E3sconf Iconard2022 02020 SiamPontianak-OK

12/12/22, 8:34 PM E3S Web of Conferences
Journals Books Conferences 
All issues Series

 Search  Menu
Forthcoming About
All issues Volume 361 (2022)
 Previous issue Table of Contents Next issue 
Free Access to the whole issue
E3S Web of Conferences

Volume 361 (2022)
3rd International Conference on Agribusiness and Rural Development (IConARD

2022)
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, July 20-21, 2022

Widodo, Susanawati, M. Senge, A.A. Aziz, Y. Witono, J. Sharifuddin, A.B. Robani, B. Krisnamurthi, P. Saiyut,
J.H. Mulyo, M.F. bin Kamarudin and M.M. Tjale (Eds.)
Export the citation of the selected articles Export

Select all
Open Access
Statement of Peer review

Published online: 29 November 2022
PDF (126 KB)
 Agribusiness  Rural Environment Development
 Agricultural Economic  Agricultural Technology and Smart Farming
Open Access
Preface 00001
https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2022/28/contents/contents.html 1/22
Widodo, Susanawati, Masateru Senge, Ammar Abdul Aziz, Yuli Witono, Juwaidah Sharifuddin,

Anidah Binti Robani, Bayu Krisnamurthi, Pakapon Saiyut, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo et al. (2 more)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236100001
PDF (977.0 KB) NASA ADS Abstract Service
- Agribusiness
Open Access
The effects of coagulant types on the quality and added value of raw rubber
materials 01001
Yanter Hutapea, Yeni Eliza Maryana, Joni Karman, Sidiq Hanapi and Budi Raharjo
PDF (1.747 MB) References NASA ADS Abstract Service
Open Access
Characteristics and entrepreneurship behavior of strawberry farmers in Serang

Village, Karangreja District, Purbalingga 01002
Irene Kartika Eka Wijayanti, Dindy Dharmawati Putri, Febri Hardiyanto, Suyono, Altri Mulyani and
Ruth Fety Rahayuniati
Open Access
Application of the business incubation model to social entrepreneurship programs:

a case study of extreme poverty in Brebes district 01003
Taufik Budi Pramono, Ratna Satriani, Sawitania Christiany Dwi Utami Boru Situmorang, Sunendar,
Joni Johanda Putra and Nur Wijayanti
Open Access
Sustainability of KUB chicken business from human capital perspective: case study
from central Lombok regency 01004
Mardiana, Moh. Taqiuddin and Nurul Hilmiati
Open Access
New product development in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise-based

agriculture products: a valuation technology approach 01005
Budi Dharmawan, Adwi Herry Koesoema Elyanto and Ratna Satriani
Open Access
Feasibility study of orange plantation initiatives on state-owned enterprise in

Central Java, Indonesia 01006
Budi Dharmawan, Anisur Rosyad, Teguh Djuharyanto, Tatang Widjojoko and Ulfah Nurdiani
Open Access
Consumers’ behavior analysis of vegetable e-commerce using the Technology

Acceptance Model (TAM) approach in Jabodetabek 01007
Atika Dian Pitaloka, Atika Dyah Perwita and Saptana
Open Access
Effectiveness of Red Chilli Auction Markets in the Production Center of Yogyakarta,

Indonesia 01008
Susanawati, Nugroho Wisnu Murti and Heri Akhmadi
Open Access
Supply chain analysis of incense in North Tapanuli Regency 01009

Sonya Naibaho and Yosef Manik
Open Access
Effect of Instagram promotion on consumer purchase intention: evidence from

Indonesian traditional food of bakpia 01010
Fedy Rismalia, Heri Akhmadi, Diah Rina Kamardiani, Nguyen Thai Phan and Michael Ameh
Open Access
Gaining added value of chili (Capsicum annum L.) through processing and its
challenges: A case in Bandung, West Java 01011
Helena Juliani Purba, Ening Ariningsih, Kartika Sari Septanti, Sri Suharyono and Julia F. Sinuraya
Open Access
Customer loyalty toward delivery services at Kedai Ladanya Restaurant, Cianjur

Regency, West Java 01012
Siti Muninggar, Zuhud Rozaki, Ahmad Shabudin Arifin and Mona Fairuz Ramli
Open Access
Performance of watermelon farming on coastal land in terms of the

entrepreneurial character of the farmers 01013
Triwara Buddhi Satyarini and Retno Wulandari
Open Access
Duck business development strategy in duck farming center area of Indramayu

Regency, West Java Province of Indonesia 01014
Lintje Hutahaean, Enti Sirnawati, Eni Siti Rohaeni and Bachtar Bakrie
Open Access
Mapping of Orange Supply Chain Diversification in Japan 01015

Fitriana Dina Rizkina, Hiroki Kasamatsu, Atsushi Matsuoka, Naruhito Takenouchi and Fefi Nurdiana

Widjayanti
Open Access
Competitiveness of Indonesian Rice Prices in The International Market 01016

Ronald T.P. Hutapea, Rizky Prayogo Ramadhan, Aneke Tulalo Meity and Yohanis Ngongo
Open Access
Preference Level for Glutinous Corn and Sweet Corn as Local Food in Sigi Regency
01017
Heni SP Rahayu, Saidah, Risna, Andi Nirma Wahyuni and Yogi Purna Raharjo
Open Access
The characteristics and potential of the chrysanthemum commodity business and

supporting institutions 01018
Rita Indrasti, Jefny B. Markus Rawung and Siti Sehat Tan
Open Access
The Factors Affecting Business Innovation to Improve the MSME Competitiveness in

Medan City 01019
Mhd. Buhari Sibuea, Faiz Ahmad Sibuea and Rizka Ramadhani
Open Access
Navigation of Agribusiness Cooperatives in East Java Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic:

Synergies or Competitions? 01020
Oki Wijaya, Deni Aditya Susanto, Garist Sekar Tanjung and Lestari Rahayu

- Agricultural Economic
Open Access
The partial budget analysis of chilli pepper production using netting house IPM
technology over the open field 02001
Asma Sembiring, Tonny Koestoni Moekasan and Laksminiwati Prabaningrum
Open Access
Smallholder farmers behaviour to access bank in an integrated crop-livestock

system in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 02002
Nurul Hilmiati, I Putu Cakra Putra Adnyana, Irma Mardian, Ulyatu Fitrotin, Awaludin Hipi, Mardiana,
Nurul Hidayah and Johanes G. Bulu
Open Access
The Influences of Internal and External Environment on The Performance and

Sustainability of Cardamom Farming 02003
Dindy Darmawati Putri, Lutfi Zulkifli and Indah Setiawati
Open Access
The influence of land tenure status on the income of Inpago Unsoed-1 rice farmers
in Central Java Province 02004
Altri Mulyani and Irene Kartika Eka Wijayanti
Open Access
Export Performance and Comparative Advantage of Indonesian Tropical Fruits

02005
Syahrul Ganda Sukmaya, Ulfah Nurdiani, Saptana, Reny Hidayati and Desma Harmaidi
Open Access
The feasibility of large-seeded soybean cultivation 02006

Nila Prasetiaswati, Dian Adi Anggraeni Elisabeth and Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto
Open Access
Innovations in healthy citrus garden management to reduce major pests and

diseases and increase incomes of citrus farmers 02007
Ni Made Delly Resiani, Ni Putu Sutami and A.A.N.B. Kamandalu
Open Access
Analysis of economic feasibility of assisted tractors in Banten province, Indonesia

02008
Viktor Siagian, Ismatul Hidayah, Resmayeti and Lermansius Haloho
Open Access
The efficiency of shallot farming in the highlands and lowlands in Magetan Regency,
East Java Province 02009
Eni Istiyanti and Krismonika Maylani
Open Access
Competitiveness of Indonesia's edible-nest swiftlet exports 02010
Helena Juliani Purba, Eddy Supriadi Yusuf, Juni Hestina, Erwidodo, Delima Hasri Azahari, Wahida,
Frans Betsi Dabukke and Roosganda Elizabeth
Open Access
Attitudes of farmers toward the farmer card program in Girigondo Village, Pituruh
District, Purworejo Regency 02011
Sriyadi and Nurul Hanifah
Open Access
Feasibility of water apple farming in Demak Regency 02012

Nur Rahmawati, Irfan Adikusumo and Zuhud Rozaki
Open Access
The Farmers’ Perception of The Natural Farming System in Bulukumba, East

Indonesia 02013
Triyono and Dara Intan Salassa
Open Access
Feasibility of Dry Land Red Rice Farming in Gunungkidul Regency 02014

Lestari Rahayu, Hastari Angginawati and Utami Agus Yulianti
Open Access
Utilization of yard land as the provision of household food in the border area of
Miangas Island, North Sulawesi Province 02015
Agustinus N. Kairupan, Derek Polakitan and Gabriel H. Joseph

Open Access
Potential development of local varieties of Batabual Arabica coffee in Buru Regency,

Maluku Province, Indonesia 02016
Siti Sehat Tan, Chandra Indrawanto, Rita Indrasti and Mangasi Panjaitan
Open Access
Prospects of Chrysanthemum Development in North Sulawesi 02017

Conny N Manoppo, Ibrahim E. Malia, August Polakitan dan and Louise Matindas
Open Access
The contribution of integrated farming to fulfill the food consumption of Payung

Island community's 02018
Nurmalinda and Chery Soraya Ammatillah
Open Access
Feasibility of rice farming jajar legowo planting system in Dramaga, Ciomas, and
Tamansari Sub-District, Bogor Regency 02019
Astika Adhi Alamsyah, Sari Anggarawati and Anak Agung Eka Suwarnata
Open Access
Economic of Pontianak Citrus (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) Production in Sambas

Regency, Indonesia 02020
Rusli Burhansyah and Juliana Carolina Kilmanun
Open Access
Potential Utilization of Oil Palm Plantation Waste Supports Beef Cattle Development
in West Sulawesi 02021
Fitriawaty, Sulkarnain, Ida Andriani, H Rahmi, Nurhafsah, Sari Yanti Hayanti and Yenni Yusriani
Open Access
The Role of Women in Raising Local Chicken on a Household Scale in Minahasa

Regency, North Sulawesi: Review 02022
Hasrianti Silondae, M.A.U. Muzayyanah, Endang Sulastri and Budi Guntoro
Open Access
Acceleration of smallholder plantation development through the development of

farmers economic institutions in North Sulawesi 02023
Ronald Hutapea, Meity A. Tulalo, Roosganda Elizabeth and Jantje G. Kindangen
Open Access
Opportunities for the Development of The Oleochemical Industry of Coconut

Products 02024
Gabriel H. Joseph, Jantje G. Kindangen, Paulus C. Paat and Darwin Taulaby
Open Access
Strategy for Developing Organic Rice Farming in Sleman Regency, Special Region of
Yogyakarta 02025
Eni Istiyanti, Indah Widowati, Triyono and Novia Angger Trisnanti
Open Access
The Application of TURIMAN JAGOLE Technological Innovation to Increase Crop

Index and Urban Farmer Income in DKI Jakarta 02026
Iskandar Zulkarnaen, Ana Feronika Cindra Irawati, Asep Ali, Susi Sutardi, Chery Soraya Amatillah and
Emi Sugiartini
Open Access
Cost Efficiency and Farmers’ Profit in Using Certified Rice Seeds and Non-Certified
Rice Seeds in Rainfed Rice Field 02027
Teguh Prasetyo, Cahyati Setiani and Munir Eti Wulanjari
Open Access
Farmers' Interest in Continuing Organic Rice Farming in Yogyakarta 02028

Triyono and Khairunnisa Kurniawati
Open Access
Effect of Irrigation System on Production and Profit in Red Chili Farming on Rice
Land, Kretek District, Bantul Regency 02029
Francy Risvansuna Fivintari and Anggie Darmayanti
- Rural Environment Development

Open Access
A Corpus Analysis of Rural Representations in English-language News Media in

China 03001
Chen Fangfang
Open Access
Is social capital important in coping with climate change? A case of agriculture

sector in Gunungkidul, Indonesia 03002
Endah Saptutyningsih and Fitria Dewi Nurcahyani
Open Access
Technology for salt brines utilization on distant pastures in the arid zone of the
Republic of Kazakhstan 03003
Yuri Bezborodov, Nurlan Balgabaev, Nyetbai Khozhanov and Timur Ustabaev
Open Access
Green behavior activism through rural-based community development 03004

Sri Hilmi Pujihartati, Ismi Dwi Astuti Nurhaeni, Drajat Tri Kartono and Argyo Demartoto
Open Access
Criteria of pesticide selection in shallot pestdisease control in Brebes Regency,

Central Java 03005
Witono Adiyoga, Nur Khaririyatun and Rini Murtiningsih
Open Access
Youth Community as Initiator, Motivator and Executor in the Climate Village

Program Implementation in Malangan Sukoharjo Indonesia 03006
Argyo Demartoto
Open Access
Zinc biofortified rice: seed production and targets development, in central java
03007
Cahyati Setiani, Indrie Ambarsari, Intan Gilang Cempaka and Teguh Prasetyo
Open Access
The effect of agricultural productivity and fossil energy use on CO2 emissions in the
Philippines; an environmental Kuznets curve approach 03008
Agung Suwandaru, Rooswidjajani and Harril Brimantyo
Open Access
Empowerment of farmer groups in rice seed business in Purbalingga Regency,

Central Java 03009
Munir Eti Wulanjari, Renie Oelviani and Miranti Dian Pertiwi
Open Access
The Effectiveness of The Dissemination Method on Soybean Technology Innovation

03010
Chanifah, Joko Triastono, Arif Susila, R. Heru Praptana, Sodiq Jauhari and Sri Murtiati
Open Access
The relations between agricultural land conversion and urban farm workers
livelihoods 03011
Ahmad Choibar Tridakusumah, Iwan Setiawan, Adi Nugraha, Ganjar Kurnia and Yayat Sukayat
Open Access
Agricultural sector labor migration: case study in Patanas Villages 03012

Ashari, Tri Bastuti Purwantini and Rika Reviza Rachmawati
Open Access
Dairy cattle manure utilization by smallholder dairy farmers in West Java, Indonesia
03013
Ening Ariningsih, Erwidodo, Aldho Riski Irawan and Handewi Purwati Saliem
Open Access
Dynamics of the Samberembe Young Mina Farmer Group in Mina Rice Farming in
Pakem, Yogyakarta 03014
Indardi and Jessica Marla
Open Access
Communication Process in Empowering The Disabled Group of Argodadi Pinilih in

Sedayu, Yogyakarta 03015
Indardi
Open Access
The role of local government developing participatory learning methods in

empowering small farmers 03016
Sitti Aminah
Open Access
Cultural Events: Local Sustainable Tourism Development and Entrepreneurship

03017
Nur Anita Yunikawati, Magistyo Purboyo Priambodo and Fatimah Sidi

Open Access
Realizing the Community Participation of Batik Craftsmen in Sustainable

Development in Tampo Village, Banyuwangi Regency 03018
Ni'matul Istiqomah, M. Rudi Irwansyah, Rochman Hadi Mustofa, Lisa Rokhmani and
Rizqi Maulidianto
Open Access
Revitalization of Local Wisdom in the Conservation of the Upstream Watershed

Region, on Java Island, Indonesia 03019
Suwarto, Agung Wibowo, Eny Lestari and Rahayu
Open Access
A Tourism Village Development Model Based on Cultural Ecology on the Slopes of

Mount Lawu, Indonesia 03020
Agung Wibowo, Suwarto and Sugihardjo
Open Access
Strengthening village community empowerment by optimizing ecotourism with

participatory approach in Bumiaji 03021
Magistyo P. Priambodo, Wahjoedi, Muhammad H. Ibnu Abbas, Nur A. Yunikawati and
Lustina F. Prastiwi
Open Access
Food yard program in urban and rural areas of South Kalimantan 03022
Retna Qomariah, Susi Lesmayati, Susilawati and Awanis

Open Access
Existence Pilgrim Kawi’s: Sustainable Rural Tourism Approach for Sumbertempur

03023
Emma Yunika Puspasari
Open Access
The optimization of social media usage by BP2MI for Indonesian migrant worker
families in rural areas 03024
Ali Maksum, Ahmad Sahide, Nur Azizah, Sidik Jatmika and Muhammad Afif
Open Access
Level of community satisfaction on online community empowerment activities in

Special Region of Yogyakarta 03025
Aris Slamet Widodo and Agatha Zenobia Rachman
Open Access
A Foresight in Rimbawan Performance Level: Toward A More Controllable Forest

Fires Area 03026
Anggi Dian Safitri Hasibuan, Luluk Setyaningsih, Abdul Rahman Rusli, Kresno Agus Hendarto, Dian
Charity Hidayat and Tri Astuti Wisudayati
- Agricultural Technology and Smart Farming

Open Access
Growth performance of 'Mentik Wangi' rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Zn nano
application on drought stress 04001
Abdul Ghaffar Amiruddin Zaki, Amalia Tetrani Sakya and Bambang Pujiasmanto
Open Access
Growth and yield response of rice based on different planting distances in rainfed
field 04002
Forita Dyah Arianti, Endah Nurwahyuni, Sri Minarsih and Aldicky Faizal Amri
Open Access
Effects of Plant Growth Promoter on Growth Response and Yield of Several

Sorghum Varieties in Sukoharjo 04003
Ferdifta Wahyu Anggita, Puji Harsono and Amalia Tetrani Sakya
Open Access
Response of sorghum variety growth in the first ratoon with liquid organic fertilizer
application 04004
Eka Nurmala Sari, Puji Harsono and Supriyono
Open Access
Effect of Heating on the Stability of Curcumin on Temulawak Oleoresin

Encapsulated in Arrowroot Starch Nanoparticles 04005
Christina Winarti and Titi Candra Sunarti
Open Access
Plant Performance and Added Value of Soybean Farming by Tillage and Plant
Spacing 04006
Joko Triastono, Chanifah, Arif Susila and Sri Murtiati
Open Access
The potential of Central Java local black rice and red rice as drought tolerant
cultivars 04007
Sabila Awanis, Edi Purwanto and Muji Rahayu
Open Access
Nutritional and sensory characteristics of tiwul made from different fortified tuber
flours 04008
Indrie Ambarsari, Retno Endrasari and Selvia Dewi Anomsari
Open Access
Technology improvement strategy of cassava farming to support local food

development: case study in Warung Kiara, Sukabumi Regency, West Java 04009
Fachrur Rozi, Imam Sutrisno and Dian Adi Anggraeni Elisabeth
Open Access
The effect of aerosol spraying with calcium-containing preparations on basic grape

quality indicators of CV. Shokoladniy during long-term storage 04010
Vladimir Boyko, Svetlana Levchenko, Dmitriy Belash, Alexander Romanov and Sofia Cherviak
Open Access
Methods to detect color imitation of red wines 04011

Sofia Cherviak, Nadezhda Anikina, Marianna Ermikhina, Antonina Vesyutova and Dmitrii Pogorelov

Open Access
Identification of Dryland Local Rice Varieties and Their Advantages Based on

Agronomic Characters 04012
Yustisia, Atekan, Joni Karman, Fuadi Irsan, Yayan Suryana, Yeni Eliza Maryana, Yuana Juwita,
Damasus Riyanto, R. Bambang Heryanto and Siti Khodijah
Open Access
Yield performance and farmers' responses to corn composite varieties in

Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province 04013
Resmayeti Purba and Maureen Chrisye Hadiatry
Open Access
Vamas 1, a new early root bulking, high-yielding, high-starch content cassava variety
04014
Sholihin
Open Access
The effect of adding curcuma powder on the quality of the active components in
instant cocoa drinks 04015
Nurhafsah, Asriani I Laboko, Rahmi H, Ida Andriani and Fitriawaty
Open Access
Moringa Oleifera as a Substitute of Nitrogen (N) in Nata De Coco Production 04016

Payung Layuk, Elisa Winanda, Joula Sondakh and Meivie Lintang

Open Access
Introduction of Garlic Cultivation Technology Packages in West Java, Indonesia

04017
Agus Ruswandi, Meksy Dianawati, Aji Winara, Wara Asfiya, Yati Haryati, Ika Cartika, Agnofi Merdeka
Efendi and Dila Swestiani
Open Access
Technology package of land preparation with solarization and biofertilizer on chili

04018
Neneng Ratna Purnamasari and Meksy Dianawati
Open Access
Fungus Applications on Growth and Yield of Dena-1 Soybean Varieties 04019

Sutarman, Agus Miftahurrohmat and Andriani Eko Prihatiningrum
Open Access
Consumer preference level of fried shallots from several varieties 04020

Meivie Lintang, Payung Layuk, Olvie Tandi and Herlina Salamba
PDF (139.3 KB) References NASA ADS Abstract Service
Open Access
The Effect of Watering Techniques for Increasing the Yield of Shallots (Allium cepa L)
in Dry Land 04021
August Polakitan, Herlina N Salamba and Conny N Manoppo
Open Access
Response of corn (Zea mays L) yield to leaf pruning under the cob 04022
Derek J. Polakitan, Agustinus N. Kairupan and Paulus C. Paat
Open Access
Response of Growth and Yield of Shallots to Various Types of Fertilizer in North

Minahasa regency 04023
Olvie Grietjie Tandi, Mirawanty Amin, Jefny B.M. Rawung, Joula Sondakh, Janne W. Rembang and
Yusuf
Open Access
The effectiveness of compost and manure on hot chili production in North Sulawesi
04024
Ibrahim Erik Malia, Janne H.W. Rembang and Herlina Nanny Salamba
Open Access
Components of environment affecting the reproduction of powder beetle Sitophilus

zeamais (motsch.) 04025
Ayyub Arrahman, Amelia Sebayang, F. Jamaluddin, Hishar Mirzam, Nurasiah Djaenddin, Suriani,
Syahrir Pakki and Sudjak Saenong
Open Access
The Existence of Seed Resource Management Unit and Seed Grower to Support the
Sustainable Certified Rice Seed in North Sumatera Province 04026
Deddy Romulo Siagian, Novia Chairuman, Vivi Aryati, Siti Fatimah Batubara and Khasril Atrisiandy
Open Access
Use of Seaweed Liquid Extract and Cow Urine for Lettuce Growth in Hydroponic
System 04027
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid, Sitti Fadhillah Arsani, Tresjia Corina Rakian, Rachmawati Hasid,
Waode Siti Anima Hisein and Andi Nurmas
Open Access
Ecological state of some pasture differences of Haloxylon ammodendron of

Karakalpak Ustyurt (Uzbekistan) 04028
Vasila Sharipova, Tashkhanim Rakhimova and Nodira Rakhimova
E3S Web of Conferences

 
eISSN: 2267-1242
Mentions légales Contacts Privacy policy
A Vision4Press website
E3S Web of Conferences 361, 02020 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236102020
IConARD 2022
Economic of Pontianak Citrus (Citrus nobilis var.

microcarpa) Production in Sambas Regency,
Indonesia
Rusli Burhansyah*, Juliana Carolina Kilmanun
Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency,
BRIN Sasana Widya Sarwono Building - Floor 03, Jl. General Gatot Subroto No. 10, South Jakarta -
Indonesia
Abstract. Sambas Regency is one of the centers of Siamese citrus

production in Indonesia. The growth of Pontianak Siam citrus production in
Sambas Regency in the 2011-2021 period has decreased by an average of
around 1% per year. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the
efficiency of Pontianak's citrus farming is feasible and to analyze the factors
that influence Pontianak Siamese citrus farming. The number of
respondents is as many as 300 farmers. The method of determining the
research area is purposively based. The sampling of farmers at the research
site used a simple random sampling method. The method of analysis is the
analysis of Siamese citrus farming income, the R/C ratio, and the Cobb-
Douglas production function. The results showed that Pontianak citrus
farming was feasible and efficient with an R/C value of 2.02. Factors that
significantly affect farm production are seeds, labor, and work experience.
1 Introduction
In 2021, there will be roughly 48,828 tons of citrus produced worldwide. Brazil, China,
the European Union, Mexico, and the United States are among the countries with the
biggest citrus production worldwide. About 77.74% of the citrus produced worldwide is
produced in these five nations [1]. Globally significant fruit trees include the citrus family.
Citrus fruits are high in fiber, folic acid, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) [2]. About 2,406,642
tons of citrus will be produced in Indonesia in 2021. The following regions are known for
their citrus production: East Java, North Sumatra, Bali, West Sumatra, South Kalimantan,
Lampung, and West Kalimantan. These production hubs account for roughly 76.83% of
domestic production [3].
Indonesia imports more than exports in international trade. Indonesia is the second largest
importer of citrus fruits in Southeast Asia after Malaysia, with an annual growth rate of 11%
[4]. There were several factors in these situations. Reasons such as increased consumer
demand, domestic production bottlenecks, and citrus tariff barriers are easing [5].
Citrus fruits are commonly planted in both dry and wet climates in the high and lowlands,
including wetlands. rice field. Total citrus production in 2021 was 2,406,642 tons [3].
* Corresponding author: burhansyahrusli@yahoo.mail
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
IConARD 2022
Tangerines, tangerines, pummelos, and other citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, and citrus
high-Strix account for 80% of citrus crop production [6]. Citrus fruits are becoming
increasingly popular among consumers as dietary supplements [7]. Citrus consumption in
Indonesia is high, with 3.33 kilograms consumed per person per year in 2018 [8]. In terms of
citrus production, he was second only to bananas in 2018, with 2.5 million tons produced [9].
Citrus imports are becoming more and more popular to meet the growing demand.
According to the 2013 Agriculture Census [10], more than 554,000 households are
engaged in citrus cultivation. However, there were relatively few tree owners, with only 129
trees or 0.25 ha/hectare. This indicates that citrus cultivation is dominated by small producers.
The common perception [11] that small farms are less productive probably applies to
Indonesian citrus cultivation as well. Because they are not involved in the introduction of
new farming methods, the advantage of smallholder farmers appears to be related to the large
gap between potential yields and actual farmer productivity. Integrated plant management is
highly recommended for citrus cultivation in Indonesia, especially for the following five
elements: (ii) control of pests and diseases, in particular, yellow dragon disease; (iii) the
orchards are in a good sanitary condition; (iv) optimal care such as fertilization, irrigation;
(v)Integration with other farmers [12-14].
Citrus farming is profitable farming for farmers. The results of research on citrus
farming are profitable. Citrus farming in Tanjung Beringin village is profitable with an
average income per farmer of IDR 136,000,000/ha/year, R/C value = 2.7 [15]. Likewise,
examined the benefits of Siamese oranges in North Sumatra, during the citrus farming cycle
the profit was IDR 439,166,360/ha. Profitable citrus farming is monoculture farming. If
citrus farming with other plants or intercropping, it is less profitable [16]. Ijaz et al (2014)
studied the intercropping of citrus with other crops. The average production of citrus
without intercropping was 12,454 kg ha-1 higher than that of intercropping 7,492 kg ha-1.
The B/C ratio of monoculture citrus farming is 1.59 was higher than that of intercropping
citrus farming is 1.31 [17].
Based on the foregoing, researchers are interested in knowing the income and factors that
influence the production of Pontianak citrus farming in Sambas District, Sambas Regency.
This study aims to 1) analyze the income efficiency of Pontianak citrus farming and 2)
analyze the factors that influence the production of Pontianak citrus farming in Sambas
District, Sambas Regency.
2 Research Method
2.1 Location and Time of Research
The survey was conducted in the Tebas and Sambas districts. Tebas Subdistrict has six
villages: Pangkalan Kongsi Village, Serumpun Buluh Village, Tebas Sungai Village, Dungun
Perapakan Village, Sejiram Village, Mensere Village, and Segarau Village. Sambas district
consists of four villages: Lumbang Village, Saing Rambi Village, Sungai Rambah Village,
and Semangau Village. The survey period is from July to August 2021. The survey method
used the survey method. This method is a systematic method for gathering information from
a population sample with the aim of describing a quantitative description of a larger
population [18].
2.2 Data processing and sampling procedure

This study included farmers growing Pontianak citrus. The sampling method used a random
sample in each village surveyed 300 respondents.
2
IConARD 2022
2.3 Data processing and analysis techniques
The collected data is displayed in tabular form. To calculate farmers' income, the authors use
gross income analysis and net income analysis in the following formulations. Gross revenue
is the product of the price level generated in the market and the output produced [19]. Total
sales can be calculated by following Formula 1.
TR= P.Y. (1)

where TR was Total Revenue (IDR); P was Market Price (IDR), and Y was Production
Income is the difference in the value of revenue (R) with the cost (C) of farming. Family
labor is not counted as an expense. Farm income is calculated as gross income (Gross Income
= GI). Revenue is expressed in rupiah/hectare. Income calculation uses the following formula
[19]:
Π= TR-TC (2)
Where, Π was Income; TR was Total Revenue, and TC was Total Cost
R/C Ratio Analysis. The income of farmers who use the farming system was studied.
Farmers were interviewed in order to find out if their farming practices enhanced their
household income. The structure of revenue (R) and farming expenses (C) from the
intercropping system were analyzed, and the R/C analysis was used to compute two critical
components. The revenue-to-cost ratio indicates how much revenue will be generated from
each cost incurred in agricultural production [20]. The revenue-to-production-cost ratio can
be used to assess the relative profitability of farming operations. This means that the revenue-
to-cost ratio can be used to determine if a production process is profitable or not. R/C
analysis, often known as Cost/Revenue analysis, is a type of financial analysis.
R/C= TR (3)
TC
If the R/C ratio is more than 1, the firm is lucrative or developable. If the R/C Ratio is less
than one, the business will lose money (not feasible to be developed). Moreover, if the R/C
When the ratio equals 1, the company has reached break-even. The T-test was used to
compare the mean income between polyculture and monoculture farming systems [21].
2.4 Cobb-Douglas Production Function Analysis

Cobb-Douglas Production Function Analysis is used to describe the functional
relationship between factors of production [19]. The production factor of Siam Pontianak
citrus farming is the independent variable (X). Income as an affected variable or dependent
variable (Y). In operation, the Cobb-Douglas function is transformed in the form of a
logarithmic equation, which is as follows
Ln Y= β0+ β1LnX1+ β2LnX2+ β3LnX3+ β4LnX4+ β5LnX5+ β6LnX6+ β7LnD1+ β8LnD +e (4)
where, Y was Pontianak Citrus Production (ton/ha); X1 was the Number of orange seeds; X2 was the
Number of N fertilizer (kg/ha); X3 was the Number of P fertilizer (kg/ha); X4 was the Number of K
fertilizer (kg/ha); X5 was Number of Labor (hour/year); X6 was Number of Pesticide (lt/ha); X7 was
Dummy Variable of Education (0= education level below high school, 1= high school education level);
and X8 was Dummy Variable of Experience (0 = less than 10 years of experience, 1= more than 10
years experience).
3
IConARD 2022
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Characteristics of Respondents
The average age of respondents is 47.85 years, which means this has entered the less
productive period. The average farming experience is 13.70 years which indicates that the
farmers are quite experienced in running their farming. The number of children borne by
about 2 people. The average education of the head of the household is 7.69 years, which
means that on average they only graduated from elementary school (Table 1).
Table 1. Characteristics of respondents in Sambas District.
No. Characteristics of respondents x̄ ± SE
1. Age (years) 47.85 ± 0.57
2. Farming experience (years) 13.70 ± 0.68
3. Number of borne children (person) 1.88 ± 0.07
4. Education of head of household (years) 7.69 ± 0.13
Land tenure by farmer households in the surrounding rainfed rice fields is 0.3 ha, 0.51 ha
citrus gardens, 0.55 ha rubber gardens, and 0.12 yards with a total of 1.48 ha.
3.2 Income Analysis of Pontianak Citrus Farming

Pontianak Siamese citrus farming production costs consist of fixed costs and variable
costs. Production costs are the value of various inputs during production to produce
maximum production output. Fixed costs are costs incurred by farmers whose size does not
affect production results. Fixed costs consist of land taxes, seeds, and equipment
depreciation costs. The fixed cost of Siam Pontianak citrus farming is IDR 2,542,641/ha.
Variable costs or non-fixed costs, namely the costs incurred, the size of which affects the
results of production. The variable costs include fertilizers, pesticides, and labor. The
average total variable cost is IDR 24,917,941.
Table 2. Total Cost of Pontianak Citrus Farming.
No. Description Average Cost (IDR)
1. Fixed Cost (tool depreciation, seeds) 2,542,641
2. Variable Cost
-Fertilizer Cost 2,476,893
-Pesticide Cost 905,229
-Labor Cost 18,993,178
Total 24,917,941
3.3 Pontianak Citrus Farming Revenue, Income, and R/C ratio

Farming revenue is the result obtained by farmers after their farming activities. The
average production of Pontianak Siamese oranges obtained by respondents in Sambas District,
Sambas Regency is 9,068 kg with a price per kg IDR 546 so the farm income is IDR
50,529,128. The income (profit) of Siam Pontianak citrus farming is the value of revenue
minus fixed costs and variable costs. The average income of Pontianak Siamese citrus farming
is IDR 25,373,187. The R/C ratio of Pontianak Siamese citrus farming in Sambas District,
Sambas Regency is 2.02. This means that for every 1 rupiah spent, a revenue of 2.02 rupiah will
be generated. The value of the R/C ratio above 1 means that Siam Pontianak citrusfarming in the
Sambas District is efficient and profitable.
4
IConARD 2022
Table 3. R/C ratio of Pontianak citrus farming in Sambas District, Sambas Regency.
No. Information Amount (IDR)
1. Total Receipt 50,291,128
2. Total Cost 24,917,941
3. Revenue 25,373,187
R/C 2.02
3.4 Analysis of Factors Affecting Pontianak Citrus Farming Production
The production function used in this research is the Cobb-Douglas production function.
The respondents of Pontianak citrus farmers are around 300 respondents. The production
function in Pontianak citrus farming involves two or three variables described as the
dependent variable (Y) and the independent variable (X). In farming, determining the
variables that influence and do not have an effect, it can be done by testing using the Cobb-
Douglas function in the SPSS 21 application. The analysis used is multiple regression
analysis. The results of the analysis are listed in Table 4.
The results of the Cobb-Douglas regression analysis show that the variables that have a
significant effect on citrus production are seeds, labor, and farming experience. From the
results of the analysis, the Cobb-Douglas production function equation model is obtained as
follows:
Y=3,731.76 +16,512 Number of seeds+ 1,491 amount of fertilizer N-6,799 amount of
fertilizer P-0.265 amount of K+ 5,264 total workforce -60,069 amount of pesticides +
370.44 education -605.32 farming experience.
Table 4. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis results.
Predictor Coef. SE Coef. T-Value P-Value VIF
Constant 3,731.76 394.37 9.46 0.00 0.00
Seed 16.51 2.17 7.60* 0.00 6.38
N Fertilizer 1.49 1.96 0.75 0.44 1.01
P Fertilizer -6.79 5.97 -1.14 0.26 1.97
K Fertilizer -0.26 4.08 -0.06 0.95 1.97
Pesticide -60.07 60.02 -1.00 0.32 1.14
Labor 5.26 2.71 1.94* 0.05 6.31
D1 Education 370.45 448.68 0.82 0.41 1.04
D2 Experience -605.33 358.03 -1.69* 0.09 1.03
S=0.987 R-Sq=64.20% R-Sq(adj)=63.20%
Analysis of Variance
F-Value P-Value
65.31 0.00
Note: * ) significant at the level of 5%
3.4.1 F Count test analysis results

Fcount test is a test used to determine the effect of independent variables simultaneously.
The results of the F test show the Fcount value of 65.31 with a probability of 0.000 at the 95%
confidence level. This shows that the independent variables simultaneously have a significant
effect on the dependent variable.
5
IConARD 2022
3.4.2 Coefficient of Determination
The coefficient of determination is the proportion of the value of the independent

variable studied in influencing the dependent variable. In this study, the resulting R square
of 64.2%, which means that Pontianak Siamese citrus farming is influenced by the variable
number of seeds (X1), Amount of Fertilizer N (X2), Amount of Fertilizer P (X3), Amount of
Fertilizer K (X4), Number of Pesticides (X5), Number of Workers (X6), Education of the
head of the family (D1), Pontianak Siamese citrus farming experience (D2) of 64.2%. The
remaining 35.8% of other variables affect the production of Pontianak Siamese oranges
which were notmentioned in the study.
3.4.3 Factors Affecting the Production of Pontianak Citrus

a. Seeds
From the analysis results, it can be seen that the seeds have a significant effect on Pontianak
citrus farming with a probability value of 0.001 (<0.05) which means Ho is rejected and H1
is accepted. The results of a positive regression coefficient of 16,512 means that for every
1% addition of seeds, citrus farming will increase by 16,512. This shows that the elasticity
of the use of Ep<0 is in the II region or the irrational efficient region.
b. Labor
From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the number of workers has a significant
effect on citrus farming with a probability of 0.05 (<0.05) which means Ho is rejected and
H1 is accepted. The positive regression coefficient is 5.26, which means that for every 1%
increase in the number of workers, there will be an increase in citrus production Pontianak
by 5.26%. This shows that the elasticity of the number of workers is in Region II which
means it is rational and efficient.
c. Farming practice
From the results of the analysis that farming experience has a significant effect on citrus
farming with a probability of 0.09 (<0.05) which means Ho is rejected and H 1 is accepted.
The result of the negative regression coefficient is -605.33 (Due to the 2-sided hypothesis
test, it is considered positive). This means that for every 1% additional farming experience,
there is an increase in Pontianak Siamese citrus production by 605.33 This shows the
elasticity of farming experience in Region II which means it is rational and efficient.
3.4.4 Factors that do not affect the production of Pontianak Siamese oranges
a. Fertilizer N
The amount of N fertilizer had no significant effect on Pontianak e citrus farming with a
probability value of 0.44 (>0.05). This means that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. The
positive regression coefficient is 1.491, which means that for every 1% increase in the amount
of N fertilizer, there will be an increase in production of 1.491%. This indicates that the
elasticity of N fertilizers is in region II or the rational and efficient area.
b. Fertilizer P
The amount of P fertilizer had no significant effect on Pontianak citrus farming with a
probability value of 0.26 (> 0.05). This means that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. The
regression coefficient is negative 6.79, which means that for every 1% increase in the amount
of N fertilizer, there will be a 6.79% decrease in production. This indicates that the elasticity
of P fertilizer is in region III or the irrational region and is inefficient.
6
IConARD 2022
c. Fertilizer K
The amount of K fertilizer has no significant effect on Pontianak citrus farming with a
probability value of 0.95 (> 0.05). This means that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. The
regression coefficient is negative 0.26, which means that for every 1% increase in the amount
of N fertilizer, there will be a 0.26% decrease in production. This shows that the elasticity of
K fertilizer is in the III region or the irrational area and is inefficient
d. Pesticides
The amount of pesticide has no significant effect on Pontianak Siamese citrus farming with
a probability value of 0.32 (> 0.05). This means that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. The
regression coefficient is negative 60.07, which means that for every increase in the number
of pesticides by 1%, there will be a decrease in the production of 60.07%. This shows that
the elasticity of the pesticide is in area III or the irrational area and is inefficient
e. Education of head of household
The education of the head of the household has no significant effect on Pontianak citrus
farming with a probability value of 0.41 (> 0.05). This means that H0 is accepted and H1 is
rejected. The positive regression coefficient is 370.45, which means that for every 1%
increase in the education level of the head of the household, there will be an increase in
production of 370.45%. This shows that the education elasticity of the head of the household
is in area II or the rational and efficient area.
The results of research regarding the production factors of Pontianak citrus farming in
Karangwidoro Village, Dau Subdistrict, Malang Regency, state that Siamese citrus farming
was viable and efficient to produce in the research region, with an average R/C ratio of 2,41.
Pesticides, manure NPK, ZA, and labor are all important factors that affect farm yield [22].
Citrus research was also carried out in Pal VII Village, Berman Ulu Raya District, Rejang
Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. The results showed that the limiting factors for the
productivity of RGL oranges were (1) the environment, especially climate, soil, and pest
attacks. The limiting climatic factor is the high rainfall that has been produced, and (2) the
low nutrient content factor due to not applying the right fertilization technology based on
plant needs. (3) pest and disease factors that reduce the productivity and quality of citrus
fruits. Pests are fruit borer, and scurvy [23]. The results of this study are in line with research
that states that the use of labor has a positive effect on the production of mandarin oranges
[24]. The use of labor and the use of drum fertilizer has a positive effect on the production
of mandarin oranges. While the number of citrus trees, the area of land cultivated does not
affectthe production of mandarin oranges [25].
4 Conclusion
Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the Siam Pontianak citrus
farming business in Sambas District, Sambas Regency is efficient and feasible to operate
with an average R/C value of 2.02. The factors that affect the production of Siam Pontianak
citrus farming in Sambas District, Sambas Regency are seeds, labor, and farming experience,
while those that have no effect are N fertilizer, P fertilizer, K fertilizer, pesticides, and the
education level of the head of the family.
References
1. USDA. Citrus: World Markets and Trade, (2022).
2. Chase, W.G. Proceeding of International Society of Citriculture, 13, 1365-1373 (2006)
7
IConARD 2022
3. BPS-Statistic Indonesia. Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia, (2022)

4. Saphira, K., & Pakpahan, S. (Doctoral dissertation, Riau University), (2017).
5. Mufidah, L., Arshad, F. M., Bach, N. L. & Ibragimov, A. American-Eurasian Journal
of Sustainable Agriculture. 1010 (2016)
6. Taufiq, Ratule & Arry, Supriyanto & Hanif, Zainuri & Hardiyanto.Conference:
International Symposia on Horticulture, (2019)
7. Liu, Y.Q., Heying, E., Tanumihardjo, S.A. Compr Rev Food Sci F.11, 16 (2012)
8. Pusdatin, Center for Agricultural Data and Information System, Secretariate General - the
Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, (2019)
9. BPS, Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2019. BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, (2019)
10. BPS, Analisis Rumah Tangga Usaha Hortikultura di Indonesia. Hasil Survei Rumah
Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura. Sensus Pertanian 2013. BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta,
(2014)
11. Fan, S., Chan‐Kang, C. Agricultural Economics 32, 12 (2005)
12. Ridwan, H.K., Sabari, Basuki, R.S., Sutarya, R., Ruswandi, A., Jurnal Hortikultura 20,7
(2010)
13. Nurhadi. Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian 8, 21-32 (2015)
14. Supriyanto, A., Ratule, M.T., Syakir, M. International Symposium on Tropical Fruits
(ISTF2017) (2017).
15. M.Sembiring. Journal of International Conference Proceedings 4, 9 (2022)
16. M. Romdhon, Andani, A., & Nasari, W. F. Agritropica: Journal of Agricultural
Science, 1, 6 (2018)
17. A.Ijaz, Adil, S.A, Hassan, S, Bakhsh, K., Bashir, M. K., & Abbas, Q. Pakistan Journal of
Agricultural Sciences, 51, 6 (2014)
18. R.M, Groves, F.J.Jr. Fowler, M.P.Couper, J.M.Lepkowski, E.Singer, R.Tourangeau.
Survey Methodology. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2009)
19. D. L. Debertin. Agricultural Production Economics (Second Edition) published by
Macmillan, (2012)
20. Normansyah, D., Rochaeni, S., & Humaerah, A. D. Agribusiness Journal, 8(1), 29-44
(2014)
21. Bhattacharyya, D., R.A. Kan & M. Mitra. Statistics and Probability Letters. 161 (June),
108722 (2020)
22. Agustin, D, I, M., M.N.Soejoni, B.Siswadi. Sengri Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan
Agribisnis. (2021)
23. Siagian, IC., N.Megawati, M Puspitasari, Dinata, W Mikasari, R Hartono, S Yuliasari and
Y Sastro. 1st International Conference on Sustainable Tropical Land Management IOP
Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648 (2021)
24. Regmia, R., Pandeya, S. R., & Regmib, R. Food & Agribusiness Management
(FABM), 1, 6 (2020)
25. A.Karki. Nepalese Horticulture, 137 (2018)
8
AUTHOR STATEMENTS FOR PUBLICATION
The undersigned hereby acknowledge that we are the authors of the paper entitled:
Economic of Pontianak Citrus (Citrus nobilis var.microcarpa) Production in Sambas
Regency, Indonesia published in: E3WS of Conferences 361 02020, (2022);
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236102020
While the significant intellectual contributions of each author to the work are equally
important, their authorships are described as follow:
No Name Authorship
1 Rusli Burhansyah Main author
2 Juliana Carolina Kilmanun Co author
Signatures box
By signing below, authors declare that the information above is correct.
Print name Signature Date
Rusli Burhansyah
09-Dec-2022
Juliana Carolina Kilmanun 09-Dec-2022

E3sconf Iconard2022 02020 SiamPontianak-OK

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

E3sconf Iconard2022 02020 SiamPontianak-OK

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

12/12/22, 8:34 PM E3S Web of Conferences

Journals Books Conferences 

All issues Series

All issues Volume 361 (2022)

 Previous issue Table of Contents Next issue 

Free Access to the whole issue

E3S Web of Conferences

3rd International Conference on Agribusiness and Rural Development (IConARD

Yogyakarta, Indonesia, July 20-21, 2022

Export the citation of the selected articles Export

Statement of Peer review

 Agribusiness  Rural Environment Development

 Agricultural Economic  Agricultural Technology and Smart Farming

Widodo, Susanawati, Masateru Senge, Ammar Abdul Aziz, Yuli Witono, Juwaidah Sharifuddin,

Characteristics and entrepreneurship behavior of strawberry farmers in Serang

Application of the business incubation model to social entrepreneurship programs:

New product development in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise-based

Feasibility study of orange plantation initiatives on state-owned enterprise in

Consumers’ behavior analysis of vegetable e-commerce using the Technology

Effectiveness of Red Chilli Auction Markets in the Production Center of Yogyakarta,

Supply chain analysis of incense in North Tapanuli Regency 01009

Effect of Instagram promotion on consumer purchase intention: evidence from

Customer loyalty toward delivery services at Kedai Ladanya Restaurant, Cianjur

Performance of watermelon farming on coastal land in terms of the

Duck business development strategy in duck farming center area of Indramayu

Mapping of Orange Supply Chain Diversification in Japan 01015

Fitriana Dina Rizkina, Hiroki Kasamatsu, Atsushi Matsuoka, Naruhito Takenouchi and Fefi Nurdiana

Competitiveness of Indonesian Rice Prices in The International Market 01016

The characteristics and potential of the chrysanthemum commodity business and

The Factors Affecting Business Innovation to Improve the MSME Competitiveness in

Navigation of Agribusiness Cooperatives in East Java Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic:

Published online: 29 November 2022

Smallholder farmers behaviour to access bank in an integrated crop-livestock

The Influences of Internal and External Environment on The Performance and

Export Performance and Comparative Advantage of Indonesian Tropical Fruits

The feasibility of large-seeded soybean cultivation 02006

Innovations in healthy citrus garden management to reduce major pests and

Analysis of economic feasibility of assisted tractors in Banten province, Indonesia

Competitiveness of Indonesia's edible-nest swiftlet exports 02010

Feasibility of water apple farming in Demak Regency 02012

The Farmers’ Perception of The Natural Farming System in Bulukumba, East

Feasibility of Dry Land Red Rice Farming in Gunungkidul Regency 02014

Published online: 29 November 2022

Potential development of local varieties of Batabual Arabica coffee in Buru Regency,

Prospects of Chrysanthemum Development in North Sulawesi 02017

The contribution of integrated farming to fulfill the food consumption of Payung

Economic of Pontianak Citrus (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) Production in Sambas

PDF (1.811 MB) References NASA ADS Abstract Service

The Role of Women in Raising Local Chicken on a Household Scale in Minahasa

Acceleration of smallholder plantation development through the development of

Opportunities for the Development of The Oleochemical Industry of Coconut

The Application of TURIMAN JAGOLE Technological Innovation to Increase Crop

Farmers' Interest in Continuing Organic Rice Farming in Yogyakarta 02028

- Rural Environment Development

A Corpus Analysis of Rural Representations in English-language News Media in

Is social capital important in coping with climate change? A case of agriculture

Green behavior activism through rural-based community development 03004

Criteria of pesticide selection in shallot pestdisease control in Brebes Regency,

Youth Community as Initiator, Motivator and Executor in the Climate Village

Empowerment of farmer groups in rice seed business in Purbalingga Regency,

The Effectiveness of The Dissemination Method on Soybean Technology Innovation

Agricultural sector labor migration: case study in Patanas Villages 03012

Communication Process in Empowering The Disabled Group of Argodadi Pinilih in