

Each cleaning
necessary
and displacement of umbrella skirt and steel cap
Insulator steel cap cracks, flashover burns, when
Each cleaning
distortion of the equalizing ring necessary
Composite insulator umbrella skirt, sheath,
adhesive aging, damage, cracks; corrosion of 2-3 According to operational needs.
fittings and accessories

Composite insulator electrical machinery 5-8 years after commissioning

5
sampling inspection

Sampling test for hydrophobicity of composite

3 From the 6th year after commissioning
insulator

54
24
 Worn wires and ground wires, broken strands, Every time
The spot check guide and the ground wire clamp must be
broken strands, severe corrosion, flashover burns, for
opened in time for inspection.
maintenance
looseness, etc.

Wire connection fittings infrared temperature

1
measurement High temperature and heavy load
0.5
Wire 1) Connecting fittings
Ground 2) Jumper wires and other connections
(OPG For general lines, representative pitches should be selected
W) Vibration measurement of large span wire and for on-site vibration measurement. The measurement points
ground wire 5
1) General part 1 should include suspension clamps, anti-vibration hammers
(Alumi
2) Span and spacer rod clamps. Select points for measurement
num
according to the vibration conditions.
clad
steel) Observation of wire and ground dancing When galloping occurs, it should be observed in time.

The line will be measured once a year after it has been put
into operation, and will be determined later based on the
Measurement of wire sag, ground distance, and when inspection results; the section of overhead lines that span
crossover distance necessary high-speed railways, expressways and important
transmission channels shall conduct at least one lead and
ground sag measurement every year.

Use a telescope to observe whether the connecting tube wire

Diversion fittings test:
a) Straight connection of fittings;
b) Connecting fittings of different metals;
c) Parallel groove clamp, jumper connection
board, crimping strain clamp
Fittings
has broken strands, lantern bulbs, or the wire is pulled out
and shifted after the maximum tension; each line
When
maintenance test connection fitting bolt torque meets the
necessary
standard; the infrared test should be randomly tested when
When
the line load is heavy; determine whether to test according
necessary
to the temperature measurement results. For suspicious
Every time
crimping points and tension clamps in important crossing
sections of the running line, metal flaw detection should be
carried out.

For parts that are difficult to see in appearance, open bolts,

washers, or inspect with instruments. If the line far-infrared
Every time temperature measurement is carried out, the temperature
Inspection of rust, wear, crack and deformation of
for
fittings shall be measured once a year, and the test shall be
maintenance
determined according to the temperature measurement
results.

Every time Fasten once after 1 year of operation, and then conduct
for random inspections.
Spacer inspection maintenance

Tower grounding resistance measurement

1) General part 4
1 Completed before the thunderstorm season each year
2) Minefield
1
Lightni 3) 3km in and out of converter station, large span
and other special areas
ng
protecti
on The time can be adjusted according to operating conditions
equipm or equipment requirements. For line arresters with gaps,
ent and check the appearance of the arresters regularly (at least
groundi Line arrester detection 1-5 once a year, before the thunderstorm season), and record
ng the counter action data; for line arresters without gaps,
device conduct the preventive inspections every 5 years; gapless
arresters with disconnector can be spot-checked in batches.

Ground clearance inspection lightning protection when

necessary According to the problems found during the inspection.
clearance inspection 1
Iron tower, steel pipe pole (tower) foundation
Spot check, dig under the ground lm to check for changes in
(metal foundation, precast foundation,
5 metal parts such as corrosion, concrete cracks, looseness
cast-in-place foundation, cast-in-place pile
and damage.
Founda foundation)
tion Excavate if necessary for grounding resistance test.
Grounding device 5

when
Foundation settlement measurement Select points to measure according to the actual situation.
necessary

25
 when
Cast-in-place pile foundation inspection Carry out pile foundation inspection when necessary.
necessary
Ground resistance measurement 1 Executed when the single circuit is running

Step voltage 1 Executed when the single circuit is running

Current distribution of charged components 0.5 Executed when the single circuit is running

Ground Temperature rise measurement 1 Executed when the single circuit is running
ing
Hole humidity measurement 1 Operate a single-pole ground loop in earlier days or summer

Inspection hole water level inspection 1 Operate a single-pole ground loop in earlier days or summer

Detection of inductive components of detectors 1 Joint downtime maintenance

Excavation inspection 5 Excavation of the feed loop

when
Meteorological measurement Pick a point to proceed.
necessary
Radio interference measurement when Select points to measure according to the actual situation.
necessary
when
Select points to measure according to the actual situation.
Others Ground field strength measurement necessary
Optical fiber composite overhead ground wire,
connecting box, etc. Optical fiber composite Combined outage maintenance
overhead ground wire, junction box, etc.

Protective equipment inspection 1

In large spans or galloping -prone areas, choose representative towers to install online monitoring devices.
Note 1: The inspection cycle can be adjusted according to the actual situation in the region, but it should be approved by the operation and
maintenance management unit.
Note 2: The number of test items and line segments can be selected by the operation and maintenance management unit according to the actual
situation.
Note 3: The inspection of the interphase spacer is carried out according to the cycle of the composite insulator.

10 Maintenance management
10.1 The maintenance items shall be determined according to the equipment condition, inspection results and
anti-accident measures. The main maintenance items and cycles are shown in Table 24.
Table 24 Main items and requirements of line maintenance

S/N Description Requirements

1 Foundation corrosion According to the inspection results.

2 Replacement or repair of tower components According to the inspection results.

3 Anticorrosion of iron parts of tower Determined according to the rust of the iron surface.
4 Tower tilting According to the measurement and inspection results.

The tightening check shall be carried out once within one year of

5 Tower fastening bolt the new line being put into operation; the tightening shall be
checked when necessary according to the actual situation in the
running line.

6 Repair of wire and ground wire damage According to the inspection results.
7 Adjust the sag of wire and ground wire According to the inspection and measurement results.

8 Crossover distance processing According to the measurement results.

9 Replace the insulator According to the inspection and test results.
Adjust the cycle according to pollution conditions, salt density
10 Insulator cleaning
measurement, and operating experience.
Maintenance and adjustment of anti-vibration device and
11 anti-galloping device Adjust the cycle according to the inspection results.
Maintenance and tightening of parallel groove clamp and
12 jumper connecting plate According to the inspection and test results.
13 Spacer replacement According to the inspection and patrol results.

14 Fittings According to the inspection and test results.

15 Cutting and pruning trees and bamboo According to the inspection results.

5416 Repair flood prevention facilities According to the inspection results at any time.
26
 17 Repair line and bridge According to the needs of the scene at any time.

18 Repair bird protection facilities and remove bird nests According to the needs at any time.
Maintenance and adjustment of various online monitoring
19 According to the monitoring results of the monitoring equipment.
equipment
Maintenance of grounding devices and lightning protection
20 According to the inspection and patrol results.
facilities
Complete various signs and line identifications such as line
21 According to the inspection results.
name, pole number, phase, etc.

10.2 According to the nature and scope of the work, the maintenance work shall comply with the relevant
maintenance process requirements and quality standards. When replacing parts for maintenance (such as
replacing poles, cross arms, insulators, etc.), the strength and parameters of the new parts after replacement
should not be less than the original design requirements.
10.3 Line maintenance shall be carried out based on full technical analysis and evaluation based on the data
results of operation inspections, inspections and operation status monitoring.
10.4 Maintenance work should be arranged according to seasonal characteristics and requirements, and various
anti-accident measures should be implemented in time.
10.5 During maintenance, in addition to dealing with defects, all components on the tower shall be inspected
and records shall be made.
10.6 The emergency repair work shall comply with the following regulations:
The operation and maintenance management unit should establish and improve the emergency repair
mechanism. The operation and maintenance management unit shall be equipped with emergency repair tools,
and the tools shall be classified according to different emergency repair methods, including emergency repair
poles and towers according to requirements, and stored in a classified manner.
10.6.1 After review and approval by the operation and maintenance management unit, the approved emergency
repair plan shall be drilled and improved periodically.
10.6.2 The operation and maintenance management unit shall, in accordance with the accident spare parts
management regulations, be equipped with enough emergency spare parts, emergency repair tools, lighting
equipment and necessary communication tools, which shall not be used for other purposes, and counted and
added in time after rush repair. The types and quantities of spare parts for emergency (accidents) shall be
determined in accordance with relevant regulations and the equipment characteristics and operating conditions
of the operation and maintenance management unit. Emergency spare parts should be kept separately, inspected
and tested regularly, and the cycle and method for the renewal of various spare parts should be determined.
10.7 The hot line maintenance and inspection work should be widely carried out.
11 Accident prevention measures and operation management of special sections
11.1 Accident prevention measures
11.1.1 Prevent tower falling accidents
11.1.1.1 The operation and maintenance unit shall reserve a certain number of emergency repair towers in
accordance with the principle of hierarchical storage and centralized use based on the actual situation of the
unit.
11.1.1.2 After severe weather, special line inspections should be carried out. Observation records and image
data should be collected when the line grounding line is galloping, and special inspections and treatments
should be carried out for loose poles and tower bolts and wear of fittings.
11.1.1.3 Strengthen the inspection and maintenance of the tower foundation, and promptly stop and take
corresponding preventive measures against actions that may endanger the safety of the tower foundation, such
as soil borrowing, sand excavation, and quarrying.

27
11.1.1.4 Reliable and effective online monitoring equipment shall be adopted to strengthen the operation
monitoring of special sections.
11.1.2 Prevent disconnection accidents
11.1.2.1 Strengthen the operation and management of the long-span section of the line, conduct the ground line
vibration measurement on schedule, and analyze and deal with it in time when the dynamic bending strain is
found to exceed the standard.
11.1.2.2 In severely corroded areas, an appraisal test should be carried out according to the operating
conditions of the ground conductor; when there are multiple severe corrosion, loose strands, broken strands, or
severe surface oxidation, the conductor should be replaced.
11.1.2.3 For important crossings of operating lines [excluding "three-crossings" (crossing high-speed railways,
crossing expressways, and crossing important power transmission channels)], joints in spans shall be reinforced
with pre-twisted fittings.
11.1.3 Prevent insulators and fittings from breaking accidents
11.1.3.1 Infrared temperature measurement should be carried out during the period of high temperature and
heavy load, focusing on the detection of heat generation of connecting pipes, tension clamps, drainage plates,
and parallel groove clamps, and promptly deal with defects found.
11.1.3.2 Strengthen the inspection of the wear of the bearing shaft of the ground wire suspension clamp. The
severely vibrated section of the ground wire should be opened for inspection at a 2-year cycle, and the severely
worn should be replaced.
11.1.3.3 The operating conditions of the locking pins should be carefully checked. If they are severely corroded
and lose their elasticity, they should be replaced in time; the inspection of the locking pins of V-string
composite insulators should be strengthened to prevent the failure of the locking pins from being compressed
and deformed.
11.1.3.4 Strengthen the detection of porcelain insulators, and replace zero and low-value porcelain insulators
and self-explosive glass insulators in time. Strengthen the inspection of the joints between the sheath of the
composite insulator and the end fittings. The composite insulators with damaged end seals and serious damage
to the sheath should be replaced in time.
11.1.3.5 For composite insulators, random inspection tests shall be carried out in accordance with the items and
cycles specified in this manual and the supplier’s manual, and the mandrel stress corrosion test shall be
added.
11.1.4 Preventing windage yaw flashover accidents
11.1.4.1 The operating unit shall strengthen the investigation of newly added structures around the passage,
various crossing distances, and large-scale side slopes of mountainous lines, and timely control the hidden
dangers that affect the safe operation of the lines.
11.1.4.2 After the windage yaw of the line, check the damage to the wire, fittings, iron tower, etc. and deal with
it in time.
11.1.4.3 After replacing different types of suspension insulator strings, the windage yaw angle and sag of the
conductor should be rechecked.
11.1.5 Preventing "three-crossing" accidents
11.1.5.1 The "three-crossing" transmission line refers to crossing high-speed railways, expressways, and
important transmission channels.
11.1.5.2 The “three-crossing” in operation shall meet the requirements of independent tensile section spanning,
and modification shall be carried out if not.
54
28
11.1.5.3 When a transimission line crosses the high-speed rail, the poles and towers should meet the
requirement of structural that importance coefficient should not be less than 1.1, and if not, it should be
modified.
11.1.5.4 For the high-speed railway transmission lines in operation spanning with independent tensile section,
the inspection shall be carried out according to the requirements, and the modification shall be carried out if
not.
11.1.5.5 During the “three-crossing” operation, non-destructive inspections such as tensile clamp X-ray
fluoroscopy shall be carried out during power shut-down maintenance, and timely processing shall be
conducted according to the test results.
11.1.5.6 The "three-crossing" infrared temperature measurement cycle during operation should not exceed 3
months. When the ambient temperature reaches 35°C or the transmission power exceeds 80% of the rated
power, infrared temperature measurement and sag measurement should be carried out.
11.1.5.7 The "three-crossing" of the scrapped line should be removed, and the out-of-serive "three-crossing"
lines should be included in the normal operation and maintenance scope.
11.1.5.8 The suspension insulator string of the "three-crossing" line shall adopt an independent double string
design. For the lines with large elevation differences and continuous ups and downs in mountainous areas,
single-point double connection can be adopted, and the tensile insulators shall adopt double connection and
above structure. The strength of the single unit should meet the force requirements under normal operating
conditions. The "three-crossing" ground wire suspension should adopt an independent double string design, and
the tensile string connection fittings should be increased by a strength level.
11.1.5.9 The intersection angle between the "three-crossing" line and the high-speed rail should not be less than
45°, and should not be less than 30° in difficult circumstances, and should not be crossed within the starting
signal of a railway station; the intersection angle with the expressway should generally not be less than 45°;
The intersection angle with important transmission channels should not be less than 30°. If there are new
construction of high-speed rails, expressways, or transmission lines, they should be notified in advance in
writing.
11.1.5.10 A pre-twisted anti-vibration hammer should be used in the "three-crossing" section. Wear-resistant
connection fittings should be used for the "three-crossing" ground conductors in areas with severe wind
vibration and areas prone to galloping.
11.1.5.11 Distributed fault diagnosis devices and video monitoring devices should be installed when crossing
high-speed rail; image or video monitoring devices should be installed when crossing expressways and
important power transmission channels.
11.1.5.12 The "three-crossing" ground wire should be aluminum-clad steel stranded wire, and the optical cable
should be OPGW optical cable with all aluminum-clad steel structure.
11.1.5.13 For the "three-crossing" UHV line, there should be no joints for the internal ground wire of the
crossover gear; for other voltage levels "three-crossing", there should be no joint for the internal ground wire of
the tensile section.
11.2 Special section operation requirements
11.2.1 Operational requirements of the large span
11.2.1.1 Special on-site operating procedures shall be formulated according to the environment, equipment
characteristics and operating experience, and the period of maintenance and repair shall be determined
according to actual operating conditions.
11.2.1.2 Special maintenance teams should be set up. In the seasons with frequent floods, strong winds and
29
thunder and lightning activities, it is advisable to set up special personnel to monitor and record, and automatic
monitoring equipment can be installed if conditions permit.
11.2.1.3 Inspection and maintenance of towers, foundations, conductors, ground wires, insulators, fittings and
facilities for flood control, galloping protection, lightning protection, and vibration measurement should be
strengthened, and regular analysis should be done.
11.2.1.4 Vibration measurements should be made on the conductor and ground wires on a regular basis.
11.2.1.5 The period of grounding resistance measurement shall be appropriately shortened.
11.2.1.6 Long-term meteorological, lightning, and hydrological observation records and analysis should be
done.
11.2.1.7 The main tower's lifting equipment, aviation indicator lights, online monitoring, lighting and
communications and other auxiliary facilities shall be maintained and kept at good condition.
11.2.2 Operational requirements for important crossings
11.2.2.1 The cross-crossing status should be grasped in time, and important cross-crossing accounts should be
established and updated dynamically.
11.2.2.2 Infrared temperature measurement and sag measurement should be carried out regularly.
11.2.2.3 The crossing distance shall meet the requirements of this manual.
11.2.2.4 Intelligent monitoring should be strengthened, distributed fault diagnosis devices should be installed
across high-speed rail lines, image or video online monitoring devices should be installed across high-speed
rail stalls, and highways should be installed according to the importance of the crossed objects to achieve the
interconnection of fault location with patrol monitoring.
11.2.3 Operational requirements for thunderstorm-prone region
11.2.3.1 According to the importance of the line, the intensity of lightning activity in the corridor, the
topography and the main structure of the line, differentiated lightning protection measures such as the
installation of line lightning arresters and the reduction of the grounding resistance of the tower shall be
adopted to strengthen the line segment lightning protection.
11.2.3.2 Before the thunderstorm season, the lightning protection facilities should be tested and repaired,
various lightning protection measures should be implemented, and the lightning positioning observation
equipment should be tested, maintained, and commissioned to ensure the normal operation of the lightning
monitoring and early warning system.
11.2.3.3 During the thunderstorm season, the detection of the connection status of the various components of
the lightning protection facilities, the operation of the lightning protection equipment and the observation
device shall be strengthened, and the observation records of lightning activities shall be made.
11.2.3.4 Check the lines struck by lightning. The damaged equipment should be replaced and repaired in time.
The wires and ground clamps of the insulator string with flashover must be opened for inspection. If necessary,
check the adjacent gear clamps and grounding device.
11.2.3.5 Combining the data from the lightning monitoring and early warning system, organize a lightning
failure analysis, summarize the effects of existing lightning protection facilities, study more effective lightning
protection measures, and implement them.
11.2.4 Operation requirements for heavy pollution areas
11.2.4.1 The external insulation of the line in the heavily polluted area should be "configured in place with
margin". In special areas, after approval by the superior authority, after configuring enough creepage distance,
if necessary, long-term anti-pollution flashover paint can be sprayed on porcelain insulators.
11.2.4.2 Spots should be selected for periodic measurement of salt density and ash density, and more testing
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points are required than in general areas. If necessary, establish a pollution experiment station to grasp the
degree of pollution, the nature of pollution, the pollution rate of the insulator surface area, and the laws of
meteorological changes.
11.2.4.3 Before the pollution flashover season, combined with the pollution area distribution map, the pollution
level should be determined tower by tower, and the implementation of anti-pollution flashover measures should
be checked. When the pollution level is not compatible with the uniform creepage distance, the creepage
distance should be adjusted in time, the insulator type should be adjusted, or other effective anti-pollution
flashover measures should be adopted. Zero (low) value insulators and composite insulators whose
hydrophobicity has failed should be replaced in time.
11.2.4.4 The cleaning cycle shall be determined according to factors such as the degree of pollution, the rate of
contamination, and the law of meteorological changes, and the cleaning shall be arranged in time to ensure the
cleaning quality.
11.2.4.5 A special inspection responsibility system shall be established, special inspections shall be carried out
on site during inclement weather, and abnormalities shall be analyzed in time and measures shall be taken.
11.2.4.6 Testing and analysis should be done, the pattern and laws should be mastered, and experiences be
summarized. The corresponding effective anti-pollution flashover measures should be selected for different
types of pollutants, and the temporary remedial measures should be transformed into long-term defensive
measures in time.
11.2.5 Operation requirements for bird-related fault zones
11.2.5.1 Carry out extensive investigation and collection of bird activity laws along the route, study the
characteristics of bird-related failures and the division of risk levels, and accumulate bird-related failure
prevention experience.
11.2.5.2 According to the bird-related failure risk distribution diagram, as well as the operating conditions,
select bird-proof devices in a targeted manner.
11.2.5.3 Prior to the season when bird-related failures occur frequently, the integrity of the bird-prevention
device should be checked, and the deformation, damage, or missing of the bird-prevention device should be
dealt with in time.
11.2.5.4 In the season when bird-related failures occur frequently, check bird nesting, large-scale bird activities,
bird-pecking insulators, and insulators contaminated with bird droppings. Remove the bird's nest directly above
the insulator hanging point in time, and clean or replace the insulators contaminated by bird droppings.
11.2.5.5 Bird-proof devices should be installed in time for lines in areas with frequent bird damage, such as
bird thorns, bird-proof baffles, large-diameter insulators for the first insulator of the suspension string, and
bird-proof equalizing rings on the cross-arm side of composite insulators. The inspection and maintenance of
the installed bird protection devices should be strengthened, and the failed bird protection devices should be
replaced in time.
11.2.6 Operation requirements for areas prone to damage caused by external forces
11.2.6.1 A sound channel localization system should be established to actively cooperate with local public
security organs and judicial departments to crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as sabotage, theft,
and purchase of line equipment.
11.2.6.2 Strengthen inspections and publicity, and promptly stop the activities that may endanger the safe
operation of the line, such as wasteland burning, straw burning, kite flying, mountain blasting, blasting
operations, large-scale mechanical construction, and illegal sand mining near the line.
11.2.6.3 The height limit warning signs should be set up in the line protection zone or nearby roads, railways,
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water conservancy, municipal construction sites and other sections that may cause accidental contact with the
line or other effective measures should be taken to prevent cranes and other construction machinery from
hitting the line.
11.2.6.4 Clean the tree barriers and accumulations in the line channel in time to prevent discharge accidents
caused by the insufficient distance between the trees, accumulations and the power line; timely clean or
reinforce the color steel tiles, greenhouse films, sunshade nets, etc. in the line channels that may float.
11.2.6.5 For the line poles and towers that are easily collided by external forces, anti-collision piers (walls)
should be set up, and eye-catching paint should be painted.
11.2.6.6 Carry out the investigation of hidden dangers of external damage, establish files of hidden dangers of
external damage, formulate the inspection and control plan of hidden dangers, obtain notifications of hidden
dangers, set up warning signs, strengthen special inspections, squat when necessary, and install video (or image)
monitoring devices, and implement dynamic management and control of hidden dangers of external damage.
11.2.6.7 The factories and mines where there are blasting operations around the lines should be strengthened to
prevent the occurrence of incidents such as damage to the ground wires and insulators caused by splashes from
the blasting operations.
11.2.6.8 Before the wild fire prone season, it is necessary to carry out fire prevention hidden danger screening,
master the perigee vegetation of the line and the hidden danger spots of the line, and clear the trees and weeds
that may endanger the safe operation of the line due to the wild fire inside and outside the protection zone. In
the areas with serious wild fire hazards, the wild fire isolation zone should be maintained regularly, and fire
monitoring and recording should be strengthened by means of special patrol, personnel squatting, setting up
wild fire lookout and installing wild fire monitoring equipment.
11.2.6.9 During the growth period of trees and bamboos, especially the growth period of bamboo shoots, the
cleaning efforts should be increased to ensure that the trees and bamboos maintain a enough safe distance from
the wires.
11.2.7 Operation requirements for micro-topography areas and micro-weather areas
11.2.7.1 Micrometeorological observation stations should be set up in natural disaster areas where the design
standards are frequently exceeded, and the distribution and basic conditions of micrometeorological areas
should be determined by monitoring.
11.2.7.2 The tower type, insulator string type and wire arrangement mode that have been put into operation and
proved unable to meet the requirements of the micrometeorological area should be modified or replaced in a
planned way, recorded and submitted to the design department, and will no longer be used in similar areas.
11.2.7.3 Before the windy season, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the operating lines in the
micro-weather zone to eliminate equipment defects or hidden safety hazards, and implement various wind
prevention measures.
11.2.7.3 Before the high wind season, the operating lines in the micro-meteorological area should be
comprehensively inspected to eliminate equipment defects or potential safety hazards and implement various
windproof measures.
11.2.7.4 When a new line is built, the micro-meteorological area provided by the operation and maintenance
management unit should be avoided as far as possible when choosing the path; When it is impossible to avoid,
the design scheme in accordance with the actual site should be adopted to ensure the safe operation of the line.
11.2.8 Operational requirements for poor geological areas
11.2.8.1 Collect the change information of the geological environment of the transmission line, establish the
hidden danger ledger of geological disasters, and accumulate data for the operation of transmission lines in
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adverse geological areas.
11.2.8.2 It is necessary to regularly observe the tilt of electric poles and towers and foundation settlement in
adverse geological areas, and it is advisable to install on-line monitoring devices for the tilt of electric poles
and towers in high-risk areas.
11.2.8.3 If surface cracks are found around the foundation during operation, actively contact the design unit to
conduct on-site investigation and put forward the treatment plan. According to the treatment plan, the ground
cracks and collapse around the foundation tower should be timely treated to prevent rainwater and mountain
torrents from aggravating foundation collapse.
11.2.8.4 The operation inspection of the line should be strengthened. In combination with the geographical
environment and seasonal changes of the line, the tilt of pole tower, deformation of tower material or rod body,
change of foundation root, change of sag of ground guide wire, change of ground collapse and crack should be
checked in the unfavorable geological area, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken to avoid
accidents such as falling tower and broken line.
12 Operation management of line protection zone
12.1 New buildings, factories and mines, tree planting and other production activities that endanger the safe
operation of the line shall be controlled in the protection zone of the overhead transmission line. See Table 25
for the boundary protection zone of voltage conductors at all levels in general areas.
Table 25-Scope of the sideline protection zone for conductors of various voltage levels in general areas

Voltage level kV Distance from sideline m

±660 25

Grounding electrode line 10

In densely populated areas such as factories, mines, towns, etc., the area of the overhead transmission line
protection zone may be slightly smaller than the above regulations, but the extension distance of the edges of
the voltage conductors at all levels shall not be less than the sum of the horizontal distance and the safe
distance from the building after the maximum calculated sag of the wire and the maximum calculated wind
offset.
12.2 When inspectors discover hidden dangers in the protection zone, they should understand and record
detailed information about them.
12.3 The operation and maintenance management unit should contact the unit (individual) which is responsible
for the hidden danger, inform them of the Pakistani state and industry relevant regulations on the protection of
power facilities, urge it to rectify and eliminate the hidden danger in time.
12.4 The operation and maintenance management unit shall promptly report the hidden dangers that cannot be
eliminated to the competent government department and conduct the on-site monitoring and tracking.
12.5 The operation and maintenance management unit shall establish and improve the hidden danger account,
implement hierarchical control and dynamic update. The contents of the ledger include the time, location,
situation, unit (individual) of the discovery, contact information, processing status and results, etc.
12.6 The operation and maintenance management unit shall preach to the construction companies who have
fixed sites in the protection zone about Pakistan state and industry laws and regulations on the protection of
electric power facilities and other relevant provisions, and sign a safety responsibility letter (or agreement) with
it to clarify the preventive measures and safety responsibilities, and at the same time strengthen the line
inspection, and carry out on-site supervision when necessary.
12.7 The operation and maintenance management unit shall promptly stop the operations that may endanger the

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safe operation of the line in the protection zone (such as the use of large construction machinery such as cranes)
or the operations that may endanger the safe operation of the line in the adjacent protection zone and order
them to adopt measures confirmed by the operation and maintenance management unit to ensure the safe
operation of the line, and the on-site monitoring shall be carried out when necessary.
12.8 On line towers or near lines that are prone to external damage to hidden dangers, prominent prohibition,
warning, warning signs or publicity notices should be set up.
12.9 If the line suffers man-made damage or the main part of the line is stolen, it should be reported to the local
public security department in time and cooperate with the investigation.
12.10 It is advisable to use advanced technical prevention measures to prevent or monitor hidden dangers in the
line. For example, hard isolation measures should be installed in the line passage and nearby construction sites;
when the distance between the tower and tower foundation does not meet the requirements for the road,
anti-collision piers can be installed.
13 Power facility protection management
13.1 The operation and maintenance management unit shall take the following measures to protect power
facilities.
13.1.1 On the boundary of the necessary overhead power line protection zone, signs shall be set up, and the
width and protection regulations of the protection zone shall be indicated.
13.1.2 In the section where the conductor of the overhead power line crosses important highways and
waterways, signs shall be set up and the safe distance between the conductor and the crossing object shall be
marked.
13.2 Any unit or individual who conducts blasting operations around power facilities must ensure the safety of
power facilities in accordance with relevant national regulations.
13.3 No unit or individual shall engage in the following acts that endanger power line facilities:
A) Shoot at power line facilities;
B) Throw objects at the guide line;
C) Fly kites in an area of 300 meters on each side of the overhead power line conductor;
D) Connect electrical equipment to wires without authorization;
E) Climb poles or towers without authorization or erecting power lines, communication lines, broadcasting
lines on the poles, and installing broadcast speakers;
F) Use pole towers as lifting and traction ground anchors;
G) Tie livestock, hang objects, and climb crops on poles;
H) Take soil, piling, drill, excavate or dump acid, alkali, salt and other harmful chemicals within the
specified range of the pole and tower foundation;
I) Build roads in the tower (excluding between the tower and the tower) or in the middle of the tower;
J) Disassemble the equipment of the tower, move or damage permanent signs or signs;
K) Other acts that endanger power line facilities.
13.4 Any unit or individual in the overhead power line protection zone must comply with the following
regulations:
A) Grain, forage, garbage, slag, combustibles, explosives and other items that affect the safe power supply
shall not be stacked;
B) Kiln burning or wasteland burning is not allowed;
C) No buildings or structures shall be constructed;
D) Do not plant plants that may endanger the safety of power facilities.
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13.5 Any unit or individual must be approved by the operation and maintenance management unit and take
safety measures before performing the following operations or activities:
A) Carry out farmland water conservancy capital construction projects, piling, drilling, and excavation
operations in the overhead power line protection zone;
B) Any part of the crane enters the overhead power line protection zone for construction;
C) Less than the safe distance between the wire and the crossing object, pass through the overhead power
line protection zone;
D) Work in the power cable line protection zone.
13.6 Anti-theft measures for power facilities
Overhead line poles and towers should adopt anti-unloading bolts, anti-climbing, anti-collision and other
measures. When necessary, video surveillance systems can be installed in areas prone to theft and hidden
dangers of external forces.
13.7 Measures to prevent damage to construction vehicles (machinery)
13.7.1 If there are vehicles and machinery within 15 meters of the outer edge of the tower foundation, which
are frequently approaching the passage section, the tower foundation should be reinforced by the coupling
beam reinforcement measures, supporting brick-built sand-filling piers, energy dissipation anti-collision
buckets, rubber retaining rings, fences, and other auxiliary measures to damp the impact.
13.7.2 For fixed construction sites, such as bridge road construction, railways, highways, etc.,, where
construction in the protection zone or construction sites that may endanger the safety of power facilities,
promote the use of protective piles, height-limiting frames (nets), limiting facilities, videos surveillance, laser
alarm devices, and actively try new protective devices.
13.7.3 For mobile (moving) construction sites, such as road tree planting, seedling greening, temporary hoisting,
logistics, warehousing, earth picking, sand dredging and other places, temporary installation of warning signs
or flags, laying of warning belts, installation of warning guardrail and other safety protection measures may be
taken in the protection zone.
13.7.4 When installing height limiting devices, consult with the traffic management department to install height
limiting devices in front and back of the crossing position of road and power line. Generally, the gantry frame
structure shall be adopted. Limit height shall be marked at the prominent position of the height limiting column
to prevent collision caused by over-high vehicles. Or temporarily install a limit height device in the line
protection zone at the fixed construction work point, indicating the limit height to prevent the crane or cement
pump truck arm from entering the line protection zone.
13.7.5 Electric fencing shall be installed on both sides of the boundary of the line protection zone. Safety
fencing or ropes with colored flags are usually used to prevent fixed operating vehicles near the line protection
zone from entering the line protection zone.
13.7.6 When conditions permit, a near-electric alarm device can be installed on the top of the crane and other
vehicles to set the distance from the high-voltage cable in advance. When the top of the crane and other
vehicles are close to the high-voltage cable, sound and light alarms will be started immediately to prompt the
operator to stop the operation immediately.
13.7.7 In large construction sites around power facilities, multiple sections such as mobile operations and tree
planting can be equipped with video online monitoring devices. Through personnel monitoring, the mobile
operations or other behaviors affecting the safe operation of power facilities in line protection zones can be
timely understood, and the construction progress and safety situation on site can be mastered. At the same time,
in the occurrence of external damage to the fault, the surveillance video can be viewed to find the vehicle or
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responsible personnel.
13.7.8 For the construction work adjacent to the overhead power line protection zone, additional barriers, bars,
fences and protective nets shall be added for protection and isolation, and eye-catching warning signs shall be
hung.
13.8 Measures to prevent short circuit caused by foreign matters
13.8.1 The operation and maintenance management unit shall require the manager or owner to dismantle or
reinforce the temporary buildings such as colored steel tiles near the power facility protection zone. It can be
reinforced by installing windproof cable and connecting angle steel with ground foundation.
13.8.2 The operation and maintenance management unit shall request the unit or individual responsible for
hidden dangers to rectify the garbage sites or waste recovery sites that endanger the safe operation of electric
power facilities, and take effective fixed measures for the potential floating objects, such as plastic cloth, tin
foil, tape strips and household garbage. If necessary, it shall be submitted to government departments for
coordinated disposal.
13.8.3 The vertical distance between the solar greenhouse and the top of the plastic greenhouse and the wires in
the overhead power line protection zone shall meet the requirements of relevant design and operation
specifications under the condition of maximum calculated sag, and shall be removed if it does not meet the
requirements.
13.8.4 The operation and maintenance management unit shall strengthen the publicity of knowledge about the
use of greenhouses and plastic film, guide farmers to set up solid and qualified plastic greenhouses, urge
farmers to recycle and clean up waste plastic film in time, and shall not randomly pile it in the fields near the
line passage or burn it near the line passage.
13.8.5 For solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses within 100 meters on each side outside the overhead
power line protection zone, the owner or manager shall be required to take reinforcement measures. Before the
typhoon comes in summer, the operation and maintenance management unit should urge the greenhouses
owners or managers to take reliable reinforcement measures to prevent the blowing of the film from damaging
the power facilities.
13.8.6 During line patrol, the operation and maintenance management unit should carry out publicity and
education on prevention and control of plastic film pollution, so as to enhance farmers' awareness of the
dangers of plastic film pollution. Farmers should be required to clean up the recycled residual film in time, to
avoid the plastic film blown up by the wind, endangering the safe operation of power facilities.
13.9 Measures to prevent tree and bamboo discharge
13.9.1 Intensify the control of hidden dangers of tree-line contradictions in the power line protection zone,
promptly clean up and trim the tree barriers in the line protection zone that affect the line safety, and strengthen
efforts to control potential safety hazards of trees whose height is greater than the horizontal distance between
them and the lines outside the protected areas. Before the change of weather, clear the broken branches of trees
on surrounding buildings and roads prone to be picked up by the wind.
13.9.2 The operation and maintenance management unit shall, before the end of November each year, notify
the landscape departments at all levels, the relevant management departments (such as highway management
unit, property management unit, etc.) and the owner of the branch pruning work in written form, and actively
cooperate with the pruning work.
13.9.3 Units and individuals that fail to prune branches as required shall be timely reported to the relevant
power authorities of the government.
13.9.4 Power line channels should be planned to set in open areas as far as possible, and the road below should
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be green belt to ensure the natural growth of trees and the distance of overhead lines should meet the
requirements of safety distance.
13.10 Precautions against fishing line contact
13.10.1 The operation and maintenance management unit shall set up safety warning signs on the bank of fish
pond near the overhead power line protection zone in accordance with regulations. Warning signs can be set up
at the village entrance, intersection and other places that must be passed through by villagers to improve the
warning effect.
13.10.2 Strengthen the publicity of fishing safety knowledge near power lines. TV, SMS and other ways can be
used to focus on the angler, fish pond owners for publicity.
13.10.3 Operation and maintenance management units shall sign safety agreements with fishpond owners,
inform them of the hazards of fishing under the transmission lines and relevant legal responsibilities, urge
fishpond owners to strengthen management, and jointly prevent the occurrence of electric shock accidents
incurred by fishing.
13.11 Fire prevention measures
13.11.1 In conjunction with the local government, publicize relevant laws and regulations to the public, raise
the legal awareness of the public, strictly control fire sources, and eliminate wild fires caused by man-made
sources.
13.11.2 In the special period of time when wild fires are prone to occur, it is necessary to strengthen line patrol
and assign personnel to guard key fire prevention areas. Where conditions permit, video monitoring and other
facilities can be installed to timely find and deal with hidden dangers of wild fires.
13.11.3 Carry out special fire prevention publicity, such as installing fire prevention warning boards, publicity
boards, pasting and issuing publicity leaflets in areas where fire is likely to occur.
13.11.4 Strengthen the operation, maintenance and management of power line channels. Trees and weeds
around the poles and towers and in the line corridors should be cleared away. Trees that do not meet the
requirements of regulations in the line corridors should be cut down resolutely.
13.11.5 Thoroughly clean up the inflammable and explosive articles piled up in the line protection zone,
publicize the hazard of fire to the line and the serious consequences caused by fire to the residents who often
pile hay and grain under the line, and require relocation.
13.11.6 Establish and improve contingency plans to ensure personnel, vehicles and equipment are in place.
Strengthen the contact with fire control, public security and forestry departments. In case of wild fire, take the
initiative to contact with local government, police and fire control forces immediately, and organize timely to
extinguish the fire.
13.11.7 Apply for step-down operation in case of wild fire that may cause line failure on DC transmission lines.
13.12 Preventive measures against chemical corrosion
13.12.1 The operation and maintenance management unit shall pay attention to collect environmental
information that may cause serious corrosion, such as the nature, scope and dominant wind direction of the
pollutant source, and avoid the pollutant source as far as possible or place the line above the dominant wind
direction.
13.12.2 Anticorrosive conductors and aluminum-clad steel wires may be used for power lines in areas with
serious pollution sources, and aluminum-plated steel wires in steel-cored aluminum strands may be used to
solve the problem of contact corrosion between aluminum and steel.
13.12.3 If the ground conductors are seriously corroded, the ground conductors shall be replaced in time.
13.12.4 The anti-corrosion work of the metal parts of the tower shall be carried out in accordance with the
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regulations and strictly controlled by the process.
13.12.5 When different metals are connected to each other in power facilities, it is advisable to use cast welded
joints. When a bolted joint is necessary, the two metals shall be separated from each other by a protective layer
to prevent electrochemical corrosion of the joint.
13.13 Measures to prevent illegal sand mining in river channels
13.13.1 Sort out whether the design standards of cross-river routes meet navigable water level and river
navigation standards, master the sag changes of important cross-river routes under high temperature and heavy
load, as well as the height of sand dredging ships and large ships passing below the line, and carry out
necessary tower elevation renovation work.
13.13.2 Increase the potential safety problems of illegal sand mining in the transmission line channels, carry
out special joint law enforcement work with the relevant departments of the local government to punish
illegal sand mining, intensify the fight against illegal sand mining leading to accidents in the power grid, and
investigate the economic compensation liability and criminal liability.
13.13.3 Carry out training and publicity activities on sand mining enterprises and power facilities protection of
sand mining vessels.
13.13.4 Taking into account the characteristics of flood season and wet season and the actual situation of the
safe distance between crossing points, permanent river crossing lines, elevated limit and safety warning signs
(boards) shall be set up to indicate the limit height and requirements of objects crossing under the power line,
and video monitoring system shall be installed when necessary.
13.14 Measures for preventing blasting operations
13.14.1 It is strictly prohibited to conduct blasting operations within 500 meters of the horizontal distance of
overhead power lines. If blasting operations must be carried out due to work needs, the operating units shall be
required to take reliable safety precautions in accordance with this manual and relevant laws and regulations,
and the written consent of the operation and maintenance management units shall be obtained and reported to
the relevant administrative departments of the government for approval.
13.14.2 The operation and maintenance management unit shall clear up the blasting operation sites within its
jurisdiction that may affect the transmission lines, set up accounting books, strengthen monitoring, and assign
responsibility to the person. Carry out regular patrol and inspection of the blasting operation construction site,
install online video monitoring devices in key blasting operation sections, or send personnel on duty to
implement real-time monitoring.
13.14.3 The operation and maintenance management unit shall timely send a written notice for rectification of
hidden dangers found in blasting operation. In case of demolition operations in disregard of dissuasion or safety
measures, a copy of the operation shall be submitted to the relevant departments of the government and the
government shall be requested to take measures to stop them.
13.14.4 Prior to the commencement of the blasting operation, the blasting construction unit shall provide safety
education to all construction personnel, especially those related to the blasting operation, make clear the
situation of the electric power facilities near the blasting operation, and master the protective measures of the
electric power facilities during the blasting operation.
13.14.5 The blasting construction unit shall arrange special personnel to manage the blasting site. Before the
start of blasting on the same day, rubber and iron plates used to cover the holes during blasting must be placed
on the construction site. Before blasting, the administrator must check the blasting quantity, perforation
coverage and implementation of other safety measures, and proceed with blasting construction only if there is
no hidden danger.
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13.14.6 Blasting and excavation shall be prohibited in line protection zones such as iron towers, and blasting
near line protection zones shall be carried out in accordance with regulations, and shallow holes and loose
blasting measures with little explosives shall be taken.
13.14.7 Blasting shall be carried out in the area with horizontal extension of 10 meters at the lower edge of the
wire, with shallow holes and loose blasting measures with little explosives (charges). No more than 4 blasts
shall be conducted each time. Trial blasting shall be conducted before blasting to ensure that there is no threat
to the safety of the high-voltage wire.
13.14.8 For blasting in an area 10-50 meters away from the edge wire, the number of blasts per time may be
appropriately relaxed while covering measures are taken, but it is prohibited to blast in large areas at one time.
13.14.9 In blasting operation, the depth of the hole and the amount of charge or explosives shall be constructed
in strict accordance with the requirements, and detonators shall not be installed before explosives.
13.14.10 Rubber and iron plates must be used to effectively cover the perforation and gun line before blasting
construction can be carried out to prevent flying stones and gun line from damaging the power facilities.
13.14.11 After blasting operation, the abandoned gun-line on the site shall be cleaned in time and the gun-line
attached to the wire shall be checked, and the problem, if any, shall be reported to the operation and
maintenance management unit immediately.
13.14.12 Carry out special publicity for anti-blasting operation, train safety personnel and blasting operation
personnel of the construction unit, post and distribute publicity materials on the construction site, and set up
safety warning signs on the construction site.
13.15 Hidden danger control measures for goaf (coal mine subsidence area)
13.15.1 When the line is moved and changed, goaf (subsidence area) should be avoided as far as possible. If it
is really difficult to avoid it, the scope of underground goaf should be carefully understood, basic parameters
such as mining depth, mining thickness and proportion of coal mine should be grasped, mining planning and
progress of mining enterprises should be grasped, and relatively safe and reliable locations should be
reasonably selected.
13.15.2 When the power line passes through goaf, it shall avoid using isolated gears, especially those with
small spacing. The number of corner tower should be reduced as far as possible, large corner should be avoided,
and tensile length should be shortened as far as possible.
13.15.4 The operation and maintenance management units shall master the coal mining plan and the dynamic
situation. It is necessary to establish a regular communication mechanism with all coal mines and mining
enterprises, timely grasp the actual situation of power lines in goaf, coal pressure area and mining area,
establish goaf ledger, and bring it into daily operation and maintenance management.
13.15.5 For electric power facilities in goaf, relevant agreements shall be signed with coal mines, mines and
other enterprises, requiring relevant enterprises to timely report mining plans and mining information to the
operation and maintenance management units, so as to ensure that the operation and maintenance management
units can take preventive measures in advance to prevent power facilities from falling down poles and breaking
wires and other emergencies.
13.15.6 The operation and maintenance management unit shall strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the
facilities in goaf, strengthen the monitoring of the electric poles and towers in goaf and mined-out area through
online monitoring device and manual measurement, and make detailed records. Special patrol should be
arranged after the temperature rises in spring and rain in summer, so as to timely grasp the geological,
environmental and tower changes in the mining area.
13.15.7 If the tilt degree of goaf tower is within the scope allowed by the regulations, emergency treatment
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measures such as releasing the tension of ground guide wire, making quadrangle cable to control the tilt of
tower, adding backing plate to sunken foundation and reinforcing can be taken. When the tilt of the tower in
goaf exceeds the maximum allowable value of the regulation, measures should be taken to replace the
adjustable tower foot plate and adjust the tilt of the tower in time. At the same time, according to the site
monitoring data and site collapse development and change, when the tilt of the tower intensifies and further
worsens, the operation mode should be changed in a timely manner, and technical renovation should be
arranged.
14 Work Safety Procedures
14.1 General
14.1.1 Basic conditions on the job site.
14.1.1.1 The production conditions and safety facilities at the work site shall meet the requirements of relevant
standards and specifications, and the labor protection articles of the staff shall be qualified and complete.
14.1.1.2 Places where people often work and construction vehicles should be equipped with first aid kits to
store first aid supplies, and special persons should be designated for regular inspection, supplement or
replacement.
14.1.1.3 Safety instruments used on site shall be qualified and meet relevant requirements. Inspect all safety
appliances monthly to ensure that they are in good and safe condition and not weakened by aging and wear. All
PPE should be checked before starting work. Any replacement due to wear and tear shall be carried out
immediately. All personnel working more than 8 feet above the ground, except on platforms, should use their
safety belts properly.
14.1.1.4 Operators of all kinds shall be informed of the risk factors, preventive measures and emergency
treatment measures existing in their work sites and positions.
14.1.2 Basic requirements for operating personnel.
14.1.2.1 Certified by a physician that he/she has no medical conditionsthat may interfere with work (it is
recommended to have a physical examination at least once every two years).
14.1.2.2 They shall have necessary electrical knowledge and business skills, be familiar with relevant parts of
this procedure according to the nature of the job, and pass the examination.
14.1.2.3 They shall have the necessary knowledge of production safety and learn the emergency first-aid
method, especially the first aid by electric shock.
14.1.2.4 When they enter the work site, safety helmet shall be properly worn, and all cotton long-sleeved
overalls and insulating shoes shall be worn by site operators.
14.1.3 Education and training.
14.1.3.1 All kinds of operators shall receive the corresponding education on production safety and post skill
training, and pass the examination prior to taking up the post.
14.1.3.2 Operators shall take an examination of this procedure once a year. If the electrical work is interrupted
for more than three consecutive months for some reason, they should relearn this procedure, and only after
passing the examination can they resume their work.
14.1.3.3 New electrical workers, interns and temporary workers (management personnel, temporary workers,
etc.) shall not participate in the designated work on site until they have been educated in safety knowledge, and
shall not work alone.
14.1.3.4 The workers of the external contractors or external workers engaged in the electric work of the
operation and maintenance management unit shall be familiar with this manual, pass the examination, and be
approved by the equipment operation and maintenance management unit before taking part in the work. Before
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work, the equipment operation and maintenance management unit shall inform the field electrical equipment
wiring information, danger points and safety precautions.
14.1.4 Any person who finds any violation of this code shall immediately stop the violation and resume the
operation after correction. Operators of all kinds shall have the right to refuse to take risks under orders in
violation of regulations; In the event of an emergency that directly endangers the safety of human life, power
grid or equipment, it shall have the right to stop operations or, after taking possible emergency measures,
withdraw from the workplace and report immediately.
14.1.5 While testing and popularizing new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials,
corresponding safety measures shall be formulated and implemented after approval by the production
person-in-charge of the operation and maintenance management unit.
14.2 Organizational measures to ensure safety
14.2.1 Organizational measures to ensure safety when working on power lines.
A) Site survey system.
B) Work ticket system.
C) Work permit system.
E) Work monitoring system.
F) Work interruption system.
G) Termination and restoration of the power supply system.
14.2.2 Site survey system.
14.2.2.1 Before performing maintenance and repair of power line, if the work ticket issuer or the person in
charge of the work thinks necessary, the construction and maintenance unit shall organize site survey according
to the work task and fill in the site survey record (see Appendix A). Site investigation shall be organized by the
work ticket issuer or the person in charge of the work.
14.2.2.2 Site investigation shall check the scope of (power) shut-down required for site construction (overhaul)
operation, the conditions for keeping the live parts, and environment and other dangerous points of the site.
According to the results of field investigation, for those operation items with higher risks, complexity and
difficulties, organizational measures, technical measures and safety measures shall be formulated be
implemented after approval by the operation and maintenance management unit.
14.2.3 Work ticket system.
14.2.3.1 Work on power lines shall be carried out in the following manner:
A) Fill in the first type of work ticket for the use of power lines (see Appendix B).
B) Fill in the second type of work ticket for electric lines (see Appendix C).
C) Fill in the ticket for live operation of power lines (see Appendix D).
D) Fill in the emergency repair list for electric line accidents (see Appendix E).
E) Verbal or telephone commands.
14.2.3.2 The work of filling in the first work ticket is as follows:
A) Work during the blackout/shutdown of DC transmission lines.
B) Work on DC ground electrode lines.
14.2.3.3 The work of filling in the second work ticket is as follows:
A) Work at a specified distance on a live line tower with a minimum safe distance from a live wire.
B) Work that does not require power cut on DC transmission lines.
C) Work that does not require power cut on the DC ground electrode line.
14.2.3.4 The work of filling in the work ticket for live work is as follows:
41
 Live work or work at a distance less than that specified in Table 26 and greater than that in Table 28 from
adjacent live equipment.
14.2.3.5 The work of filling in the emergency repair order for accidents is as follows:
A) Work ticket or emergency repair bill shall be filled in for emergency repair.
B) Work tickets shall be used for non-consecutive emergency repair work.
14.2.3.6 The work to be performed according to verbal or telephone orders shall be:
A) Measure the ground resistance.
B) Trim the branches.
C) Inspection and rectification of defects of tower bottom and foundation.
D) Replace tower numbers, install mark plate, etc., and work at the place below the lowest conductor,
and maintain a safe distance as shown in Table 27.
14.2.3.7 Filling in and issuing work tickets.
14.2.3.7.1 Work tickets shall be filled in and issued with black or blue pen or ballpoint pen in duplicate, with
correct contents and clear filling, and shall not be altered arbitrarily. The individual mistakes or missing words,
if any, shall be modified by standard symbols with clear handwriting.
14.2.3.7.2 Computer generated or printed work tickets shall be in a uniform face format. It shall be checked and
verified by the work ticket issuer with manual or electronic signature.
One copy of the work ticket shall be submitted to the person in charge of the work, and one copy shall be
retained by the work ticket issuer or the work approver. The work ticket should be given to the person in charge
in advance.
14.2.3.7.3 In a work ticket, the work ticket issuer and the work approver shall not concurrently be the person in
charge of the work.
14.2.3.7.4 The work ticket shall be filled in by the person in charge or the work ticket issuer.
14.2.3.7.5 The work ticket shall be issued by the equipment operation and maintenance management unit, and
may also be issued by the maintenance and infrastructure construction unit that has passed the examination and
approval of the equipment operation and maintenance management unit. The name list of the work ticket issuer
and the person in charge of the work of the overhaul and capital construction unit shall be sent to the relevant
equipment operation and maintenance management unit for record in advance.
14.2.3.7.6 In the contracting project, work tickets may be issued in the form of "double signing". When issuing
the work ticket, both parties shall sign their names respectively on the work ticket, and each party shall bear the
corresponding security responsibility of the work ticket issuer in this procedure.
14.2.3.8 Use of work tickets.
14.2.3.8.1 For the first kind of work ticket, each ticket can only be used for one line or several power supply
lines at the same electrical connection position or several lines set up with the same (combined) tower and
power stop/supply at the same time. In terms of the second kind of work ticket, for the same voltage class, the
same type of work, a work ticket can be shared on several lines. In terms of the live work ticket, for the same
voltage class, the same type, the same safety measures and live work to be conducted in turns, a work ticket can
be shared on several lines. During the working period, the work ticket should always be kept in the hands of the
person in charge of the work.
14.2.3.8.2 One person in charge cannot execute multiple work tickets at the same time. If there are several
groups working under one work ticket, each group should designate the group leader (supervisor) and use the
task list (see Appendix F).
The work task list is in duplicate, signed by the work ticket issuer or the person in charge of the work, one copy
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retained by the person in charge of the work, and one copy delivered to the person in charge of the shift for
execution. The work task list shall be approved by the work leader. After the completion of the work, the shift
leader shall return the task list and handle the completion procedures to the person in charge.
14.2.3.8.3 When performing line maintenance (construction) on one circuit, and thepower lines adjacent to or
intersecting this circuit need shut-down and grounding, corresponding safety measures shall be included in
the work ticket. If such shut-down line belongs to other units, the maintenance (construction) unit shall apply
in writing in advance to obtain the consent/agreement of the other unit management, and then implement the
power shut-down and grounding.
14.2.3.8.4 In only one work ticket filled to be used for the work of a line in sections, , with the consent of the
work ticket issuer, safety measures such as grounding wires installed by the working shift can be implemented
in stages under the condition of line maintenance. The ground wire number, installation and disassembly time,
position and other information transferred with the working section should be clearly stated in the work ticket.
14.2.3.8.5 If the operator enters a substation or a power plant step-up substation to carry out overhead line
work with the line work ticket, additional work tickets shall be filled, and shall be approved by the substation
or power plant work permit and retained. The name list of the ticket issuer and the person in charge of the work
of the above-mentioned units shall be sent to the relevant operation and maintenance management units for
record in advance.
14.2.3.9 Validity and extension of work tickets.
14.2.3.9.1 The valid time of the first and second work tickets and live work tickets shall be subject to the
approved maintenance period.
14.2.3.9.2 If the first type of work ticket needs extension, the person in charge of the work shall apply to the
work permit before the expiration of the valid time, and shall be handled after approval. If the second kind of
work ticket needs to go through extension formalities, the person in charge of the work shall apply to the
person who issued the work ticket before the expiration of the valid time, and handle it after approval. The
extension of the first and second work tickets can only be handled for one timee. No delay is allowed for live
work tickets.
14.2.3.10 Basic conditions of personnel listed in the work ticket.
14.2.3.10.1 The person issuing the work ticket shall be a technical person who is familiar with the technical
level of personnel, familiar with the equipment, familiar with this regulation and has relevant work experience,
or a person approved by the operation and maintenance management unit. The list of persons issuing work
tickets shall be published in writing.
14.2.3.10.2 The person in charge of the work (supervisor) and the work permit shall be a person who has
certain working experience, is familiar with this regulation and the equipment within the work scope, and has
been approved in writing by the operation and maintenance management unit. The person in charge should also
be familiar with the working shift members' working abilities.
14.2.3.10.3 The dedicated supervisor shall be a person who has relevant work experience and is familiar with
the equipment and the regulations.
14.2.3.11 Safety Responsibility of personnel listed in the work ticket.
14.2.3.11.1 Working ticket issuer:
A) Work necessity and safety.
B) Whether the safety measures specified on the work ticket are correct and complete.
C) Whether the assigned person in charge and shift staff are appropriate and enough.
14.2.3.11.2 Person in charge (supervisor):
43
 A) Organize the work properly.
B) Check whether the safety measures listed in the work ticket are correct and complete, and whether they
conform to the actual conditions on the site, and supplement and improve them if necessary.
C) Before work, the working shift members shall be informed of work tasks, safety measures, technical
measures and danger points, and confirm that each working shift member has signed.
D) Organize the implementation of the security measures listed in the work ticket.
E) Supervise the members of the working shift to observe this regulation, correctly use labor protection
articles and safety instruments, and implement on-site safety measures.
F) Pay attention to whether there are abnormal signs in the physical and mental state of the working shift
members and whether the personnel changes are appropriate.
14.2.3.11.3 Work approver:
A) When checking the ticket, confirm whether the security measures listed in the ticket are correct and
complete. If there is any doubt about the contents listed in the ticket, ask the ticket issuer for clarification and
make supplement if necessary.
B) Ensure that the orders for shutdown, power supply and permit work under its responsibility are correct.
C) Confirm that the safety measures under its responsibility are properly implemented.
14.2.3.11.4 Dedicated supervisor:
A) Define the persons under supervision and the scope of supervision.
B) Before work, inform the person under supervision of the safety measures within the scope of
supervision, and notify the danger points and safety precautions.
C) Supervise the persons under supervision to observe this regulation and implement on-site safety
measures, and timely correct the unsafe behaviors of the person under supervision.
14.2.3.11.5 Working shift members:
A) Be familiar with the work content and workflow, master the safety measures, make clear the danger
points in the work, and go through the confirmation procedures.
B) Strictly abide by safety rules and regulations, technical rules and labor discipline, be responsible for
their own behaviors at work, care for each other's work safety, and supervise the implementation of this
regulation and on-site safety measures.
C) Make proper use of safety equipment and labor protection articles.
14.2.4 Work permit system.
14.2.4.1 Work shall be carried out by filling in the first type of work ticket. The person in charge of the work
shall not start the work until he/she has obtained the permission of all the work approvers.
14.2.4.2 For line power interruption maintenance, the work approver shall cut power in all aspects of the line
that may receive power (including substation, power plant, ring network lines, branch lines, customer lines and
lines that cooperate with power cut), and only after the grounding line has been installed, can the work permit
be issued.
Before issuing the order to permit the work to the person in charge, the shift operator or operation and
maintenance personnel shall record the name and number of work shifts, name of person in charge, location
and work task.
14.2.4.3 The person in charge of the work shall be notified of the order of permission to start work. The method
may be:
A) In person.
B) On the phone.
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 C) Have it delivered.
When the order is issued on telephone, the work approver and the person in charge of the work should
record it clearly, recite and check it. For power cut work approved directly on site, the work approver and the
person in charge shall record the permitted time on the work ticket and sign their names.
14.2.4.4 If the operation of power-cut lines involves lines cooperated with power cut by other units, the person
in charge shall inform the designated contact person of the operation and maintenance management unit of the
power cut equipment that these lines have been disconnected and grounded, and shall fulfill the written work
permit procedures.
14.2.4.5 It is strictly prohibited to stop and send electricity at a random appointed time.
14.2.4.6 When filling in the second work ticket of power line, no work permit procedures is required.
14.2.5 Work supervision system.
14.2.5.1 After completion of the work permit procedures, the person in charge and the dedicated supervisor
shall explain the work content, division of jobs, live parts and site safety measures to the members of the
working shift, inform them of the danger points, and perform the confirmation procedures. The working shift
shall not start work until the work grounding wire is installed. The person in charge and the dedicated
supervisor should always be on site.
14.2.5.2 The work ticket issuer or the person in charge shall set up a dedicated supervisor and determine the
person under supervision for the work with electric shock risk and complicated construction prone to accidents.
The dedicated supervisor is not allowed to hold concurrent posts. When the dedicated supervisor leaves
temporarily, he/she should notify the person under supervision to stop working or leave the work site, and the
person under supervision can resume work only after the dedicated supervisor returns. If the dedicated
supervisor must be away from the work site for a long time, the person in charge should change the dedicated
supervisor, complete the change procedures and inform all the persons under supervision.
14.2.5.3 During work, if the person in charge leaves the work site temporarily for some reason, he/she shall
appoint a competent person to replace him/her temporarily. Before leaving, he/she shall explain the work site
clearly and inform the shift members. When the former person in charge of the work returns to the work site,
the same handover procedures shall be performed. If the person in charge must be away from the work site for
a long time, the former work ticket issuer shall change the person in charge, go through the change procedures,
and inform all the staff and the work approver. The former and current person in charge should do the
necessary handover.
14.2.6 Discontinuity system.
14.2.6.1 In case of thunder, rain, gale or any other circumstance that threatens the safety of the staff, the person
in charge or the dedicated supervisor may temporarily stop the work according to the circumstances.
14.2.6.2 In case of a break in daytime work, all ground wires in the workplace shall remain unchanged. If the
shift is to be temporarily removed from the place of work, safety measures and guards should be taken to keep
people and animals away from the dug foundation pits or unsecured poles and towers as well as lifting and
towing devices with loads. Before resuming work, check the completeness of safety measures such as
grounding wires.
14.2.6.3 Fill in the first type of work ticket valid for several days. If the ground wire installed in the workplace
is removed at the end of each day, the ground wire shall be checked again before resuming work the next day.
In case of continuous power cut and no power supply at night allowed by the dispatcher, the grounding wire of
the working place may not be removed, but shall be checked before the work is resumed the next day.
14.2.7 Termination and restoration of power supply system.
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14.2.7.1 After the completion of the work, working controller, including the shift leader, should check the
condition of the line maintenance area, make sure there are no personal security cables, tools, materials, etc. left
on the poles, towers, conductors, insulator strings and other auxiliary equipment, and confirm all staff was
taken down from the tower before ordering the demolition of the grounding line. After the ground wire is
removed, the line shall be deemed to be electrified and no one shall be allowed to ascend the tower/pole for
work.
For work in multiple teams, the person in charge should be reported by all the shift leaders at the end of the
work.
14.2.7.2 After the completion of the work, the person in charge shall report to the work approver in a timely
manner. The reporting method is as follows:
A) In person.
B) Report by telephone and repeat correctly.
If there are other units to cooperate with power-cut lines, the designated contact person of such units shall
be timely notified.
14.2.7.3 The work completion report should be concise, and include the following contents: name of person in
charge, completion of a line somewhere ((start-stop tower, etc.), equipment changes, grounding line on the
work site and personal security lines have been removed; there is no shift staff and articles on the line, and
power can be supplied.
14.2.7.4 After receiving the completion report of all the persons in charge (including the user) and confirming
that all the work has been completed, all the staff have been evacuated from the line and the ground wire has
been removed, the work approver shall order the removal of safety measures and the resumption of power
transmission to the line after checking and recording.
14.2.7.5 Executed work tickets, emergency repair orders and work task orders shall be kept for one year.
14.3 Technical measures to ensure safety
14.3.1 Technical measures to ensure safety when working on power lines
A) Power cut/shutdown.
B) Verification of live part.
C) Grounding.
D) Using personal security cables.
E) Hanging signs and installing barriers (fences).
14.3.2 Power cut
14.3.2.1 Before line power cut, the following safety measures shall be taken:
A) Disconnect circuit breakers (switches) and isolation switches (disconnecting switches)) of power plants,
substations, converter stations, switching stations, distribution stations (including user equipment).
B) Disconnect circuit breakers (switches), isolation switches (disconnecting switches)) and fuses at each
end (including branches) that need to be operated on the line.
C) Disconnect the circuit breakers (switches), isolation switches (disconnecting switches)) and fuses that
endanger the line outage operation and that cannot be installed in parallel and on the same tower/pole for the
line (including the user line) to be crossed and unable to take appropriate safety measures.
D) Disconnect circuit breakers (switches), isolation switches (disconnecting switches)) and fuses from
low-voltage power supplies that may be reversely supplied.
14.3.3 Verification of live part
14.3.3.1 Prior to grounding in the working section of the power-cut line, use a qualified contact electroscope
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with corresponding voltageto verify that the line has no voltage. Qualified insulation rod or special insulation
rope can be used for testing the current of DC transmission lines. When verifying the live part, the metal part of
insulation or rod insulation rope should be close to the wire gradually, and judge whether the line is indeed
no-voltage according to whether there is no discharge sound and spark. Insulating gloves should be worn for
verification of live part.
14.3.3.2 Prior to verification of live part, the electroscope shall be tested on the electric equipment to confirm
that the electroscope is in good condition; When the test cannot be carried out on the electric equipment, the
electroscope, such as frequency high voltage generator, can be verified to be in good condition. The human
body should keep distance as given Table 26 from the tested equipment during the verification of live part and
a special person should be assigned to monitor it. The effective length of insulation shall be ensured when the
telescopic electroscope is used.
14.3.3.3 Equipment that cannot be directly tested and outdoor equipment in rainy or snowy weather can be
indirectly tested. That is, it can be judged through the changes of mechanical indicating position of the
equipment, electrical indication, live display device, instrument, and a variety of telemetry and telecommand
signals. At the time of judgment, at least two instructions which are not of the same principle or homology
should have corresponding changes, and all these confirmed instructions have corresponding changes at the
same time, in order to confirm that the equipment is out of power. The above inspection items should be filled
in the operation ticket as inspection items. If any other signal is found abnormal during inspection, the
operation should be stopped to find out the cause. In the case of remote operation, the indirect method
mentioned above or other reliable methods may be used for indirect electrical inspection.
14.3.4 Grounding
14.3.4.1 After it is verified that the line is out of voltage, grounding wires shall be installed immediately
(grounding wires at both poles of the DC transmission line are directly grounded respectively). All terminals of
each working shift and branch lines (including users) that are likely to transmit power to the working section of
the power-cut line shall be verified and installed with working grounding wires. For DC grounding pole lines,
grounding wires shall be installed at both ends of operation points. For a line cooperating with power cut, only
one working ground wire can be installed near the workplace. The installation and disassembly of grounding
wires shall be carried out under the supervision. All work grounding wires shall be included in the work ticket,
and the person in charge shall confirm that all work grounding wires have been installed and completed before
the start of work can be announced.
14.3.4.2 Operators shall not change the location of the grounding wire specified in the work ticket without
authorization. In case of any change, the person in charge shall obtain the consent of the work ticket issuer and
indicate the change on the work ticket.
14.3.4.3 The complete set of ground wires shall be composed of multi-strand soft copper wire with transparent
sheath and special wire clamp, the section of which shall not be less than 50mm2, and shall meet the
requirements of short-circuit current at the installation site. Do not use other conductors for ground or short
routes. The ground wire should be fixed on the conductor with a special wire clamp. It is forbidden to use
winding method to ground or short circuit.
14.3.4.4 When installing the ground wire, the ground end shall be connected first, followed by the wire end.
The ground wire shall have good contact and reliable connection. The grounding wires are removed in the
reverse order. Insulation rod or special insulation rope shall be used at the conductor end of the grounding wire.
The human body is not allowed to touch the grounding wire and the ungrounded conductor.
14.3.4.5 If a ground is installed on a well-grounded pole tower or crossarm, the ground wire may be connected
47
to the tower/pole separately or together, but the ground resistance and ground channel of the tower/pole
shall be in good condition. The connecting part of the tower/pole and the ground wire should be cleaned of
paint and in good contact.
14.3.4.6 A temporary grounding body may be used for the tower without grounding lead. The cross-sectional
area of the temporary grounding body shall not be less than 190mm2 (such asф16 round steel) and the burial
depth shall not be less than 0.6m. For areas with high soil resistivity, such as rocks, rubble, sand, etc., measures
such as increasing the number of grounding roots, length, cross-sectional area or buried depth should be taken
to improve the grounding resistance.
14.3.5 Using personal security cables
14.3.5.1 If there are adjacent, parallel, cross and tower lines in the working area, personal security cables
should be used when it is necessary to contact or approach the wires in order to prevent inductive voltage injury
on the power interruption maintenance lines.
14.3.5.2 The personal security cable shall be installed before the operation of contacting or approaching the
wire on the tower, and removed after the operation is over. During installation, the ground end should be
connected first, followed by the wire end, with good contact and reliable connection. Remove the personal
security cables in the opposite order. The personal security cables shall be installed and dismantled by the
operators themselves.
14.3.5.3 The personal security cables shall be multi-strand soft copper wire with transparent sheath, the
cross-sectional area shall not be less than 16mm2, and shall have insulated handle or insulated parts. Do not use
personal security wire to take the place of ground wire.
14.3.5.4 The personal security cable grounding terminal can be connected to the pole tower or crossarm in
good condition.
14.4 Line operation and maintenance
14.4.1 Line patrol
14.4.1.1 Line patrol shall be performed by persons with experience in power line work, and line patrol shall be
carried out by two persons simultaneously. In case of fire, earthquake, typhoon, snow and ice, flood, mud-rock
flow, sandstorm and other disasters, necessary safety measures shall be worked out and approved by the person
in charge of the equipment operation and maintenance management unit. Inspections should be conducted in
teams consisting of at least two persons each shift who shall keep contact with the sending departments.
14.4.1.2 During thunderstorm, gale or accident patrol, inspectors shall wear insulating shoes or boots;
Necessary protective equipment, self-rescue equipment and medicines shall be provided for the line patrol in
flood season, summer, snow and other inclement weather and mountainous areas; Night patrols should be
equipped with enough lighting equipment.
14.4.1.3 Night patrol shall be carried out along the outside of the road; In case of strong winds, the line patrol
should advance along the wind side of the road in case of touching the broken wire; Special inspection should
pay attention to the choice of route, to prevent floods, landslides, adverse weather and other injuries. No
swimming is allowed while patrolling.
Emergency patrol should always consider that the line is live. Even if the inspectors know that the line is out of
power, they should assume that transmission will resume at any time.
14.4.1.4 When inspectors find that conductors/wires and cables fall to the ground or are suspended in the air,
they should try to prevent pedestrians from coming within 8m of the cut-off place to avoid stepping voltage
injuring people, and immediately report to regulators and superiors for treatment.
14.4.1.5
54 The grounding resistance measurement of the tower may be carried out when the line and equipment
48
are live. When the operators are unwinding or restoring the ground lead of the tower, they should wear
insulating gloves. Direct contact with disconnected ground wires is prohibited.
14.4.1.6 The vertical distance of live line conductor (conductor sag, crossing distance) shall be measured with a
measuring instrument or with insulation measuring tools. It is prohibited to use tape, ordinary rope, wire ruler
and other non-insulated tools for measurement.
14.4.1.7 In case the line is electrified, when cutting trees close to the line, the person in charge should explain
to all the staff before the work starts that the power line is electrified, and the personnel, trees and ropes should
keep a safe distance from the wire as shown in Table 27.
14.4.1.8 When cutting trees, prevent insects or animals such as hornets from harming people. When climbing a
tree, do not cling to weak and dead branches, and use the safety belt. Safety belts must not be fastened near or
above the break where the branch is to be cut. Do not climb trees that have been sawn or cut but not fallen.
14.4.1.9 Cutting trees shall be supervised by a designated person. No one can stay under the trees to be cut
down or within the area of fallen trees. Fences should be erected in urban areas and densely populated areas to
prevent pedestrians from being injured. To prevent the tree (branch) from falling on the wire, try to pull it with
a rope in the opposite direction from the wire. The rope should be long and strong enough to prevent the person
pulling it from being hurt by falling trees. Measures should be taken to prevent trees from bouncing down and
approaching the wires.
14.4.1.10 When a branch is in contact with or close to a high-voltage live line, the high-voltage line shall be cut
off or an insulating tool shall be used to keep the branch away from the live line to a safe distance. Human
contact with trees should be banned before the treatment.
14.4.1.11 When the wind force exceeds Grade 5, it is prohibited to cut trees that are above or close to the wire.
15 Management of adjacent charged bodies
The operation of live bodies adjacent to DC transmission lines shall be formulated in accordance with
the relevant regulations of the People's Republic of China. When the ground pole line is in normal
operation, the operation can be carried out by referring to the relevant distance parameters of 110kV
transmission line of the People's Republic of China near the live body. When the DC transmission line is
in single pole operation, the operation of the nearby live body is strictly prohibited.
15.1 Work on live line poles and towers
15.1.1 For operations on a tower/pole with live lines, such as measurement, corrosion prevention, patrol
inspection, bolt tightening and removal of foreign matters, the minimum distance between operators' activity
range, the tools and materials they carry with them and the live lines shall not be less than the provisions in
Table 26.
Table 26 Minimum safe distance between working on live line tower and live wire

Voltage Class (kV) Safe distance (m)

Grounding pole 1.5

±660 9.0

Insulated non-pole ropes should be used for the above work, the wind force should not be more than level
5, and there should be special supervision. If the distance required in Table 26 cannot be kept, it should be
carried out as live work or with power shutdown/cut.
15.1.2 THE DC ground pole lines of HVDC transmission systems in operation shall be regarded as live lines.
15.2 Work adjacent to or crossing other power lines
15.2.1 If the circuit for power interruption maintenance is crossing or close to another live circuit, so that the
personnel and instruments may contact or approach the other conductor within the safe distance of Table 27
49
during work, the other circuit shall also have power cut and be grounded. If adjacent or intersecting lines
cannot be cut off, provisions from 15.2.2 to 15.2.4 shall be observed. Measures should be taken to prevent
damage to the next circuit
Table 27 Safe distance from or across other power lines
Voltage Class (kV) Safe distance (m)
±660 10.0
Grounding pole 3.0

15.2.2 During the operation of a nearby live power line, if it is likely to be close to the live wire to a safe
distance as shown in Table 27, the following requirements shall be met:
A) Take effective measures to make the human body, wires, construction machines and tools conform to
the safety distance provisions in Table 27 with live wires, and the pilot rope and bull rope conform to the
safety distance provisions.
B) The guide and ground wires of the operation shall also be grounded at the working place. Traction tools
such as winch shall be connected to the ground.
15.2.3 The work of tightening, lowering or stringing conductors and ground wires in the cross section shall
be carried out only when the power interruption maintenance line is under the live wire. Measures shall be
taken to prevent the conductors and ground wires from jumping or being pulled over and being close to the
live wire within the safe distance as shown in Table 27. Safety and reliable measures shall be taken if the line
shutdown for maintenance is on the top of another line and when it is compelled to release or install the
conductors, ground wires and replace the insulator without power cut. Safety measures shall be fully discussed
by the staff and approved by the operation and maintenance management unit. Measures to be taken shall
ensure that:
A) A safe distance as specified in Table 27 between the pilot rope of conductors and
ground wires of the maintenance line and the conductors of the live line shall be maintained.
B) There shall be backup protection measures to prevent the conductors and ground
wire from falling off and slipping off.
15.2.4 If there are more than two parallel or cross lines close to each other in a middle section of the line, it is
required that:
A) Each tower shall have the line name.
B) The person in charge can only announce the start of the work after checking that the line name of the
power interruption maintenance line is correct and that the power cut has been confirmed and the
ground line has been installed.
C) When working on this section of the line, the name of the power interruption maintenance line shall be
checked when climbing the pole/tower, and a special person shall be assigned to monitor it, to
prevent person mistakingly climbing on pole/tower with live line .
15.3 Protection of inductive voltage near high voltage line
15.3.1 For work on live transmission line poles and towers, anti-static induction measures should be taken,
such as wearing full shielding suits.
15.3.2 Full shielding suits shall be worn when working on the single shutdown pole side of DC transmission
line.
15.3.3 When replacing the overhead ground wire or installing couplingground wire on live line, the ground
wire shall be reliably grounded through the metal trolley.
14.3. 4 Insulated overhead ground wires shall be treated as live bodies. The distance between operators and
54
50
insulated overhead ground wires shall not be less than 0.4m. If it is necessary to work on an insulated overhead
ground wire, use a ground wire or personal security wire to ground it reliably or in an equipotential manner.
15.3.5 When conveying large metal objects (including tools, materials, etc.) with insulating ropes, operators on
the tower or ground should ground the metal objects and contact them again to prevent electric shock.
16 Live work management
The live operation of DC transmission lines in this manual shall be made in accordance with the relevant
regulations of the People's Republic of China. The live operation of ground electrode lines shall be
strictly prohibited (except the removal of foreign matters at ground potential).
16.1 General
16.1.1 This part is suitable for live operation on HVDC power lines at or below 1,000m altitude by means of
equipotential, intermediate potential and ground potential. When working at an altitude of more than 1,000m,
the safe distance and length of all kinds of air and solid insulation and the number of insulator pieces should be
corrected according to the different altitudes of the working area, and the safety rules for live work should be
compiled, which shall be implemented after being approved by the operation and maintenance management
unit.
16.1.2 Live work should be carried out in good weather. In case of thunder and lightning (hearing thunder,
seeing lightning), snow, hail, rain, fog, etc., no live work is allowed. When the wind force is greater than 5, or
the humidity is greater than 80%, it is generally not suitable to carry out the live work.
Under special circumstances, when electrified emergency repair must be carried out in adverse weather,
relevant personnel should be organized to fully discuss and work out the necessary safety measures, which
can only be carried out after approval by the operation and maintenance management unit.
16.1.3 New projects and new tools developed for complex and difficult electrification operations shall be
scientifically tested to confirm their safety and reliability, and the operation process plan and safety measures
shall be compiled and approved by the operation and maintenance management unit before they can be
carried out and used.
16.1.4 The personnel who take part in live work shall only be able to take part in the corresponding work after
they have received special training, passed the examination and obtained qualifications and obtained written
approval from the unit. The ticket issuer, the person in charge and the dedicated supervisor shall be the person
with the qualification and practical experience of live work.
16.1.5 Dedicated supervisor should be set up for live work. The supervisor is not allowed to operate directly.
The scope of monitoring shall not exceed one operation site. A supervisor should be added when the
operation is complicated or the tower is very high..
16.1.6 If the ticket issuer or the person in charge thinks it necessary, he/she shall organize experienced
personnel to go to the site to make a judgment on whether live work can be carried out based on the survey
results, and determine the working methods, tools needed and measures to be taken.
16.1.7 In any one case of any of the following situations when working onlive work, the functions of
reclosing or restarting DC transmission line shall be stopped, and no forced power transmission shall be
allowed. Shutdown/cut power, or reclosing DC transmission line by appointment for resuming function of
restarting DC transmission line shall be prohibited.
A) Operations in DC transmission lines that may cause monopole grounding or inter-polar short
circuit.
B) The work ticket issuer or the person in charge considers it necessary to stop reclosing or restarting the
DC transmission line.
51
16.1.8 The person in charge of the live work shall contact the on-duty control personnel before the live work
begins. The operator on duty shall go through the permit formalities if such operation need to stop the restart
function and to shutdown/cut or connect lead wires on live condition. andreport to on-duty controller after
live work is over.
16.1. 9 In case of sudden power cut of the equipment during live operation, the operator shall regard the
equipment as still live. The supervisor should contact the supervisor as soon as possible, and the supervisor
on duty should not carry out the forced energization before contacting the supervisor.
16.2 General safety technical measures
16.2. The safe distance between the person and the charged body shall not be less than the provisions in
Table 28 when conducting ground potential electrification work.
Table 28 Safe distance between person and charged body

Voltage Class (kV) ±660

Distance (m) 4.5

Note: The data in the table are based on the safety requirements of live line operation. ±660kV data are calibrated at altitudes of 500-1,000m,
and the minimum safety distances at altitudes of 1,000-1,500m and 1,500-2,000m are 4.7m and 5.0m respectively.

16.2.2 During ground potential live work, the effective insulation length of live work appliances shall not be
less than that specified in Table 29.
Table 29 Effective insulation length of live work apparatus

Voltage Class (kV) ±660

Effective insulation length (m) insulation bearing tool, insulation rope 5.3

16.2.3 Non-insulated ropes (such as cotton yarn, white brown rope and wire rope) shall not be used in live
work.
16.2.4 When replacing an insulator during live operation or working on an insulator string, the number of good
insulator pieces shall not be less than that specified in Table 30.
Table 30 Minimum number of good insulators
Voltage Class (kV) ±660
Quantity 25
For values below 500-1,000 meters above sea level, ±660kV minimum number of good insulators shall be determined according to the height of
single insulator and the total length of good insulators shall be no less than 4.7m. Thus, it shall be determined (height of single insulator is
195mm) and the minimum number of good insulators shall be 25.

16.2.5 Before the insulator string is detached from the wire, when the first insulator close to the crossarm is
removed or installed, special short wiring or shielding square clothing shall be used for direct operation.
16.2.6 When live work is carried out in urban areas or densely populated areas, a fence shall be set up at the
work site and a special person shall be assigned to monitor the work. Non-working personnel shall not be
allowed to enter.
16.2.7 Live frames and wires shall not be removed in the spans below or adjacent to the crossing point where
there are power lines or other weak current lines, except for special needs. If necessary, reliable safety and
technical measures shall be formulated and approved by the operation and maintenance management unit
before proceeding.
16.3 Equipotential operation
16.3.1 Equipotential workers shall wear a full set of qualified shielding suits (including hats, jackets and
trousers,
54 gloves, socks and shoes) over the clothes, and each part shall be well connected. Flame-retardant
52
underwear should also be worn inside the shield. It is forbidden to break the grounding current, no-load line
and capacitance current of coupling capacitor through shielding service.
16.3.2 When the equipotential operator works on the insulating ladder or enters the strong electric field along
the insulating ladder, the combined clearance composed of the gap between the ground body and the charged
body shall not be less than the provisions in Table 31.
Table 31 Minimum combination gaps in equipotential operations
Voltage Class (kV) ±660

Distance (m) 4.3

The distance value of ±660kV is 4.3m when the altitude is below 500m; At elevations of 500-1,000m, 1,000-1,500m and 1,500-2,000m, the
minimum combination gaps are 4.6m, 4.8m and 5.1m, respectively.
16.3.3 Equipotential operators shall enter a strong electric field along the insulator string, generally at ±660kV
and above the voltage level of the insulator string. The combination gap shall not be less than that specified in
Table 31. If the requirements in Table 31 are not met, a protection gap shall be installed. After deducting the
number of short-connected and zero-value insulator pieces, the number of good insulator pieces shall not be
less than that specified in Table 30.
16.3.4 When equipotential operators transfer tools and materials to ground potential operators, insulating tools
or insulating ropes shall be used, and the length of the effect shall not be less than that specified in Table 29.
16.3.5 The following requirements shall be observed for the operation entering the strong electric field
along soft, hard ladder or flying car hung on the guide wire or ground wire:
16.3.5.1 When the ladder (or flying car) is hung on the conductor or ground wire with continuous span, the cross
section shall not be less than 120mm2 in terms of the conductor or ground wire, and 50mm2 in terms of steel
strand (equivalent to OPGW cable and supporting LGJ-70/40 conductor).
16.3.5.2 Any of the following situations shall be qualified through checking and approved by the
operation and maintenance management unit before proceeding:
A) Work on the conductors and ground wires of the isolated span.
B) Operations on conductors, ground wires and corroded ground wires with broken strands.
C) Operations on conductors and ground wires of other models other than 15.3.6.1.
D) Two or more people working on the same conductor and ground wire in the same span.
16.3.5.3 Before hanging ladders and flying cars on conductors and ground wires for equipotential work, the tight
conditions of conductors and ground wires at poles and towers at both ends of this span should be checked.
After loading the ladder, the safe distance between the ground wire and the human body on the lower live wire
should be increased by 0.5m over the value in Table 28. The safe distance of live wires and human body to the
crossed power lines, communication lines and other buildings should be increased by 1m over the value in table
28.
16.3.6 Equipotential workers are prohibited to wipe the live body and insulation parts with flammable
substances such as alcohol and gasoline during operation to prevent fire.
16.4 Storage, use and test of live working tools
16.4.1 Storage of live working tools
16.4.1.1 Live working tools shall be stored in a well-ventilated, clean and dry special tool room. The doors and
windows of the tool room should be tightly sealed. The ground, surface walls and top surfaces should be made
of dust-free and fire-retardant materials. Indoor relative humidity should be maintained at 50%-70%. Indoor
temperature should be slightly higher than outdoor, and should not be lower than 0℃.
16.4.1.2 Indoor ventilation of live working tool room shall be carried out in dry weather, and the outdoor

53
relative humidity shall not be higher than 75%. After ventilation, check indoor relative humidity immediately,
try to adjust and control.
16.4.1.3 The tool room for live working shall be equipped with hygrometers, thermometers, dehumidifiers (the
number of which shall be subject to the requirements), radiation equalizer, and enough heating tool racks,
hangers and fire extinguishers.
16.4.1.4 Live working tools shall be numbered uniformly, kept and registered by special persons, and test,
overhaul and use records shall be established.
16.4.1.5 Defective live working tools shall be repaired in time; unqualified tools shall be scrapped
and shall not be used any more.
16.4.1.6 The overhead insulated bucket boom shall be stored in a dry and ventilated garage, and its insulated
part shall be protected from moisture.
16.4.2 Use of live working tools
16.4.2.1 Live working tools shall be well insulated, firmly connected and flexible in rotation, and shall be
used correctly in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions and field operation rules.
16.4.2.2 Before using live working tools, check the mechanical strength according to the working load and
meet the specified safety factor.
16.4.2.3 During the transportation of live working tools, live insulated tools shall be packed in a special tool
bag, toolbox or inside a special tool to prevent moisture and damage. If the insulating tool is found to be damp
or surface damaged or dirty, it should be disposed in time and qualified after testing or testing before use.
16.4.2.4 Live working tools shall be placed on moisture-proof canvas or insulating mat when entering the work
site to prevent the insulating tools from dirt and moisture during use.
16.4.2.5 Before using live working tools, carefully check to make sure there is no damage, moisture,
deformation or failure, otherwise, it is prohibited to use. And use 2500V and above insulation resistance meter
or insulation tester for graded insulation detection (electrode 2 cm wide, electrode is 2 cm) wide, resistance
shall be not less than 700 MΩ. Wear clean, dry gloves when handling insulating tools.
16.4.3 Test of live working tools
16.4.3.1 Electric and mechanical tests shall be carried out regularly for live working tools, and the test period is
as follows:
Electrical test: preventive test once a year, inspection test once a year, two tests shall be separated by half
a year.
Mechanical test: insulation tools once a year, metal tools once every two years.
16.4.3.2 The electrical preventive test items and standards of insulating tools are shown in Table 32.
Table 32 Test items and standards of insulating tools
Power frequency withstand Power frequency withstand 15 operations impulse
Rated voltage Test length
voltage (kV) for 1min voltage (kV) for 3min withstand voltage (kV)

Delivery and Preventive Delivery and Preventive Delivery and Preventive

(kV) (m)
type test test type test test type test test
±660 4.8 — — 820 745 1480 1345

Note: 3min DC withstand voltage is used in ±600 preventive test.

The standard wave of 250/2500 s should be used in the operational impact withstand voltage test, and it should be considered as qualified if no
breakdown and flashover occur. It shall be deemed as qualified in power frequency voltage withstand test if no breakdown, no flashover and no
overheating occur.
The high-voltage electrode shall be made of a metal tube with a diameter of no less than 30mm. The tested product shall be suspended vertically,
and the grounding distance of the grounding pole shall be 1.0-1.2m. The ground electrode and the electrode connected to high voltage (when
there are no metal fittings) are wound with 50mm wide metal platinum. The distance between the samples shall be no less than 500mm, the

54
54
 diameter of the equipotential shielding ball on both sides of the single wire shall be no less than 200mm, and the distance between the
equipotential shielding ball and the sample shall be no less than 1.5m. The samples should be tested as a whole and no segments allowed.

16.4.3.3 Inspection test conditions for insulating tools are as follows: the insulated tools are divided into several
sections for power-frequency withstand voltage test, with 75kV withstand voltage every 300mm for 1min, and
qualified if no breakdown, flashover and overheating occur.
16.4.3.4 The resistance among the farthest end of a complete set of shielding clothing shall be greater than 20
Ω.
16.4.3.5 Mechanical preventive test standard for live working tools.
Static load test: qualified if the tool is not deformed and damage, while lasting for 1min. under 1.2 times the
rated work load.
Dynamic load test: qualified if the tool is flexible, light, and non-stuck while operating 3 times under 1.0 times
rated work load.
17 Storage, inspection and test management of transportation and inspection equipment and safety
equipment
17.1 General
17.1.1 Refer to appendix G for the quantity of operation and inspection equipment. The transportation and
inspection equipment shall subject to fixation management, and the fixation area, location, drawing and label
shall be clearly defined. It is necessary to establish and improve the equipment entry and exit ledger, organize
and check regularly to ensure that the ledger, card and object match.
17.1.2 Transportation and inspection equipment and safety equipment shall be uniformly numbered and kept by
full-time persons. Check before entering, leaving and using. It is prohibited to use damaged, deformed, and
other unqualified transport and inspection equipment and safety tools. All kinds of monitoring instrument and
brake, limiter, safety valve, locking mechanism and other safety devices should be complete and in good
condition.
17.1.3 Industrial appliances self-made or modified, and those whose main parts are replaced or repaired, shall
be tested as scheduled and shall be used only after they pass the appraisal.
17.1.4 The transport and inspection equipment shall be operated and used by personnel who are familiar with
its performance and use knowledge. Transportation and inspection equipment shall be used in accordance with
the provisions of the factory manual and nameplate, and shall not be overloaded.
17.1.5 Operation manual shall be prepared for large and special equipment or instruments. Operators of special
equipment shall take up the post with a certificate after passing the examination according to relevant
regulations.
17.1.6 Equipment borrowing shall go through necessary borrowing procedures in accordance with regulations,
and borrowing time and responsibility for safety in use shall be specified. When the borrowed equipment is
returned, it shall go through the acceptance procedures to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and
put into storage.
17.2 Storage, inspection and test of transportation and inspection equipment
17.2.1 Transportation and inspection equipment shall be stored in a special warehouse, which shall be kept dry
and ventilated regularly.
17.2.2 The transportation and inspection equipment shall be inspected, repaired and maintained regularly. The
rotation and transmission parts of the transportation and inspection equipment shall be kept lubricated.
17.2.3 Unqualified or scrapped transport and inspection equipment shall be cleaned up in time, and shall not be
mixed with qualified ones.
55
17.3 Safekeeping, use, inspection and testing of safety instruments
17.3.1 Storage of safety equipment
17.3.1.1 Safety appliances should be stored in a dry and ventilated room where the temperature is −15- 35℃
and the relative humidity is below 80%.
17.3.1.2 Suitable cabinets and racks shall be provided in the room for safety equipment, and unqualified safety
equipment and other articles shall not be stored.
17.3.1.3 Portable grounding wires shall be stored on a special rack, and the number on the rack shall be the
same as that on the grounding wire.
17.3.1.4 Insulation tools shall not be in contact with acids, alkalis, oils and chemicals during storage and
transportation, and shall be protected from direct sunlight or rain. Insulated appliances should be kept in dark
cabinets and sprinkled with talc.
17.3.2 Use and inspection of safety equipment
17.3.2.1 The appearance inspection before the use of safety appliances shall include whether the insulation part
is cracked, aged, the insulation layer falls off, serious scars, and whether the fixed connection part is loose,
rusted or broken, etc. For any doubt about the appearance of the insulation part, it shall be used after qualified
insulation test.
17.3.2.2 Insulated operating rod, electroscope and measuring rod: The permissible operating voltage shall be
consistent with the voltage class of the equipment. When in use, the operator shall not cross the boundary of the
guard ring or the manually-holding part. When operating electrical equipment outdoors on rainy days, the
insulating part of the operating rod should be rainproof or use the operating rod with an insulator. When using,
the human body should keep a safe distance from the live equipment, and pay attention to prevent the
insulation rod from being short-circuited by the human body or equipment, to maintain an effective insulation
length.
17.3.2.3 Portable short-circuit grounding wire: the clamping devices at both ends of the grounding wire shall
ensure that the grounding wire, conductor and grounding device can be in good contact, facilitate disassembly
and erection, have enough mechanical strength, and will not come loose when the large short-circuit current
passes. Before using the portable grounding wire, check whether it is in good condition. If loose strand, broken
strand, serious damage to jacket and loose clamp are found, it is not allowed to use.
17.3.2.4 Helmet: Before using the helmet, check that the helmet shell, cap lining, cap band, top lining, chin
strap and other accessories are intact. When used, the lower chin strap should be fastened to prevent it from
falling off due to leaning forward and backward in work or other reasons.
17.3.2.5 Safety belts: belts, safety belts and ropes shall have enough mechanical strength, be made of
wear-resistance material, clasp (hook) shall have safety device, and operation shall be flexible. Buffer should
be added for the safety belt and rope with a length of more than 3m.
17.3.3 Safety equipment test
17.3.3.1 All kinds of safety instruments shall pass the type test, ex-factory test and periodic test stipulated by
the state, and shall be recorded.
17.3.3.2 After passing the test, the safety equipment shall be pasted with the certificate in a prominent place
that does not hinder the insulation performance.
17.3.3.3 Electrical and mechanical tests of safety instruments may be carried out by each user unit according to
the test standards and cycles, or they may be entrusted to a qualified test and research institution for testing.
18 Spare parts management
18.1 Scope of spare parts
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18.1.1 According to the impact of faults on DC transmission lines and ground poles, as well as the difficulty
and cycle of repair and purchase of equipment or parts, transmission equipment or parts with one of the
following conditions shall fall within the scope of spare parts and shall be subject to reserve management:
A) It is not prone to be damaged during normal operation and does not need to be replaced during
maintenance, but the damaged power transmission and transformation equipment will not be able to operate
normally or directly affect safe operation and must be replaced.
B) Those who are difficult to repair after damage, difficult to purchase, have long manufacturing cycle or
are made of special materials, and urgently needed to resume production.
C) Spare parts and materials reserved to shorten the equipment shutdown period, which are prone to be
damaged during operation and need to be replaced during maintenance.
18.1.2 Any of the following circumstances shall not be included in the scope of spare parts:
A) Spare equipment fixed and put into use.
B) General materials, equipment, tools and instruments used in maintenance.
C) Parts or materials that can be repaired, manufactured or purchased within a short time after damage.
D) Parts that are prone to wear under normal operation of the equipment and need to be replaced during
normal maintenance, or parts that are worn but do not affect safe operation.
E) Maintenance rotation parts for shortening maintenance time.
F) Bulk materials, special materials and spare parts required by special maintenance projects with complex
processing technology and high labor cost shall not be considered as maintenance spare parts if they are stored
as spare parts, so they shall not be considered as maintenance spare parts. Once the maintenance special
projects are determined, an order application shall be submitted as soon as possible according to the
examination and approval authority.
18.2 Spare parts quota management
18.2.1 The configuration of spare parts shall be based on the actual situation of DC transmission lines and
ground poles, which shall not only meet the actual needs of production, but also be economical and reasonable.
18.2.2 The reserve quota of spare parts shall be carried out by the operation and maintenance management unit
based on the actual situation, as well as the experience of operation, maintenance, overhaul and test, in line
with the principle of not only ensuring the safety of production but also saving funds, by referring to the
allocation standard of overhead transmission transport inspection equipment in Appendix H of this manual, and
subject to the approval of the operation and maintenance management unit.
18.2.3 While preparing the reserve quota of spare parts, it should also be noted that only one kind of parts of
the same model and different models, which are interchangeable, is reserved.
18.2.4 The annual operation and maintenance management unit shall prepare the spare parts purchase plan
according to the spare parts reserve quota, the stock of spare parts in the current year and the use situation, and
purchase the reserve after examination and approval.
18.2.5 The operation and maintenance management unit should strengthen management, conduct in-depth
investigation and study, master the rules, pay attention to accumulate relevant data, constantly improve the
management level, and make the management of spare parts increasingly perfect.
18.3 Reserve of spare parts
18.3.1 The storage of spare parts shall adopt the centralized warehouse management system of the operation
and maintenance management unit.
18.3.2 Reserved spare parts shall be put out in special stock, kept by special persons, marked and recorded, and
checked regularly to ensure they are qualified, free from damage, deterioration or loss, and available for use at
57
any time.
18.3.3 Spare parts can only be used in emergency repair or emergency treatment of defects found in
maintenance, rather than other circumstances.
18.3.4 The use of spare parts supplied by the operation and maintenance management unit must be approved by
the operation and maintenance management unit.
18.3.5 After the use of spare parts, the operation and maintenance management unit shall urge relevant
departments to make up in time the consumed parts.
18.3.7 The operation and maintenance management unit shall be responsible for the management of spare parts
of the storage unit, establish an inventory of spare parts, and master the quantity and data of spare parts. The
accounts, cards and articles must be consistent. They shall be separated from rather than mixed with the normal
maintenance materials.
18.3.8 Spare parts must be inspected in accordance with the following provisions:
A) The Maintenance and Repair Department and the warehouse management personnel shall regularly
check the storage and maintenance of spare parts.
B) The relevant spare parts shall be tested at the same time as the test cycle of the equipment, for which
the warehouse management personnel shall apply to the Production and Technology Department, and the
Operation, Maintenance and Repair Department shall list it in the work plan for regular test.
18.3.9 Spare parts delivered with equipment in the renovation and expansion of DC transmission lines and
ground pole lines, equipment decommissioned due to changes in power network structure, which can be
repaired after technical transformation and replacement and can be used as spare parts of the same type of
operating equipment after technical demonstration, and are included in the spare parts reserve quota, shall be
included in the spare parts reserve management.
18.4 Scrap and obsolescence of spare parts
18.4.1 Due to the technical update, in the case of applying many new components, the unused spare parts of the
old model should be eliminated according to the actual situation, and relevant procedures should be performed.
18.4.2 For damaged spare parts, application for scrap shall be made, and inventory replenishment shall be
carried out simultaneously with scrap application.
18.4.3 The disposal of scrapped or eliminated spare parts shall be applied by the management unit, which shall
be executed after approval by the operation and maintenance management unit.
19. Work records and reports
Operation logs, records and reports for recording operation and maintenance shall be kept in an acceptable
location in accordance with the form and content required by the operation and maintenance agreement.
19.1 Monthly report. Within 10 working days after the last day of each calendar month, submit report which
includes but is not limited to: (A) data relating to the month's operations and maintenance, briefing of
inspections, defects handling and other important matters. (B) A statement indicating whether the line complies
with the applicable annual project operation plan during the reporting period and, if not, the extent and cause of
the deviation and the planned remedies. (C) Work plan and important work contents for the next month.
19.2 Annual report. Submit the annual report within 20 business days after the end of each agreement year,
which includes but is not limited to: (A) Facility activities and operational data for the agreement year. The
annual report shall compare such activity and operational data with the goals set in the annual project
operational plan for the agreement year and the goals achieved in the previous agreement year (if applicable),
and shall explain any material deviations. (B) Next year's work plan and key work content.
19.3 Work records. Any work logs, records and reports generated for line operation and maintenance shall be
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58
submitted within 1 hour as required.
19.4 Other information. In case of major or emergency, oral report of the incident should be submitted within
one hour and written report should be submitted within three hours, and follow-up report should be
continuously made according to the development of the incident.

Appendix A: On-Site Survey Record Format

Record of Site Survey

Survey unit ____________ No.________

Person in charge of the survey_______________Survey staff_________________________________

Name of the surveyed line or the dual name of the equipment (please indicate the dual name in case of multiple
circuits):

______________________________________________________________________________________
Work tasks (work location or area and work content):

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Site survey content
1. Scope of power cut:

2. Reserved live parts:

3. Conditions, environment and other dangerous points at the work site:

4. Safety measures to be taken:

5. Drawings and notes:

Recorder: _______Date of survey: _from___ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) to ___ (HH:MM, Month Day,
Year)
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Appendix B: Format of the First Work Ticket for Power Lines

First Work Ticket for Power Lines

Unit __________ Number __________

1. Person in charge (supervisor) ____________ Shift ____________

2. Working shift staff (not including the person in charge)
_________________________________________________________________________, totally_______ persons
3. Name of working line or the dual name of the equipment (dual name in case of multiple circuits)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Work tasks

Work place or lot (indicate the name of the branch lines, the
Work content
starting and ending pole number of the line)

5. Planned working time From ___ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) to __ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
6. Safety measures (drawing instructions can be attached if necessary)
6.1 Name of the line interval that should be changed to the maintenance state and the circuit breaker (switch),
isolating switch (knife switch), and fuse (lines including branch subscriber line and matching power-cut line)
that should be opened:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
6.2 Reserved or nearby live lines and equipment:
_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________
6.3 Other safety measures and precautions:
______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________
6.4 Grounding wire to be hung

Hanging location
Ground wire number Hanging time Demolition time
(Line name and pole number)

Signature of the work ticket issuer_______ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
Signature of the person in charge _________ The work ticket is received at_____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
7. Confirm items 1-6 of this work ticket and allow the work to start
Approving method Approver Signature of person in charge Time permitted to work
HH:MM, Month Day,
Year
HH:MM, Month Day,
Year
HH:MM, Month Day,
Year
8. Confirm the tasks and safety measures assigned by the person in charge
Signature of working shift members:
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
54
60
_________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Change of the person in charge The former person in charge ________ left office, and the person in charge
was changed to________.
Signature of the work ticket issuer________ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)

10. Changes in operating personnel (name, date and time of change)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of the person in charge __________

11. Extension of work ticket

The validity period is extended to _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)

Signature of the person in charge____________ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
Signature of approver ____________ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
12. End of work ticket
12.1 Number of grounding wires hung on the site, totally ______ groups, all of which have been removed and
brought back.
12.2 Work completion report
Ways to finalize the report Approver Signature of person in charge Time permitted to work
HH:MM, Month Day,
Year
HH:MM, Month Day,
Year
HH:MM, Month Day,
Year
13. Remarks
(1) Dedicated supervisor______, responsible for supervising
_________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________ (personnel, location and specific work)

(2) Other matters
_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix C: Format for the Second Work Ticket for Power Lines

Second Work Ticket for Power Lines

Unit __________ Number __________

1. Person in charge (supervisor) ____________Shift ____________

2. Working shift staff (not including the person in charge)
_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
Total_________ persons
3. Tasks
Work location and
Line or device name scope Work content
61
4. Plan working hours
From_____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
To _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
5. Matters needing attention (safety measures)
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of the work ticket issuer__________ _____

(HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
Signature of the person in charge____________ _____
(HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
6. Confirm the work tasks and safety measures assigned by the person in charge. Signature of the
shift members:
_________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Start time of work __________ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) Signature of person in charge________
Work completion time __ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) Signature of person in charge________

8. Extension of work ticket. The validity period is extended to _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
9. Remarks
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

54
62
Appendix D: Work Ticket Format for Live Work on Power Lines

Work Ticket for Live Work on Power Lines

Unit __________ Number __________

1. Person in charge (supervisor) ____________ Shift ____________

2. Working shift staff (not including the person in charge)
_______________________________________________________________ totally __________ persons
3. Tasks
Work location and
Line or device name scope Work content

4. Planned working hours

From _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) to _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
5. Disable the reclosing circuit (the circuit name should be written)
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Working conditions (equipotential, intermediate or ground potential work, or names of nearby live
equipment)
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Matters needing attention (safety measures)

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of the work ticket issuer______ Date of issuance _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
8. Confirm items 1-7 of this work ticket
Signature of person in charge____________
9. Work permit control approver (contact person) ______ approval time_____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
Signature of the person in charge________ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
10. Designate __________ as the dedicated supervisor
Signature of the dedicated supervisor __________
11. Supplementary security measures
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Confirm the work tasks and safety measures assigned by the person in charge.
Signature of the work shift personnel:
________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Work completion report regulation approver (contact person) __________

Signature of the person in charge _________ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
14. Remarks
_________________________________________________________________________________________

63
Appendix E: Format of Emergency Repair Form for Power Line Accident

Emergency Repair Form for Power Line Accident

Unit __________ Number __________

1. Person in charge of emergency repair work (supervisor) ____________ shift ____________

2. Emergency repair shift personnel (excluding the person in charge of emergency repair work)
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ ___ totally_______ persons

3. Emergency repair tasks (emergency repair location and repair content)
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Safety measures

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Live parts or precautions at the repair site

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The above items 1-5 shall be filled in by the person in charge of the emergency repair
_________ according to the arrangement of the dispatcher of the emergency repair task
_________.
7. The following safety measures shall be supplemented after the site survey
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

It has been executed upon the approval of the approver (control/operation and maintenance
personnel) at________ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
8. Approved emergency repair time
_____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) Approver (control/operation and maintenance personnel)_______
9. Report on the end of the emergency repair The emergency repair work was completed at ____ (HH:MM,
Month Day, Year). On-site equipment status and safety measures:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
The emergency repair shift has all been evacuated, the materials and tools have been cleaned up, and
the emergency repair order has ended.
Person in charge of emergency repair work ______ Approver (control/operation and maintenance
personnel)_______
Fill-in time_____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)

54
64
Appendix F: Format of Power Line Work Order

Power Line Work Order

Unit_______ Work ticket number_______ Number_______

1. Person in charge ________

2. shift leader________ shift name________

Team members _______________________________________________________ totally _____ persons

3. Working line name or dual device name

_________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Tasks
Work location or lot
Work content
(Indicate line name, start and end pole number)

5. Plan working hours

From ____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year) to __ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)
6. Matters needing attention (safety measures, drawing instructions can be attached if necessary)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of the work order issuer ________ _____ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)

Signature of the shift leader_________ __ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year)

7. Confirm items 1-6 of this work ticket and the approved work starts

Approving method Approver Signature of shift leader Time

HH:MM, Month Day, Year

8. Confirm the tasks assigned by the shift leader and the safety measures of the construction project. Signature of shift
members: _____________________________________________________________________________________
9. The shift work ended on _______ (HH:MM, Month Day, Year). Temporary safety measures on site have been
removed, materials and tools have been cleaned up, and all members of the shift have been evacuated.

65
 Work Final Report

Signature of group

Final report method Approver signature leader Final report time

HH:MM, Month Day, Year

Remarks:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix G: Configuration Standards for Overhead Transmission Inspection Equipment
Overhead Power Transmission Inspection Equipment Configuration Standards
Configuration requirements
Cate Specificatio
S/N Equipment name Unit Basic Remarks
gory n Qua Optio
configura
ntity nal
tion
Configured for professionals to take
1 Digital camera set 1 ●
photos of defects, external breakage, etc.
Configured for the inspection station, used
2 Video camera set 1 ● for various activities of the inspection
station and shooting on-site operations.
Configured for professionals, including
3 Telescope unit 1 ● portable high-power telescopes, anti-shake
telescopes, etc.
Configured for the patrol station, and used
4 Satellite telephone unit 1 ○ in depopulated zone operation to
communicate with the outside world.
Portable Configured for the inspection station and
5 unit 4 ●
explosion-proof lamp used for night inspection work.
Configured for the patrol station, on-board
6 Emergency lighting unit 2 ● emergency lights, self-powered high pole
lights, etc., used for night work lighting.
Configured for inspection station, used for
7 Engineer shovel set 10 ●
flood control, rescue, rescue vehicles, etc.
Configured for the inspection station, and
High-strength
used for pruning branches and picking up
8 lightweight stretch frame 2 ●
goods from the warehouse shelves in the
ladder
station.
Configured for the professional shift, and
Lightweight
9 set 4 ● used for cutting and pruning trees and
chainsaw
bamboo in channel.
Configured for the professional shift, and
10 Handsaw set 10 ● used for cutting and pruning trees and
Insp bamboo in channel.
ectio Configured for the professional shift, and
n 11 Chain saw set 2 ● used for cutting and pruning trees and
equi bamboo in channel.
pme Configured for the professional shift, and
nt 12 High branch saw set 1 ● used for cutting and pruning trees and
bamboo in channel.
Configured for the inspection station,
For 2-4 including sleeping bags, inflatable
13 Field tent set 6 ○
persons cushions, used for emergency repairs,
field operations, etc.
Configured for inspection station for
14 Rubber boat set 1 ○
inspection along river network.
Configured for the inspection station, used
15 Label printer set 1 ●
for coding of various tools and equipment.
Configured for the inspection station to
16 UAV set 4 ○ assist manual inspections and used for
various high-altitude inspections.
Configured for professionals to carry
17 Patrol backpack unit 1 ● inspection equipment such as binoculars
and cameras.
Configured for the professional, and used
18 Thermos cup unit 1 ● to store the drinking water of the
inspectors.
Configured for professionals, issued
19 Work clothes set 1 ● annually, and used by inspectors during
work.
Configured for professionals, issued
20 Outdoor shoes pair 1 ● annually, and used by inspectors during
work.
Configured for professionals, issued
21 Sun hat+goggles set ○ annually, and used by inspectors during
work.
Configured for the inspection station, and
Tech used to measure the salt density of
nical porcelain insulators. It is equipped with a
supe Equipment for conductivity meter, oven, electronic
rvisi measuring balance, measuring cylinder, funnel,
I set 1 ●
on equivalent salt and drying oven, washing container, and
equi ash density medical gloves. Among them, measuring
pme cylinder, funnel and medical gloves are
nt consumables, which can be configured
separately according to actual use).

67
 Configuration requirements
Cate Specificatio
S/N Equipment name Unit Basic Remarks
gory n Qua Optio
configura
ntity nal
tion
II Insulator test
Configured for the inspection station, used
5,000V
1 only 1 ● for low zero value detection of porcelain
megohmmeter
insulators.
Configured for the inspection station, used
Digital display
2 set 1 ● for low zero value detection of porcelain
insulator tester
insulators.
Composite insulator Configured for the inspection station, used
3 hydrophobicity set 1 ○ for the hydrophobicity detection of
detector composite insulators.
III Live detection
Configured for the inspection station, and
Infrared Thermal used to check whether there are defects in
1 set 1 ●
Imager fittings, insulators, etc. that cause local
heating.
Configured for the inspection station, and
used for partial discharge or surface
2 UV imager set 1 ○
discharge detection of fittings and
insulators.
Configured for the inspection station, and
Composite insulator used for live detection of composite
3 set 1 ○
detector insulators for defects and other
inspections.
Configured for the inspection station, and
Spark gap detector
used to detect whether the porcelain
4 with insulated set 1 ●
insulator has low zero value and other
operating rod
defects.
Ground resistance
IV and soil resistivity
measurement
Clamp-on ground Configured for the inspection station for
1 set 2 ●
resistance meter grounding resistance measurement.
Configured for the inspection station, used
2 Soil resistivity tester set 1 ○ for the detection of the soil circuit rate
near the grounding grid.
Earth resistance
Configured for inspection station, used for
3 tester (earth shake set 4 ●
grounding resistance measurement
meter)
Configured for the inspection station, used
4 Metal detector set 1 ○ to detect the direction and length of the
grounding grid.
Limit and sag
measurement,
V tower tilt and
deflection
measurement
Configured for the inspection station, and
used for distance, height difference, angle
1 Total station set 1 ● measurement, ground wire sag
measurement, cross span measurement,
and tower tilt measurement.
Configured for the inspection station, used
for distance, height difference, angle
Portable laser
2 set 4 ● measurement, crossover measurement,
rangefinder
etc. where the angle requirement is not
high.
Configured for the inspection station and
3 Rod with prism unit 1 ●
used with the total station.
Configured for the inspection station,
combined with the requirements according
4 Tape measure unit 4 ● to the measurement length, primarily used
for distance measurement, basic parameter
measurement, etc.

VI Other equipment
(Large span) Configured for the inspection station, and
1 Vibration measuring set 1 ○ primarily used for vibration detection of
instrument large-span ground conductors.
Configured for the inspection station, and
Ultrasonic flaw
2 set 1 ○ primarily used for the welding seam
detector
inspection of iron towers and fittings.
Configured for the inspection station, and
3 Vernier caliper set 5 ●
primarily used to measure the pressure
 Configuration requirements
Cate Specificatio
S/N Equipment name Unit Basic Remarks
gory n Qua Optio
configura
ntity nal
tion
before and after press of the crimping
pipe.
Configured for the inspection station, and
4 Torque wrench set 5 ● primarily used to measure the bolt
tightening rate of the tower.
Configured for the inspection station, and
Galvanized layer
5 set 1 ○ primarily used to measure the thickness of
tester
the galvanized layer of the iron tower.
Grou Detecting well water
Configured for the inspection station, and
ndin temperature and level
1 2 ● primarily used for detection of the
g measuring
grounding electrode.
elect instrument
rode Test well humidity Configured for the inspection station, and
detec 2 measuring 2 ● primarily used for detection of the
tion instrument grounding electrode.
instr Configured for the inspection station, and
ume 3 Clamp ammeter 2 ● primarily used for detection of the
nt grounding electrode.
Tower maintenance
I
equipment

(I) Pole holding system

Herringbone small
1 unit 1 ● Used to lift the holding pole.
pole

Outer cable holding Used to assemble lifting tower materials

2 unit 1 ●
pole in pieces.

3 Waist ring unit 2 ●

4 Steel rope set pcs 8 ● Used to fix the waist ring.

5 Small double hook unit 4 ●

6 Shackle unit 20 ●

Larg (II) Pull system ●

e-sca
le 7 Cable pcs 4 ● Used to fix the pole.
and 8 Shackle unit 8 ● Used for cable connection.
pow 9 Steel rope set pcs 2 ● Used for waist pull connection.
er 10 Small double hook unit 4 ● Used for waist pull connection.
cut 11 Shackle unit 8 ● Used for waist pull connection.
oper 12 Steel rope set pcs 4 ● Used for waist pull connection.
atio
n (III) Support system ●
equi
pme 13 Support rope pcs 4 ● Used to support the holding pole.
nt 14 Balance tackle unit 2 ●
Adjuster (hand lever
15 unit 4 ● Used to tighten the waist rope.
hoist)
16 Shackle unit 4 ● Used to connect.
17 Steel rope set pcs 4 ●

Lifting traction
(IV)
system

18 Grinding rope pcs 2 ●

19 Lifting tackle unit 4 ●

20 Control rope pcs 2 ●

21 Adjustment rope pcs 4 ●

22 Ground block unit 1 ●

23 Waist pulley pcs 2 ●
24 Steel rope set pcs 2 ●
25 Motor winch set 1 ●

69
 Configuration requirements
Cate Specificatio
S/N Equipment name Unit Basic Remarks
gory n Qua Optio
configura
ntity nal
tion
26 Steel rope set pcs 24 ●
27 Shackle unit 16 ●

(V) Lifting system

28 Wire rope pcs 1 ● Used for pole lifting.

29 Wire rope pcs 1 ● Used for pole lifting.
30 Pulley unit 4 ●
31 Steel rope set pcs 4 ●
(VI) Others
32 Ground anchor unit 5 ●
33 Transfer rope pcs 4 ●
34 Pass pulley unit 4 ●
35 Reinforcement wood unit 8 ●
36 Sleeper unit 5 ●
Paying-off and
II tightening line set
equipment
Main tension
1 set 2 ● Purchased
machine
2 Main tractor set 2 ● Purchased
Small tension
3 set 2 ● Purchased
machine
4 Small tractor set 2 ● Purchased
5 Car crane set 16t 1 ● To be rented
6 Car crane set 8t 1 ● To be rented
7 Motor winch set 4 ● For lifting insulators
8 Motor winch set 2 ● For tightening the wire
9 Small radio set 2 ● Traction field/tension field dedicated
10 Walkie talkie set 20 ● Signal exchange
11 Crimping tool set 5 ● Used for crimping ground wire, purchased
12 Pay-off pulley unit 3-pulley 200 ● Used for wire release, purchased
Single-pulle
13 Pay-off pulley unit 100 ● Used for ground wire, purchased
y
Single
14 Lifting pulley unit 10 ●
opening
15 Wire rope pcs 5 ● Lifting insulator string
16 Brown rope pcs 10 ● Lifting insulator string
17 Wire rope set pcs 10 ● Lifting insulator string
18 Angle iron pile pcs 10 ● Lifting insulator string
19 Shackle unit 20 ● Lifting insulator string
20 Pull rod pcs 24 ● For corner tower
21 Angle Steel pcs 24 ● For corner tower
22 Wire rope pcs 40 ● Pay-off
23 Wire rope pcs 5 ● Pay-off
24 Wire rope pcs 60 ● For ground wire and anchor wire
25 Wire rope pcs 30 ● For hanging
26 Wire rope pcs 1 ● For wringing
27 Wire rope pcs 12 ● For crimping
28 Wire rope pcs 10 ● For spool anchor line
29 Wire rope pcs 20 ● For spool anchor line
30 White brown rope pcs 4 ●
31 White brown rope pcs 4 ●
32 nylon rope pcs 4 ●
33 Anti-twist wire rope pcs 30 ● With rope reel, purchased
34 Anti-twist wire rope pcs 70 ● With rope reel, purchased
35 Card line unit 120 ● For anchor wire, purchased
36 Card line unit 20 ● For anchorage line
37 Card line unit 4 ● Anchor rope and guide rope
38 Walking board set 5 ● Purchased
39 Lever hoist set 150 ● Purchased
40 Lever hoist set 50 ● Purchased
41 Rotating connector unit 6 ● Purchased
42 Rotating connector unit 12 ● Purchased
43 Rotating connector unit 10 ● Purchased
44 Rotating connector unit 6 ● Purchased
45 Flexural connector unit 30 ● Purchased
46 Flexural connector unit 30 ● Purchased
 Configuration requirements
Cate Specificatio
S/N Equipment name Unit Basic Remarks
gory n Qua Optio
configura
ntity nal
tion
47 Flexural connector unit 60 ● Purchased
48 Flexural connector unit 50 ● Purchased
49 Crimping pulley unit 12 ●
50 Ground pulley unit 8 ●
51 Ground rod unit 5 ● Copper tape with ground
52 Plastic woven case unit Double head 6 ● 2 ground wires, 4 wires
53 Plastic woven case unit Single head 10 ● 2 ground wires, 8 wires
Straight tube For
54 unit 140 ● Purchased
protective sleeve conductor
Straight tube For ground
55 unit 14 ●
protective sleeve wire
56 Shackle unit 150 ● Different specifications
57 Wire rope pcs 16 ●
58 Wire rope pcs 4 ●
59 Anchor wire frame unit 36 ●
Steel pipe ground
60 pcs 40 ●
anchor
Wire block joint
61 unit 80 ●
plate
62 Breaker unit 8 ●
63 Aerial work platform unit 4 ● Purchased
64 Thread lifter unit 20 ● Purchased
III Others

34 Simple lathe set 1 ● Configured for inspection station.

Electric welding
35 set 1 ● Configured for inspection station.
machine

36 Grinder set 2 ● Configured for inspection station.

Angle steel cutting

37 set 2 ● Configured for inspection station.
machine
Configured for inspectors, including
38 Artificial tools set 1 ●
wrenches, screwdrivers, hand pliers, etc.
Various Only configured for live working shifts,
1 End clamp unit specification 1 ● and each model of each manufacturer is
s used to replace insulators.
Various Only configured for live working shifts,
2 Closed clamp unit specification 1 ● one pair of each model of each
s manufacturer, used to replace insulators.
Only configured for live working shifts,
3 Big slave clamp unit 1 ● one pair of each model of each
manufacturer, used to replace insulators.
Only configured for live working shifts, 2
Insulated transfer of each model according to the working
4 pcs 2 ●
rope requirements, used to transfer small parts
or tools for live working.
Only configured for live working shifts, 2
of each model according to the working
5 Insulated lever hoist unit 2 ●
requirements, used to lift wires and
fittings for live working.
Live
Only configured for live working shifts
wor Shielding suit (full
6 set 20 ● and used for live working or near live
king set)
working.
equi
pme Only configured for live working shifts, 2
of each model according to the working
nt 7 Insulated pulley unit 2 ●
requirements, used for live working
hoisting.
Only configured for live working shifts
8 Insulated rope ladder unit 4 ● and used for equipotential personnel to
work on wires.
Only configured for the live working shift,
and 2 of each model according to the
9 Insulated lifting rope pcs 2 ●
working requirements, used for live
working hoisting.
Only configured for live working shifts
10 Potential transfer rod unit 4 ● and used for equipotential workers to
transfer potential.
Only configured for live working shifts
Insulated operating
11 set 4 ● and used for ground potential handling of
lever
foreign objects or easy-to-handle defects.
Only configured for live working shifts
12 Four-wire hook set 2 ●
and used to replace insulators and lift

71
 Configuration requirements
Cate Specificatio
S/N Equipment name Unit Basic Remarks
gory n Qua Optio
configura
ntity nal
tion
wires when live.
Only configured for live working shifts
13 Insulated boom set 4 ● and used to replace the entire string of
insulators.
Only configured for live working shifts
Insulated wire
14 pcs 4 ● and used to replace the entire string of
protection rope
insulators and conductors.
Only configured for live working shifts
15 Hydraulic screw set 12 ●
and used to replace insulators.
Only configured for live working shifts
16 Insulated noose pcs 20 ●
and used for hoisting.
Only configured for live working shifts
17 Hanging basket unit 2 ● and used for live working personnel to
enter the equipotential.
Only configured for live working shifts,
including multimeters, insulation
resistance meters, anemometers,
18 Detection box unit 2 ● temperature and humidity, used to
measure the resistance of the shielding
clothing and the field wind speed,
temperature and humidity.
Only configured for live working shifts
19 Moisture-proof pad Zhang 2 ●
and used to place insulating tools.
Only configured for live working shifts
Insulation repair
20 base 2 ● and used to repair the iron tower when
tower
live.
Only configured for live working shifts
21 Insulated fall arrester unit 5 ● and used to protect live working personnel
from working at heights.
Configure according to the inspection
1 Electroscope unit 2 ● station, used to check whether the line is
live.
Configured for the patrol station, and used
to ensure the personal safety of the
operation section during the power-cut
2 Ground wire group 5 ●
maintenance. The DC transmission line
and the grounding electrode line are made
separately.
Configured for the inspection station, used
during power-cut maintenance to ensure
Safe 3 Personal security line pcs 20 ●
personal safety when the work site
ty
touches the wire.
tools
Configured for the inspection station, and
and
Anti-falling used during the power-cut maintenance
pers 4 unit 20 ●
self-locking device period to ensure that the high-altitude
onal
workers do not fall from high altitude.
prot
ectiv Configured for inspection personnel and
e 5 Helmet unit 1 ● used to protect the head of inspection
equi operators.
pme Configured for the patrol personnel, and
nt 6 safety belt top 1 ● used to ensure that high-altitude workers
do not fall from high altitude.
Configured for the inspection station, and
used during the power-cut maintenance
7 Back extension cord pcs 20 ●
period to ensure that the high-altitude
workers do not fall from high altitude.
Nanjing Configured as inspection station, used to
1 Engineering vehicle unit Iveco (11 1 ● transport small materials and personnel for
seats) production operations.
Prod Configured for the inspection station, used
uctio 2 SUV or pickup unit 5 ● to transport small materials for production
n operations and inspection personnel.
vehi Live working tool Only configured for live working shifts
3 unit 1 ●
cle vehicle and used to transport live working tools.
confi 4 Crane unit 1 ○ Temporary lease is recommended.
gura Large transport
tion 5 unit 1 ○ Temporary lease is recommended.
vehicle
Configured as inspection station, and used
Desert off-road
6 unit 2 ○ for transportation of small materials and
motorcycle
inspection personnel in desert areas.

Appendix H: Spare Parts Configuration Standards for Overhead Transmission Lines

 Spare Parts Configuration Standards for Overhead Transmission Lines

Applicable

Category S/N Spare parts name Quantity Unit equipment Remarks

quantity (km)

DC transmission lines and grounding

Steel core aluminum
electrode lines are separately
1 2,000 meter
spare stranded wire configured according to model
specifications
parts
2 Steel strand 2,000 meter Grounding electrode line configuration

3 Optical cable 2,000 meter DC transmission line configuration

DC transmission lines and grounding

electrode lines are separately
1 Wire repair tube 50 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications

2 Ground wire repair pipe 50 pcs 500 Grounding electrode line configuration

3 Composite insulator 40 pcs 500 DC transmission line configuration

DC transmission lines and grounding

electrode lines are separately
4 Disc insulator 200 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
Wires and ground wires are configured
5 Spiral splice 100 group 500 separately according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
6 Full tension splice 100 group 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
7 U-shaped hanging ring 50 pcs 500
configured according to model
spare
specifications
parts DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
8 Extension ring 30 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
9 UB type hanging board 50 set 500
configured according to model
specifications
Configure according to various models
10 U bolt 100 set 500
and specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
11 Yoke plate 30 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
12 Parallel hanging board 30 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
13 Ball head hanging board 30 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications

73
 Applicable

Category S/N Spare parts name Quantity Unit equipment Remarks

quantity (km)

DC transmission lines and grounding

electrode lines are separately
14 Bowl head hanging ring 30 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
15 Right angle hanging board 50 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
16 Adjustment board 50 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
17 Fittings bolt 50 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
Anti-vibration hammer or
electrode lines are separately
18 200 set 500
damping device configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
Pre-twisted wire protection
electrode lines are separately
19 100 set 500
line configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
20 Spacer 50 set 500
configured according to model
specifications
Residual cable rack and
DC transmission lines are configured
21 residual cable fixing 10 set 500
according to model specifications
bracket

OPGW tensile suspension

DC transmission lines are configured
22 50 set 500
fittings according to model specifications

DC transmission lines are configured

23 Splice box 5 set 500
according to model specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
24 Wire suspension clamp 50 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
25 Wire tension clamp 25 set 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
26 Wire connection tube 25 set 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
27 Parallel groove clamp 50 set 500
configured according to model
specifications
 Applicable

Category S/N Spare parts name Quantity Unit equipment Remarks

quantity (km)

Ground wire suspension

Grounding electrode line is configured
28 25 vice 500
clamp according to model specifications

Grounding electrode line is configured

29 Ground wire strain clamp 25 set 500
according to model specifications
Grounding electrode line is configured
30 Ground connection tube 25 set 500
according to model specifications
Heavy hammer and Separate configuration of DC
31 25 set 500 transmission lines and grounding
accessories
electrode lines
Pressure equalizing ring
DC transmission lines are configured
32 25 set 500
and shielding ring according to model specifications

DC transmission lines and grounding

electrode lines are separately
33 Various R pins 100 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
34 All kinds of split pins 100 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications
DC transmission lines and grounding
electrode lines are separately
35 Various tower bolts 100 pcs 500
configured according to model
specifications

75