TEST

COURSE : PHYSICS I/ FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS:

MECHANICS AND HEAT
COURSE CODE : PHY430/433
TEST : 1 JULY 2020
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

1. This question paper consists of four (4) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions and email the scanned copy of your answer to your respective lecturer at
the end of the 2 hours.

3. There is a List of Formula and a List of Constants attached at the end of the test questions.

4. Answer ALL questions in English.

QUESTION 1

a) A typical atom has a diameter of about 1.0  10−10 m. Calculate the approximate
number of atoms that can fit along a 1.0-cm line.
(4 marks)

b) Determine the resultant force on an object when two forces F1 = 4.0 N in the direction
30 West of South and F2 = 12 N to the North are acting on the object.
(8 marks)

c) Determine the time it takes for a car to cross a 30.0-m-wide intersection after the
light turns green, if the car accelerates from rest at a constant 2.00 m/s2.
(6 marks)

d) A projectile is launched with an initial velocity vo at an angle  above the horizontal.

In terms of vo,  and acceleration due to gravity g, determine for the projectile
i) the time to reach its maximum height and
ii) its maximum height.
(7 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) Calculate the tension that a rope must withstand if it is used to accelerate a 1300-
kg box vertically upward at 0.600 m/s2.
(5 marks)
b) A box whose weight is W hangs in equilibrium from three wires as shown in Figure
2. Two of the wires make angles 1 and 2 with the horizontal. Assuming the system
is in equilibrium, determine tension T2 and 2 if W = 250 N , T1 = 180 N and 1 =
50.0o.

1 2
T1 T2

T3

Figure 2

(10 marks)

c) A box of mass 20.0 kg is pulled by the attached cord along the surface of a table
with coefficient of kinetic friction 0.100. The magnitude of the force exerted by the
person is FP = 40.0 N, and it is exerted at a 30.0° angle as shown in Figure 3.
i) Draw the free-body diagram of the box.
Determine
ii) the magnitude of the normal force acting on the box and
iii) the acceleration of the box.

Figure 3
(10 marks)
QUESTION 3

a) A 10.0-g bullet moving at 600 m/s penetrates a tree trunk to a depth of 5.00 cm.
Determine
i) the average frictional force of the tree that stops the bullet.
ii) the time taken between the moment the bullet strikes the tree and the moment
it stops inside the tree, assuming the frictional force is constant.
(9 marks)

b) Two objects with masses m1 and m2 are moving toward each other along the x- axis
with the same initial speeds v0. Initially m1 is traveling to the left and m2 is traveling
to the right. They undergo a glancing collision such that after the collision m1 is
moving in the positive y direction at a right angle from its initial direction and m2 is
moving in a direction 36 below the x-axis. If m1 = 1.0 kg and m2 = 2.0 kg, determine
the final speeds of the two objects in terms of v0.
(8 marks)

c) A disk 10.0 cm in radius rotates at a constant rate of 1 200 rev/min about its central
axis. Determine
i) its angular speed in radians per second,
ii) the tangential speed at a point 3.00 cm from its centre, and
iii) the radial acceleration of a point on the rim.
(8 marks)

QUESTION 4

a) The human femur bone breaks if compressive stress greater than 1.50 × 108 N/m2
is imposed on it. Assuming the Young’s modulus for bone is 1.50 × 1010 N/m2,
determine
i) the maximum force that can be exerted on the femur bone in the leg if it has
a cross-sectional area of 4.90 × 10−4 m2.
ii) by how much does a 0.400 m long bone shorten if this maximum force is
applied compressively to the bone.
(6 marks)

b) A geologist finds that a moon rock whose weight in air is 91.0 N has an apparent
weight of 61.0 N when fully submerged in water. Determine the density of the rock.
(7 marks)
c) An object connected to a spring with a force constant of 35.0 N/m oscillates with an
amplitude of 0.040 m on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Determine the total energy
of the system.
(3 marks)

d) An ideal gas initially at 250 K undergoes an isobaric expansion at 3.00  103 Pa. If
the volume increases from 1.00 m3 to 3.00 m3 and 15.0  103 J is transferred to the
gas by heat, determine
i) the work done by the gas,
ii) the change in its internal energy and
iii) its final temperature.
(9 marks)

END OF TEST QUESTIONS

LIST OF FORMULA
M
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟 u 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
k 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
1
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2𝑎𝑡 2 𝑣2 a 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑎= 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 =
𝑟 s 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜2 + 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) 𝑎 = 𝜔2 𝑟 u 𝐹
r 𝑃=
𝐴
𝑣 + 𝑣𝑜 𝜔 = 𝜔𝑜 +a𝛼𝑡 𝐹𝑏 = 𝑊𝑑𝑓
𝑣̅ = 1
2 t
𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 = 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 2
2

𝑚𝑣 2 𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝐴𝑣
𝐹=
𝑟

𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁 𝜏 = 𝐼𝛼 1 2
𝑃+ 𝜌𝑣 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ
2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑎
𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑⃗ 𝛼= 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝜃
𝑟
1
𝐾 = 2𝑚𝑣 2 1 2 𝑄 = 𝑚𝐿
𝐾= 𝐼𝜔
2
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔 𝑊
𝑃=
𝑡
 1 1
𝑈 = 2𝑘𝑥 2 ∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑊 + 𝑄
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 𝑀𝑅 2
2
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈 2 𝑊 = 𝑃∆𝑉
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝑀𝑅 2
5
𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑣⃗ ∆𝐿 = 𝛼𝐿𝑜 Δ𝑇
𝐿
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚1 𝑚2
(∑ 𝐹⃗ ) Δ𝑡 = Δ𝑝⃗ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝐹=𝐺
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑟2

LIST OF CONSTANTS

Acceleration due to gravity of the earth, g 9.80 m/s2

Young’s modulus for steel 200  109 N/m2
Specific heat capacity of water 4,186 J/kg.K
Specific heat capacity of ice 2,090 J/kg.K
Specific heat capacity of steam 2,010 J/kg.K
Specific heat capacity of lead 128 J/kg.K
Latent heat of fusion of water 3.33  105 J/kg
Latent heat of vaporization of water 2.26  106 J/kg
Density of water 1,000 kg/m3
Pressure of 1 atm 1.01  105 Pa