TYPES OF PUBLIC

ORGANISATIONS
 AUTHORITY

PUBLIC

2
 AUTHORITY

PUBLIC

3
 AUTHORITY PUBLIC

4
5
6
7
8
 WHAT GIVES POWER

RESOURCES

9
 Economics is the
study
of how societies use
scarce resources to
produce valuable
commodities and
distribute them among
different people.

10 https://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2000/july/economics-economists/
11
 Behind this definition are two key ideas:

that goods are scarce and that society

must use its resources efficiently.

12 https://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2000/july/economics-economists/
 Social Culture
and Economics
HOW YOU CHOSE THE LEADERS HOW YOU CONTROL THE
LEADERS
Birth
Absolute Monarchy
Elders
Parliamentary Monarchy
Party
Presidential
Directly
Two echelons (Senate, Parliament)
By representatives

13 You can keep the Credits slide or mention SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.
 Social Culture
and Economics
HOW YOU CONTROL THE LEADERS
Absolute Monarchy
Parliamentary Monarchy
Presidential
Two echelons (Senate, Parliament)
14 You can keep the Credits slide or mention SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.
 Social Culture
and Economics
BASIC TENETS OF SOCIETY
Individualism
Socialism
Personalism

15 You can keep the Credits slide or mention SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.
 Social Culture
and Economics

SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Democracy

16 You can keep the Credits slide or mention SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.
 Social Culture
and Economics
WITH RELATION TO ECONOMY
Liberal / Capitalistic
Centralised / Socialist / Marxism
Personalist / Third way

17 You can keep the Credits slide or mention SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.
1. Liberalism
FPPT.com
 Adam Smith 1723-1790

By preferring the support of domestic to that of

foreign industry, he intends only his own
security; and by directing that industry in such a
manner as its produce may be of the greatest
value, he intends only his own gain, and he is
in this, as in many other cases, led by an
invisible hand to promote an end which was no
part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse
for the society that it was no part of it. By
pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes
that of the society more effectually than when he
really intends to promote it.
19
 John Stuart Mill
1806-1873

“The only freedom which

deserves the name, is that of
pursuing our own good in our
own way, so long as we do
not attempt to deprive others
of theirs, or impede their
efforts to obtain it.”
20
21
23
24
Government for Individualist
26
28
 2 SOCIALISM
29
30
 1. ALIENATION
2. INSECURITY
3. SALARIES DIVERSITY
4. BOOM & BLAST
5. BAD FOR CAPITALIST

31
32
 Economic Principles

Goods and services would be produced for their usefulness

Goods and services are produced directly for use
Production is therefore "planned" or "coordinated"
The ownership of the means of production varies in different socialist theories
State
Cooperatives
Communities
The goal of socialist economics is to neutralize capital to guarantee equality
33
Socialistic Interpretation
The common
good is
what assist
each
person to
become the
best
person he
Joseph Stalin, 1879-1953
or she can
be.
Socialistic Interpretation

The theory of the

Communists may be
summed up in the
single sentence:
Abolition of private
property
KARL MARX, The Communist Manifesto
 Socialistic Interpretation

Our mutual value is

for us the value of
our mutual objects.
Hence for us man
himself is mutually
of no value

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Archipelago Gulag;

Marx, Comment on James Mill (1844) and One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich
1818 –1883
Socialistic Interpretation
The Communists disdain to conceal their
views and aims. They openly declare that
their ends can be attained only by the
forcible overthrow of all existing social
conditions.
Let the ruling classes tremble at a
communist revolution.
The proletarians have nothing to lose but
their chains. They have a world to win.
Working Men of All Countries, Unite!
Marx & Engels, Communist Manifesto (1848)
 3 PERSONALISM
42
 Jacques Maritain 1882-1973

Man is a political animal, which

means that the human person
craves political life, communal
life, not only with regard to the
family community, but with
regard to the civil community
The Rights of Man (1945). London: Geoffrey Bles, pp. 7–8.
43
 WHAT IS TO BE HUMAN?

WHAT IS AT STAKE IS
HOW WE UNDERSTAND
WHAT IS TO BE
HUMAN?

44
 What is common to Adam Smith and Karl Marx ?

ADAM SMITH, man is determined by the

economic laws

KARL MARX, man is determined by the

economic laws

45
 Man, as individual, relates to the state as a part to
the whole, and that makes him subordinate to the state.
In this relation, the good of the whole, i.e., the state,
transcends and takes precedence over the good of the
individual.

And that is why the citizen, in times of crisis, might be

asked to sacrifice his individual good for the sake of the
preservation of the common good of the state, even
though the good to be sacrificed may be the supreme
good which is his very life.

46
 Man as a person: now he relates to the state as a
whole to a whole. Man, as person, is superior to
the state, and consequently, the good of the person
transcends the good of the state.

The ultimate good of the person is spiritual, being

nothing less than eternal life, whereas the good of the
state, the common good, is temporal. This should not
mean that the two goods are in conflict, however, for,
ideally at least—i.e., in a just state—the superiority of
the spiritual good of persons will be honored by the
state.

47
 The triumph of anthropocentric humanism was uniquely
expressed in the dominating presence of bourgeois liberalism,
which blossomed in the 19th century and continued to assert itself
into the 20th century until it was met by two belligerent social
phenomena, which were themselves mutually antagonistic:
Communism and totalitarian anti-Communism, the latter
exemplified by Fascism and Nazism.

What these three phenomena had in common was that they all
made open war against the person.

48
 “Democracy is the only way of bringing about a moral
rationalization of politics. Because democracy is a
rational organization of freedom founded upon law”

freedom,
the recognition of the full range of rights by all
parties concerned,
representative government,
fraternal charity,
unquestionable supremacy of the moral law.

49
 Since the end of the Cold War, we
have seen the rise of ‘personalist’
rule – where power is highly
concentrated in the hands of a
single individual. Personalist
regimes now account for 40% of all
authoritarian regimes.
From Chávez’s Venezuela to Kiir’s
South Sudan, personalist rule has
been an increasingly recognizable
mode of authoritarian rule.
However, these regimes pose
significant challenges to
democracy and international peace
and security. Natasha Lindstaedt
50
 Consequently
Man is not free in economics

Morality is not real

51
 Contrarily
Man is freedom

Man is social

Cooperation beats individuality

52
 That’s it for today!

Relax tonight

53