National Webinar on

“ArtificiAl intelligence in heAlthcAre Delivery”

in view of
Universal Health Coverage Day
12th December 2022
Organized by
Department of Community Medicine
In collaboration with
Center for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence and Research (CHAIR)
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (NAAC A++), Puducherry
Meaningful AI for healthcare- A
functional approach
Dr.Arunkumar Annamalai
Founder and principal scientist
Deep Medicine Labs
Chennai, India
 Key takeaways from this session
Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence for doctors Functional perspective
(What you can and you cannot do with AI)
Our session has five major areas of discussion

How to get
What is AI/
started with AI Benefits Use cases Q&A
What it is not
as a doctor
 Section 1:
What is AI/ What it is not
The great identity crisis
The relationship status of doctors with AI

Expectation Reality
What is not an AI
• An app is not an AI
• Data is not an AI
• Software is not an AI
• Device is not an AI
• Any health technology is not an
AI
AI has an algorithm for decision making/
problem solving
What are we expecting AI to do?
a) Enhance practice
b) Improve clinical decision
making
c) Help better outcomes for
patients and caregivers
Conclusion

AI is just
ANOTHER TOOL
in a doctor’s hand
 Section 2:
How to get started with AI as a
doctor?
Usual questions that I get!
• Where to start ?
• What all should I learn?
• Do I need hours of coding practice?
• Do I need to master complex mathematical concepts?
Let us compare this with another invention
• We know how to use an x-ray
machine
• We know how to interpret the
images
• We know how to arrive at
meaningful conclusions with
that image
• We know how to make patient-
centric decisions
Let us use the same logic to using an AI
• We know how to use an AI
• We know how to interpret an AI
findings
• We know how to arrive at
meaningful conclusions with
the findings
• We know how to make patient-
centric decisions with the help
of AI
Five things to Know before starting
a) Do I have the time and interest to learn something new?
b) What is an algorithm?
c) What should I do with an algorithm?
d) How to build an algorithm?
e) What not to do when starting with AI
Self-check first based on time and interest
• Definitely • Collaborate
this is for with others
you
Time not
Interest
available
and Time
but I have
available
interest

No No
interest interest
but I have
time No time
• There is no • Definitely
harm in not for you
exploring
What is an algorithm?
 If you are a doctor, you can encounter an
algorithm in two ways
Either someone has already built an algorithm and you You see a problem statement and think of building an
are going to use it algorithm for that

I have a
problem
statement

Safety Efficiency
Build by
Collaborate
yourself
 Where to start?

Do’s Don'ts
• Identify problem statement • Jump into coding/programming
• Start with research • Get certified as a data scientist
• Interact with stakeholders • Waste money
• Find projects to work with
• Find a mentor
• List all solutions
List all possible solutions and analyze using
this framework
Section 3:
Benefits
What do I get out of this?
Is it really worth it?
Few possible benefits
• Learning in all directions
• Publish research papers
• Interesting and fulfilling
• New solutions for old problems
• Create a business model and make money
Section 4:
Use cases
Automatic cough classification for tuberculosis screening
in a real-world environment

Pahar M, Klopper M, Reeve B, Warren R, Theron G, Niesler T. Automatic cough classification for tuberculosis screening in a real-world environment.
Physiol Meas. 2021 Nov 26;42(10):10.1088/1361-6579/ac2fb8. doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac2fb8. PMID: 34649231; PMCID: PMC8721487.
 Detection of COVID-19 from voice, cough and breathing
patterns

• Despotovic V, Ismael M, Cornil M, Call RM, Fagherazzi G. Detection of COVID-19 from voice, cough and breathing patterns: Dataset and preliminary results. Comput
Biol Med. 2021 Nov;138:104944. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104944. Epub 2021 Oct 13. PMID: 34656870; PMCID: PMC8513517.
 Using retinal imaging to detect schizophrenia

Appaji, A., Harish, V., Korann, V., Devi, P., Jacob, A., Padmanabha, A., ... & Rao, N. P. (2022). Deep learning model using retinal
vascular images for classifying schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 241, 238-243.
 AI-Enabled Depression Prediction Using Social Media

Owusu PN, Reininghaus U, Koppe G, Dankwa-Mullan I, Bärnighausen T. Artificial intelligence applications in social media for depression screening: A systematic review
protocol for content validity processes. PLoS One. 2021 Nov 8;16(11):e0259499. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259499. PMID: 34748571; PMCID: PMC8575242.
In all the use cases
• Common problems
• Uncommon data
• Different perspective and approaches
Section 5:
Q and A
 National Webinar on
“ArtificiAl intelligence in heAlthcAre Delivery”
in view of
Universal Health Coverage Day
12th December 2022
Organized by
Department of Community Medicine
In collaboration with
Center for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence and Research (CHAIR)
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (NAAC A++), Puducherry