Evaluation Reforms Hindi

University Grants Commission
QUality mandate
Objectives All Higher Education Institutions
shall strive by 2022 to:
Improve the graduate outcomes
improve the graduate outcomes for the students
Promote student linkages with to ensure that they get access to employment/self-
society and industry employment or engage themselves in pursuit of
Train students in professional &
higher education.
soft skills
promote linkage of students with the society
Teacher Vacancy not to exceed 10 and industry to ensure that at least 2/3rd of the
% of sanctioned strength students engage in socially productive activities
and get industry exposure during their period of
All HEIs to obtain minimum NAAC study in the institutions.
score of 2.5 by 2022
train the students in essential professional and life
Initiatives to be undertaken by HEIs skills such as team work, communication skills,
leadership skills, time management skills etc;
1. Student Centric Initiations including Induction inculcate human value sand professional ethics,
Programme for students - Deeksharambh. and the spirit of innovation/ entrepreneurship and
critical thinking among the students and promote
2. Learning Outcome based Curriculum Framework avenues for display of these talents.
(LOCF)- revision of curriculum at regular intervals.
ensure that vacancies of teaching posts at
3. Use of ICT based learning tools for effective any point of time do not exceed 10% of the
teaching-learning process including MOOCs and sanctioned strength; and 100% of the teachers
online degrees.
are oriented about the latest and emerging trends
4. Imparting Life Skills (Jeevan Kaushal) to students. including ICT in their respective domains of
knowledge, and the pedagogies that disseminate
5. Social and Industry connect for every institution: their knowledge to the students.
Every institution shall adopt at least 5 villages for
exchange of knowledge and for the overall social/ every institution shall get NAAC accreditation
economic betterment of the village communities. with a minimum score of 2.5 by 2022.
University-Industry linkages to be promoted to
improve employability.
Initiatives to be taken by HEIs
6. Evaluation Reforms-test the concept, and
application Social and Industry
ICT based Tools connect
7. Student Career Progression and Alumni Network. Online Learning Regular Curriculum
Mentoring of Revision (LOCF)
8. Faculty Induction Programme (FIP), Annual non-accredited
Refresher Programme in Teaching (ARPIT) and Instititions Deeksharambh-
Leadership Training for Educational Administrators (PARAMARSH) Student Induction
Programme
(LEAP). Quality research
by Faculty (CARE Life Skills for
9. Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research for India’s STRIDE) Students (Jeevvan
Developing Economy (STRIDE) and Consortium Kaushall)
for Academic & Research Ethics (CARE). Faculty Induction
Programme (FIP) Evaluation Reforms
10. Mentoring of non-accredited institutions & ARPIT
(PARAMARSH). Alumini Network
www.ugc.ac.in @ugc_india
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx

xq.koÙkk vfèkns’k
mís'; mPprj f'k{kk laLFkku ¼HEIs½ xq.koÙkk lq/kkj gsrq
fuEufyf[kr mís';ksa dks 2022 rd izkIr djus
Nk=ksa ds fy, Lukrd ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kkj dk iz;kl djsaxs
Nk=ksa dk lekt @ m|ksx oxZ ds lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, Lukrd ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kkj] ftlls dh muesa ls
lkeatL; de ls de 50 çfr'kr fo|kFkhZ vius fy, jkstxkj@ Lo&jkstxkj
Nk=ksa dks vko’;d O;kolkf;d vkSj O;ogkj lqjf{kr dj ldsa] ;k mPp f'k{kk çkIr djus ds fy, tk,¡A
dkS’ky
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk lekt@m|ksx oxZ ds lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir djuk
;g lqfuf’pr djuk fd f’k{kd fjfä;k¡ ftlls fd de ls de nks&frgkbZ Nk=] laLFkkuksa esa vius v/;;u
Lohd`r {kerk ls 10% ls vfèkd u gksa
ds nkSjku] lkekftd xfrfof/k;ksa es Hkkxhnkjh dj ldsaA
o"kZ 2022 rd] izR;sd laLFkku dks U;wure
2-5 dk NAAC Ldksj vftZr djuk g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vko';d O;kolkf;d vkSj O;ogkj dkS'ky dk
çf'k{k.k iznku dju tSls lkewfgd dk;Z] lEçs"k.k dkS'ky] usr`Ro
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa }kjk fuEufyf[kr igy dh tkuh gSa %& dkS'ky] le;&çca/ku dkS'ky vkfn es ikjaxr djuk] ekuoh;
ewY;ksa ,oa O;olk;xr uhfr;ksa dk lapkj djuk] uoçorZu @
1- fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, vkjafHkd izsj.k dk;ZØe&nh{kkjaHkA m)e'khyrk rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa es lekykspukRed fparu dh Hkkouk
2- v/;;u& fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr ikBîØe jpuk&fu;fer varjky ij dks tkxzr djuk rFkk bu çfrHkkvksa ds çn'kZu ds fy, volj
ikBîØe esa ifj'kks/ku ¼loCf½A çnku djukA
3- çHkkoh f'k{k.k&vf/kxe çfØ;k gsrq lwpuk ,oa lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ;g lqfuf'pr djuk dh f'k{kd fjfä;ksa esa fdlh Hkh le; ij]
dk ç;ksx djuk &MooC] vkSj vkWuykbu mikf/k;k¡A Lohd`r {kerk ds 10 çfr'kr ls vf/kd dh o`f) ugha gks rFkk
'kr&çfr'kr f'k{kd vius lacfU/kr Kku {ks= esa uohure ,oa
4- fo|kfFkZ;ksas gsrq O;kogkfjd dkS'ky&thou dkS'ky mHkjrh tkudfj;ksa ,oa f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa dk Kku j[krs gksa] ftlls
5- çR;sd laLFkku gsrq lekftd ,oa m|ksx oxZ ls laidZ] çR;sd oks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks çHkko'kkyh rjhds ls fo"k; dks le>k ldsaA
laLFkku] Kku ds ijLij vknku&çnku rFkk xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa o"kZ 2022 rd] çR;sd laLFkku] U;wure 2-5 çkIrkadksa
dh lexz lkekftd@vkfFkZd leqUufr gsrq de ls de 5 xkoksa lfgr jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu ,oa çR;k;u ifj"kn ¼NAAC½ }kjk
dk vfHkxzg.k djsxkA fu;kstu ;ksx;rk eas lq/kkj djus ds fy, çekf.kr gksA
fo'ofo|ky;&m|ksx ds chp laidZ dks c<+kok nsukA
mPprj 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa }kjk dh tkus okyh igy
6- ijh{kk ç.kkyh esa lq/kkj&ifjdYiuk dh tkap ,oa vuqç;ksxA
lwpuk ,oa lapkj lekt ,oa m|ksx
7- ikBîØe ds iwjk gksus ds i'pkr] fo|kfFkZ çxfr dh tkudkjh izkS|ksfxdh vkèkkfjr f'k{k.k oxZ ls laidZ fu;fer varjky ij
j[kuk o iwoZ Nk= usVodZA ;a=&vkWuykbZu KkuvtZu ikB;Øe esa ifj'kks/ku
xSj izR;kf;r ¼LOCF½
8- ladk; izsj.kk dk;ZØe ¼fIP½ f'k{k.k esa okf"kZd iqUk'p;kZ laLFkkuksa dks ijke'kZ
dk;ZØe ¼ARPIT½ rFkk f'k{kk iz'kkldksa ds fy, usr`Ro nh{kkjaHk&fo|kFkhZ izsj.kk
nsuk ¼ijke'kZ½ dk;ZØe
izf'k{k.k ¼lEAP½A
ladk; }kjk
xq.koÙkk iw.kZ 'kks/k fo|kFkhZ;ksa ds fy,
9- Hkkjr dh fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, ijk&fo|k laca/kh
¼CARE, STRIDE½ ^thou dkS'ky*
vuqla/kku ;kstuk ¼STRIDE½ vkSj dUlksZfV;e QkWj ,dsMsfed
,aM fjlpZ ,fFkDl ¼CARE½ ladk; izsj.kk dk;ZØe ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj
¼FIP½ vkSj ifjdYiuk
10- xSj izR;kf;r laLFkkuksa dks ekxZn'kZu miyC/k djkuk ¼ijke'kZ½ ¼ARPIT½ iwoZ&fo|kFkhZ usVodZ
Operational Guidelines
Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research
for India’s Developing Economy
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa
S T R I D E ewY;kadu lq/kkj
July, 2019
fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx
cgknqj'kkg tQj ekxZ] ubZ fnYyh&110002
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002
Website: www.ugc.ac.in
Stride Guidelines.indd 1 08-07-2019 21:04:53

© fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx
uoEcj] 2019
lfpo] fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx] cgknqj 'kkg t+Q+j ekxZ] ubZ fnYyh&110002 }kjk izdkf'krA
panw izsl] Mh& 97] 'kdjiqj] fnYyh& 110092] Qksu% $919810519841] 011&22526936
bZ&esy% chandupress@gmail.com }kjk fMtkbZu vkSj eqfnzr fd;k x;kA
2 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

çkDdFku
xq.koÙkk vf/kns'k igy ds fgLls ds :i esa] fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us orZeku ewY;kadu ç.kkyh esa lq/kkj gsrq
lq>ko nsus ds fy, ,d lfefr dk xBu fd;k FkkA ;Fkks fpr fopkj&foe'kZ] ijke'kZ vkSj fgr/kkjdksa ls çkIr lq>koksa
dks 'kkfey djus ds i'pkr lfefr us ewY;kadu lq/kkj ij ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dh gSA ^^mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu
lq/kkj^^ uked bl fjiksVZ dks 'kS{kf.kd leqnk; dks lefiZr djrs gq, eq>s xkSjo dh vuqHkwfr gks jgh gSA
;g fjiksVZ bl rF; ij cy nsrh gS fd lkFkZd lh[kus dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, ewY;kadu dks ^lh[kus ds
ifj.kkeksa* vkSj ^laLFkkxr y{;ksa*ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A bl fjiksVZ dk lkj ;g gS fd vkdyu çfØ;k esa 'kSf{kd dk;ZØe
ds nkSjku Nk= }kjk lh[kus ds ifj.kkeksa] çkIr Kku] fodflr –f"V dks.k vkSj egkjr gkfly fd, x, dkS'ky dk
ijh{k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bldk mís'; Nk=ksa ds fu"iknu ds ^lrr ewY;kadu^ ds lkFk mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa
ekStwnk ewY;kadu ç.kkyh esa lq/kkjdj ds ^Nk= dsafær lh[kus^ dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
eSa lfefr ds v/;{k vkSj lnL;ksa dks muds cgqewY; le; vkSj fof'k"V ;ksxnku ds fy, /kU;okn nsrk gwa ftlds
ifj.kke Lo:i ;g egRoiw.kZ nLrkost+ rS;kj gqvk gSA
eSa lHkh fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds dqyifr;ksa vkSj 'kSf{kd lekt ls vuqjks/k djrk gwa fd os ewY;kadu lq/kkj fjiksVZ esa fufgr
vuq'kalk,a ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, vko';d dne mBk,aA

¼çksŒ /khjsUæ iky flag½

ubZ fnYyh v/;{k
uoEcj] 2019 fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 3

fo”k; lwph

Hkwfedk.................................................................................................................................................... 7
‘kCnkoyh................................................................................................................................................ 8
izLrkouk ............................................................................................................................................ 10
orZeku ijh{kk iz.kkyh ...........................................................................................................................11
varjjk”Vªh; ifjn`’;...............................................................................................................................12
ewY;kadu lq/kkjksa ds fy, ewyk/kkj. ..........................................................................................................13
ewY;kadu lq/kkj
1- ifj.kke vk/kkfjr f’k{kk vkSj ewY;kadu dh :ijs[kk .................................................................................14
2- ewY;kadu ds Lo:i . .............................................................................................................................23
3- ewY;kadu #fczd . ..................................................................................................................................31
4- ckg~; vkSj lrr~ vkarfjd ewY;kadu i)fr;ka .......................................................................................33
5- ØsfMV iz.kkyh vkSj xzsfMax .....................................................................................................................36
6- iz’u cSad . ............................................................................................................................................39
7- vuq’kks/ku .............................................................................................................................................41
8- rduhdh laca/kh gLr{ksi dk mi;ksx ......................................................................................................42
9- ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk ...............................................................................................................................44
vuq'kalk,a .............................................................................................................................................46
lanHkZ xzaFk..............................................................................................................................................50
ifjf’k”V&1.............................................................................................................................................. i
ifjf’k”V&2............................................................................................................................................iv
ifjf’k”V&3........................................................................................................................................xviii

Hkwfedk
fo ’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us Hkkjr esa mPprj f’k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ‘kSf{kd lq/kkj djus ds fy,
fofHkUUk igy dh gSaA Þf’k{k.k ifj.kkeÞ ij vk/kkfjr ikB~¸kp;kZ dk fodkl vkSj mlesa fu;fer :i ls
la’kks/ku fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk vkjaHk dh vusd xq.koŸkk igy esa ls ,d gSA blds
lkFk&lkFk] ewY;kadu lq/kkj vxys izeq[k ehy dk iRFkj gSa ftUgsa izkIr fd;k tkuk gSA Nk=ksa dk ewY;kadu djus dh
orZeku iz.kkyh esa dqN lhek,a gSa] ftlds dkj.k ewY;kadu iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj djus dh vko’;drk dks izklafxd cuk
fn;k gSA rFkkfi] ewY;kadu eq[;:i ls viukbZ xbZ f’k{k.k i)fr vkSj KkuvtZu ds rjhdksa ls tqM+k gksuk pkfg, vkSj
fLFkfr ds vuqdwy ifjorZuh; gksuk pkfg,A
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk xfBr lfefr dh fjiksVZ dk mÌs’; mu {ks=ksa dh vksj /;ku vkdÆ”kr djuk
gS] ftu ij /;ku fn, tkus dh vko’;drk gS vkSj ewY;kadu djus dh i)fr;ksa esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, laLFkkuksa
}kjk viuk, tkus okys rjhds vkSj lk/ku miyC/k djk, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA f’k{kk iz.kkyh esa ewY;kadu ,d
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA ewY;kadu dks vkSj vf/kd lkFkZd cukus ds fy,] bl fjiksVZ esa dbZ igyqvksa ij fopkj
fd;k x;k gSA loZizFke] ewY;kadu dks ÞKkuvtZu ds ifj.kkeksaÞ ls tksM+us dh vko’;drk eglwl dh xbZ FkhA ;g
nLrkost KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ vk/kkfjr <+kaps dk dh flQkfj’k vkSj izLrko djrk gS rkfd ewY;kadu dh lajpukc) djds
bls laLFkkxr mÌs’;ksa ls tksM+k tk ldsA ;g visf{kr fØ;kdykiksa vkSj dk;Z mRiknksa] ewY;kadu ds ekWMy dks fofuÆn”V
djrk gS vkSj ewY;kadu esa fu”i{krk c<+kus ds fy, :fczDl dh Hkwfedk dk [kkdk rS;kj djrk gSA
ewY;kadu ds vf/kd O;kid n`f”Vdks.k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] ;g nLrkost+ visf{kr KkuvtZu fo’ks”krkvksa ij fopkj
djds ewY;kadu ds fofHkUUk Lo:iksa dks Hkh ‘kkfey djrk gS vkSj bls pkj lewgksa esa oxhZ—r fd;k x;k gSA vkarfjd
ewY;kadu i)fr ds vk/kkj ij ijh{k.k ds vf/kd vuqikr dh vko’;drk ij Hkh i;kZIr /;ku fn;k x;k gSA nLrkost
esa mi;ksx dh xbZ xzsÇMx iz.kkyh vkSj fopkjk/khu xzsÇMx iz.kkyh ij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k gSA ;g vuq’kks/ku izfØ;k
vkSj ewY;kadu izfØ;k ds nkSjku vuq’kks/ku djus ds egRoiw.kZ igyw ij Hkh /;ku dsafær djrk gSA
iz’u cSad f’k{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu nksuksa dks ,dh—r djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA ;g nLrkost iz’u cSad iz.kkyh ds
dk;kZUo;u ij cy nsrh gS] tks vusd fo’ks”kKksa dk lg;ksxkRed iz;kl gksrk gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i vPNh xq.koŸkk
okys iz’u i= rS;kj fd, tk ldsaxsA izkS|ksfxdh us gesa vkthou KkuvtZu djus ds rjhds iznku fd, gSa vkSj
izkS|ksfxdh esa ikjaifjd d{kk i)fr;ksa dks c<+kok nsus vkSj KkuvtZu vkSj ewY;kadu fof/k;ksa esa Økafr ykus dh {kerk
gSA ,d KkuvtZu izca/ku iz.kkyh vkSj ijh{kk izfØ;k ds iz’kklfud vk;kstu] nksuksa ds fy, izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx dh
flQkfj’k dh xbZ gSA
;g vk’kk dh tkrh gS fd ;g nLrkost ewY;kadu lq/kkjksa dh fn’kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne mBkus esa ,d mi;ksxh
ekxZn’kZd ds :i esa dk;Z djsxkA

‘kCnkoyh
 ewY;kadu ls rkRi;Z% KkuvtZu ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ,d= djus] fjd‚fMaZx] vad iznku djus] o.kZu vkSj O;k[;k
djus dh çfØ;k ls gSA
 izek.ki=@fMIyksek@mikf/k ls rkRi;Z% fdlh dk;ZØe esa larks”ktud miyfC/k vkSj miyfC/k ds ckn çnku dh
tkus okyh mikf/k@;ksX;rk ls gSA
 ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼CLOs½ ls rkRi;Z% ;g ,sls ifj.kke@ Kku gSa ftls çR;sd Nk= dks çR;sd
ikBîØe ¼fo”k;½ ds iwjk djus ij var esa çkIr gksus dh vk’kk dh tkrh gSA
 ØsfMV% ikBîØe dk;Z dh ekiu dh bdkbZA çR;sd ikBîØe dks ml ikBîØe ds fy, Nk= }kjk iznku fd,
tkus okys le; ds vuqikr esa ØsfMV vkoafVr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
 ikB~;Øe% f’k{kk vkSj@ vFkok çf’k{k.k dh ,d cqfu;knh bdkbZ gSA ,d ikBîØe vFkok ikBîØe dk laxzg
v/;;u dk ,d dk;ZØe cukrk gSA
 lap;h xzsM IokbaV vkSlr ¼Cgpa½% lsesLVjksa esa Nk= }kjk iath—r lHkh ikBîØeksa esa çkIr xzsM vadksa dk Hkkfjr
vkSlrA
 dfBukbZ lwpdkad% ¼,d ç’u dk½ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds ,d vuqikr dk ,d eki] ftUgksaus ç’u dk lgh mÙkj fn;kA
 HksnHkko lwpdkad% ¼,d loky dk½ bl ckr dk ,d mik; fd ç’u fdrus vPNs rjhds ls mu Nk=ksa ds chp
varj djus esa l{ke gS] tks tkudkj gSa] vkSj tks ugha gSaA
 ewY;kadu ijh{kk vkSj ewY;kadu ds ek/;e ls ,df=r fd, x, lk{;ksa vkSj fuoZpuksa vkSj lger gq, ekunaMksa ds
vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; ysus dh çfØ;k gSA
 ijh{kk f’k{kkFkhZ ds çn’kZu dk ,d ek=kRed eki gS vkSj vkerkSj ij ‘kS{kf.kd l= ;k lsesLVj ds var esa
vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSSA
 fu"i{k ewY;kadu% ,d ewY;kadu ftlls fdlh Nk= dks dksbZ c<+r ugha feyrh vFkok uqdlku ugha igqaprk gSA
 xzsM IokbaV% çR;sd v{kj xzsM ls tqM+k la[;kRed vadA
 xzsM IokbaV ,ojst ¼gpa½% çR;sd ikB+;Øe esa çkIr fd, x, la[;kRed xzsM IokbaV dks ØsfMV dh la[;k ls
xq.kk djds x.kuk dh xbZ vkSlr ij vk/kkfjr ‘kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dh x.kuk djus dh ç.kkyhA
 xzstq,V ,VªhC;wV~l ¼gas½% O;fäxr :i ls vkdyu ;ksX; ifj.kkeksa dk ,d lsV gS tks ml dk;ZØe esa l{kerk
izkIr djus ds fy, Lukrd dh {kerk dk ladsr gSA
 KkuvtZu ifj.kke vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ¼lobe½% ifj.kkeksa ds iwoZ&fu/kkZfjr lsV ds vk/kkj ij Nk=ksa ds çn’kZu dks
ekius ds fy, Nk=&dsafær KkuvtZu Ik)fr dk ikyuA
 v{kj xzsM% ,d ikBîØe esa ,d Nk= }kjk çkIr okLrfod vadksa ds ifjorZu ds ifj.kkeLo:i çn’kZu dk
lwpdkadA
 ifj.kke% mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku esa f’k{kk ds fy, okafNr ifj.kke% Nk=ksa dks D;k irk gksuk pkfg, vkSj D;k djus
esa l{ke gksuk pkfg,\

‘kCnkoyh
 dk;ZØe% ikBîØeksa dk ,d laxzg] ftlesa ,d Nk= ukekafdr gksrk gS vkSj tks ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd çek.ki=@
fMIyksek@ fMxzh iznku ds fy, vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa ;ksxnku nsrk gSA
 dk;ZØe f'k{kk mÌs'; ¼peos½% O;kid fooj.k] tks ;g n’kkZrs gS fd Lukrd djus ds dqN o”kZ i’pkr~ Lukrdksa
}kjk fdl pht esa Hkkx ysus dh D;k mEehn gSA
 dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼plos½% os dk;ZØe ds var esa ,d Nk= ds Kku] dkS’ky vkSj vfHko`fÙk dk
çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA
 ç'u cSad% fdlh fo”k; ij xq.koÙkk;qDr iz’uksas dk HkaMkjA
 iquewZY;kadu% ,d igys ls gh ‘kq) dh xbZ mÙkj fLØIV dh iqutkZap djukA
 iathdj.k% ,d çfØ;k ftlds ek/;e ls Nk= lsesLVj vFkok e‚Mîwy ds nkSjku pqus tkus okys ikBîØeksa dk
p;u djrs gSaA
 ifj.kke% ,d ewY;kadu@ fu/kkZj.k dk ifj.kke ftls vyx&vyx :iksa esa O;ä fd;k tk ldrk gS tSls vad]
xzsM] thih,] vkfnA
 fo'oluh; ewY;kadu% ,d ikBîØe vkSj ,d dk;ZØe ds fy, ,d gh KkuvtZu ds ifj.kke ds laca/k esa ,d
gh vkSj@ vFkok vU; ewY;kadudrkZvksa }kjk fd, x, ewY;kadu esa fLFkjrk lqfuf’pr djrk gSA
 #fczd ¼ewY;kadu #fczd½% ewY;kadu ds fy, ,d :fczd] ftls *Ldksfjax xkWbM* Hkh dgk tkrk gS] ;g ,d ,slk
lk/ku gS ftldk mi;ksx ekunaM vkSj ekudksa ds le{k fdlh Hkh rjg ds dk;Z ds fy, Nk=ksa dh O;k[;k vkSj
xzsfMax djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
 lsesLVj xzsM IokbaV vkSlr ¼Cgpa½% fdlh fn, x, lsesLVj esa ,d Nk= dk çn’kZuA
 Nk=% fo’ofo|ky; fofu;eksa ds rgr izos’k ikus okys vkSj iath—r O;fDrA
 ikB~p;kZ% ‘kS{kf.kd ikBîØe esa ‘kkfey fo”k;ksa dh :ijs[kkA
 çfrys[k% fdlh Nk= ds ‘kSf{kd fjd‚MZ dh çekf.kr çfrA

izkLrouk
oS f’od vFkZO;oLFkk }kjk lrr~ ifjorZu dh yxkrkj ekax dks /;ku esa j[kdj Hkkjr esa mPprj f’k{kk] ifjorZu
ds pj.k ls xqtj jgh gSA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds Rofjr fodkl dh orZeku nj] ftlesa dfri; {ks=ksa] eq[;r%
lsok {ks= esa] bl o`f) ds dkj.k ifjorZu rFkk fodkl dh j¶rkj dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, ekuo lalk/ku ij
Hkkjh ncko iM+ jgk gSA vr% ns’k esa mPprj f’k{kk ds le{k ;g pqukSrh gS fd og viuh ;qok vkcknh ds dkS’ky izkIr
lalk/ku dk fuekZ.k djs rkfd ifjorZu vkSj fodkl dh laHkkouk dks ^ryk’kk tk ldsA blds cnys esa] Ik;kZIr rFkk mPp
xq.koÙkk okyh f’k{kk iz.kkyh iznku djus esa lgk;rk djus esa ljdkj dks egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+sxhA
vxys nl o”kZ esa yxHkx 30 izfr’kr ds ldy ukekadu izfr’kr rd o`f) djus ds mís’; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ns’k
esa orZeku fLFkr 700 ls vf/kd fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds nksxqus fo’ofo|ky;ksa dh vko’;drk gksxhA blls u dsoy visf{kr
ukekadu vuqikr dh izkfIr lqfuf’pr gks ldsxh] cfYd ml le; mPprj f’k{kk izkfIr ds bPNqd yk[kksa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
Hkh ‘kkfey fd;k tk ldsxkA
lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ ljksdkj ek=kRed o`f) ek= ugha gS] cfYd ;g Hkh lqfuf’pr djuk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa u, ;qx
ds m|eksa ds fy, 21oha lnh dk dkS’ky gks vkSj os dk;Z lapkyu ds ifj”—r rjhdksa esa vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkk,aA bldh
izkfIr gsrq ;g vko’;d gS fd ljdkj rFkk mPprj f’k{kk {ks= nksuksa eas mR—”Vrk rFkk fu;kstuh;rk ij /;ku dsfUnzr
djsaA bu ekspksZa ij ,d l’kDr iz.kkyh ds fuekZ.k fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gS tks xq.koÙkk ds ekiu rFkk vuqj{k.k
dh vko’;drkvksa dk /;ku j[ksA viuh l’kDr iz.kkyh ds lkFk mPprj f’k{kk {ks= dks f’k{kkFkhZ& dsfUnzr gksus ij vf/
kd /;ku nsuk pkfg, vkSj ‘kks/k ds ek/;e ls KkuktZu dh vksj mUeq[k gksuk pkfg, rFkk xq.koÙkk ds lrr~ lq/kkj esa
iz;kljr gksuk pkfg,A
uokpkj rFkk izkS|ksfxdh izsjd gks ldrs gSa tks Hkkjrh; mPprj f’k{kk dh cgq visf{kr ekU;rk iznku fd, tkus dks rst+
dj ldrs gSaA vc izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx lqdjdrkZ ds :Ik esa fd;k tk jgk gS] ;|fi] bls vHkh u;k&u;k yk;k x;k gS]
dqN o”kksZa iwoZ ftlds ckjs esa lkspk Hkh ugha tk ldrk FkkA NksVs ekWM~;wyksa esa f’k{kk iznku djus ds fy, fMftVy KkuvtZu
dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fMftVy KkuvtZu fof/k rFkk vkWuykbu KkuvtZu i)fr ds ek/;e ls {kerk laca/kh eqÌksa
dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA tkap vkSj ewY;kadu ds ekunaMksa ij iqu% fopkj fd, tkus rFkk mudk iquvZuqdwyu fd,
tkus dh vko’;drk gS rkfd vxyh ih<+h ds Kku dkfeZdksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldsA c<+rh gqbZ vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy,
vko’;d visf{kr dkS’ky ds fuekZ.k gsrq fMftVy ekspsZ dk mi;ksx dj ewY;kadu lk/kuksa ds laiw.kZ u, iz:Ik dk mi;ksx
fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA ijarq mfí”V KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa ds ek/;e ls mPp Js.kh ds visf{kr dkS’ky dh izkfIr ds
bPNqd mPprj f’k{kk ikB~;Øe esa ukekadu fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,dh—r iz;kl ls dqN fof’k”V fof/k esa enn feysxhA

orZeku ijh{kk iz.kkyh
Hkk jr esa vHkh rd mPprj f’k{kk eq[;r% ijh{kk mUeq[kh jgh gSA fo’ofo|ky; lajpuk esa orZeku f’k{kk
i)fr] Lej.k KkuvtZu dh tkap djrh gSA vf/kdka’k ekeyksa esa ijh{kk iz.kkyh izR;sd l= vFkok o”kZ
ds var esa ckº; vafre fo’ofo|ky; vk;ksftr ijh{kk ls lac) gksrh gS vkSj ;g dsoy ewY;kadu dk
mís’; iwjk djrk gSA bl iz.kkyh esa fo|kFkhZ cgq/kk Kku ds vUos”k.k] [kkst ds mRlkg rFkk KkuvtZu ds vkuUn
ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA
izk;% vad] izfr’kr rFkk Js.kh dk mYys[k djus okyh ijh{kk iz.kkyh ds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lrgh fopkj’khy
tkudkjh dks vlaosnu’khyrkiwoZd jVuk iM+rk gSA bl izdkj] f’k{k.k& KkuvtZu izfØ;k ds nkSjku lrr~
ewY;kadu ij cgqr de /;ku fn;k tkrk gS vkSj lkjk /;ku vafre ijh{kk ij nsrs gq, laiw.kZ f’k{k.k vkSj KkuvtZu
f’k{kk’kkL= dk mi;ksx csgrj vad dh izkfIr gsrq fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh rS;kjh ds mís’; ls fd;k tkrk gS vusd voljksa
ij fo’ofo|ky; ls Lukrd iwoZ] LukrdksÙkj vFkok ih,pMh dh mikf/k izkIrdrkZvksa dks ljdkjh vFkok futh
{ks=ksa esa ukSdjh ds fy, Lohdkj fd, tkus ds iwoZ fyf[kr ijh{kk nsuh iM+rh gSA bl izdkj] mPprj f’k{kk iz.kkyh
esa ukekafdr fo|kFkhZ tc f’k{kk iwjh dj ckgj vkrs gSa] rks mUgsa visf{kr Lrj dk Kku vkSj fo’ks”kKrk izkIr ugha
gksrh gSA
vkof/kd ijh{kk lkekU;r% ,sls iz’u i=ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gS ftuds }kjk dkS’ky ds :Ik esa dsoy Lej.k’kfDr
dh tkap dh tkrh gSA iz’ui= rS;kj fd, tkus dh fof/k ls laLFkku rFkk blds lnL;ksa dh ‘kS{kf.kd xq.koÙkk
ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA vr%] iz’ui= vk/kkfjr vkof/kd ijh{kk nsdj mlds mÙkj fy[ks tkus dh fuHkZjrk ewY;kadu
ds ,dy Lo:Ik dh =qfV n’kkZrk gS ¼vf/kdka’k vad vof/k ds var esa ijh{kk esa izkIr vadksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSa½
iz’ui= ds iSVuZ vkSj fMtkbu dk fu/kkZj.k izR;sd fo”k; ds fy, ml ikB~;Øe lfefr }kjk fd;k tkrk gS tks
iz’ui= lsV djus okyksa rFkk ewY;kadudrkZvksa dh fu;qfDr ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSA fdlh fo’ofo|ky; ds
ijh{kk foHkkx }kjk iz’u i=ksa dh vko’;drk ,d lrr~ izfØ;k gS] vr%] bldh lrr~ vko’;drk ds dkj.k rS;kj
fd, x, iz’ui= dh xq.koÙkk ls dnkfpr le>kSrk Hkh gks ldrk gSA
Hkkjh la[;k esa ijh{kkFkhZ gksus ds dkj.k lac) fo’ofo|ky;ksa ij l= ds var esa ijh{kk vk;ksftr djus okyh e’khujh
dk dkQh ncko gksrk gSA rS;kj fd, x, iz’u i=ksa dks eqfnzr dj mu fofHkUu ijh{kk dsUnzksa esa Hkstk tkrk gS tks
dqN nwjh ij fLFkr gksrs gSa vkSj lHkh dsanzksa esa ,d lkFk ijh{kk vk;ksftr djus ds fy, laHkkjra= laca/kh lgk;rk
dh t:jr gksrh gSA rRi’pkr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh mÙkj iqfLrdkvksa dks mfí”V dsUnzh;—r ewY;kadu dsUnzksa esa igqapk;k
tkrk gSA mfí”V ewY;kadu dsUnzksa ls izkIr izR;sd fo”k; ds vad dks izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dh vad rkfydk esa ‘kkfey
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj blesa ifj’kq)rk ds lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkh visf{kr gksrk gS fd ;g dk;Z lhfer le; esa iwjk gks
tk, rkfd ijh{kk ifj.kke le; ij ?kksf”kr fd;k tk ldsA

varjjk”Vªh; ifjn`’;
;wukbVsM fdaxMe ¼uk½ esa xq.koÙkk vk’oklu leh{kk esa fo|kFkhZ ewY;kadu dh igpku ljksdkj ds eq[; {ks= ¼qaa
2014½ ds :i esa dh xbZ] tcfd vjc ns’kksa ds undp {ks=h; C;wjks esa 23 fo’ofo|ky;ksa dh xq.koÙkk ys[kkijh{kk esa
;g crk;k x;k fd
--------- ewY;kadu] fo’ks”kdj rhu lanHkksZa eas] ewY;kadu vHkh Hkh ,d detksjh cuh gqbZ gSA izFker% o.kZukRed Kku dks
Lej.k fd, tkus ij cgqr vf/kd cy fn;k tkrk gSA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd mPprj Lrj ds laKkukRed dkS’ky dh
tkap ds fy, dkQh dqN fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA rhljh ckr ;g gS fd vad iznku djus dh izfØ;k esa fu”i{krk
vkSj ikjnf’kZrk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, oLrqr% ckº; vFkok vkarfjd dksbZ Hkh vuq’kks/ku ugha gSA ¼undp@rbas
vkjch,,l 2006%5½
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vadksa ,oa Jsf.k;ksa dks Ø; ‘kfDr ,oa O;; ‘kfDr ls izkIr gksus okyh oLrqvksa ds :Ik esa ns[kus dk izpyu
c<+rk tk jgk gSA oecd ds fu”d”kksZa ds vuqlkj fo’ofo|ky; ds fo|kFkhZ ;g le>rs gSa fd ‘kqYd esa fd, tkus okys
fuos’k ls mUgsa thou Hkj izfrQy feysxkA
25 oecd ns’kksa rFkk lgHkkxh vFkZO;oLFkk okys ns’k btjkby esa fo’ofo|ky; dh fMxzh rFkk mUur ‘kks/k f’k{kk
izkIr O;fDr;ksa dh vk; mu O;fDr;ksa dh vk; ls de ls de 50 izfr’kr vf/kd Fkh ftudh mPpre f’k{kk mPprj
ek/;fed Lrj ls de FkhA ¼oecd 2007 d%6½
if’peh ns’kksa esa vf/kdka’k fo’ofo|ky; rFkk mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ewY;kadu ^^i<+kus okys gh ewY;kadu
djsa** fl)kar dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, iw.kZr% vkUrfjd ewY;kadu i)fr ds vk/kkj ij dj jgs gSaA if’peh ns’kksa esa
viuk;h x;h iz.kkyh dks iwjh nqfu;k esa Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj bu ns’kksa ls i<+dj vkus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds fMxzh /kkjdksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd egRo fn;k tkrk gSA

ewY;kadu lq/kkjksa ds fy, ewyk/kkj
Hkkjr esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh thou&o`fÙk ds pquko] lgh mPprj ;ksX;rk rFkk izkIr Kku ds Lrj ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq ijh{kk,a ,d
fu.kkZ;d dkjd gSaA oSf’od Li/kkZRed ‘kfDr;ka rFkk m|ksx esa vojks/kksa dh ygj ds dkj.k ekuo lalk/ku ds dkS’ky
dh vko’;drk rFkk fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerkvksa ds laca/k esa O;kid ifjorZu gq, gSa vkSj bl dkj.k tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa dk;Z djus dk cgqr vf/kd ncko iM+k gSA
ijarq fo’ofo|ky; i)fr esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk orZeku ewY;kadu fpark dk fo”k; gSA ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ds mís’; ls
foxr esa xfBr dbZ lfefr;ksa us ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa ifjorZu dh flQkfj’k dh gSA vHkh ekud ds :Ik esa vafre ijh{kk
ds laca/k esa ,d gh izfreku gksrk gS vFkok ;g yk[kksa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds HkkX; dk fu/kkZjd gksrk gS ftlls lq>k, x,
ifjorZuksa dk cgqr gh de izHkko iM+sxkA l= ds var esa yh tkus okyh ijh{kk] tks vusd ekeyksa esa] izR;sd ijh{kk rhu
?kaVs dh gksrh gSa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Hkfo”; ds fu/kkZj.k dk ,dek= lk/ku gksrk gSA
orZeku ijh{kk iz.kkyh dsoy Lej.k&‘kfDr ds dkS’ky dh tkap djrh gSA fdlh Hkh o`fÙk dh ;g vis{kk gksrh gS fd
fo|kFkhZ u dsoy tkudkjh izkIr djs] cfYd pkgs useh gks vFkok tfVy] gj ifjfLFkfr esa vius Kku dk iz;ksx djsA
vr,o] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij bl ckr dk ncko iM+rk gS fd og viuh {kerk dk lokZf/kd mi;ksx dj dk;Z djds fn[kk,A
vkt dh pqukSrhiw.kZ ifjfLFkfr esa Lej.k ‘kfDr tfur dkS’ky dh t:jr iM+ ldrh gS] ij ;g Ik;kZIr ugha gSA Kku
ds vuqiz;ksx ds dkS’ky vFkok fo’ys”k.k] l`tu] ewY;kadu tSlh mPprj {kerk ds dkS’ky ds ewY;kadu dh vko’;drk
gSA
ewY;kadu ds ekudhdj.k esa Hkh dqN [kkfe;ka gSa D;ksafd cqf) vkSj {kerk ds laca/k esa izR;sd fo|kFkhZ fHkUu gksrk gSA
blfy, ^^,d vkdkj lHkh ds fy, mi;qDr cSBrk gS** dh rjg ekiu lk/ku ;gka lQy ugha gksxk] D;ksafd ;g
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh okLrfod ;ksX;rk ,oa {kerk ugha vkad ik,xkA
orZeku Lo:i esa ijh{kk,a & ijh{kk&iwoZ rFkk ijh{kk&Ik’pkr~ nksuksa ifjfLFkfr esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ncko ,oa nqf’park mRiUu
djrh gSA blds lkFk dnkpkj dk Hkh eqík tqM+k gqvk gS ftldk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh {kerk ij izHkko iM+rk gSA
vr% ewY;kadu iz.kkyh dh fo’oluh;rk ,oa mlds ifj.kke lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, lq/kkj dh furkar vko’;drk
gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds HkkX; fu/kkZjd ds :Ik esa fdlh ,dy Å/okZ/kj fof/k dh vis{kk vf/kd {kSfrt ewY;kadu fof/k;ksa dh
vko’;drk gSA lHkh izdkj dh f’k{kk ;kfu vkeq[k vkSipkfjd :Ik ls ysdj eqDr vkSj nwjLFk f’k{kk fof/k vkfn rd
ds fy, ijh{kk esa lq/kkj dk y{; gksuk pkfg, rkfd leh{kkRed fparu] leL;k lek/kku dh ;ksX;rk] Kku dk lgh
iz;ksx rFkk uSfrd ewY;ksa dks cuk, j[kus ds laca/k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa lexz fodkl gksA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
1- ifj.kke vk/kkfjr f’k{kk vkSj ewY;kadu dh :ijs[kk
1-1 mPprj f’k{kk & uhfr fodkl esa dfri; ;ksxnku
mPprj f’k{kk uhfr dks le>us ds fy,] mPprj f’k{kk iz.kkyh ds O;k[;kRed lajpukRed ekWMy ¼ISM
vkbZ,l,e½ dks ns[ksaA blesa 93 vo;oksa ¼fp= 1 vkSj fp= 2½ dh igpku dh xbZ gS ftlesa izklafxd laca/k ^^ds
QyLo:i** ds lkFk lksikfud lajpuk ds :i esa pkj mi&iz.kkfy;ka ‘kkfey gSaA uhfr vo;o ifj.kke vk/kkfjr
f’k{kk vkSj ewY;kadu gsrq :ijs[kk fuekZ.k dk vk/kkj rS;kj djrs gaSA
fe’ku mís’; lajpuk ¼lajpuk ds fy, ns[ksa www.dei.ac.in½ ds ‘kh”kZ ij gS vkSj ;g lokZaxh.k fodkl ls ;qDr
O;fDr dk fuekZ.k djsxk ,oa blesa pkj mi&iz.kkfy;ka gSa ;Fkk ¼1½ y{; vkSj mís’; ¼2½ ‘kS{kf.kd & ikB~;p;kZ
laca/kh fo’ks”krk,a ¼3½ laxBukRed uhfrxr lgk;rk ¼4½ ljdkjh uhfrxr lgk;rkA
igyh mi&iz.kkyh& y{; vkSj mís’;& ftuds vo;oksa dk C;kSjk uhps fn;k x;k gS vifjorZuh; gSA nwljh
mi&iz.kkyh uker% ‘kSf{kd ,oa ikB~;p;kZ fo’ks”krk] ftueas de ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gS] esa ‘kkfey miiz.
kkyh gSa% ckSf)d dk;Zdyki] lkekftd dk;Zdyki vkSj ikB~;p;kZ tks lesfdr] O;kid vkSj vUrj&fo”k;h gSA
LukrdiwoZ ikB~;Øe dh d{kk esa v/;;ujr fdlh fo|kFkhZ dks u dsoy fu;fer ikB~;p;kZ dk v/;;u djuk gS]
cfYd og ekufodh esa ikB~;Øeksa ds ek/;e ls yksdrkaf=d izfØ;kvksa vkSj Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk Hkh Kku vftZr
djrk gS] Hkkjrh; laL—fr] /keZ dk rqyukRed v/;;u] lkekU; Kku] oSKkfud dk;Z i)fr vkSj dk;kZuqHko esa ewy
ikB~;Øe dk v/;;u djrs gSa vkSj ikB~;sÙkj dk;Zdykiksa ;Fkk lekt lsok] [ksydwn] lkaL—frd vkSj lkfgfR;d
dk;Zdykiksa esa Hkkx ysrk gSA fofHkUu ‘kSf{kd dk;Zdykiksa ls u dsoy ‘kSf{kd mís’; izkIr gksrs gSa] cfYd fo|kfFkZ;ksa
esa uSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed ewY; ,oa lkekftd laosnuk Hkh fodflr gksrh gSA uhfr esa fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa ,oa mís’;ksa
dh rqyuk esa iz.kkyh dh xq.koÙkk dh fuxjkuh gsrq mPp dk;Z fu”iknu Lrj ekudksa dks rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS
rFkk rRi’pkr~ nh xbZ tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij mi;qDr ifjorZu fd, tkrs gSa rkfd ,d laiw.kZ O;fDr dks rS;kj
djus dk mís’; iwjk gks ldsA ewyHkwr fl)karksa ij cy fn;k x;k gS vkSj blesa lrr~ ewY;kadu iz.kkyh] l=
iz.kkyh rFkk xzsfMax iz.kkyh gSA i;kZoj.k ds lkFk iz.kkyh dh ikjLifjd fØ;k gksrh gS] tSls foLrkj ifj;kstuk
rFkk m|ksx& laLFkku ikjLifjd fØ;kA bl izdkj bu lk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls KkuktZu gksrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
Lo;a dks fdlh ,d vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk”kk& rsyqxw] rfey] mfM+;k] ckaXyk vFkok fdlh fons’kh Hkk”kk tSls :lh]
Ýsap] teZu ls ifjfpr gksus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA
rhljh mi&iz.kkyh&laxBukRed uhfr lgk;rk gS] blesa vf/kd ifjorZu fd, tk ldrs gSaA fo|kfFkZ;ksas dks
ikB~;Øesrj vkSj ikB~;srj xfrfof/k;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh fd;s tkus vkSj mipkjh v/;kiu dh uhfr;ka gSaA laxks”Bh]
i= iBu] lewg ppkZ vkfn ds ek/;e ls KkuktZu ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA rhu izeq[k ‘kS{kf.kd fo”k;ksa] 50 izfr’kr
vf/keku vkSj oSdfYid fo”k;ksa dks ykxw djds vkSipkfjd KkuvtZu vFkok vkSipkfjd f’k{kk dk izko/kku gSA
csgrj ;ksX;rk okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, f’k{kk ds ,d Lrj ls nwljs Lrj esa tkus ds fy, ikf’oZd izos’k dk Hkh
izko/kku gSA vukSipkfjd rFkk futh f’k{kk dk Hkh izko/kku gSA vukSipkfjd f’k{kk ls nwjLFk f’k{kk esa lq/kkj gksxk
vkSj futh f’k{kk ls vkHkklh f’k{kk vFkok lkbcj f’k{kk esa lq/kkj gksxkA
pkSFkh mi&iz.kkyh gS& vfHk’kklu uhfr lgk;rk& ftlesa mPprj f’k{kk laLFkkuksa esa iz.kkfy;ksa ,oa izfØ;kvksa dks
ykxw fd;k tk,xk rkfd visf{kr ifj.kke izHkkoh rFkk dq’kyrkiwoZd izkIr fd, tk ldsaA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
KkuvtZu ds fy, lqlfTtr iz;ksx’kkyk] foKku dsUnz] v/;kiu lk/ku dsUnz rFkk vk/kqfud iqLrdky; ds :i
esa vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA Nk= dY;k.k laca/kh mik;ksa ds varxZr fu%’kqYd vFkok fdQk;rh
f’k{kk vkSj lgk;rk iznku dh tkrh gSA deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, lsok&dky ds nkSjku izf’k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dj
rFkk mUgsa ‘kkjhfjd ,oa euksoSKkfud ifjos’k iznku dj mUgsa izf’kf{kr vkSj vfHkizsfjr fd;k tkrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds fy, O;kolkf;d ekxZn’kZu ,oa lykg rFkk izf’k{k.k ,oa fu;kstu izdks”B Hkh gSaA fo’ofo|ky; ds uhps ds
laLFkku&rduhdh rFkk lkekU; ‘kSf{kd laLFkku nksuksa ls fo’ofo|ky; ds lkFk tqM+us dk izko/kku gS vkSj ;g
i’pkuqca/ku iznku dj fo’ofo|ky; dks fo’ofo|ky; ls de ntsZ okys bu laLFkkuksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fdlh
fo’ofo|ky; esa izos’k djus gsrq rS;kjh djus esa lgk;rk djrk gS vkSj ;g mPprj Lrj ds ‘kSf{kd mi&iz.kkyh
}kjk vkjaHk fd, x, fo’ofo|ky; ds uhps ds bu laLFkkuksa esa izk;ksfxd dk;Z djus esa lqdj cukrk gSA oafpr
O;fDr;ksa rFkk detksj oxZ ds leqnk;ksa ,oa izfrHkkoku fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, fo’ks”k iz;kl fd, tkrs gSaA
mPprj f'k{kk uhfr iz.kkyh gsrq vkbZ,l,e

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fp= 1 % mPprj f’k{kk uhfr iz.kkyh gsrq vkbZ,l,e

¼fp=&1 vxys i`”B ij tkjh½

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ladsrk{kj
I) mÌs’; vkSj y{; II) 'kSf{kd iz.kkyh
1½ dq’ky vkSj Kkuh O;fä 1½ ,dh—r vkSj O;kid vk/kkj
2½ ckSf)d ‘kfä 2½ var% fo”k;d n`f”Vdks.k
3½ HkkoukRed ifjiDork 3½ ‘kkjhfjd fØ;kdyki
4½ uSfrd ewY; 4½ ckSf)d fØ;kdyki
5½ lk/kkj.k thou’kSyh 5½ lkekftd fØ;kdyki
6½ fuLokFkZ lsok 6½ mPp izn’kZu ekud
7½ uezrk 7½ dojst dh lhek
8½ lR;rk 8½ lksp ds gky ds #Ökku
9½ Lora= lksp 9½ f’k{kkfonksa dh ,dkxzrk
10½ rdZ {kerk 10½ eq[;:i ls O;kolkf;d vkSj rduhdh
11½ lkekU; Kku 11½ izk—frd foKku esa lhfer fo’ks”kKrk
12½ lh[kus dh vknr 12½ lkekftd foKku esa lhfer fo’ks”kKrk
13½ oSKkfud LoHkko 13½ QkmaMs’ku ikB~¸kØe vkSj ewY; iz.kkyh
14½ f’k{kk dh xq.koŸkk 14½ QkmaMs’ku ikB~¸kØe tSls /keZ dk rqyukRed v/;;u
15½ Je dh xfjek 15½ QkmaMs’ku ikB~¸kØe tSls lkekU; Kku
16½ vkRe fuHkZjrk 16½ {ks=xr vuqHko ¼[ksrksa esa dk;Z djus dk vuqHko½
17½ var%fo”k; vuqHko 17½ {ks=xr vuqHko ¼QSDVªh esa dk;Z djus dk vuqHko½
18½ jk”Vªh; laL—fr vkSj fojklr dk :Ökku 18½ okf.kfT;d izfr”Bku esa dk;Z djus dk vuqHko ¼dk;Z vuqHko½
20½ fofo/krk ds izfr lfg”.kqrk 19½ —f”k dk;Z laca/kh izpkyu
21½ jk”Vªh; ,drk 20½ xzke fodkl dk;ZØe
22½ xzkeh.k thou dks leÖkuk 21½ Nk= laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa esa yksdrkaf=d izfØ;k,a
23½ oxZ vkSj tkfr jfgr lekt 22½ Hkkjrh; lafo/kku vkSj vU; izdkj dh ljdkjsa
24½ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk 23½ lg& ikB;Øe fØ;kdyki
25½ vkÆFkd iz.kkyh 24½ lkaL—frd fØ;kdyki
26½ lkekftd ck/;rk,a vkSj vko’;drk,a 25½ ekSfyd vkSj cqfu;knh fl)kar
27½ ukxfjd lnkpkj 26½ ‘kSf{kd iz.kkyh vkSj i;kZoj.k ds chp varl±ca/k
28½ vf/kdkjksa dk lEeku 27½ voyksdu }kjk lh[kuk
29½ drZO; vkSj nkf;Ro dk fuoZgu 28½ fo’ys”k.k }kjk lh[kuk
30½ mPp uSfrd pfj= 29½ Kku izkfIr }kjk lh[kuk
30½ lrr ewY;kadu
31½ funsZ’k ds ek/;e ds :i esa Çgnh
32½ vaxzsth esa l{kerk
33½ ,d vU; vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk”kk
III) laxBu
1½ fu’kqYd@lLrh f’k{kk 17½ gkWch lsaVj
2½ ‘ehUl VsLV’ ds ek/;e ls lgk;rk 18½ f’k{k.k midj.k
3½ mipkjkRed f’k{k.k 19½ xzaFkky;
4½ laxksf”B;ksa ds ek/;e ls KkuvtZu 20½ {ks= vuqHko ds fy, —f”k QkeZ
5½ izk;ksfxd dk;Z ds ek/;e ls KkuvtZu 21½ {ks= vuqHko ds fy, y?kq m|ksx
6½ lewg xfrfof/k;ksa ds ek/;e ls KkuvtZu 22½ {ks= vuqHko ds fy, okf.kT; vkSj lsok izfr”Bku
7½ isij jhÇMx l=ksa ds ek/;e ls KkuvtZu 23½ lsok ds nkSjku izf’k{k.k dk;ZØe vkSj vfHkfoU;kl ikB~¸kØe
8½ ppkZvksa ds ek/;e ls KkuvtZu 24½ f’k{kdksa dks izsfjr djus ds fy, i;kZIr ‘kkjhfjd fLFkfr
9½ izca/ku esa Nk= Hkkxhnkjh vkSj lg&ikB~; fØ;kdykiksa dks vk;ksftr djuk 25½ f’k{kdksa dks izsfjr djus ds fy, i;kZIr ekufld ifjos’k
10½ izca/ku esa Nk= Hkkxhnkjh vkSj ikB~¸ksŸkj fØ;kdykiksa dks vk;ksftr djuk 26½ Nk=ksa dk O;kolkf;d ekxZn’kZu vkSj ijke’kZ
11½ izeq[k ‘kS{kf.kd fo”k; 27½ fo|ky; dks fo’ofo|ky; Lrj ds egkfo|ky; ds lkFk tksM+uk
12½ ik’oZ izos’k 28½ detksj oxks± dh ck/;rkvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, fo’ks”k iz;kl
13½ xSj&vkSipkfjd f’k{kk 29½ fu’kä O;fä;ksa dh ck/kkvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, fo’ks”k iz;kl i`”BHkwfe
14½ futh f’k{kk 30½ izfrHkk’kkyh Nk=ksa ij fo’ks”k /;ku nsuk
15½ vPNh rjg ls lqlfTtr dk;Z’kkyk@iz;ksx’kkyk,¡
16½ foKku dsaæ

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
y{;ksa vkSj mís’;ksa dks lesfdr fd, tkus ls vUrr% ,d loZrksUeq[kh O;fDr ds fuekZ.k dk y{; izkIr gksrk gSA y{;ksa
,oa mís’;ksa ds 30 vo;oksa ds laca/k esa pkj igyqvksa ij bl izdkj fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gS%
d- 'kSf{kd mís’; [k- uSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed ewY;

1- ckSf)d cy 10- HkkokRed ifjiDork
2- lkekU; Kku 11- uSfrd ewY;
3- oSKkfud :>ku 12- lknk thou
4- Lokoyacu 13- fu%LokFkZ lsok
5- varj&fo”k;h vuqHko 14- fou;’khyrk
6- vfHko`fÙk 15- lR;okfnrk
7- Lora= fparu 16- Je dk egRo
8- rkfdZd ;ksX;rk 17- mPp uSfrd vkpj.k
9- KkuvtZu dh vknr
x- lkekftd laosnu'khyrk ?k- xq.koÙkk
18- jk”Vªh; laL—fr vkSj fojklr 30- f’k{kk dh xq.koÙkk
19- fofo/krk ds fy, lfg”.kqrk
20- jk”Vªh; ,drk
21- xzkeh.k thou dk cks/k
22- oxZ foghu rFkk tkfr foghu lekt
23- jktuhfrd iz.kkyh
24- vkfFkZd iz.kkyh
25- lkekftd ‘kfDr;ka vkSj vko’;drk,a
26- ukxfjd cks/k&Kku
27- vf/kdkjksa dk lEeku
28- ck/;rkvksa ds drZO; vkSj fuoZgu
29- mPp uSfrd vkpj.k
fp= 2& y{;ksa vkSj mís’;ksa ds vo;o
1-2 fu”d”kZ vk/kkfjr f’k{kk dk KkuvtZu vkSj ewY;kadu

fu”d”kZ vk/kkfjr f’k{kk dk KkuvtZu vkSj ewY;kadu ¼LOBE½ ^^fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk D;k djuk egRoiw.kZ gS] ikB~;p;kZ]
funs’kksa rFkk ewY;kadu djus dks lqO;ofLFkr cukus gsrq Li”V Nfo iznku djus rFkk ml egRo dk fgek;r djrh gS
ftlls ;g lqfuf’pr gks lds fd varr% KkuvtZu gks ldsA** ,yvkschbZ ds varxZr egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fcanq esa fuEuor
lfEefyr gSa%
• lHkh fgr/kkjd lewgksa dh izfØ;k Hkkxhnkjh }kjk fudkl fu"d"kksZa dks ifjHkkf"kr djukA
• lHkh egRoiw.kZ fu"d"kZ {ks=ksa esa okLrfod fo|kFkhZ KkuvtZu ds laca/k esa fu;fer fjiksVZ iznku djus gsrq fu"iknu
vkSj ekudksa dks iquiZfjHkkf"kr djukA
• leL;k rFkk fo"k; vk/kkfjr varoZLrq ij /;ku dsfUnzr djrs gq, Hkfo"; vk/kkfjr ikB~;p;kZ dk iqufuZekZ.k rFkk
lHkh izeq[k lkeF;Z vk;keksa ds lkFk fo|kFkhZ dh {kerk dk lrr~ fodklA
• O;fDr;ksa rFkk KkuvtZu nyksa }kjk cgq&fof/kd lfØ; KkuvtZu ij yxkrkj cy nsrs gq, vusd izdkj ds
vkUrfjd vkSj ckº; fo'ks"kKksa }kjk ^^mPp fofu;kstu@mPp dk;Zdyki** okyh d{kkvksa dk fuekZ.k djukA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
• fo'oluh; vkSj okLrfod oSf'od ifjn`'; esa dk;Z djrs gq, KkuvtZu dks izksRlkfgr djuk rFkk mPp
izkS|ksfxdh ls ySl lk/kuksa ,oa vuqiz;ksxksa ds O;kid mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsukA
• lqfo/kkvksa] lkefxz;ksa rFkk KkuvtZu lalk/kuksa rd foLrkfjr igqap ds lkFk dsfUnzr KkuvtZu vkSj lalk/ku dsUnzksa
dks c<+kok nsukA
LikMst ¼1988½ }kjk izLrqr KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ¼LObE½ ekWMy esa dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ
¼PLOs½ ds egRo ij cy fn;k tkrk gS tks ikB~;p;kZ rS;kj djus gsrq egRoiw.kZ dkjd dk dke djrk gS rFkk
fu"d"kZ ds lHkh Lrjksa] vFkkZr~ ikB~;Øe fu"d"kZ] ,dd fu"d"kZ vkSj ikB fu"d"kZ dks fn'kk iznku djrk gSA KkuvtZu
fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr f'k{kk] KkuvtZu mi;qDr funsZ'k ds mi;ksx ij /;ku dsfUnzr djus esa lgk;rk djrh gS rFkk v/;kiu
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh thou&o`fÙk esa izxfr rFkk fu;kstu dh fn'kk esa v/;kiu rFkk KkuvtZu izfØ;k dks laxfBr djrk gSA
v/;kiu] mi;qDr ewY;kadu i)fr;ksa ds p;u vkSj fuekZ.k esa lgk;d gksrk gS rFkk dk;ZØeksa dks fu"d"kksZa dh iznf'kZr
miyfC/k ds vk/kkj ij iznku fd;k tkrk gSA KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr f'k{kk dk eq[; n'kZu] fu"d"kksZa ds iwoZ fu/
kkZfjr leqPp; ij vk/kkfjr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fu"iknu ds ekiu gsrq iz;qDr fo|kFkhZ dsfUnzr KkuvtZu i)fr ij vk/
kkfjr gksrk gSA KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ds vU; egRoiw.kZ ykHk gSa ikB~;p;kZ :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj fd;k tkuk
rkfd og fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr gks] 'kSf{kd lalk/kuksa dk lrr~ dksfV mUu;u] 'kks/k vkSj v/;kiu dh xq.koÙkk esa o`f)]
v/;kiu&KkuvtZu izfØ;kvksa esa izkS|ksfxdh dk lesdu] fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa bl ckr dh Li"Vrk fd dk;ZØe iwjk gksus ds
i'pkr~ muls D;k vis{kk dh tkrh gS vkSj f'k{kdksa esa Hkh ;g Li"Vrk gks fd mUgsa D;k i<+kuk gS] dSls i<+kuk gS vkSj
dSls ewY;kadu djuk gS] ml ij /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k tk,A
pwafd] dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ ikB~;p;kZ dks rS;kj djus] ewY;kadu ds funsZ'k@ifjnku rFkk lapkyu djrk gSA bldk
ekiu] lac) {kerkvksa rFkk fu"iknu lwpdksa ¼PI½ ds vfHkKku }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ
ds fy, {kerk dk vfHkKku vfuok;Z gS D;ksafd blls ;g le>us esa lgk;rk feyrh gS fd fo|kFkhZ D;k izkIr djuk
pkgrk gSA izR;sd {kerk ds fy,] fu"iknu lwpd ¼PI½ dks ifjHkkf"kr djuk gksxk tks fo|kFkhZ KkuvtZu dh vis{kkvksa dk
fooj.k gksrk gSA ;g ewY;kadu dk lk/ku gksrk gS rFkk ;g fu"d"kksZa dh izkfIr ds ifjek.k dks Li"Vrk iznku djrk gSA
bl izdkj] ewY;kadu dh ;qfDr rFkk ;kstuk dh :ijs[kk dks mu fu"iknu lwpdksa ds vuq:i cuk, tkus dh vko';drk
gS ftlds }kjk ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ dk;ZØe] KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ nksuksa dks izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k
gSA ijarq laLFkkuksa ds fy,
;g vko';d gS fd os

dk;ZØe f'k{kk mís';ksa]

dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kksZa

ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu"d"kksZa]
{kerkvksa rFkk lwpdksa dks

n`f"V rFkk fe'ku fooj.kksa
ds vuq:i fu/kkZfjr djsaA

dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ

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dks laLFkku ds fe'ku }kjk

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lapkfyr gksuk pkfg, rFkk
bUgsa ?kksf"kr y{; dh fn'kk !%&

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esa fof'k"V ekxZ fn[kykuk !'
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pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy,
ewy ikB~;Øe rFkk oSdfYid !%&
ikB~;Øe izR;sd fo"k;@{ks= #)

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dks oSf'od vFkok LFkkuh;
Lrj ij yksxksa }kjk lkeuk fp=& 3% fotu] fe’ku vkSj fu”d”kZ
dh tk jgh leL;kvksa ,oa

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
pqukSfr;ksa dks lqy>kus dh fn'kk esa dk;Z djuk pkfg,A fu;fer vk/kkj ij y{;ksa ,oa fu"d"kksZa dh leh{kk ,d vfuok;Z
pj.k dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
KkuvtZu fu”iknu fijkfeM esa iqujko`Ùkh; izfreku dk o.kZu fd;k x;k ftlesa laxBukRed fo’ks”krkvksa ¼y{;ksa½ }kjk
laxBukRed mís’; vkxkeh lapkfyr gksrs gSa rFkk mís’; vkxkeh laxBukRed fu”d”kksZa rd igqapkrs gSaA
dk;ZØe f’k{kk fu”d”kZ dks fodflr djus gsrq igyk pj.k gS& Li”V dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’; ¼PEOs½ dks fodflr
djukA dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’; laLFkku@ laxBu ds y{;] fe’ku vkSj fotu laca/kh fooj.kksa ij rFkk lHkh fgr/kkjdksa
tSls ekrk&firk] fo|kFkhZ] lekt] i;kZoj.k] {ks=h; vkSj jk”Vªh; fgr] ls izkIr tkudkjh ij fuHkZj djrs gSa] bls fp=&
4 esa n’kkZ;k x;k gSA

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fp=& 4% dk;ZØe f'k{kk mís'; dks nh tkus okyh laxBukRed tkudkjh

KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ vk/kkfjr f’k{kk ¼LOBE½ ,d xfreku rFkk yphyk <+kapk gS ftlesa laxBuksa@ laLFkkuksa dks lkekftd
O;oLFkk ds fodkl rFkk yxkrkj cnyrs jk”Vªh; ,oa {ks=h; fgrksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj vius laLFkkxr fof’k”V dk;ZØe
f’k{kk mís’;ksa dks rS;kj djus dh vuqefr iznku dh tkrh gSA
tc dksbZ laLFkku] dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa dks ifjHkkf”kr dj nsrk gS rks ;g mís’; dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dk
fuekZ.k djrs gSaA dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ l{kerk dh igpku djkrs gSa rFkk l{kerk ls ge fu”i{k:i ls bldk
ewY;kadu djus gsrq cgq& lwpdksa vFkok ekius ;ksX; la?kVd dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSaA
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa ls Hkh fdlh ikB~;p;kZ] ftlesa fof’k”V oSdfYid fo”k;ksa ds lkFk dbZ ikB~;Øe gksrs gSa] dk
fuekZ.k rFkk fodkl gksrk gSA rnUrj ikB~;p;kZ mís’;ksa ls ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ vkSj lacaf/kr ikB~;Øe l{kerk
rFkk blds lwpdksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
fdlh dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ ls ,d vFkok vusd fofHkUu izdkj dh l{kerkvksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS vkSj izR;sd
l{kerk dh ,d vFkok vusdkusd ekiu ;ksX; la?kVd ftls lalwpd@fu”iknu lwpd dgrs gSa] gks ldrs gSaA uhps
fn;k x;k fp= dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa rFkk l{kerkvksa vkSj lwpdksa ds chp laidZ dks n’kkZrk gSA
PO

fp=& 5% l{kerk vkSj blds lwpdksa ds dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh *VªslsfcfyVh*

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
l{kerk,a ;g n’kkZrh gaS fd fdl izdkj fof’k”V dk;Zdyki ;Fkk fuekZ.k] la’ys”k.k] ewY;kadu vkfn djus dh {kerk
dks n’kkZ;k tk,A ijarq ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd igpku dh xbZ lHkh l{kerk,a ekiuh; ugha gksrh gSA vr% mu l{kerk]
fu”iknu lwpdksa dks ifjHkkf”kr djuk vko’;d gS rkfd os fdlh le{krk ds fof’k”V vkSj ekiuh; fof’k”Vrk dk
fu:i.k dj ldsaA 2-6 ij ifjf’k”V ^2* ds varxZr ,d lalwpukRed o.kZu fn;k x;k gS ftlesa ch-dke-@ch-,-
¼vFkZ’kkL=½@ch-,l-lh ¼jlk;u ‘kkL=½ ikB~;Øeksa ds fy, dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ] l{kerk vkSj lac) fu”iknu
lwpd fn, x, gSaA
iz.kkyhxr mikxe ykxw djrs gq, lobe gsrq fdlh iz.kkyh vfHk;kaf=dh izfØ;k izfreku dks rS;kj fd;k tk
ldrk gS ftlesa u dsoy pj.kksa vkSj *VªslsfcfyVh* vo;oksa dk o.kZu gS] cfYd ikB~;p;kZ ykxw fd, tkus ds i’pkr~
ewY;kadu ds egRo dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA uhps izfØ;k izfreku dh ,d :ijs[kk nh xbZ gS ftlesa V vkdkj
dk ,d izfreku gS ftlesa dk;Z izxfr ck,a ls ‘kh”kZ ds uhps rd] nkbZa vksj] uhps ls ‘kh”kZ rd gSA
,yvkschbZ gsrq iz.kkyhxr vfHk;kaf=dh izfØ;k izfreku

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fp= & 6% ,yvkschbZ ds fy, iz.kkyhxr vfHk;kaf=dh izfØ;k izfreku

mijksDr fp=&6 esa v/kZ ck;ka Hkkx mu ifjns; dk;Z mRiknksa ds fofHkUu pj.kksa vkSj leqPp; dks n’kkZrk gS ftldk izR;sd
mRikn fiNys pj.k ls mRiUu dk;Z mRikn esa vuqxeuh; gS] tSls dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa ds izfr ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu
fu”d”kksZa vkSj dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa ds izfr dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh vuqxeuh;rkA ifj”dj.k gsrq pj.kksa ds chp
iqujko`fÙk vko’;d gSA lHkh ifjns;ksa dk lR;kiu fdlh vkarfjd dk;ZØe iz’kklu lfefr }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
izfØ;k izfreku ds nk,a v/kZ Hkkx esa ewY;kadu izca/ku ds vuqlkj ewY;kadu xfrfof/k;ksa dk C;kSjk gSA izkjafHkd pj.k esa]
ikB~;Øe Lrj ij ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA dk;ZØe Lrj rd ewY;kadu ifj.kke dh :ijs[kk rS;kj dh tkrh gS vkSj
leqfpr izk:i esa fu”iknu n’kkZ;h tkrh gSA vafre pj.k esa Lukrd djus ds dqN o”kksZa ds ckn ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
bl ewY;kadu dk dk;Z mu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls] tks ml fo’ofo|ky; ls Lukrd dj pqds gSa] deZpkfj;ksa rFkk mu fgr/kkjdksa]
tks dk;ZØe KkuvtZu mís’;ksa ij fuHkZj gS] }kjk izkIr tkudkjh ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA V izfreku esa bu pj.kksa dk o.kZu
fuEufyf[kr [kaMksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
1-2-1 dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’; ¼peo½
lHkh fo”k;ksa esa lobe izfreku dks izksRlkfgr djus rFkk mls lqdj cukus ds fy, mPprj f’k{kk uhfr ls lkekU;
dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa dh lwph dh igpku dh xbZ gS ftls ifjf’k”V&1 esa n’kkZ;k x;k gSA
dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’; ¼peo½ dks rS;kj djrs le; fuEufyf[kr dkjdksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gS%&
• peos dks laLFkku ds fe'ku ds vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
• lHkh fgr/kkjdks dks peos ihbZvks dks rS;kj djus izfØ;k esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg,A
• peo dh la[;k izca/ku ;ksX; gksuh pkfg,A
• ;g fgr/kkjdksa dh vko';drkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg,A
• ;g dk;ZØe }kjk izkIr djus ;ksX; gksuk pkfg,A
• ;g dk;ZØe fof'k"V gksuk pkfg, u fd vfr O;kid gksuk pkfg,A
• bls vfr ladh.kZ rFkk plo dh rjg ugha gksuk pkfg,A
1-2-2 dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ ¼ih,yvks½
plos dks dk;ZØe ds Lukrd fo’ks”krkvksa ¼ga½ ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg,A ga] O;fDr }kjk ewY;kadu fd, tkus ;ksX;
fu”d”kksZa dk ,d leqPp; gksrk gS tks ml dk;ZØe esa l{kerk izkIr djus esa Lukrd dh laHkkouk dks n’kkZrk gSA ga] Kku]
dkS’ky] eukso`fÙk rFkk ewY; ds laca/k esa dk;ZØe ds laca/k esa Lukrdksa }kjk visf{kr fo’ks”krk gksrh gSA Lukrd fo’ks”krk,a
,slh {kerk,a gksrh gSa tks O;fDr dks Kku rFkk dkS’ky ds fodkl ,oa izkfIr esa mPprj f’k{kk ds v/;;u] pqus x, {ks= esa
fu”iknu esa o`f) rFkk lkekftd :i ls izfrlaosnh laca/kh mldh {kerk esa o`f) esa lgk;rk djrh gSaA
okf’kaxVu laf/k ds *dk;ZØe f’k{kk fu”d”kksZa* ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh xbZ lwph dk mYys[k ifjf’k”V&1 esa fd;k x;k gS
ftls dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa dh lgk;rk ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA ifjf’k”V&1 ds varxZr ,d eSfVªDl dh :ijs[kk rS;kj
dh xbZ gS ftlesa dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dks dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa ls tksM+k x;k gSA dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh
l{kerkvksa rFkk fu”iknu lwpdksa dks rS;kj fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gS ftlds i’pkr~ ewY;kadu ds Lo:iksa dk fu/kkZj.k
djuk egRoiw.kZ gSA la’kksf/kr Cywe ds oxhZdj.k Lrjksa dk mi;ksx dj ,d O;kid ewY;kadu dk;Zuhfr dh :ijs[kk rS;kj
dh tk ldrh gSA ¼ns[ksa % ifjf’k”V&2]2-1 ij o.kZu½
1-2-3 ikB~;p;kZ dks rS;kj fd;k tkuk vkSj ikB~;Øe dk fodkl fd;k tkuk
blds i’pkr~] dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ,d ikB~;p;kZ rFkk ,d ikB~;Øe dk vo’; rS;kj fd;k
tkuk pkfg,A ikB~;p;kZ dks *dk;ZØe mís’;ksa rFkk fu”d”kksZa* ds lkFk tksM+k tkuk pkfg, rFkk blds vykok] *ikB~;Øe
Lrj ewY;kadu dk;Zuhfr;ksa* dks *vfHkKkr dk;ZØe Lrj ewY;kadu dk;Zuhfr* ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A ¼dk;ZØe KkuvtZu
fu”d”kksZa dks ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa rFkk ikB~;Øe ewY;kadu dk;Zuhfr ls eSi djus gsrq :ijs[kk dks ifjf’k”V&2 rFkk
ifjf’k”V&2 ds varxZr fcanq 2-3 ij Hkh fn;k x;k gSA½
1-2-4 ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ ¼clo½
izR;sd fo|kFkhZ ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og izR;sd ikB~;Øe ¼fo”k;½ ds iwjk gksus ds var esa fu”d”kksZa@Kku dks izkIr
djsA ;g lwphc) gSa rFkk muds vk/kkj ij ikB~;Øe ikB~;p;kZ dks vafre :i fn;k tkrk gSA ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ
vis{kk—r y?kq fooj.k gksrs gSa tks ;g mYys[k djrs gSa fd izR;sd l= ds var esa fo|kFkhZ ls D;k lh[kus dh vis{kk dh
tkrh gS rFkk os D;k djus ds ;ksX; gksrs gaSA ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dks n’kkZuk pkfg, fd ikB~;Øe iw.kZ gksus ij
fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fdl Lrj dk Kku] dkS’ky izkIr fd;k gS rFkk fdl izdkj dh fo’ks”krk,a fodflr dh gSa( ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu
fu”d”kZ la[;k esa ekiuh;] izkIr djus ;ksx rFkk izca/ku ;ksX; gksus pkfg,A lh,yvks dks ih,yvks dh izkfIr esa bl izdkj
;ksxnku djuk pkfg, fd izR;sd lh,yvks de ls de ,d ih,yvks dk rFkk izR;sd ih,yvks dk /;ku i;kZIr la[;k esa
lh,yvks }kjk leqfpr <ax ls j[kk tk,A
1-2-5 ewY;kadu izca/ku ;kstuk
,d ,slh ewY;kadu izca/ku ;kstuk rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg, ftlesa dk;ZØe rFkk ikB~;Øe nksuksa Lrjksa ds fy, ewY;kadu
dk;Zuhfr ds C;kSjs gksaA ewY;kadu ;kstuk esa] izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds ewY;kadu ds Lo:i rFkk le; lhek dh igpku djuk
vko’;d gSA ewY;kadu ds Lo:i dk p;u djus ds i’pkr~ KkuvtZu xq.kksa dh fo’ks”krkvksa] la’kksf/kr Cywe oxhZdj.k ds
ekufp=.k rFkk ewY;kadu vuq”Bku&Øe ij fopkj fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gS ¼nsf[k, ifjf’k”V&2 ds varxZr 2-4½ ftlesa
fdlh fo’ks”k ikB~;Øe ds fy, mi;qDr ewY;kadu feJ dh lVhd fLFkfr Li”V dh tkrh gSA fdlh Hkh ewY;kadu dks varr%
ewY;kadu vuq”Bku Øe dk mi;ksx dj ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ewY;kadu vuq”Bku Øe izR;sd dk;ZØe ds fy, iz;qDr
okLrfod ewY;kadu dks n’kkZrk gS vkSj ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh O;k[;k djus rFkk xzsM fu/kkZj.k djus dk lk/ku gksrk gSA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
1-2-6 ewY;kadu dk lkef;dhdj.k

ewY;kadu] lrr~ :i ls izfrfØ;k izkIr djus ds fy, le;kc) jhfr ls jpukRed vkSj ;ksxkRed nksuksa vo;oksa dks
‘kkfey djus gsrq lrr~ dk;Z gksuk pkfg,A bldk o.kZu uhps fn, x, fp= esa n’kkZ;k x;k gSA

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fp=&7 % ewY;kadu dh lrrrk
la{ksi esa] dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dks O;kid ifjn`’; esa fodflr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh izkfIr
l= ds var esa ewY;kadu ds dsoy ,dy Lo:i ij fuHkZj ugha djrh gSA ;g ,d etcwr KkuvtZu laL—fr] l{kerkvksa
dh igpku] mfpr f’k{k.k] laiw.kZ KkuvtZu vuqHkoksa dks RkS;kj djus rFkk jpukRed Lo:i ds lrr~ vkUrfjd ewY;kadu
ds :i esa vkdyu ds p;u dk lesdu gSA Lohdkj fd, tkus okys ewY;kadu dh iz.kkyh dks dk;ZØe@ikB~;p;kZ y{;ksa
ds lkFk varfuZfgr :i ls tksM+s tkus dh vko’;drk gS rkfd dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa rFkk dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa ds
lkFk ewY;kadu ds Lo:i dks tksM+dj fo|kFkhZ dk;Z fu”iknu dk fu”i{krkiw.kZ vkdyu fd;k tk ldsA dk;ZØe ds izR;sd
ikB~;Øe gsrq ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa ¼clo½ dks Hkh fu;r fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa
¼Plo½ vkSj dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa ¼Peo½ dh izkfIr dk ekiu djus gsrq izfØ;k,a rS;kj dh tk,aA ewY;kadu fof/k vkSj
blds iz’uksa dh :ijs[kk izR;sd clo ds lkFk ,oa izR;sd llo dh :ijs[kk fdlh plo ds lkFk rS;kj dh tk,A vkarfjd
ewY;kadu i)fr ds lkFk lkFk ckº; ijh{kk ds izR;sd iz’u dks clo ds lkFk tksM+k tk,] blfy, izR;sd iz’u ds dk;Z
dh fuxjkuh dh tk, rkfd lh,yvks dh miyfC/k ekih tk ldsA
izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds fy, ewY;kadu lk/ku ¼vkUrfjd vFkok ckº;½ dks la’kksf/kr Cywe ds oxhZdj.k dk;Z laca/kh fØ;kvksa ds
lkFk *eSfiax* ¼nsf[k, http://thesecondprinciple.com/teachingessentials/beyond-bloom-cognitive-taxanomy-
revised/½ ds dh tk, rkfd fo|kFkhZ ds dk;Z&fu”iknu dks ekik tk ldsA dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa dh miyfC/k dh foLr`r
izfØ;k dk mYys[k 2-5 ds rgr ifjf’k”V 2 esa fd;k x;k gSA
KkuvtZu dk y{; dk;ZØe@ikB~;p;kZ dh miyfC/k esa fufgr gS u fd dsoy ikB~;Øe iwjk djus ij cy nsus ijA
f’k{kdksa }kjk KkuvtZu ds bPNqd ftKklqvksa ds le{k dk;ZØe@ikB~;p;kZ y{;ksa] bldh izR;k’kkvksa vkSj l{kerkvksa dh
miyfC/k;ksa dks f’k{kdksa }kjk f’k{kkfFkZ;ksa dks Li”V :i ls le>k;k rFkk Li”V fd;k tk,A dk;ZØe@ikB~;p;kZ@ ikB~;Øe
ds mÌs’;ksa dks ns[krs gq, f’k{kdksa dks pkfg, fd os%
¼d½ mi;qDr v/;kiu f’k{kk&’kkL= rS;kj djsa]
¼[k½ KkuvtZu lkexzh rFkk lalk/kuksa dks iznku djsa vFkok mUgsa ,sls lalk/kuksa ls tksM+s] vkSj
¼x½ izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds fy, lVhd ewY;kadu dh fof/k dk pquko djsaA
;fn dksbZ mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku ¼HEI½ mi;qDr lqifjHkkf”kr lobe lajpuk ftl ij mij ppkZ dh xbZ gS dk mi;ksx
dj mi;qDr dh xbZ ppkZ ds vuqlkj fdlh xq.koÙkk ewY;kadu dk dk;Z dj ldrk gS] rks og mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk laiw.kZ ewY;kadu rFkk vPNk dk;Z djus esa l{ke gksxkA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
2- ewY;kadu ds Lo:i
KkuvtZu ds O;kid fØ;kdykiksa }kjk fo|kFkhZ ds cks/k rS;kj djds mldk ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bu fØ;kdykiksa
esa fofHkUu izdkj ds mikxe gksaxs ftUgsa fuEufyf[kr vusd vk/kkjksa esa oxhZ—r fd;k tkrk gS%&
iz;kstu ds vk/kkj ij% ewY;kadu ds Lo:i esa ‘kkfey gSa ¼i½ ;ksxkRed ¼funs’kkRed ;wfuV ds var esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds KkuvtZu
dk ewY;kadu½ ¼ii½ jpukRed ¼KkuvtZu izfØ;k ds nkSjku fd;k x;k vukSipkfjd rFkk vkSipkfjd ijh{kk,a½A
vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij% ¼i½ ek=kRed ewY;kadu dk laca/k eq[;r% fo”k;&vk/kkfjr fu”iknu esa fo|ky;h miyfC/k;kas ls gS
tcfd ¼ii½ xq.kkRed ewY;kadu dk laca/k eq[;r% xSj&fo|ky;h miyfC/k;ksa ls gS vkSj blesa laHkor% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkekftd]
HkkoukRed] vfHko`fÙkewyd rFkk uSfrd ewY;kadu ds igyw vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSaA
{ks= ds vk/kkj ij % bl izdkj ds ewY;kadu esa ‘kkfey gSa ¼i½ fo|ky;h miyfC/k ¼ikB~;p;kZ&laca/kh d{kk esa v/;kiu rFkk
Kku vtZu½ vkSj ¼ii½ xSj&fo|ky;h miyfC/k ¼ikB~;Øe ds lkFk ds fØ;kdykiksa ds nkSjku vkSj d{kk ds vanj vFkok ckgj
vU; lajfpr vFkok vlajfpr fLFkfr;ksa esa fo|kFkhZ ds O;ogkj] ewY; vfHko`fÙk] HkkoukRed fLFkjrk dk ewY;kaduA
ekiu ekud ds vk/kkj ij % ¼i½ ekunaM lanfHkZr ¼blesa O;ogkj ds ckjs esa C;ksjs dks rS;kj djus gsrq ijh{kk ds vad dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftldh ,sls vad ikus okys O;fDr ls vk’kk dh tkrh gS½A ¼ii½ ekud& lanfHkZr ¼ekudh—r½ D;k
fdlh ijh{kk nsus okys us fdlh dkYifud vkSlr fo|kFkhZ dh rqyuk esa csgrj fd;k gS vFkok ughaA½ ¼iii½ Lo&lanfHkZr
¼bIlsfVo½ ewY;kadu ¼fdlh O;fDr ds ewY;kadu dh rqyuk mlds vius fiNys fu”iknu] ;fn dksbZ gks] ls dh tkrh gS]
rkfd mlesa lq/kkj dk irk yxk;k tk ldsA
,d vU; oxhZdj.k] KkuvtZu ds izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k ekiu ij vk/kkfjr gSA izR;{k i)fr] tks fo|kFkhZ ds okLrfod
dk;Z ds uewus ij vk/kkfjr gS] esa fjiksVZ] ijh{kk,a] izn’kZu] fu”iknu rFkk iw.kZ fd, x, dk;Z ‘kkfey gSaA blesa ;g visf{kr
gksrk gS fd fo|kFkhZ dk;Z djs rkfd f’k{kd ;g ewY;kadu dj lds fd fo|kFkhZ izR;k’kkvksa dks fdl gn rd iwjk djrk gSA
vizR;{k fof/k] fo|kFkhZ ds bafnz;xkspj KkuvtZu dh fjiksVZ ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA blesa losZ{k.k] fuxZe lk{kkRdkj ¼bfDtV
bUVjO;w½ rFkk eq[; lewg ¼Qksdl xzqi½ gksrs gSaA
ewY;kadu dks Kku vtZudrkZ ds xq.kksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj rS;kj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g xq.k] ftudk dk;ZØe f’k{kk
mís’;ksa rFkk fu”d”kksZa ls Li”V laca/k gksrk gS] oxhZdj.k ls mn~Hkwr gksrs gSaA ewY;kadu Lo:iksa rFkk Kku vtZudrkZvksa ds
xq.kksa dk leh{kkRed fooj.k ifjf’k”V&3 esa nh xbZ gSA
f’k{kdksa@laLFkkuksa }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ewY;kadu djus gsrq mi;ksx fd, tkus ds fy, ewY;kadu ds O;kid Lo:i miyC/k
gSaA izR;sd ewY;kadu ds Lo:i dh viuh fof’k”V mi;ksfxrk] ykHk vkSj lhek,a gSaA fdlh fo’ks”k dk;ZØe ds Lo:i] mís’;
rFkk miyC/k lalk/kuksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, buds Lo:iksa ds leqfpr laxzg dk lko/kkuhiwoZd p;u fd, tkus dh
vko’;drk gSA buds egRoiw.kZ lk/kuksa rFkk muds ykHk o mudh lhekvksa dk fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gS%
fyf[kr i)fr ekSf[kd i)fr O;kogkfjd i)fr lesfdr i)fr
1- ijh{kk,a 1- ekSf[kd@tckuh ijh{kk 1- iz;ksx’kkyk laaca/kh dk;Z 1- i=ksa dk izLrqfrdj.k@
laxksf”B;ka
2- d{kk esa vk;ksftr ijh{kk,a 2- lewg ppkZ@ 2- dEI;wVj 2- swoc fo’ys”k.k
*fQ’kckWmy rduhd* flE;wys’kUl~@
vkHkklh iz;ksx’kkyk,a
3- *vksiu cqd ,Xtke@ijh{kk,a 3- *jksy Iys* 3- f’kYi dk;Z 3- leL;k dk fo’oluh; <ax
ls lek/kku
4- *vksiu uksVl~ ,Xtke*@lh, 4- fo’oLkuh; <ax ls leL;k 4- ikB~;p;kZ&lg 4- {ks=xr fufnZ”V dk;Z
lek/kku
5- Lo&ijh{kk@ vkWuykbu ijh{kk 5- wSQ ¼*okWp lEekjkbt* 5- dk;Z vuqHko 5- iksLVj izLrqfrdj.k
Dos’pu½
6- fuca/k@ys[k fy[kuk 6- *ou&Dos’k;u fDot* 6- iksVZQksfy;k

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
fyf[kr i)fr ekSf[kd i)fr O;kogkfjd i)fr lesfdr i)fr

7- iz’uksÙkjh@oLrqfu”B ijh{kk,a 7- d{kk ds var esa iz’uksÙkjh
8- d{kk gsrq fufnZ”V dk;Z 8- *fFkad is;j ‘ks;j*
9- x`g gsrq fufnZ”V dk;Z 9- lqdjkroknh laxks”Bh
10- O;k[;k dh xbZ xzaFk lwph 10- *jSfiM QkW;j* iz’uksÙkjh
11- fjiksVZ 11- KWL ¼*uks&okaV Vw
uks&yusZM*½
12- iksVZQksfy;ks
13- ‘kks/k izca/k
14- iqLrd leh{kk
15- vkys[k leh{kk
16- tuZy ys[ku
17- ekeyk v/;;u
fyf[kr i)fr
ewY;kadu dk izdkj ijh{kk,a
Lo:i ikjaifjd fuaca/k dk Lo:i( le; laca/kh ck/;rk,a] ckg~; ijh{kk,a
ykHk vis{kk—r lLrh] lkfgR;&pksjh dh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha] fo|kfFkZ;ksa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa ls ifjp;] fu;r frfFk;ka fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks KkuvtZu ds fy, ck/; djrh gSa( xgu rFkk ;kstukc) rjhds ls rS;kjh djus dh laHkkouk( laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku
miyfC/k dk lkj miyC/k djkrk gSA
lhek,a vf/kdka’kr;k] fparu ds mPprj Lrj ls vf/kd Lej.k ‘kfDr dh tkap dh tkrh gS( fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ izfrfØ;k izkIr ugha
gksrh D;ksafd ijh{kk ds le; rd ikB~;Øe iwjk gks pqdk gksrk gS( lrgh KkuvtZu dks izksRlkfgr dj ldrk gS( fo”k;oLrq
dk uewuk O;kid ugha( lEHkkouk dk vo;o] ^gsyks&bQsDV*% vHkh&vHkh vad fn, x, yacs mÙkj dk Lrj vxys mÙkj ls
gksus okyh izR;k’kk dks ifjofrZr dj ldrk gS( laHko gS fd ckº; ijh{kd viuk dke bZekunkjh ls ugha djsa D;ksafd mudh
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds izfr dksbZ tokcnsgh ugha gksrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ l=kar ¼vf/kekur% l= ds var esa&okf”kZd ugha½
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, mi;ksx blesa lHkh izdkj ds iz’u gksrs gSa& fuca/k] y?kq mÙkj] oLrqfu”B iz’u] laKkukRed {ks= ds lHkh Lrjksa dh tkap
gsrq rS;kj fd, tkrs gSa( iz’uksa ds lHkh Lo:i rFkk Lrjksa dks ‘kkfey fd;k tkuk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, vkSj
fo”k;oLrq ds leqfpr uewus ysus gsrq ijh{kk Cyw fizaV rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS( fu”i{krk dks U;wure djus ds fy, fuca/k
izdkj ds iz’uksa ds vadu gsrq :fczDl ¼Lrj&okj fu”iknu ds O;kid lwpd ds lkFk½ rFkk ekWMy mÙkj( fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks vadu ds ekunaM ls voxr djkuk( mÙkj iqfLrdkvksa esa dwV la[;k nh tk,A vPNs ntsZ ds fo’ofo|ky;ksa ls
mÙke *VªSd&fjdkMZ* okys ijh{kdksa dk p;u fd;k tk,( ,sls ekeys tgka vkikrfLFkfr fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gks] vadksa esa
lq/kkj vadksa esa deh iwjh djus dk izko/kkuA
ewY;kadu ds izdkj d{kk fufnZ"V ijh{kk,a

Lo:i ikjaifjd fuaca/k dk Lo:i( le; laca/kh ck/;rk,a] vkUrfjd ijh{kk,a
ykHk vis{kk—r lLrh] lkfgR;&pksjh dh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha] fo|kfFkZ;ksa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa ls ifjp;] fu;r frfFk;ka fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks KkuvtZu ds fy, ck/; djrh gSa( xgu rFkk ;kstukc) rjhds ls rS;kjh djus dh laHkkoukA
lhek,a vf/kdka’kr;k] fparu ds mPprj Lrj dh rqyuk esa Lej.k ‘kfDr dh tkap dh tkrh gS( pwafd =qfV
lq/kkj esa le; yxrk gS blfy,] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks foyEc ls izfrfØ;k izkIr gksrh gS( lrgh KkuvtZu dks izksRlkfgr dj
ldrk gS( fo”k;oLrq dk uewuk O;kid ugha( lEHkkouk dk vo;o( ^gsyks&bQsDV*(
lq>kbZ xbZ deh iwjh djus okyh ijh{kk lfgr l= esa 2 ls 3 ckj ijh{kk,a
ckjackjrk

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ewY;kadu ds izdkj d{kk fufnZ"V ijh{kk,a

lq>k, x, mi;ksx blesa lHkh izdkj ds iz’u gksrs gSa&fuca/k] y?kq mÙkj] oLrqfu”B iz’u] laKkukRed {ks= ds lHkh Lrjksa dh tkap gsrq rS;kj fd,
tkrs gSa( iz’uksa ds lHkh Lo:i rFkk Lrjksa dks ‘kkfey fd;k tkuk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, vkSj fo”k;oLrq ds leqfpr uewus
ysus gsrq ijh{kk Cyw fizaV rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS( fu”i{krk dks U;wure djus ds fy, fuca/k izdkj ds iz’uksa ds vadu gsrq :fczDl
¼Lrj&okj fu”iknu ds O;kid lwpd ds lkFk½ rFkk ekWMy mÙkj( fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vadu ds ekunaM ls voxr djkuk( f’k{kdksa
dks p;fur :i ls fyf[kr tkudkjh iznku djuh pkfg, rFkk d{kk esa ppkZ djuh pkfg,( vadu esa i{kikr ls cpus ds fy,
dsoy Øekad@dwV la[;k fy[kh tk, u fd uke( ekWMy mÙkj iqfLrdk,a fn[kkbZ tk,aA
ewY;kadu ds izdkj *vksiu cqd ,Xtke*@ ijh{kk,a
Lo:i fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lanHkZ gsrq viuh ilan dh iqLrdsa izkIr djus dh vuqefr nh tkuh pkfg,A
ykHk Lej.k ‘kfDr ij de ncko( /khjs&/khjs fy[kus okys dks [kkfe;ktk ugha Hkqxruk iM+rk gS] fo|kFkhZ D;k dqN Lej.k dj ldrs gSa
dh rqyuk esa lalk/kuksa ls fo|kFkhZ D;k mik; dj ldrs gS]a dk ekiu djrk gSA
lhek,a lHkh dks ,d gh xq.koÙkk dh iqLrd ¼dsa½ izkIr ugha gksrh gSa( v/;;u d{k esa pyuk dfBu gksrk gS D;ksafd *MsLd&LFkku
dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ ,d d{kk ijh{kk vFkok dqN d{kk ds fufnZ”V dk;Z ¼eku yhft, 30 izfr’kr½ bl izdkj ds gks ldrs gaAS
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, iz;ksx iz’u ek= tkudkjh dks iqu% Lej.k djus ij ugha cfYd l`tukRed la’ys”k.k ij vk/kfjr gksus pkfg,] egRoiw.kZ :i ls
ewY;kadudkjh gksus pkfg, vkSj laxBukRed Hkh gksus pkfg,( fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lanHkZ&iBu esa Hkh izf’kf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,(
v/;kiu ds nkSjku mUgsa vusd ikB~;&iqLrdsa i<+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,( xzaFkky; esa iqLrdksa dk foiqy HkaMkj
gksuk pkfg,] *cqd& cSad* dk j[kj[kko fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ewY;kadu ds izdkj *vksiu uksV~l ,Xtke*@ ijh{kk,a@ lh,
ykHk blls csgrj uksVl~ rS;kj djus esa enn feyrh gS(
lhek,a fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks iz.kkyh ls vH;Lr gksus dh vko’;drk gS( [kjkc uksV cukus okyksa dks nafMr fd;k tkrk gS( Lej.k ‘kfDr ds
mi;ksx dks grksRlkfgr dj ldrk gS( vf/kd MsLd&LFkku dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ dksbZ ,d d{kk ijh{kk vFkok dqN d{kk ds fufnZ”V dk;Z bl izdkj ds gks ldrs gSa ;gka rd dh mUgsa *vksiu cqd VsLV*
ckjackjrk ds lkFk Hkh tksM+k tk ldrk gSA
lq>k, x, iz;ksx fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks uksVl~ rS;kj djus dh rduhd fl[kkbZ tkuh pkfg,( dsoy uksV~l ls lh/ks iz’u u rS;kj fd, tk,a cfYd
mldk vuqiz;ksx fo’ys”k.k rFkk Kku ds la’ys”k.k vk/kkfjr iz’u gksaA
ewY;kadu ds izdkj Lo&ijh{kk ¼vkWuykbu vFkok ikjaifjd½

Lo:i lHkh izdkj ds O;fDrfu”B rFkk oLrqfu”B enksa ds fy,
ykHk le; esa yphykiu ¼f’k{kkfFkZ;ksa dh vko’;drk ,oa rS;kjh ds vuqlkj½( Lo;a@ Lopkfyr ijh{k.k( dksbZ i{kikr vFkok
O;fDrfu”Brk ugha] migkl fd, tkus dk dksbZ Hk; ugha( ;fn mfpr tkudkjh rFkk vuqorhZ dk;Zokgh ‘kkfey gks] rks
ikafMR; KkuvtZu laHko gSA
lhek,a tc rd vfuok;Z ugha gks] rks de vfHkizsfjr fo|kFkhZ bldk p;u ugha djsaxsA
lq>kbZ xbZ Lo&lq/kkj gsrq gj le; miyC/kA
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, iz;ksx fdlh fof’k”V vof/k ¼;fn ikB~;Øe dh ekax gks½ vFkok gj le; ¼;fn Lo;a lq/kkj dh vko’;drk gks½ gsrq miyC/k(
mooc@lms ,y,e,l ij fo”k;&okj iz’u miyksM fd, tk ldrs gSaA ijh{kk vko’;drkuqlkj Lo&l`ftr
gksxh( ;g vfuok;Z vFkok ,sfPNd gks ldrk gSA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ewY;kadu dk vkys[k@fuca/k ys[ku

izdkj
Lo:i O;fDrijd yack rFkk fyf[kr fufnZ”V dk;Z
ykHk O;fDr dh vfHkO;fDRk vkSj jpukRedrk ds fy, laHkkouk] Kku dh xgjkbZ n’kkZ ldrk gS( fyf[kr laizs”k.k gsrq O;kid
ijh{kk( fo|kFkhZ ds lqlaxr rdksZa ls mldh {kerk dh tkap dh tk ldrh gS( ;g fo|kFkhZ ds Kku ,oa cks/k dh O;kidrk
dks n’kkZ;k ldrk gS( lkfgR; pksjh dks igpkuuk dfBu gks ldrk gS( ckn esa] vusdkusd fo”k;ksa ij Nk=ksa ds ‘kks/k
fØ;kdykiksa vkSj egRoiw.kZ dkS’kyksa dks fodflr djus gsrq ennxkjA
lhek,a dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fuca/k ys[ku esa lqizf’kf{kr ugha gksus ds dkj.k fuca/k iz:i esa viuh {kerk n’kkZus esa dfBukbZ gks
ldrh gS] oLrqfu”B :i ls vadu djus esa dkQh le; yxrk gS( ^gsyks bQsDV*] rqjar vafdr fd;k x;k fuca/k dk Lrj]
vafdr fd, tkus okys vxys fuca/k ds ckjs esa izR;k’kk esa ifjorZu dj ldrk gS( fuca/k fy[kus esa le; yxrk gS] vr%
bl ek/;e ls laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dh tkap ugha dh tk ldrh gS( fdlh fo”k; ds ckjs esa fo|kFkhZ *tks dqN tkurs gSa*] dsoy
mruk gh fy[k nsus ls mUgsa iqjL—r fd;k tk ldrk gS( ,d iqfLrdk tkapdrkZ nwljs tkapdrkZ }kjk xzsM iznku djus
esa fHkUurk ls vk ldrh gS vr% xzsM O;fDrfu”B gks ldrs gSaA
lq>kbZ xbZ izfr ikB~;Øe izfr l= esa ,d
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, iz;ksx egRoiw.kZ] foe’kZ& fparu rFkk foLr`r v/;;u dh tkap gsrq fo”k;ksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xk( vadu gsrq *:fczDl* dk
fodkl fd;k tk, rFkk bldh tkudkjh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks iznku dh tk,( ,d gh rFkk fofHkUu Kku vtZd Lrj ds fy,
vusd izdkj ds fo”k; rS;kj fd, tk,a( LukrdiwoZ@LukrdksÙkj Lrj ds vuqlkj fuca/k fy[kus ds dkS’ky ds izfr igys
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izkjafHkd izf’k{k.k iznku fd;k tk,A
ewY;kadu dk izdkj iz’uksÙkjh@oLrqfu"B ijh{kkvksa@igpku djus okys iz'u ¼;Fkk oLrqfu"B fodYi iz'u ¼mcqs½( lgh vFkok xyr(
lqesfyr djuk( oxhZdj.k½@;kn djus ds Lo:i&fjDr LFkku Hkjuk] ,d 'kCn@in okys mÙkj
Lo:i lajfpr tkap] vYikof/kA
ykHk dkQh fo’oluh; gks ldrk gS] mR—”V oS/krk D;ksafd o`gÙkj ikB~;Øe ‘kkfey fd;k tkrk gS] ;g n’kkZ ldrk gS fd
fo|kFkhZ fdruh rsth ls lksprs gSa] rsth ls tkap djkbZ tk ldrh gS] =qfV dh ‘kqf) djus esa de le; dh t:jr gksrh
gS] bldk mi;ksx fo’ys”k.k rFkk fu.kZ; dkS’ky gsrq fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lhek,a fo|kFkhZ vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa( vPNs iz’u&fo’ks”kdj mPp Lrj ds KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh tkap gsrq iz’uksa dks rS;kj djus
gsrq dkS’ky dh t:jr gksrh gS( ;g lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, fd mÙkj ds fodYi LI”V gkas] lko/kkuhiwoZd vk;kstuk dh
t:jr gksrh gS( gSfdax dk tksf[ke jgrk gS( Nn~eO;fDr }kjk ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vk’kadk jgrh gS( dfri; fu%’kDrrk
okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ges’kk miyC/k ugha gksrsA
lq>kbZ xbZ izfr lseLs Vj 4] ftlesa 1 *esd vi* vkSj 1 *vkSpd iz’uksÙkjh* ‘kkfey gS]a *d{kk iz’uksÙkjh ds var* ds :i esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, iz;ksx fofHkUu izdkj dh OkLrqfu”B ensa rS;kj djrs le; f’k{kdksa dks lajpuk] ykHk] gkfu rFkk lko/kkfu;ksa ds laca/k esa izf’kf{kr
fd;k tkuk pkfg,( igpku rFkk Lej.k izdkj ds iz’uksa ds chp larqyu( rF;kRed tkudkjh lss ijs ,pvksVh dkS’ky
rd igqapukA
ewY;kadu dk izdkj O;k[;kRed xzaFk lwph

Lo:i oS;fDrd vFkok lewg fufnZ”V dk;Z
ykHk lkfgR; dh laoh{kk rFkk mldk ewY;kadu ds laaca/k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh {kerk dh mÙke tkap( fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh leh{kk ds :i
esa mPp Lrj ds fparu dkS’ky dks izsfjr dj ldrk gS( lewg dk;Z rFkk ppkZ dks izsfjr djrk gS( ‘kks/k ds fy, mÙke
rS;kjh dkS’kyA
lhek,a laHko gS fd fo|kfFk;ksaZ dks leh{kk gsrq lkexzh miyC/k u gks( lkexzh dh Jsf.k;ka dfBukbZ dh izklafxdrk vFkok Lrj
esa fHkUu gks ldrh gSaA
lq>kbZ xbZ 1 ls 2 ikB~;Øeksa esa ,d lsesLVj esa ,d ckj
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, iz;ksx fo”k;] fo|kfFZk;ksa dh vfHk#fp rFkk ikB~;Øe dh vko’;drk ij vk/kkfjr gksus pkfg,( fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks igys lanHkZ dkS’ky
i<+k;k tkuk pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ewY;kadu dk izdkj fjiksVZ

Lo:i fd, x, ;k ns[ks x, dk;ZØe dh fjiksVZ
ykHk eq[; varj.kh; dkS’ky dks fodflr fd;k tk,( fjiksVZ esa O;kid dkS’ky ‘kkfey gks ldrs gSa ftudk vU;Fkk izR;{kr%
ewY;kadu djuk dfBu gSA
lhek,a fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks blesa dkQh le; yx ldrk gS] vusd fjiksVksZa gsrq ,d gh iz:Ik rFkk lajpuk dk mi;ksx djus ls mudh
izHkkodkfjrk esa deh gks ldrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ izfr lsesLVj ,d ckj ¼vf/kdka’kr% izk;ksfxd ikB~;Øeksa esa½
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, iz;ksx ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks loZizFke fjiksVZ ys[ku laca/kh vis{kkvksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa fl[kk;k tk,A
ewY;kadu dk izdkj iksVZQksfy;ks

Lo:i lkekU;r% izk;ksfxd ikB~;Øeksa esa lsesLVj laca/kh dk;Z vFkok fdlh jpukRed dk;Z ds lkj dks fn[kk;k tk,A
ykHk O;kid izdkj ds dkS’ky rFkk xq.k varfoZ”V gks ldrs gSa( Rofjr ekSf[kd ijh{kk esa ;g dkQh izHkkoh gks ldrk gS(
iksVZQksfy;ks KkuvtZu esa izxfr dks n’kkZ ldrk gS( iksVZQksfy;ks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh fo’ks”krkvksa rFkk mudh O;fDrxr ‘kfDr
dks n’kkZ ldrk gSA
lhek,a iksVZQksfy;ks i<+us esa dkQh le; yxrk ldrk gS( oLrqfu”BrkiwoZd vadu djuk dfBu gS( dHkh&dHkh lk{; dh
fo’oluh;rk ij iz’u fd, tk ldrs gSaA
lq>kbZ xbZ izfr lsesLVj ,dA
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, mi;ksx ;g vusd iz:i dk gks ldrk gS( ikB~;Øe fujh{kd dks ewY;kadu esa fu”i{krk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, dqN ewyHkwr
vko’;drkvksa dks fofufnZ”V djuk pkfg,A
ewY;kadu dk izdkj 'kks/k izca/k

Lo:i O;kid ‘kks/k vk/kkfjr fjiksVZ
ykHk O;fDrxr dk;Z] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks viuh le>] jpukRedrk rFkk ‘kks/k dkS’ky] iznf’kZr djus dh vuqefr gksrh gSA
lhek,a blds ewY;kadu esa dkQh le; yx tkrk gS( O;fDrfu”Brk vk ldrh gS( lajpuk rFkk ‘kSyh ds eqís ewY;kadu dk;Z dks
detksj dj ldrs gSaA
lq>kbZ xbZ dk;ZØe Lrj rFkk ØsfMV ¼LukrdiwoZ@LukrdksÙkj½ ds vk/kkj ij izfr lsesLVj vFkok o”kZ esa ,dA
ckjackjrk
lq>k, x, mi;ksx tSls&tSls dk;Z esa izxfr gksrh gS] vkof/kd :i ls ewY;kadu fd;k tk,( ewY;kadu esa ppkZ isuy vkSj vU; bPNqd i{kksa
ds le{k izLrqfrdj.k ‘kkfey gksus pkfg,] ftlds i’pkr~ ppkZ vkSj jpukRed lq>ko ‘kkfey gksus pkfg,( ckº; ijh{kk]
ekSf[kd vFkok izLrqfr ds :i esa gks ldrh gSA
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i ¼d½ iqLrd dh leh{kk ¼[k½ ys[k dh leh{kk] iksVZy dh leh{kk vkfn
izd`fr ¼d½ LukrdksÙkj Lrj ¼[k½ LukrdiwoZ@LukrdksÙkj Lrj
ykHk foospu vkSj ewY;kadu dh vko’;drk( fo’ks”kK dkls dk;Z ekeyss djrs gS ;g le>us dk volj
feyrk gS( O;fDrxr dk;Z ftlls Nk= dks viuh le> iznf’kZr djus dk volj izkIr gksrk gSA
Lkhek,a Nk=ksa dks leh{kk djus ds rjhds fl[kkus dh vko’;drk gS( lVhd ys[k izkIr djus esa dfBukbZ
gksrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr 1 ls 2 ikB~;Øe esa lsesLVj esa ,d ckjA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Nk= dh :fp vkSj mi;ksfxrk ds vk/kkj ij fo”k; gksuk pkfg,( igys Nk=ksa dks vPNh leh{kkvksa
vkSj ewyHkwr vis{kkvksa ls ifjfpr djkuk pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Lo&fLFkfr ewY;kadu lk/ku kwl ¼tkuuk&tkuus dh ftKklk&fo}ku½( fopkjkRed if=dk,a
izd`fr kwl ,d lk/kkj.k izi= gS ftls Nk=ksa dks ikB ¼kw½ ls igys vkSj blds ckn ¼L½ Hkjuk gksrk
gS( fopkjkRed if=dkvksa dks Mk;jh ds :Ik esa j[kk tkrk gS ftlesa Nk= izR;sd d{kk vFkok ikB
ds ckn vius vuqHko fy[krk gSA
ykHk Nk= vkSj f’k{kd dks izR;sd ikB ds ckn ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gS( Nk= ds e/;
*esVk&dkWxusfVo* vkSj *gkWV* dkS’ky dk fodkl djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gS( f’k{kd dks ikB esa fNis
vkSj ikB~; lkis{k igywvksa dk irk yxkus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
Lkhek,a ;g T;knk le; ysus okyk gksrk gS vkSj izR;sd d{kk esa Nk=ksa dhs ys[kuh dk ladyu djus vkSj
Øeokj yxkus esa leL;k gksrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr izR;sd fnu@izR;sd ikB@izR;sd lIrkg
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Lkaxzg.k dks de djus ds fy, dsMCY;w,y dks lewg dk;Z ds :Ik esa fd;k tk ldrk gS( Nk=ksa ds lap;h
fjdkMZ j[kus vkSj lksikuh ewY;kadu ds fy, if=dk ys[k dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i ekeyk v/;;u

izd`fr Nk= fn, x, ekeys dk fo’ys”k.k djrk gS vkSj dqN fn, x, eqÌs ¼okLrfod vFkok dkYifud½
vFkok iz’uksa ds laca/k esa lek/kku [kkstrk gSA
ykHk mPp Js.kh ds fopkj&euu] ewY; vkSj n`f”Vdks.k ds ewY;kadu ds fy, ,d cgwewY; rduhd gS(
jpukRed vkSj uohu lek/kku ds fy, izsfjr djrk gS( ;fn lewg esa dk;Z fd;k tk, rks lewg ds
eku esa o`f) gks ldrh gSA
Lkhek,a KkukRed] HkkokRed vkSj lkekftd dkS’ky dh lEiw.kZ jsat dk ewY;kadu djus ds fy, ekeyk
v/;;u rS;kj djus vFkok izkIr djus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr fu;fer tkap@ijh{kk vFkok fufnZ”V dk;Z dk HkkxA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx dHkh&dHkh Nk=ksa dks izklafxd dkS’kyksa ds fy, ekeys <wa<us ds fy, dgk tk ldrk gS ftlij
mudk ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ekSf[kd i)fr
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i ekSf[kd ijh{kk@okfpd ijh{kk
izd`fr ,d Nk= vFkok NksVs lewg esa fd;k tkrk gS( izk;% izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa ,d lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA
ykHk mPPk Lrj dh izekf.kdrk] vyx {ks=ksa vFkok dkS’kyksa ds fy, vPNk( ckn esa lk{kkRdkj ds fy,
,d csgrj izk;ksfxd vuqHkoA
Lkhek,a lHkh Nk= ekSf[kd ijh{kk esa vPNk ugha djrs( leku iz’uksa ds iz;ksx gksus ds ckn esa Lkk{kkRdkj nsus
okys Nk=ksa dks rS;kjh djus dk volj feyrk gS( tSls&tSls fnu chrrs gaS iz’u dfBu gksrs tkrs
gSa( dsoy ladqfpr dkS’ky dk irk pyrk gS( ijh{kk xksiuh; ugha jgrh gSaA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr Ikzfr lsesLVj 2 ls 3 ckj] dqN ikB~;Øeksa esa ,d RkS;kjh ds fy, vkSj ,d l=kar esaA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx LukrdksÙkj Lrj ds fy, fo’ks”kKksa dk iSuy ijh{kk ys ldrk gS( vadu dh i)fr ds ckjs esa
ewY;kadudrkZ vkSj Nk=ksa dks tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Lkewg dk;Z

Lkewg ppkZ@*fQ’k ckWmy* rduhd@*jksy&Iys*@izekf.kd leL;k lek/kku
izd`fr 2 ls 5 Nk=ksa dk NksVk lewg( lnL;] la;qDr :Ik ls dk;Z djrs gSaA
ykHk fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku( lewg dk;Z ds fy, izsfjr djrs gSa ¼lg;ksx vkSj leUo;½(
izekf.kd dkS’ky fodkl ds fy, volj( cgq O;fDrRo {ks=&KkukRed] HkkokRed ¼ewY;] –f”Vdks.k
vkfn½] lkekftd] euksferh; ds fodkl vkSj ewY;kadu ds fy, volj( mPprj Js.kh dk fparu
dkS’kyA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Lkewg dk;Z

Lkewg ppkZ@^fQ'k ckWmy* rduhd@^jksy&Iys*@izekf.kd leL;k lek/kku
Lkhek,a O;fDrXkr iz;kl dk ewY;kadu djus esa dfBukbZ( vk;kstu djus esa Nk=ksa dk le; u”V gksuk( dqN
Nk= vU; Nk=ksa ls csgrj dj ldrs gSa] vU; Nk= vkxs c<+us ls jksd ldrs gSaA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr izR;sd lsesLVj esa ,d RkS;kjh ds lkFk] vkSj dfri; ikB~;Øeksa esa vkSj ,d l=kar ds nkSjkuA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Ckuk;k x;k lewg eksVs rkSj ij leku gh gksuk pkfg,( nh xbZ leL;k,a leku gksuh pkfg,( izR;sd
lewg ds lnL; dh fof’k”V Hkwfedk gksuh pkfg,( f’k{kk ds lHkh {ks=ksa lfgr vadu dh i)fr gsrq
:fczd dk fu/kkZj.k ikjLifjd :Ik ls djuk pkfg,A
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i ^jSfiM QkW;j* iz'u

izd`fr fdlh fo”k; ij iz’u rsth ls iwNs tkus pkfg, vkSj mldk mRrj Hkh ‘kh?kzrk ls fn;k tkuk
pkfg,A
ykHk csgrj i)fr vkSj Nk=ksa ds cks/k ds Lrj dk ewY;kadu( KkukRed pqukSrh ds Lrj dks c<+krk gSA
Lkhek,a ‘kehZys Nk= [kq’kh ls Hkkx ugha ysaxs( Ikjh{kk LFky ij ewY;kadu djuk dfBu gks ldrk gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr ;Fkk visf{kr] d{kk f’k{k.k esa lfEefyr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Nk=ksa dks vPNs iz’u ds ekud crkus pkfg,( csgrj fu”i{krk ds fy, nks ewY;kadudrkZvksa }kjk
ewY;kadu djk;k tk ldrk gS( lVhd ewY;kadu ds fy, bls fjdkMZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i vU; ikB&;ksftr rduhd wsq ¼ns[kks&lkj cukvks&iz'u djks½@,d iz'u dk iz'uksÙkjh@
fparu&;qXe&vknku&iznku@lqdjkrh f'k{kk
izd`fr jpukRed izfrfØ;k miyC/k djkus ds fy, fu;fer ikB~; esa bls chp&chp esa j[kk tkrk gSA
ykHk jpukRed ewY;kadu ds fy, mRd`”V( lap;h ifj.kke dk mi;ksx xzsfMax djus ds iz;kstu ls fd;k tk
ldrk gS( Nk=ksa dks d{kk esa lko/kku vkSj lfØ; j[krk gSa
Lkhek,a vfrfjDr d{kk le; dh vko’;drkA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx vko’;drkuqlkj izR;sd ikBA
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i {ks= ewY;kadu

izd`fr fjiksVZ ds lkFk {ks= dk nkSjk
ykHk Ikzekf.kd ewY;kadu izi=( voyksdu dk fodkl djuk vkSj dkS’ky dks fjdkMZ djuk( laxBu dkS’ky
dh vko’;drkA
Lkhek,a Ik;Zos{k.k djuk [kphZyk( le;&lkj.kh cukuk dfBu( vkpkj laca/kh vkSj lqj{kkRed eqn~nksa ij fopkj
djus dh vko’;drkA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr lsesLVj esa ,d ckjA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Nk=ksa dks uksV rS;kj djus vkSj fjiksVZ fy[kus ds ckjs esa crkuk pkfg,( ;fn fofHkUu LFkkuksa dk nkSjk
djrs gSa rks fjiksVZ dks d{kk esa j[kuk pkfg, rkfd vuqHkoksa vkSj Kku dks lk>k fd;k tk ldsA
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i laxks"Bh@i= dk izLrqfrdj.k

izd`fr d{kk esa la[;k ds vk/kkj ij lewg esa vFkok O;fDrxr :Ik ls dk;Z
ykHk izLrqrdrkZ dh izekf.kdrk ij dksbZ lansg ugha( Nk= viuh izLrqfr xaHkhjrkiwoZd nsrs gSa( O;fDrxr
vFkok lewg dk;Z ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS( iz’u vkSj mRrj l= rFkk vuqorhZ dk;Zokgh
ls egRoiw.kZ dkS’kyksa dk fodkl djus esa lgk;rk fey ldrh gS( Nk= vius vkSj izR;sd izLrqrdrkZ
ls lh[k ldrs gSa( led{kksa dh izfrfØ;k izkIr djus dk volj gksrk gSA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i laxks"Bh@i= dk izLrqfrdj.k

Lkhek,a vf/kd le; ysus okyk gks ldrk gS ¼fo’ks”k:Ik ls cMs+ lewgksa esa½( vius Nk=ksa dh izLrqfr {kerk
ls vufHkK gksrs gSa( izLrqfr dh xzsfMax ds laca/k esa vuqjks/kksa ls fuiVuk dfBu gks ldrk gS( izLrqfr
xksiuh; ugha gks ldrh( fu’kDrrkxzLr dqN Nk=ksa dks izLrqfr nsus esa dfBukbZ gks ldrh gSA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr lHkh cMs+ ikB~;Øeksa esa izfr lsesLVj ,dA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Nk=ksa dks laxksf”B esa ys[ku] izLrqrhdj.k vkSj iz’u djus dkS’ky ls vuqdwy cukuk pkfg,( lHkh
Nk=ksa ds fy, iz’u djus vkSj ppkZ esa Hkkx ysuk vfuok;Z gksuk pkfg,( lHkh ?kVdksa ;Fkk izLrqfr]
ppkZ] iz’u] ys[ku i= vkfn ds fy, vdau laca/kh ekud fofufnZ”V gksus pkfg,A
ewY;kadu dk izdkj iksLVj izLrqfr

ykHk ewY;kadu lk/ku ds fy, izn’kZ vk;ke tksM+sa( led{k&led{k@f’k{kd laokn( Nk= ,d&nwljs ds
iksLVj ls lh[k ldrs gSa( vuqla/kku] jpukRedrk vkSj ppkZ dkS’ky dk fodkl gksrk gSA
Lkhek,a futh –f”Vdks.k ds vk/kkj ij xszfMax fd, tkus dh laHkkouk gks ldrh gSA
vko`fr lsesLVj esa ,d ckjA
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Nk=ksa dks fofHkUu iksLVjksa ds fofHkUu iz:iksa ls voxr gksuk pkfg,( ppkZ djds izn’kZu djuk pkfg,(
Nk=ksa vkSj f’k{kdksa dks xszfMax ekud dh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A
O;kogkfjd i)fr
ewY;kadu dk izdkj Ikz;ksx'kkyk dk;Z] dEI;wVj vuq:irk@vkHkklh iz;ksx'kkyk] gLrdyk dk;Z] dk;Z vuqHko
Ikzd`fr lHkh dk;ksZa esa gLr dk;Z lfgr dk;Z ds cMs+ ?kVd lfEefyr gksrs gSaA fl)kar ds laiwjd ds :Ik esa
iz;ksx gksrk gSA
ykHk Nk=ksa dks dk;Z djus gsrq cuk, j[krk gS( bldh Lo:i jpukRed gksrk gS D;ksafd blls Nk=ksa vkSj
f’k{kdks dks LFky ij ghs izfrfØ;k nsus dk volj feyrk gS( blls ^izfØ;k ewY;kadu* ds fy, volj
feyrk gS( lh[ks x, fl)kar dks vuqiz;ksx] vuqokn vkSj foospu djus ds fy, izksRlkgu nsaA
Lkhek,a Lkko/kkuhiwoZd vk;kstuk vkSj Ik;Zos{k.k djus dh vko’;drkA
lq>kbZ xbZ vko`fr Lo;a d{kk esa gh jpukRedrk( fu;fer tkap vkSj ijh{kkvksa ds lkFk ¼ekfld] lsesLVj ds var esa½
lq>k;k x;k mi;ksx Ik;kZIr izn’kZu vkSj vH;kl gksuk pkfg,( Nk=ksa vkSj f’k{kdksa dks xszfMax ekud dh tkudkjh gksuh
pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
3- ewY;kadu #fczd
3-1 ifjp;
ewY;kadu laca/kh #fczd ftls vadu funsZ’kd Hkh dgrs gS] og lk/ku gS ftldk iz;ksx ekudksa vkSj ekunaMksa ds vk/kkj
ij fdlh Hkh izdkj ds dk;Z ds fy, foospu djus vkSj Nk=ksa dks xzsM nsus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
ewY;kadu #fczd] ewY;kadu dk;Z esa oLrqfu”Brk dks c<+kus vkSj fo”k;fu”Brk dks de djus ds fy, lk/ku miyC/k
djkrk gS( ewY;kdau ij Li”V izR;k’kk dks j[krk gS vkSj bls KkuvtZu ds ifj.kke ls laca) djrk gS( leku Lo:i ds
ewY;kadu ds fy, ikB~;Øe vuqns’kdksa ds chp vadu izfØ;k esa lrrrk] ikjnf’kZrk vkSj fu”Ik{krk lqfuf’pr djrk gS(
Nk=ksa ds cMs+ lewg ds fy, xzsM vFkok vad nsus esa n{krkiwoZd dk;Z djrk gS( e/;e vadu ds fy, Li”V fn’kkfunsZ’k
nsrk gS vkSj fo’ys”k.k gsrq vf/kd oLrqijd vkadMsa miyC/k djkrk gSA
3-2 #fczd dh lajpuk
lkekU;r% fxzM ds :Ik esa ,d xszfMax@vadu@Ldksfjax #fczd] ikB~;Øe vuqns’kd ds fy, ewY;kadu lk/ku rS;kj djus
gsrq fu”iknu] ekunaM vkSj fu:id ?kVdksa dks lfEefyr djrk gSA
#fczd ‘kh”kZd
ekunaM fu”iknu dk Lrj
izkIrkad 1 izkIrkad 2 izkIrkad 3
ekunaM 1
ekunaM 2 fu:id
ekunaM 3
ewY;kadu ekunaM tkap fd, tkus ds fy, mu fo’ks”krkvksa vkSj [kkfl;rksa ds ckjs esa crkrk gS ftls ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu
ds ifj.kkeLo:i izkIr djuk pkfg, vkSj ;g bafxr djrk gS fd D;k iznf’kZr fd;k tkuk gSA
fu"iknu dk Lrj og jsfVax vFkok vkdyu gS tks #fczd }kjk ;Fkk fofufnZ”V fo’ks”k ekunaMksa ij miyfC/k dh Js.kh
gS] ;Fkk mRd`”V@vPNk@larks”ktud@[kjkc vkfnA
fu:id mu xq.kksa dh igpku djrk gS ftls izR;sd ekunaM ds fy, fu”iknu ds izR;sd Lrj dh miyfC/k dk izn’kZu
djus dh vko’;drk gksrk gSA NksVh O;k[;k ds :Ik esa lwphc) ;g Nk=ksa ds fu”iknu dk feyku djus ds fy,
ewY;kadu ij okLrfod fu.kZ; djus ds fy, ekxZfunsZ’ku djrk gSA
uhps fn;k x;k m)j.k dqN ekunaMksa] fu”iknu dk Lrj vkSj fu:id dk C;ksjk gSA
ekunaM fu"iknu ¼vad½
5 3 1
fo”k;&oLrq izLrqr lkexzh iw.kZ] lVhd vkSj rF;ksa izLrqr lkexzh vkaf’kd :Ik ls iw.kZ vkSj izLrqr lkexzh viw.kZ vkSj
rFkk vkadMksa ls lgh rjg ls ;qDr dqN LFkkuksa ij fOk”k;karj FkhA ekssVs&rkSj ij fo”k;karj FkhA
FkkA
Kku vkSj cks/k laxks”Bh esa Kku vkSj rF;ksa] ‘kCnkoyh laxks”Bh esa Kku vkSj rF;ksa] ‘kCnkoyh laxks”Bh esa Kku vkSj rF;ksa]
vkSj fl)kar dk iw.kZ :i ls izn’kZu vkSj fl)kar dk e/;e izn’kZu fd;k ‘kCnkoyh vkSj fl)kar dk
fd;k x;kA x;kA lhfer izn’kZu fd;k x;kA
ppkZ Nk= us ppkZ esa lfØ; :Ik ls Hkkx Nk= us ppkZ esa lhfer :i ls Hkkx Nk= us ppkZ esa Hkkx ugha
fy;k vkSj iz’uksa dk fo’okltud fy;k vkSj dqN iz’uksa dk fo’okltud fy;k vkSj vf/kdka’k iz’uksa
mRRkj fn;kA mRRkj fn;kA dk fo’okltud mRRkj ugha
ns ik;kA
fp= 8 % laxks”Bh esa izLrqrhdj.k;ksX; #fczd

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
3-3 ewY;kadu #fczd ds Lo:i

lexz #fczd% ;g ekurk gS fd dk;Z dk ewY;kadu lezx :Ik ls gksuk pkfg,] u fd bls fHkUu ekunaMksa ds dqy ;ksx
ds :Ik esa ysuk pkfg,A blesa fof’k”V fo”k;OkLrq vFkok dkS’kyksa ds lexz ewY;kadu ds ij /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k tkrk
gSA lEiw.kZ dk;Z@dke ds fy, dsoy ,d vad iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g lkekU;r% lk/kkj.k dk;Z ds fy, mi;ksxh
gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] lHkh ekunaMksa ij ,d lkFk fopkj djrs gq, y?kq fuca/k dks xszMc) fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fo’ys”k.kkRed #fczd % ;g ekunaMksa ds fxzM vkSj miyfC/k;ksa ds Lrj dh fo’ks”krk gSA ;g vusd ekunaMksa ij fof’k”V
izfrfØ;k nsrk gSA ;g ml dk;Z ds fy, mi;qDr gksrk gS ftudk vusd ekunaMksa ij ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk gksrk
gSA
3-4 ,d :fczd dk fodkl
fuEufyf[kr dne viuk,a tk,a%
• ewY;kadu ds fy, KkuvtZu fu”d”kks± dh igpku djsa A
• KkuvtZu fu”d”kks± ds vk/kkj ij ekunaMksa ds laca/k esa fu.kZ; ysuk vFkkZr~, fo’ks”krk,a] ftuij Nk= ds izn’kZu
dks vkadk tk,xkA
• izn’kZu ds Lrj dk p;u djsa vFkkZr~ ,d mi;qä izkIrkad i)fr dk p;u djsa tksfd ewY;kadu vkSj pqus x,
iSekus ds Lo:i ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg,A
• o.kZudrkZ dk mYys[k djsa] vFkkZr izn’kZu ds izR;sd Lrj ds fy, izR;sd fo’ks”krk ds laca/k esa visf{kr miyfC/k
dk o.kZu djsaA o.kZu fof’k”V] Li”V vkSj lqlaxr gksuk pkfg,A
• dk;kZUo;u ls igys :fczd dk Nk= ds ewY;kadu ds ,d uewus ij ijh{k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
4- ckg~; vkSj lrr~ vkarfjd ewY;kadu i)fr;ka

4-1 ekStwnk ijh{kk iz.kkyh
ekStwnk ijh{kk iz.kkyh ijaijkxr :i ls ckâ; fo’ofo|ky; ijh{kkvksa ij fuHkZj gS] tks dbZ n’kdksa ls vifjoÆrr cuh gqbZ
gSA ,d Nk= dh {kerk vkof/kd ¼lsesLVj@okÆ”kd½ ijh{kk ds var esa r; dh tkrh gSA blfy,] bl vafre ijh{kk esa vf/
kd vad izkIr djuk gh Nk= dk ,dek= mÌs’; gSA ekStwnk iz.kkyh Nk=ksa ij vuqfpr ncko Mkyrh gS D;ksafd mUgsa ukSdjh
;k mPprj f’k{kk dfj;j dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, mPp vad izkIr djus iM+rs gSaA rFkkfi] ge ikrs gSa fd dqN mPprj f’k{kk
laLFkku] Nk=ksa dks pquus ds fy, vius Lo;a ds ijh{kk vk;ksftr djrs gSa] tks ;g n’kkZrk gS fd mUgsa ,slh vafre ijh{kkvksa
esa izkIr vadksa ij fo’okl ugha gksrk gSA ;g fLFkfr rFkkdfFkr vafre ijh{kkvksa dh fo’oluh;rk ij Hkh loky mBkrh gSA
blds vykok] Hkkjr esa lekt dh orZeku izfrf”Br mikf/k;ksa dh vafre ijh{kk gsrq mifLFkr gksus okys Nk=ksa ls viuh Lo;a
dh vk’kk,a gksrh gSaA ;fn ,d Nk= mPp vad izkIr djrk gS] os Lusg ds ik= gksrs gSa] nwljh vksj vxj ,d Nk= mPp
vad izkIr djus esa foQy jgrk gS rks mUgsa fuEu fu”ikndksa ds :i esa fpfºur dj fn;k tkrk gS vFkok vPNk ugha leÖkk
tkrk gSA lPpkbZ ;g gS fd tks Nk= fdlh ukSdjh dks ikus esa l{ke gksrs gSa] mUgsa viuh ukSdjh@ O;kogkfjd@vuqiz;ksx
dkS’ky vkSj lwÖkcwÖk ls csgrj fu”iknu djuk gksrk gSA ek= ‘kS{kf.kd izkIrkadksa ij /;ku dsafær djus ls fuf’Pkr :i ls
bl izdkj ds O;kogkfjd dkS’ky esa lq/kkj ugha gksxkA
dsoy tkudkjh dks iqu% Lej.k djus ds vk/kkj ij ewY;kadu iz.kkyh dks rS;kj djus ls orZeku ifjn`’; esa enn ugha
feysxh; cfYd f’k{kkÆFk;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ij /;ku dsafær djus dh t:jr gSA bl ckr ij cy nsuk t+:jh gS fd
jVus dh izFkk dks grksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj dsoy ml fLFkfr esa gh gksuk laHko gS tc vkarfjd
vkSj ckg~; ewY;kadu dk lgh feJ.k ds ek/;e ls ewY;kadu fd;k tk,A rFkkfi] ewY;kadu djuk dfBu gS] ewY;kadu i)fr
esa Nk=ksa dh jpukRedrk, ekSfydrk ds lanHkZ esa Nk=ksa dh {kerkvksa dks mtkxj djuk pkfg,] ewy vkSj u, Kku tksM+uk
pkfg, vkSj bl rjg ls, ewY;kadu dh i)fr vkSj vf/kd Lo&fofu;ked gksuh pkfg,A
f’k{k.k v/;kiu tksfd vkarfjd ewY;kadu i)fr varÆufgr gksrh gS rFkk mlij cy nsrh gS] og f’k{kd vkSj Nk=] nksuksa
l’kä cuk ldrh gS rkfd os viuh iw.kZ {kerk vkSj lkeF;Z ds vuqlkj izn’kZu dj ldsaA vU; dkS’kyksa ds vykok]
egRoiw.kZ lksp ds fuekZ.k ij /;ku dsafær djuk] leL;k dks lqyÖkkus ds n`f”Vdks.k vkSj ifj;kstuk vk/kkfjr KkuvtZu
dk vR;ar egRo gSA ;g f’k{k.k KkuvtZu izfØ;k esa ifjorZu ykus esa lgk;rk djsaxsA
4-2 ewY;kadu ds ekWMy
ewY;kadu ds Lo:iksa vkSj ewY;kadu ds f=dks.kh;u ds vk/kkj ij lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd nksuksa] ikB~¸kØeksa ds ewY;kadu
ds fy, dk;kZUo;u ds ekWMyksa dk lqÖkko fn;k tkrk gSA lHkh ekWMy lrr~ ewY;kadu] lfeJ.k Lo:i ij /;ku dsafær
djrs gSa] rkfd f’k{kd vkSj Nk=] nksuksa ds fy, lrr~ :i ls izfrfØ;k izkIr gksrh jgsA fu;fer varjky ij ewY;kadu ds
,d izdkj dh vusd ewY;kadu i)fr ykxw djuk vFkok vusd esa ls lcls vPNk pquuk laHko gSA blls Nk= dkS’ky vkSj
izn’kZu ds Lrj ij lq/kkj djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr gksaxsA
ekWMy 1 ¼lS)kafrd ikB~¸kØe ds fy,½ ekWMy 2 ¼lS)kafrd ikB~¸kØe ds fy,½
vkarfjd&70 izfr’kr ¼140 vad½] ckg~;&30 izfr’kr ¼60 vad½ vkarfjd&70 izfr’kr ¼140 vad½] ckg~;&30 izfr’kr ¼60 vad½
vkarfjd ewY;kadu i)fr;ka vkarfjd ewY;kadu i)fr;ka
d{kk esa yh tkus okyh ijh{kk ¼3 esa ls loZJs”B 2x35 vad d{kk esa yh tkus okyh ijh{kk + nSfud x`g dk;Z 2x35 vad
2½ 1 ¼3 esa ls loZJs”B 2½
iz’uksŸkjh ¼4 esa ls loZJs”B 3½ 3x10 vad nSfud x`g dk;Z 2 ¼vfuok;Z½ 40 vad
,l ,aM thMh lfØ; KkuvtZu 10 vad ,l ,aM thMh@vuqf’k{k.k@lfØ; KkuvtZu@ 20 vad
vfrfjä dk;Z
x`g fufnZ”V dk;Z 10 vad mifLFkfr 10 vad
d{kk esa fd;k tkus okyk fufnZ”V dk;Z 10 vad cká&¼lsesLVj dk var½ 60 vad
mifLFkfr 10 vad
cká&¼lsesLVj dk var½ 60 vad

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ekWMy 3 ¼lS)kafrd ikB~¸kØe ds fy,½ ekWMy 4 ¼lS)kafrd ikB~¸kØe ds fy,½

vkarfjd&70 izfr’kr ¼140 vad½] ckg~;&30 izfr’kr ¼60 vad½ vkarfjd&70 izfr’kr ¼140 vad½] ckg~;&30 izfr’kr ¼60 vad½
lkIrkfgd x`g dk;Z 40 vad lkIrkfgd x`g dk;Z 30 vad
d{kk esa yh tkus okyh ijh{kk,a 2x35 vad xzaFk lwph dh leh{kk@fuca/k@iksLVj izLrqfr 2x10 vad
iz’uksŸkj@,l ,aM thMh@vuqf’k{k.k@lfØ; 20 vad d{kk esa yh tkus okyh ijh{kk 2x30 vad
KkuvtZu@vfrfjä dk;Z
mifLFkfr 10 vad iz’uksŸkjh@,l ,aM thMh@vuqf’k{k.k@lfØ; 20 vad
KkuvtZu@vfrfjä dk;Z
cká&¼lsesLVj dk var½ 60 vad mifLFkfr 10 vad
cká&¼lsesLVj dk var½ 60 vad
O;kogkfjd ikB~¸kØe ds fy, ekWMy ifj;kstuk ds fy, ekWMy@Lo&v/;;u ewY;kadu

vkarfjd &70 izfr’kr ¼140 vad½] ckg~;&30 izfr’kr ¼60 vad½ vkarfjd&70 izfr’kr ¼140 vad½] ckg~;&30 izfr’kr ¼60 vad½
iz;ksx’kkyk esa fd, tkus okys dk;Z dk ewY;kadu 2x25 vad ifj;kstuk dk;Z dk ewY;kadu ¼4 esa ls loZJs”B 3½ 3x40
¼3 esa ls loZJs”B 2½ vad
ekSf[kd ijh{kk@iz;ksx’kkyk lac/kh iz’uksŸkjh 2x40 vad ppkZ esa Hkkxhnkjh 10 vad
¼3 esa ls loZJs”B 2½
mifLFkfr 10 vad mifLFkfr 10 vad
ikB~¸kØe dk var&yEch O;kogkfjd ijh{kk rFkk 60 vad cká ¼lsesLVj dk var½ 60 vad
ekSf[kd ijh{kk
dk;Z vuqHko ds fy, ekWMy ikB~¸kØe ewY;kadu

vkarfjd& ‘krizfr’kr ¼200 vad½
oLrqfu”B ijh{kk ¼3 esa ls loZJs”B 2½ 2 x 25 vad
O;kogkfjd lg ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼3 esa ls loZJs”B 2½ 2 x 40 vad
o`gn ¼eqä ewY;kadu cgq Lo:i½ 50 vad
mifLFkfr 20 vad
4-3 vkarfjd ewY;kadu gsrq dqN fn’kkfunsZ’k

Nk= }kjk izkIr dkS’ky] ewY;ksa vkSj Kku dk vkdyu djus ds fy,] lacaf/kr ladk; lnL; dks vkarfjd ewY;kadu
djuk gksrk gSA vkarfjd ewY;kadu esa fuEufyf[kr ‘kkfey gks ldrs gSa%
i. fo’ofo|ky; }kjk is’kd’k fd, tkus okys lHkh Lukrd] LukrdksŸkj] ,e-fQy- vkSj ih,p-Mh- dk;ZØeksa esa
vkarfjd ewY;kadu ds fy, fofuÆn”V ?kVd gksuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy,] fuca/k] vuqf’k{k.k] x`g fufnZ”V
dk;Z] laxksf”B;ka] izLrqfr;k¡] iz;ksx’kkyk dk;Z] ;wfuV ijh{kk] dk;Z’kkyk] ifj;kstuk vk/kkfjr KkuvtZu] lgdehZ
leh{kk,¡] iz’uksŸkjh] Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ KkuvtZu ds vU; rRoksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ii. lrr~ ewY;kadu@fu/kkZj.k dh vuqlwph vkSj i)fr dk fu.kZ; lacaf/kr laLFkk }kjk vfxze :i ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,
vkSj laLFkkxr fofu;eksa vkSj Nk= lwpuk foojf.kdk ds ek/;e ls lHkh Nk=ksa vkSj ladk; dks izpkfjr fd;k
tkuk pkfg,A ladk; lnL;ksa ds leorhZ vkSj lrr ewY;kadu ds lkFk vkarfjd ewY;kadu@fu/kkZj.k ds ?kVdksa dks
Nk=ksa }kjk iwjk djus ds fy, ,d le;& lhek fu/kkZfjr dh tk,xhA **tks f’k{k.k djrk gS] mls ewY;kadu djuk

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
pkfg,** ds fl)kar dk ikyu djrs gq, lrr~ vkarfjd ewY;kadu@ fu/kkZj.k f’k{kd }kjk fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj
ewY;kadu ifj.kke iwoZ& fu/kkZfjr vad vFkok xzsM }kjk n’kkZ, tkus pkfg,A ijh{kk,a ftUgsa f’k{kdksa }kjk rS;kj
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ‘kS{kf.kd v/;kiu ds nkSjku vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS mUgsa l=kar ijh{kkvksa ds foijhr mPp
eku okyh ijh{kk,a ekuk tkrk gS] tks Lo:i esa vf/kd Hk;kog gksrh gSaA rFkkfi] f’k{kdksa dks ,slh ijh{kk,a rS;kj
djrs le; Lo& ewY;kadu vFkok led{k& ewY;kadu ds vo;oksa dks ‘kkfey djuk gksxkA
iii. ikjnf’kZrk] U;k;iw.kZ O;ogkj vkSj tokcnsgh dks lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, lHkh ladk; lnL;ksa }kjk lkSais x,
ewY;kadu fjiksVZ dks mi;qDr izkf/kdkjh }kjk xfBr bl laLFkk dh lfefr }kjk le;≤ ij leh{kk dh tkuh
gksrh gSA
iv. bl lfefr }kjk lehf{kr vkarfjd ewY;kadu ds ifj.kke dh vdkneh dSys.Mj dh le;&lhek ds vuqlkj
?kks”k.kk dh tkuh gksrh gS vkSj uksfVl cksMZ ij bls iznf’kZr fd;k tkuk gksrk gSA
v. ckg~; ewY;kadu ¼EE½ dh rqyuk esa vkarfjd ewY;kadu ¼IE½ ds vuqikr dks LukrdiwoZ ¼30%70½ vkSj LukdksRrj
¼40%60½ ds fy, fofufnZ”V fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ‘kq:vkr esa vkbZbZ dk vuqikr de gks ldrk gSA bls vuqHko ds
ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij pj.kc) rjhds ls mRrjksRrj c<+kdj 50 izfr’kr rd fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;|fi] bls
lS)kafrd :Ik ls Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] fdarq O;ogkfjd :Ik esa bu eqn~nksa dks lqy>k, tkus vkSj lekIr
fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA
rFkkfi] bl ckr dk /;ku j[kk tkuk gksrk gS vkarfjd ewY;kadu dh ;kstuk ,d ekud iz.kkyh vFkok :Ik vFkok
izdkj ds vuq:i ugha gksA vkarfjd ewY;kadu ds laxr izdkjksa dks izR;sd fof’k”V fo”k; dh vko’;drk vkSj vis{kk ds
vuqlkj fodflr fd;k tkuk gksrk gSA ,slk dksbZ ekud ugha gS tks lcds fy, lgh cSBsA f’k{kdksa dks ,slh vkarfjd
ewY;kadu ;kstukvksa dks lQyrkiwoZd ykxw djus ds fy, dk;Z’kkykvksa ds ek/;e ls lrr~ lgk;rk vkSj izf’k{k.k iznku
fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gksrh gS vU;Fkk ,d vuqfpr dk;ksZa ls Nk=ksa esa ;g vo/kkj.kk iSnk gksxh ftlesa mUgsa bldh
fu”Bk vkSj i{kikrghurk ij la’k; gksxkA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
5- ØsfMV iz.kkyh vkSj xzsfMax

5-1 ifjp;
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us Lo;a Nk=ksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr xfr ds vk/kkj ij ØsfMV vftZr dj mDr ikB~;Øe dks iwjk
djus ds fy, yphysiu ds lkFk ikB~;Øe esa Nk=ksa dks fodYi nsus ds fopkjkFkZ ØsfMV iz.kkyh ds vk/kkj ij bl fodYi
ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, 2015 esa lHkh fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks fn’kkfunsZ’k tkjh fd;k FkkA bl iz.kkyh esa Nk=ksa dks mudh
KkuvtZu laca/kh vko’;drkvksa] fgr vkSj ;ksX;rk ds vuqlkj var%fo”k;d] varjk& fo”k;d ikB~;Øeksa dks pquus dh vuqefr
gksrh gSA bls ,d *vkgkfjdk n`f”Vdks.k* ¼dSQhVsfj;k ,izksp½ ds :Ik esa ekuk x;k ,oa vk’kk dh tkrh gS fd blls Nk=ksa
dks xfr’khyrk izkIr gksxhA
laLFkkvksa esa izpfyr orZeku ØsfMV iz.kkyh esa O;kid lq/kkj dh vko’;drk gS D;ksafd muesa cgqr de yphysiu] fodYi
dh xqatkb’k gS vkSj ;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds de vuqdwy gSA vkt] iznku dh tk jgh mikf/k;ka vf/kd Lor%iw.kZ gSa] ftudk fof’k”V
{ks=ksa ij cy fn;k tkrk gS vkSj dsoy foHkkx ds ladk; lnL;ksa ds ikl miyC/k Kku ij vf/kd fuHkZj gSaA ;|fi] lcls
vf/kd visf{kr ØsfMV iz.kkyh miyC/k gS ftlesa Nk=ksa dks O;kid fodYi vkSj yphykiu iznku fd;k tkrk gS] fdarq ;s
Hkkjr esa gtkjksa dh la[;k esa ‘kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa ds bl fo’kky leqnz esa NksVs ls }hiksa ds :Ik esa fo|eku gSaA ,slh laLFkkvksa
esa ikB~;Øeksa dks vDlj fMtkbu fd;k tkrk gS tks Nk=ksa ds vuqdwy gksrk gS vkSj ;g Nk=ksa ds fy, ikB~;Øeksa dks pquus
vkSj ilan djus ds fy, ,d O;kid fo’ks”kKrk iznku djrk gSA
;g laLFkk,a iz;kl djsaxh] tgkaa ØsfMV iz.kkyh dh :Ikjs[kk vkSj KkuvtZu o ewY;kadu Lo:i O;fDrxr ikB~;Øe f’k{kdksa
dk mÙkjnkf;Ro gksxkA Nk=ksa dks vU; fo’ks”kKrk ls ikB~;Øeksa dks pquus dh Lora=rk gksuh pkfg, u fd mudh ewy
fo’ks”kKrk lsA blds fy, fo’ofo|ky; ds foHkkxksa o ckgj ds chp etcwr laca/k gksuk pkfg,A
5-2 xzsfMax iz.kkyh
vf/kdka’k laLFkk,a iw.kZ xzsfMax iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k djrh gSa tks ,d lkekU; izfØ;k gS ftlesa Nk=ksa }kjk izkIr vad ,d
fof’k”V xzsM vkSj xzsM fcanq ds rnuq:ih gksrk gSA ;g fdlh lewg@ oxZ ds fdlh lanHkZ ds fcuk fdlh fo’ks”k fo”k; esa
O;fDrxr dk;Zfu”iknu dks ifjyf{kr djrk gSA iw.kZ xzsfMax iz.kkyh dh lhek,a gksrh gSa vkSj ;g dqN vlaxfr;ksa ds izfr
vfrlaosnu’khy gks ldrs gSaA
nwljh vksj] vkisf{kd xzsfMax iz.kkyh fdlh lewg@ oxZ dks fdlh Nk= dk vkisf{kd dk;Zfu”iknu iznku djrk gS ftlesa
Nk= dks miyfC/k ds vkisf{kd Lrj ds vk/kkj ij fdlh lewg@oxZ esa jSad iznku fd;k tkrk gSA bl iz.kkyh esa ladk;
lnL;ksa }kjk vfxze :Ik esa fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gS fd fdrus vuqikr esa Nk=ksa ds vkisf{kd dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj ij mUgsa
,d fo’ks”k xzsM iznku fd;k tk,xk rFkk bls lkekU; oØ ds vk/kkj ij xzsM fu/kkZfjr djds fd;k tkrk gSA ;g rqyukRed
dk;Zfu”iknu dks lqdj cukrk gS vkSj mRkh.kZ ;k vuqrh.kZ ds udkjkRed izHkko dks lekIr djrk gSA
;fn mDr ikB~;Øe ds fy, iathd`r Nk=ksa dh la[;k de ls de 30 gks rks vkisf{kd xzsfMax iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx fd;k
tk ldrk gSA NksVs vkdkj okyh d{kk ds fy, iw.kZ xzsfMax iz.kkyh ;kstuk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA mDr ikB~;Øe
ds fy, iathd`r Nk=ksa }kjk izkIr dqy vadksa ¼TM½ ds ek/; ¼M½] ekf/;dk ¼Md½ vkSj ekud varj ¼SD½ dh x.kuk djus
ds fy, lek;kstu ds lkFk lkaf[;dh; rjhds dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn ek/; vkSj ekf/;dk ,d tSlh gks
rks vkxs dh lax.kuk ds fy, ek/; dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS vU;Fkk ekf/;dk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;fn ek/; dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rks fuEu rkfydk esa fofufnZ”V vuqØeksa ds vk/kkj ij v{kjkadu xzsM iznku fd;k
tk ldrk gS%
vkisf{kd xzsfMax ds fy, vuqØe
v{kjkadu xzsM vuqØe
A TM ≥ M+1.75 SD
A- M+1.25 SD ≤ TM < M+1.75 SD
B M+0.75 SD ≤ TM < M+1.25 SD

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
v{kjkadu xzsM vuqØe

B- M+0.25 SD ≤ TM < M+0.75 SD
C M-0.25 SD ≤ TM < M-0.25 SD
C- M-0.75 SD ≤ TM < M-0.25 SD
D M-1.25 SD ≤ TM < M-0.75 SD
D- M-1.75 SD ≤ TM < M-1.25 SD
E M-2.0 SD ≤ TM < M-1.75 SD
E- M-2.25 SD ≤ TM < M-2.0 SD
F M-2.25 SD > TM
v{kjkadu xzsM esa fuEufyf[kr Ldhe ds vk/kkj ij lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk gS% xzsM lhekvksa ds fu/kkZj.k ds fy, mi;qDr
rkfydk dk mi;ksx djsaA xzsM lhekvksa ds cxy esa LokHkkfod varj dks <+wa<+sA cxy esa lcls cM+s varj dks pqus vkSj bls
xzsM lhek cuk,aA
^‘E’, ‘E-’&^ vkSj ^,Q^ iw.kZr% lkisf{kd xzM
s ugha gks ldrk gSAa bUgsa fuEufyf[kr vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS%
• mDr ikB~;Øe ds fy, U;wure 30@100 vad dks ikl vad ds :Ik esa fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn
mDr ikB~;Øe ds fy, dqy var 30 ls de gks rks vlQy dk xzsM fn;k tk ldrk gSA vU;Fkk Nk=ksa dks
dsoy ikl xzsM D& fn;k tk ldrk gSA
• mu Nk=ksa dks vlQy dk xzsM fn;k tk ldrk gS ftudk vad fu/kkZfjr U;wure vad ls de gk]s ;|fi
mi;qDr rkfydk ikl xzsM esa ifj.kr gksrk gksA
blh izdkj] *A* xzsM ds fy, Hkh fuEu lhek dks fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] 86 ls vf/kd ;k mlds
lekuA tks Nk= bl fu/kkZfjr U;wure var dks izkIr ugha dj ik;k gks mls fuEu v{kjkadu xzsM fn;k tk ldrk gS Hkys gh
mDr rkfydk vU;Fkk ladsr nsrk gksA ,d i`Fkd vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; ewY;kadu ds ekeys esa vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh ijh{kkvksa
ds fy, ikl xzsM dks vfuok;Z cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
d- vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; vadksa dks dqy 100 vadksa esa ls vad dh lax.kuk ds fy, mi;qDr egRo ds lkFk lkj :Ik
esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA
[k- vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; vadksa dks i`Fkd :Ik esa xzsM fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlds ckn fu/kkZfjr xzsM IokbaV dk
mi;qDr egRo ds lkFk vafre xzsM IokbaV vkSj v{kjkadu xzsM dh lax.kuk ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
iquewZY;kadu] iqutkZap vkSj lq/kkjkRed ijh{kkvksa ds ekeys esa xzsfMax fuEufyf[kr fn’kkfunsZ’kksa ds vk/kkj ij gks ldrh gS%
d- izFke ckj v{kjkadu xzsM iznku djus ds fy, ,d ckj laxf.kr vadksa dk vuqØe] ftls izFke forj.k ¼FD½
esa la’kks/ku ugha fd;k tk,xkA
[k- ;fn iquewZY;kadu ds dkj.k vadksa esa cnyko gksrk gS rks FD dk mi;ksx mi;qDr v{kjkadu xzsM nsus esa ugha
fd;k tk,xkA
x- iqutkZap dh vuqefr nh tk ldrh gS] ;fn
i. Nk=ksa dks E vFkok E& v{kjkadu xzsM izkIr gksA ,sls ekeys esa izkIr vadksa ds fujis{k vf/kdka’kr%
D xzsM iznku fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ii. ;fn izekf.kr :i ls fdlh chekjh vFkok gknls ds dkj.k dksbZ Nk= visf{kr ikB~;Øe dks iwjk djus
esa vleFkZ gksA FD ds bl ekeys esa ,d mi;qDr v{kjkadu xzsM iznku djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k
tk,xkA
lkisf{kd xzsfMax iz.kkyh ds mi;ksx dh flQkfj’k Lok;Rr laLFkkvksa] jk”Vªh; egRo dh laLFkkvksa vkSj mPp jSafdax okyh
laLFkkvksa esa dh tk ldrh gSA lkisf{kd xzsfMax iz.kkyh dks ckn esa bls ykxw djus ds fy, vU; bPNqd laLFkkvksa ds lkFk
,slh laLFkkvksa }kjk lk>k fd;k tk ldrk gSA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
5-3 ØsfMV varj.k uhfr

KkuvtZu dh fujarjrk dh lgk;rk ds fy, ØsfMV varj.k dh lqfo/kk vko’;d gS vkSj Nk=ksa dks U;wure le; esa
vgZrk izkIr djus esa leFkZ cuk;k tkuk pkfg, c’krsZ os lHkh U;wure ekudksa vkSj vis{kkvksa dks iwjk djsaA ØsfMV varj.k
esa laLFkkvksa esa Nk=ksa dh xfr’khyrk dh Hkh lqfo/kk gksuh pkfg,A
ftu Nk=ksa us mDr fo’ofo|ky; ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh fo’ofo|ky; esa de ls de izFke o”kZ esa ikB~;Øe dks
iwjk fd;k gS ftl fo’ofo|ky; ds fy, LFkkukarj.k ekaxk x;k gS] og bl fo’ofo|ky; esa izos’k laca/kh LFkkukarj.k
ds fy, vuqjks/k dj ldrk gSA fdlh Nk= dks dsoy izos’k izfØ;k ds ek/;e ls gh izos’k fn;k tk ldrk gS ftlesa
u, nkf[kys dh uhfr dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk,xkA rFkkfi] ØsfMVksa ds izHkkoh varj.k ds fy, lHkh fo’ofo|ky;ksa }kjk
,dleku ØsfMV iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k vo’; fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
mDr Nk= }kjk lacaf/kr ikB~;Øe esa izos’k ysus vkSj fuEufyf[kr ‘krksZa dks iwjk djus ds ckn gh ØsfMV varj.k vuqjks/k
fd;k tk ldrk gS%
i. mDr ikB~;Øe dks iw.kZdkfyd vkSipkfjd KkuvtZu izdkj ds ek/;e ls fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx vuqeksfnr
vkSj izR;kf;r fo’ofo|ky; esa iwjk fd;k x;k gSA
ii. ftl fo’ofo|ky; esa LFkkukarj.k ekaxk x;k gS ogka fo’ofo|ky; izR;k;u xzsM@ jSafdax mDr fo’ofo|ky; ds
izR;k;u xzsM@ jSafdax ls de ugha gksA
iii. mDr ikB+;Øe UGC&cbcs iz.kkyh ds rgr lk>k U;wure ikB~;Øe fu/kkZfjr gksA
iv. bl ikB~;Øe esa izkIr v{kjkadu xzsM ^^B^^ vFkok blls csgrj gksA
v. LFkkukraj.k gksus okys ØsfMVksa dh la[;k fu/kkZfjr lhek ls vf/kd ugha gksA
vi. iz’uxr ikB~;Øe esa blh izdkj dh ØsfMV iz.kkyh gksuh pkfg,] fo’ks”kdj ekWM~;wyj vFkok lsesLVj vkSj blh
izdkj dk vadh; vkSj v{kjkadu xzsfMax iz.kkyh lkFk gh vadh; lanHkZ esa ^ØsfMV^ ‘kCn dk ,d gh vFkZ gksA
ikB~;Øeksa dh thoukof/k ds igyw dks /;ku esa j[ks tkus dh vko’;drk gS tcfd bldh orZeku izklafxdrk ds lanHkZ
esa dfri; {ks= ds Kku dh iqjkuh i)fr ds :Ik esa ØsfMVksa dks Lohdkj djus ij fopkj fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA
fdlh dk;ZØe ds dfri; ikB~;Øe ds lQyrkiwoZd iw.kZ gksus vkSj izos’k ysu] ftlds fy, ikB~;Øe varj.k ds fy,
vuqjks/k fd;k x;k gS] ds chp O;ixr le; dks Hkh /;ku esa j[ks tkus dh vko’;drk gSA ØsfMV IokbaV dh U;wure
la[;k ftls ØssfMV varj.k ds rgr /;ku esa j[kk tk ldrk gS] mls fofufnZ”V fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA izklafxd
ifjorhZ tSls viuk, x, f’k{k.k&KkuvtZu n`f”Vdks.k] iznku dh xbZ KkuvtZu lqfo/kkvksa] ewY;kadu dh i)fr ds
mi;ksx ij Hkh bl ØsfMV varj.k uhfr dks rS;kj djrs gq, fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ØsfMV varj.k laca/kh ,d O;kid uhfr dks izR;sd fo’ofo|ky; }kjk rS;kj fd;k tkuk gksxkA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
6- iz’u cSad
6-1 iz’u cSad dh vko’;drk
f’k{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu ,d nwljs ds iwjd gksrs gSa] vr% cnyko u dsoy ewY;kadu igyw ds fy, vko’;d gksrk gS cfYd
f’k{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu nksuksa esa cnykoksa dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA bl izdkj] iz’u cSad f’k{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu nksuksa dks
lekfgr djus dk ,d iz;kl gSA iz’u cSad dh rS;kj djus esa f’k{kdksa ds lafpr vuqHko dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS]
ftlls Nk=ksa dh izHkkoh tkap dh tkrh gSA
iz’u cSad iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls iz’ui= dks fu/kkZfjr djus dh vko’;drk dks mPprj f’k{kk ikB~;Øeksa ds fy,
nkf[kyk ysus okys Nk=ksa dh c<+rh la[;k ds dkj.k eglwl fd;k x;k vkSj bl izdkj bldk Hkkj c<+rk x;k ftlesa
fo|eku tkap iSVuZ esa ikB~;Øe iqujh{k.k] fofHkUu ikB~;Øeksa dh fo”k;oLrq ds lesdu ds dkj.k fo”k;ksa dh varfoZ”k;d
izd`fr vkSj ewY;kadu izfØ;k esa f’k{kdksa dh c<+rh varxZzLrrk dh vko’;drk gksuh pkfg, ifj.kkeLo:Ik] mfpr vkSj
U;k;iw.kZ ewY;kadu izfØ;k dh ekax ds lkFk ijh{kk ds ekud vkSj xq.koRrk ds fodkl dh lrr~ vko’;drk gksrh
gSA
,sls iz’u i= ftUgsa fo’ks”kKksa dks cqykdj ijaijkxr isij lsfVax i)fr dk mi;ksx dj fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS]
ls iz’uksa dk nqgjko gks ldrk gS vkSj fd ;s iz’u dsoy tkudkjh dk ijh{k.k djrs gSa tcfd vko’;drk Nk=ksa ds
fo’ys”k.kkRed dkS’ky dh ijh{kk dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA iz’u cSadksa ds dkj.k csgrj xq.koRrk okys iz’uksa dh lsfVax
gksrh gS tks Nk=ksa dh visf{kr ;ksX;rkvksa ds ijh{kk ds fy, ekU; vkSj mi;qDr gksrk gSA
iz’u cSad iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls iz’u cSadksa dks cukuk] ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa vR;ar vko’;d lq/kkj gSA blls iz’u i=
fu/kkZj.k izfØ;k viukus ds fy, iz’kklfud ra= ds mi;ksx esa deh vkrh gSA lacaf/kr fo”k; ds fo’ks”kKksa dk lewg
foLr`r iz’u cSad ds fy, ;ksxnkudrkZ gksxkA iz’u cSad iz.kkyh la’kksf/kr *Cywe oxhZdj.k i)fr* ds vk/kkj ij iz’uksa
ds fu/kkZj.k esa lfØ; lg;ksx ds lkFk f’k{kkfonksa dh ,d O;kid Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, ,d eap iznku djrh gSA fofHkUu
laLFkkvksa ds cgqr lkjs fo’ks”kKksa ds gksus ls csgrj xq.koRrk okys izi= dh lsfVax gksrh gS D;ksafd fdlh fo’ks”k ,dd
@ekWM~;wy ds laca/k esa Kkr fo’ks”kKrk okys f’k{kd dsoy mDr fo”k;ksa@ekWM~;wy ij iz’u lsV dj ldrs gSaA okLro
esa] lqfodflr iz’u cSad] ikB~;Øe rS;kj djus dks izHkkfor dj fd;k ldrk gS vkSj djrk gSA
bls izHkkoh cukus ds fy, ;g vko’;d gS fd iz’u cSad esa fdlh fo’ks”k ikB~;Øe ds fy, cM+h la[;k esa iz’u gksus
pkfg, Ict vk/kkfjr iz.kkyh ds mi;ksx ds lkFk iz’u i= lsV dks feuVksa esa rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA rFkkfi] bl
iz.kkyh esa iz’u i= ds vuqeksfnr ekud izk:Ik@iSVuZ dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA
6-2 egRoiw.kZ fopkj.k
bl iz’u cSad iz.kkyh esa fuEufyf[kr dks Hkh /;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg,%
d½ fd bu iz’uksa dks mDr ikB~;Øe dh izR;sd bdkbZ ls fy;k tk,A
[k½ fd fy, x, iz’u mDr ikB~;Øe ds mn~ns’;ksa vkSj ifj.kkeksa dks iwjk djrk gksA
x½ iz’uksa esa lHkh dfBukbZ ds Lrj O;kIr gks vkSj izR;sd iz’u dks mldh dfBukbZ okys Lrj ds lkFk fpfg~ur
fd;k tk,A
?k½ buesa [kaM ds vuqlkj izR;sd izdkj ds iz’ui= ‘kkfey gksa ;Fkk nh?kZ mRrj] y?kq mRrj vkSj vfr y?kq mRrj
okys iz’uksa esa vuqekfur yackbZ vkSj iwjk djus dk laLrqr le; gksuk pkfg, oLrqfu”B iz’uksa esa igpku
izdkj vkSj enksa dh vkiwfrZ izdkj ‘kkfey gksuk pkfg, vuqeku yxkus dh laHkkouk dks de dj fn;k tkuk
pkfg,A
M-½ mRrj dqath miyC/k djkbZ tkuh pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
p½ izR;sd iz’u esa mi;qDr dwV layXu gksuk pkfg, rkfd ml ikB~;Øe esa mDr fo”k; ds fy, ;kstukc)
KkuvtZu ifj.kke dk ladsr fn;k tk lds ftls ;g dfBukbZ ds Lrj vkSj HksnHkko fd, tkus dh {kerk
dh tkap djrk gSA
laLFkkuksas dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os fo”k;xr ekeys ds fo’ks”kKksa }kjk Hkkx fy, tkus okyh dk;Z’kkykvksa dks
vk;ksftr djsa tks fo’ks”kK iz’uksa dks rS;kj djus esa viuh fo’ks”kKrk dk ;ksxnku djsaA rS;kj fd, tkus okys iz’u cSad
,d mi;qDr lfefr ds xBu }kjk ikB ds izqQ ‘kks/ku ds v/;/khu gksuk pkfg,A bl iz’u cSad dh oS/krk dks c<+kus
ds fy, bls fu;fer ¼okf”kZd½ iqujh{kk dh izfØ;k viuk;h tkuh pkfg, bu iz’uksa ds yxHkx 20 izfr’kr dks izR;sd
o”kZ vo’; cnyk tkuk pkfg, rkfd ;g Mksesu {ks= esa gksus okys cnykoksa ds vuq:Ik gksa vFkok ikB~;Øe iqujh{kk ds
vuqlkj gksA iz’u cSadksa dks rS;kj djus esa ladk; lnL;ksa dks izf’kf{kr fd;k tkuk gksrk gSA
6-3 izfØ;k
fdlh iz’u cSad dks rS;kj djus esa fuEufyf[kr izfØ;kvksa dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg,%
• tkaps tkus okys oLrqfu”B@KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa dks fofufnZ”V djukA blesa *Cywe vkSj ,aMjlu* }kjk ;Fkk
fofufnZ”V KkuvtZu oLrqfu”B iz’uksa dh lexz lksikfudh ‘kkfey gksuh pkfg,A
• bu iz’u izk:Ikksa dk fu.kZ; djukA
• fo’ks”kKksa ds ,d iSuy }kjk iz’uksa dk ys[ku vFkok ladks’k cukukA
• iz’uksa dh leh{kk djukA
• uewuk lewg ijh{k.k@ izk;ksfxd ijh{k.kA
• iz’uksa ds dfBu gksus dk ewY;kadu vkSj HksnHkko djus dh {kerkA
• iz’u cSad ds fy, iz’uksa dk vafre p;uA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
7- vuq’kks/ku
ewY;kadu dk vuq’kks/ku ,d laxfBr izfØ;k gS tks oS/k ewY;kadu lkexzh vkSj ekunaM ds lrr~ vuqiz;ksx ds mi;ksx
dks lqfuf’pr djrk gS rkfd vadksa vFkok xzsM ds :Ik esa mfpr ‘kS{kf.kd fu.kZ; vkSj fo’oluh; ifj.kke izkIr gksaA
blesa oS/k vkSj fo’oluh; ifj.kkeksa ds l`tu ds lkFk ewY;kadu dk;ksZa ds mi;qDr fMtkbfuax vkSj dk;kZUo;u dks
lqfuf’pr djrk gSA
ewY;kadu iz.kkyh ds lkFk vuq’kks/ku izfØ;k dk lesdu] mPprj f’k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ‘kS{kf.kd xq.koRrk ds fodkl ds
fy, vfuok;Z gS ;Fkk%
• ;g fHkUu ewY;kadudrkZvksa ds O;fDrxr fu.kZ;ksa esa fdlh Hkh varj dks lekIr djrk gSA
• ;g lqfuf’pr djrk gS fd lexz ikB~;Øeksa esa vadksa vkSj xzsMksa ds :Ik esa lHkh miyfC/k;ka ekud ds mlh
Lrj dh miyfC/k dks ifjyf{kr djrk gSA
• bls ekudksa vkSj ekunaMksa dh lkekU; le> dks fodflr djus vkSj dk;Zfu”iknu dh ekU;rk nsus ds fy,
Hkh fd;k tkrk gS tks ;g ml ekud dks iznf’kZr djrk gS vFkok ml ekunaM dks iwjk djrk gSA
vuq’kks/ku ml ekeys esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS tc vlQy xzsMksa vFkok mPPk xzsMksa dh la[;k vf/kd gksrh gS] vFkok
tc cM+h la[;k esa Nk= v{kjkadu xzsMksa ds laca/k esa mlh xzsM dks izkIr djrs gSa vFkok Nk=ksa dk lewg cuk;k tkrk
gS] vFkok tc fofHkUu ikB~;Øeksa esa O;fDrxr Nk=ksa ds fy, vkcafVr xzsMksa ds chp varj gksrk gS] vFkok bls iz’u i=
ds dfBu Lrj dk irk yxkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS vFkok ;fn lexz ikB~;Øe dks ‘kkfey djus ds fy, iz;qDr
ewY;kadu i)fr dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gks ;k ughaA
iz;ksTkuh;rk& vuq’kks/ku dks ewY;kadu ds ckg~; vkSj vkarfjd nksuksa gh rjhdksa fy, iz;ksT; cuk;k tkuk pkfg, lHkh
ikB~;Øeksa esa ewY;kadu laca/kh muds fooj.k ds Hkkx ds :Ik esa ewY;kadu fd, x, dk;Z ds vuq’kks/ku dh O;oLFkk dk fooj.k
gksuk pkfg, bls ,d vuq’kks/ku uhfr ds fu:Ik.k ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj lHkh dk;ZØeksa vkSj ikB~;Øeksa ls
ds f’k{k.k gsrq dk;kZfUor fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ mu ikB~;Øeksa ds fy, Hkh ftUgsa nwjLFk f’k{kk vFkok vkWuykbu rjhds
i<k;k tkuk gksA vuq’kks/ku dh ;g le;&lhek ewY;kadu ds fy, le;&lhek ds lkFk lac) gksuh pkfg,A
vuq’kks/ku ds ‘kq: gksus ij fuEufyf[kr ¼;|fi] lqfoLr`r ugha½ ij ppkZ ds lkFk ewY;kadu ‘kq: fd;k tkuk pkfg,%
d- bl ikB~;Øe esa ewY;kadu ds fofHkUu izdkjksa esa ls izR;sd ds fy, iz;qDr funsZ’k D;k gSa\ D;k ,d ekudhd`r@
fu/kkZfjr funsZ’k iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS vFkok vuqns’k us viuk Lo;a dk funsZ’k fodflr fd;k gS\ ;fn vuqns’kd
O;fDrxr :Ik ls rS;kj dk mi;ksx dj jgk gS vFkok ;fn dksbZ igpkuk x;k funsZ’k ugha gS] rc ;g ewY;kadu
KkuvtZu ifj.kke dh dSls ;kstuk cukrk gS\
[k- bu iz’uksa ds dfBukbZ Lrj esa ewY;kadu ‘kkfey Fkk vFkkZr~ D;k dfBukbZ dk Lrj vR;ar vf/kd gS] cgqr vklku
gS vFkok cgqr dfBu gS\
x- vad fn, tkus dk rjhdk vFkkZr~ D;k ;g lq/kkj cgqr vf/kd] mnkj ;k dfBu jgk gSA
izR;sd foHkkx dks vuq’kks/ku izfØ;k ds lqpk: dk;Zdj.k ds fy, fofHkUu Lrj ij ,d lfefr dk xBu djuk pkfg,
vkSj muds fy, ukeksr;n”V Hkwfedk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Roksas dk fu:Ik.k djuk pkfg, fu”i{krk dks cuk, j[kus ds fy,
;g lqfuf’pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd ijh{kk fu;a=d] ewY;kadudrkZ ugha gksA deZpkfj;ksa dks ewY;kadu rduhdksa vkSj
vuq’kks/ku izfØ;kvksa esa is’ksoj rjhdksa ls izf’kf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg, ijh{kk izi=ksa] fu;r dk;ksZa] ifj;kstuk fjiksVksZa]
vuqla/kku fjiksVksZa vkfn lfgr Nk=ksa }kjk fn, x, lHkh ewY;kadu lkefxz;ksa dh tkap gksuh pkfg,A
mPprj f’k{kk laLFkkvksa dks vuq’kks/ku izfØ;k dks vkWuykbu djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg, bl iz.kkyh esa
ewY;kadu ;kstuk] vuq’kks/ku ;kstuk] ewY;kadu ek/;e] blds uewus dks vkWuykbu Hkstk tk ldrk gSA vuq’kks/ku fjiksVksZa
dks vkWuykbu l`ftr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd buesa gksus okyh izxfr dk irk yxk;k tk ldsA
bl vuq’kks/ku dks dsoy ewY;kadu rd gh lhfer ugha j[kk tkuk pkfg, cfYd blesa fo”k;oLrq dk vuq’kks/ku vkSj
ewY;kadu fMtkbu Hkh ‘kkfey gksuk pkfg,A

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
8- rduhdh laca/kh gLr{ksi dk mi;ksx

Ikgqap midj.kksa ds fofHkUu izdkjksa] fo’ks”kdj eksckby igqap midj.k] ds izlkj ds lkFk izkS|ksfxdh esa ijaijkxr
d{kk izpyuksa dks laof/kZr djus vkSj KkuvtZu o ewY;kadu i)fr;ksa esa Økafrdkjh ifjorZu ykus dh {kerk gksrh
gSA okLro esa] izkS|ksfxdh thoui;Zar KkuvtZu esa leFkZ cukus ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ okgd gks ldrh gSA Nk=ksa ds
KkuvtZu vkSj fufnZ”V dk;Z dks dbZ rjhdksa ds ek/;e ls izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds mi;ksx ls lqdj cuk;k tk ldrk gS ;Fkk
ledkfyd KkuvtZu] v)Z ledkfyd vf/kxe] fefJr vf/kxe] lg;ksxkRed vf/kxe] *fQ~yi d{kk* vkfnA fo’ks”k:Ik
ls swayaM ds ek/;e ls iznRr moocS ,evksvkslh thoui;Zar KkuvtZu ds fy, volj dk ,d ek/;e gS
vkSj bUgsa izkS|ksfxdh vk/kkfjr IysVQkeksZa ds ek/;e ls iznku fd;k tkrk gSA laLFkkvksa }kjk KkuvtZu izca/ku iz.kkyh
¼lms½ dk mi;ksx lexz f’k{k.k] KkuvtZu vkSj ewY;kadu izfØ;k dks lesfdr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA mPprj
f’k{kk laLFkkvksa }kjk KkuvtZu izca/ku iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx fefJr :Ik esa ‘kS{kf.kd fo”k;oLrq iznku djus vkSj ‘kks/k
izca/k] fufnZ”V dk;Z vkfn ds ek/;e ls KkuvtZu rd igqap cukus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqDr lzksr KkuvtZu
izca/ku iz.kkfy;ksa ;Fkk ewMy] ,MeksMks dk mi;ksx ohfM;ks] vkWfM;ks] bZ&yfuZax ekWM~;wYl] lh/ks d{kk l= vkfn ds
:Ik esa fo”k;oLrq dks iksLV djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA fo”k;oLrq ds pksjh ds u gkssus dh tkap djus ds
fy, lkfgfR;d pksjh dk irk yxkus okyss lkWQ~Vos;j ds mi;ksx djus dh flQkfj’k dh tkrh gSA
Ikjh{kkvksa ds vk;kstu esa fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks cgqr lkjh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS tSls dh izf’kf{kr
tu’kfDr dh vko’;drk] vfoyac vkSj =qfV jfgr iz’u i=ksa dk laforj.k] mRrj iqfLrdkvksa ds ewY;kadu esa nsjh]
O;kid Lrj ij ijh{kkvksa dks vk;ksftr djus ds fy, volajpuk dh deh] ewY;kadu ds fy, ladk; lnL;ksa dh
vuqiyC/krk] iz’u i= rS;kj djus vkSj laforj.k ds nkSjku lkeus vkus okyh lqj{kk leL;k,a] izek.k&i=ksa vkSj
mRrj iqfLrdk esa NsM+NkM]+ vkfnA
fdlh laLFkku ds lkekU; ijh{kk foHkkx ds fy, Lopkyu laca/kh vko’;drk Nk= ds iathdj.k ls ysdj lesfdr
iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls nh{kkar lekjksg rd gksrh gSA okLro esa] ,d iw.kZ ijh{kk izca/ku iz.kkkyh dks ykxw djus ds
fy, dne mBk, tkus pkfg, ftls ijh{kk izfØ;k dk iw.kZ thou pØ ekuk tkrk gSA izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx ls
ekuo gLr{ksi ij fuHkZjrk de gksxh vkSj ;g izfØ;k =qfV jfgr gksxhA fuEufyf[kr dk;ksZa dk Lopkyu fd;k
tkuk pkfg,%
i. Nk=ksa dk iathdj.k vkSj fof’”V ihvkj,u l`ftr djuk]

ii. ijh{kk izi= dks Hkjuk]
iii. lhV la[;k vkSj izos’k dkMZ@gkWy fVdVksa dk l`tu]
iv. iz’u i= dks lsV djus okykssa dh lwph dh rS;kjh]
v. iz’u lsVksa] iz’u izi= l`tu dks rS;kj djus ds fy, iz’u cSad iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx]
vi. dwVys[ku iz.kkyh ds lkFk ijh{kk ds fnu iz’ui=ksa dk vkWuykbu laforj.k]
vii. mRrj iqfLrdk ds fy, ckjdksM iz.kkyh ¼blls =qfV laca/kh eqn~ns lekIr gks tk,axs vkSj dnkpkj vkfn ls Hkh
cpk tk ldss xk½]
viii. mRrj iqfLrdk dk fMfTkVyhdj.k vkSj mRrj iqfLrdk dk *vkWu LØhu* ewY;kadu]

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
ix. Nk=ksa ds dk;Zfu”iknu dk irk yxkuk]
x. vkWuykbu lkW¶Vos;j ds ek/;e ls vadksa dks Mkyuk]
xi. vkWuykbu iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls ifj.kke dks ns[kuk]
xii. vkWuykbu lR;kiu vkSj iquewZY;kadu iz.kkyh]
xiii. izek.ki=ksa vkSj vad i=ksa dk fMftVyhdj.k ¼NsM+NkM+ vkSj vklkuh ls iquizkZfIr ls cpuk½]
xiv. izek.ki= lR;kiu iz.kkyh]
xv. vkWuykbu iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls fofHkUu vU; vkosnuksa dks izLrqr djukA
mi;qDr ls ijh{kk iz.kkyh dk dk;Z n{k vkSj ikjn’khZ rjhds ls gksxk vkSj blls Nk=ksa dks lwpuk dh miyC/krk le;
ij gksxhA
ekax ij ¼vkWu fMekaM½ ijh{kk%
ekax ij ¼vkWu fMekaM½ ijh{kk ds vk;kstu ls Nk=ksa dks yphykiu izkIr gksxk fo’ks”kdj mu Nk=ksa dks ftudk nkf[kyk
eqDr vkSj nwjLFk f’k{kk iz.kkyh esa gqvk gSA ;g iz.kkyh yphykiu ds fl)kar ij dk;Z djrh gS tgka ml le; ewY;kadu
fd;k tk ldrk gS tc Nk= Lo;a dks ml ijh{kk esa cSBus ds fy, rS;kj eglwl djrk gSA bl izdkj] ;g rS;kjh
Nk=ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS u fd laLFkkvksa ijA bl iz.kkyh ds ykHk ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik ijh{kk esa vlQy gksus dh la[;k
dks de fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijh{kk vkfn esa dnkpkj dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
*vkWu fMekaM* ijh{kk dh iz.kkyh dks lqdj cukus ds fy, ,d dh Lrj dh dfBukbZ okys iz’ui=ksa ds fofHkUu lsVksa dks
rS;kj djus ds fy, cM+s iz’u cSad dks rS;kj fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA bl iz’u cSad esa iz’uksa ds fofHkUu
izdkj gksrs gSa ;Fkk cgqfodYi okys iz’u] y?kq mRrjh; iz’u] nh?kZ mRrjh; iz’u rkfd dkS’ky Kku vkSj vuqiz;ksx dh
tkap gks ldsA

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
9- ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk
fdlh Hkh mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku dh ‘kSf{kd iz.kkyh esa ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk ,d egRoiw.kZ la?kVd gS ftl ij bldh
fo’oluh;rk vkSj izfr”Bk fuHkZj djrh gSA ifj.kke ?kks”k.kk dh izfØ;k dks etcwr djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr fo’ks”krkvksa
dks ‘kkfey djuk egRoiw.kZ gS%
1½ ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk dh le;&lhek
2½ ifj.kke dkMZ dh O;k[;k esa Li”Vrk
3½ O;kid iz:Ik
4½ igqap
5½ lR;kiu& ;ksX; gksuk
9-1 ifj.kke ?kks”k.kk dh le;&lhek
ewY;kadu ds vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; la?kVdksa ds ekeys esa le;&lhek vko’;d gSA fuEufyf[kr rkfydk jpukRed]
vkarfjd] ewY;kadu vkSj ;ksxkRed ewY;kadu ds fy, ,d laLrqr le;&lhek dks n’kkZrh gS%
jpukRed ewY;kadu ¼vkarfjd½
nSfud dk;Z vxys dk;Z ds iwoZ
lkIrkfgd dk;Z vxys dk;Z ds iwoZ
;wfuV ,aM tkap ,d lIrkg
;ksxkRed ewY;kadu ¼ckg~;@vkarfjd½
Ckkg~; la?kVd 20 ls 30 fnu
vkarfjd la?kVd 7 ls 10 fnu
9-2 O;k[;k dh Li”Vrk

vafre ifj.kke ftuesa vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; nksuksa la?kVd ‘kkfey gSa] esa ;g visf{kr gS fd nksuksa dk mYys[k vyx&vyx
fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mlds ckn laiw.kZ xzsM dk mYys[k fd;k tkuk pkfg, ;g ifj.kke le>us esa vklkuh gksuk
pkfg, ;fn f’k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds ikl vyx&vyx xzsfMax vkSj ØsfMV iz.kkyh gks rks ;g vkSj Hkh egRoiw.kZ cu tkrk
gSA bl izdkj] ;g vko’;d gS fd bl ifj.kke ds i`”B Hkkx esa xzsfMax vkSj ØsfMV iz.kkyh ds ckjs esa lwpuk gks] xzsMksa
dh O;k[;k gks] vkSj xzsMksa dks izfr’kr esa fn;k x;k gksA
9-3 bl fjiksVZ dk O;kid izk:Ik
Ikfj.kke ls lHkh vk;keksa esa Nk=ksa dh miyfC/k vkSj {kerk ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA dsoy ,dy xzsM] izfr’kr vFkok izkIrkad
ls fdlh Nk= dh lexz miyfC/k;ksa dks fu:fir ugha dj ldrh gSA ifj.kke dks O;kid gksuk pkfg, vkSj blesa
KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa vFkkZr~ ‘kS{kf.kd] lkekftd] uSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed] ds lHkh igyq ‘kkfey gksus pkfg, mPprj
f’k{kk laLFkku dks ,d izk:Ik vkSj df.kdrk fodflr djuk pkfg, tks muds ewY;kadu izksQkby ds vuqdwy gks vkSj
visf{kr {ks=ksa esa Nk=ksa dh miyfC/k dks iznf’kZr djsA
9-4 igqap
lsesLVj ds i’pkr~ ifj.kkeksa dks vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; la?kVdksa nksuksa gsrq vkWuykbu ?kksf”kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,
;g dsoy fn, x, v{kjkadu xzsMksa ds :Ik esa gks ldrk gSA ,d Lopkfyr iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls osclkbV esa ,d
izko/kku gksuk pkfg, ftlls fd Nk= O;fDrxr :i ls ykWx&bu djds vius vad i=ksa dks ns[k ldsaA bl iz.kkyh

ewY;kadu lq/kkj
dks lqjf{kr cukus ds fy, vkSj ifj.kke dks ns[kus ds fy, ihvkj,u] lhV la[;k tSlh vko’;d tkudkjh iznku dh
tkuh pkfg, blls ewY;kadu izfØ;k dh igqap vkSj ikjnf’kZrk esa c<+ksrjh gksxh vkSj fofHkUu KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa ds
laca/k esa ewY;kadu ds C;ksjs dks izLrqr djus esa yphykiu Hkh vk,xkA fiNys lsesLVjksa ds ifj.kkeksa dks ns[kus ds fy,
Hkh ,d izko/kku gksuk pkfg, mDr ikB~;Øe ds iwjs gksus laca/kh ifj.kke ckg~; ,tsafl;ksa ;Fkk l{ke fu;ksDrkvksa] vU;
mPPkrj f’k{kk laLFkkuksa ds fy, Nk= izek.ki=ksa ds lR;kiu gsrq igqap ;ksX; gksuk pkfg, vuqjks/k fd, tkus ij buds
izfrys[k miyC/k gksus pkfg,A
9-5 lR;kiu ;ksX;rk
Ikfj.kke vkSj ‘kS{kf.kd iqjLdkj oS/k] O;kid vkSj ckgjh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk lR;kiu ;ksX; gksus pkfg, D;ksafd budk Nk=ksa
ds lexz dWfj;j ls egRoiw.kZ laca/k gksrk gSA Hkkoh fu;ksDrkvksa] mPprj f’k{kk laLFkkuksa vkSj vU; ,tsafl;ksa }kjk ifj.
kkeksa dk lR;kiu jk”Vªh; vdknfed fu{ksikxkj ¼nad½ ¼http://nad.gov.in/½ ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
nad osclkbV ds vuqlkj] nad lHkh vdknfed iqjLdkj ;Fkk izek.ki=ksa] fMIyksek] fMxzh] vad i=ksa vkfn dk 24X7
vkWuykbu LVksj gkWml gS] tks fof/kor :Ik ls fMftVyhd`r gksrk gS vkSj vdkneh laLFkkuksa@cksMksZa@ik=rk ewY;kadu
fudk;ksa }kjk lqjf{kr j[kk tkrk gSA nad u dsoy lgt igqap vkSj vdkneh iqjLdkj dh iquizkZfIr lqfuf’pr
djrk gS cfYd mldh izkekf.kdrk vkSj lqjf{kr HkaMkj.k dks ekU;rk vkSj xkjaVh Hkh iznku djrk gSA blls ‘kSf{kd
laLFkk,a] Nk= vkSj fu;ksDrk fMftVyhd`r ‘kS{kf.kd iqjLdkjksa ds vkWuykbu igqap@iquizkZfIr@lR;kiu esa leFkZ gksaxs
vkSj iz.kkei=ksa vkSj vad i=ksa dh tkylkth vkSj /kks[kk/kM+h Hkh lekIr gksxhA

vuq'kalk,a
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us mPprj f’k{kk laLFkkvksa ¼hei½ esa ‘kSf{kd lq/kkj ykus esa fofHkUu igy fd, gSaA
ewY;kadu lq/kkj bl fn’kk esa ‘kq: fd;k x;k ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us f’k{kdksa] Nk=ksa]
ijh{kk fu;a=dksa vkSj bl {ks= ds fo’ks”kKksa ls lq>ko vkeaf=r djrs gq, fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx dh osclkbV ij
lkoZtfud uksfVl yxk;k FkkA dbZ yksxksa us fnukad 07 twu] 2018 ds bl lkoZtfud uksfVl ij viuh izfrfØ;k nh
gS vkSj fofHkUu lq>ko fn, gSaA
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us flQkfj’k nsus ds fy, ,d lfefr dk Hkh xBu fd;k gSA izkIr flQkfj’kksa ds vk/kkj ij
,d ppkZ i= rS;kj fd;k x;k vkSj fnukad 06 flrEcj] 2018 dks ijh{kk lq/kkj ds laca/k esa ,d ijke’kZnk=h cSBd gqbZA
la{ksi esa] ijke’kZnk=h cSBd ds nkSjku lHkh fVIif.k;ksa] lq>koksa vkSj ppkZvksa dk lkj fuEuor gSS%
d½ LukrdiwoZ@LukRdksRrj ikB~;Øeksa ls mÙkh.kZ gksus okys Nk= jkstxkj ikus ;ksX; ugha gksrs gSaA
[k½ jkstxkj ;ksX; Nk=ksa dks rS;kj djus ds fy, KkuvtZu ifj.kke vk/kkfjr ikB~;Øe dks rS;kj fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
x½ ijh{kk vkSj ewY;kadu esa KkuvtZu ifj.kke] izkIr Kku] fodflr izo`fRr vkSj blds ek/;e ls fodflr dkS’ky
dh tkap gksuh pkfg,A
?k½ orZeku esa] Nk= dsoy ijh{kk esa vadksa dh izkfIr ds fy, gh v/;;u djrk gS ftls cnyk tkuk pkfg, vkSj
KkuvtZu dk Kku] izo`fRr vkSj dkS’ky ds fy, lk/kk tkuk pkfg,A
M-½ ewY;kadu izfØ;k dks vkSj vf/kd yphpkiu cukus tkus dh vko’;drk gS vkSj ewY;kadu esa xq.koRrk ykbZ tkuh
pkfg,A
p½ miyC/k 13 yk[k f’k{kdksa dks iz’uksa ds MkWVkcsl dks l`ftr djus ds fy, yxk;k tkuk pkfg,A
N½ de ls de 40 izfr’kr ewY;kadu vkarfjd vkSj lrr~ ewY;kadu ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk ‘ks”k 60
izfr’kr ewY;kadu vkof/kd ijh{kk ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
lfefr us ;g vuq'kalk,a nsrs gq, mi;qDr lHkh fcanqvksa ij fopkj fd;kA
• Hkkjr ,d fo’kky ns’k gS] ;gka fHkUu& fHkUu izdkj ds fo’ofo|ky; gSa& dsUnzh; fo’ofo|ky;] jkT;
fo’ofo|ky;] le fo’ofo|ky;] futh fo’ofo|ky;] eqDr fo’ofo|ky; LVS.Mkyksu laLFkku gSaA blfy,]
dM+kbZ ls ijh{kk dh ,d iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA rFkkfi] bl ijh{kk dks vk;ksftr djus
dk y{; vkSj mn~ns’; Nk= ds KkuvtZu ds Lrj ds ifj.kke dk ewY;kadu djuk gksuk pkfg,( ;g vko’;d
gS fd dqN yphysiu ds lkFk ,d :Ikjs[kk fu/kkZfjr dh tkuh pkfg, blls ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa ,d:Ikrk vkrh
gS vkSj vH;fFkZ;ksa ds KkuvtZu ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij muds lkisf{kr xq.k dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
• Lkfefr us Hkkjr ds ekuuh; ds ekuuh; iz/kkuea=h] ekuuh; ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h] Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk f’k{kk {ks= esa dh xbZ fofHkUu igyksa ;Fkk mPPkrj f’k{kk dh igqap dk foLrkj
djuk] dkS’ky vkSj Kku dh O;kidrk dks ekius ds fy, rduhdh uoksUes”k] ikB~;Øeksa dk fMftVyhdj.k]
xzkeh.k Hkkjr vkSj vkbZlhVh KkuvtZu dks le`) cukus ds fy, Kku dk varj.k ij Hkh fopkj fd;k gSA
mi;qDr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] lfefr us fuEufyf[kr vuq'kalk,a dha%
1- ijh{kk iz.kkyh ds mn~n’s ;] ijh{kk iz.kkyh ds ekWMy ftUgsa Hkkjr esa vuqlj.k fd;k tk ldrk
gS vkSj jpukRed vkSj izfØ;kxr cnyko ftudh ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa vko’;drk gksrh gS%
1-1 KkuvtZu ifj.kke vk/kkfjr f’k{kk :Ikjs[kk dks mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku esa ykxw fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gS
rkfd laLFkkxr y{;ksa rd :Ikjs[kk vkSj lac) ewY;kadu dk foLrkj gksA ikB~;Øe f’k{kk mn~ns’;ksa dh izkfIr]
ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kke vkSj ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa dh x.kuk] fufnZ”V dk;Z 2 ds 2-5 ds rgr
mfYyf[kr izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds fy, fo’ofo|ky;@laLFkku Lrj rd dh tk ldsA
vuq'kalk,a
1-2 Lukrdiwo]Z LukrdksÙkj] ,efQy@ih,pMh ds fy, i`Fkd mi;qDr ekWMy dks bl fjiksVZ ds vkyksd esa mPprj f’k{kk
laLFkku }kjk fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA tgka vk/kkjHkwr okLrfodrkvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vkarfjd vkSj lrr
ewY;kadu ij vf/kd tksj nsus dh vko’;drk gS] ogh mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku e-e ds fy, I-e ds vuqikr dks 30%70
rd vkjaHk dj ldrk gS vkSj xq.koRrk vkSj ekud ls le>kSrk fd, fcuk le;c) rjhds ls 50%50 ds vuqikr
rd igqpa k tk ldrk gSA viokn Lo:Ik mPp jSd a okys mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku esa ;g vuqikr 60%40 dk gks ldrk
gSA dqN yphysiu ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] fo’ks”kdj] pwfa d fo’ofo|ky; Lrj vkSj ‘kgjh {ks=ks]a v)Z ‘kgjh
vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds lac) egkfo|ky;ksa esa vk/kkjHkwr ;FkkZFk esa dkQh fHkUUrk,a gaAS bl fLFkfr dk mYys[k fd;k tk
ldrk gS vkSj csgrj dk;kZUo;u ds fy, bldh vkof/kd leh{kk dh tk ldrh gSA
1-3 ewY;kadu mn~ns’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku dks fofHkUu iwoZ] py jgs vkSj ckn ds ijh{kk pj.kksa
esa miyC/k izkS|ksfxdh vkSj Lopkyu dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg, fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx@ fo’ofo|ky;
dks blds fy, rduhdh lgk;rk dh vko’;drk gks ldrh gSA
1-4 mi;qDr iz’u i= rS;kj djus vkSj KkuvtZu ifj.kke vk/kkfjr f’k{kk ijh{kk iz.kkyh dk lcls egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gS
vkSj ;g ewY;kadu dh xq.koRrk dh dqt a h gSA mfpr iz’u i= rS;kj djus vkSj KkuvtZu ifj.kke vk/kkfjr f’k{kk
ds fy, vko’;d fn’kkfuns’Z kksa ij f’k{kdksa gsrq vfHkeq[kh vkSj iqu’p;kZ ikB~;Øeksa esa ppkZ dh tk ldrh gSA
2- iz’u i= rS;kj djuk%
2-1 iz’u i= rS;kj fd, tkus esa vkewypwy ifjorZu fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA iz’u i= dh rS;kj djrs gq,
D;wch ls iz’uksa vkSj iz’u i= ds lsVjksa }kjk Lora= :Ik ls iwoZ fu/kkZfjr vuqikr ;Fkk 70%30 esa] bls iz’uksa dh
Js.kh ds fy, mfpr fopkj dj rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2-2 fdlh Hkh QP dh jpuk bl izdkj gksuh pkfg, fd fdlh vkSlr Nk= dks Hkh ikl djus ds xzMs esa dfBu ugha
yxs tcfd ;g mRrjksRrj dfBu gksdj vf/kd vad izkIr djus okys vPNs Nk=ksa ds fy, okLrfod pqukSrh gksA
2-3 mfpr vkSj lgh i)fr ls lVhd ‘kCnksa] larqfyr] csgrj rjhds ls lsV fd;k gqvk iz’u i= ftuesa vlafnX/k
iz’u gksa] xq.koRrkiw.kZ iz’u i= dh dqath gS vkSj ;g ijh{kk iz.kkyh dk lcls egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA iz’u i=
rS;kj djus ds fy, vko’;d fn’kkfunsZ’k fn, tkus pkfg,A f’k{kdksa dks lqxzkgh cukus rFkk tkx:drk ykus
ds fy, dk;Z’kkykvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2-4 lacaf/kr jkT; ds lacaf/kr jkT; mPprj f’k{kk ifj”kn~ }kjk xq.koRrkiw.kZ fuxjkuh djus ds mn~ns’; ds lkFk
iz’u i=ksa ¼lkFk gh ewY;kadu dh xbZ mRrj iqfLrdkvksa½ dh vkof/kd ‘kSf{kd tkap dh tkuh pkfg,A
3- xzsfMax vkSj ØsfMV varj.k
3-1 lqpk: ØsfMV varj.k ¼LukrdiwoZ ds fy, v|ru fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx fn’kkfunsZ’kksa dk lanHkZ% http://
www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/8023719 guidelines-for-CBCE.pdf½ dks lqdj cukus ds fy, LukrdiwoZ
vkSj LukrdksÙkj Lrjksa ij ikB~;Øe ØsfMVksa dh la[;k ¼eq[;] izHkkoh vkfn ikB~;Øeksa ds fy,½ rFkk dqy ØsfMVksa
ds lanHkZ esa lHkh mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku esa U;wure ikB~;Øe&okj ,d:Ikrk dks lqfuf’pr djukA xzsM] xzsM
IokbaV] sgpa] cgpa vkfn dh lax.kuk ds fy, bUgha fn’kkfunsZ’kksa dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
3-2 lHkh mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku esa ¼mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku ds fy, dqN yphysiu ds lkFk ;Fkk 20 ls 30
izfr’kr½ izR;sd izeq[k fMxzh ikB~;Øeksa esa izFke] f}rh; vkSj r`rh; o”kZ esa ikB~;Øeksa esa O;kid fo”k;ksa esa
dqN ,d:Ikrk ls lqpk: ØsfMV varj.k dks lqfuf’pr gks ldrk gS vkSj blfy, mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku ds
chp Nk=ksa gsrq {kSfrt xfr’khyrk vk ldrh gSA oSdfYid fo”k; ftlesa lkekU;r;k uke ek= dk ØsfMV
gks ldrk gS] ij ØsfMV varj.k ds fy, fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;|fi izkIrdrkZ fo’ofo|ky; }kjk
mu oSdfYid fo”k;ksa dh is’kd’k ugha dh tkrh gSA
3-3 LukrdksÙkj ds fy, fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk blh izdkj ds fn’kkfunsZ’k visf{kr gSaA
3-4 tgka vf/kdka’k mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku esa iw.kZ xzsfMax dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa xzsfMax dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA lkisf{kd xzsfMax iz.kkyh mu Nk=ksa fy, mfpr gksxk vkSj ‘kq:vkr djus ds fy, ,dy
fo’ofo|ky;ksa vkSj jk”Vªh; egRo dh laLFkkvksa }kjk bldk vuqlj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS tks pj.kc) rjhds
ls vU; lHkh mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku rd tk ldrk gSA
vuq'kalk,a
3-5 izR;sd mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku ds ikl varj.k@ {kSfrt xfr’khyrk ds ekeyksa esa ØsfMVksa dh lerqY;rk dks
fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy, ,d lfefr gks ldrh gSA
3-6 ,slh ^^lerqY;rk lfefr;ksa^^ gsrq fn’kkfunsZ’k iznku fd, tk ldrs gSaA
4- vuq’kks/ku
4-1 mfpr] fo’oluh;] fuHkZjrk ;ksX; vkSj ikjn’khZ ewY;kadu iz.kkyh fodflr djus ds fy, izR;sd Lrj ij
vuq’kks/ku vko’;d gSA
4-2 fofHkUu Lrjksa ;Fkk iz’u i= rS;kj djus] ewY;kadu] iquewZY;kadu] ewY;kadu Ik’pkr pj.kksa ij vuq’kks/ku
vfuok;Z gksuk pkfg,A
4-3 lexz :Ik esa iz’u i= dks rS;kj djus] vkdyu vkSj ewY;kadu iz.kkyh ds xq.koRrk vkSj ekud o viukbZ
xbZ laiw.kZ izfØ;k dk vkdyu dks izR;sd 2 ls 3 o”kksZa esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
4-4 mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku Lrj ij ijh{kk lq/kkj izdks”B vkSj jkT; Lrj ij ijh{kk lq/kkj lfefr ¼mi;qDr
ukekoyh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS½ dk xBu bl Lrj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5- ekax ij ¼vkWu fMekaM½ ijh{kk
5-1 ;g mfpr le; gS tc Nk=ksa }kjk ekax fd, tkus ij ijh{kk lqfo/kk fn, tkus dh fn’kk esa dne mBk, tk,aA
5-2 ekax ij ijh{kk vk;ksftr djus ds fy, ,d jk”Vªh; cksMZ dh LFkkiuk dh tk,A
5-3 bldh ‘kq:vkr djrs gq, yksdfiz; fMxzh ikB~;Øeksa ds fy, ijh{kkvksa dk vk;kstu djkbZ tk ldrh gSA
‘kq:vkr esa] nwjLFk ikB~;Øeksa ds fy, ekax vk/kkfjr ijh{kkvksa dks ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlds fy, ;g
lcls mi;qDr gSA
5-4 vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lacaf/kr ikB~;p;kZ] v/;;u lkexzh vkSj iz’u cSad miyC/k djk;k tk ldrk gSA
5-5 bls lHkh ds fy, ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg,( blesa dksbZ vk;q&lhek] ik=rk dh U;wrue vko’;drk vkfn
ugha gksuh pkfg,A
5-6 blesa izkS|ksfxdh@ Lopkyu dk O;kid mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
5-7 bl iz.kkyh esa lcls vf/kd fuHkZjrk] [kqykiu] fo’oluh;rk] ikjnf’kZrk vkSj ekU;rk lqfuf’pr dh tkuh pkfg,A
6- vkarfjd ijh{kk vkSj ckg~; ijh{kk
6-1 bl fjiksVZ esa bl ppkZ ds vkyksd esa mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku }kjk Nk=ksa ds O;kid vkSj lrr~ ewY;kadu
vkSj vkdyu ds fy, IE vkSj EE ds lcls mi;qDr la;kstu dks rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
6-2 vkarfjd ewY;kadu bl izdkj gksuk pkfg, fd blls Nk=ksa ij dksbZ vuqfpr ncko ugha iM+sA
6-3 IE vkSj EE dk vuqikr LukrdiwoZ vkSj LukrdksÙkj Lrjksa ds fy, fofufnZ”V fd;k tkuk pkfg,% bls
fofHkUu Lo:iksa ds ikB~;Øeksa ds fy, dqN gn rd yphyk cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A
6-4 IE dh iz.kkyh mn~n’s ;iw.kZ] Nk= vuqdy w ] ikjn’khZ vkSj O;fDrxr iwokZxgz vFkok izHkko ls eqDr gksuk pkfg,A
6-5 IE ds ifj.kke dh tkudkjh IE ds rRdky ckn Nk=ksa dks nh tkuh pkfg,A
6-6 LukrdiwoZ ds fy, IE vkSj EE dk vuqikr 30%70 vkSj LukrdksÙkj Lrj ds fy, 40%60 ds vuqikr dks
fofufnZ”V fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
6-7 vkjaHk djus ds fy, vkbZbZ ds vuqikr dks de j[kk tk ldrk gSA bls mRrjksRrj] pj.kc) rjhds ls
vuqHko ds ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij 50 izfr’kr rd c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA mPp jSad okys mPprj f’k{kk
laLFkku ds fy, ;g vuqikr vf/kd gks ldrk gS ;Fkk 50%50 vFkok 60%40 gks ldrk gSA
6-8 vkarfjd vkdyu dh lkisf{kdrk ij xzsfMax dh tkuh pkfg, u fd ifj’kq) ekid ij vkSj bls ckg~;
ijh{kk esa izkIr vadksa ds cnys vuq’kksf/kr vkSj ekiu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
7- dnkpkj
Ikjh{kk iz.kkyh dh fo’oluh;rk dks lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, dnkpkjksa dks jksduk vko’;d gSA
vuq'kalk,a
7-1 vH;kfFkZ;ksa vkSj ijh{kdksa dh igpku dks ,d nwljs ls lqjf{kr j[kdj ijh{kk Ik’pkr~ dnkpkjksa dks jksdk tk ldrk
gSA ,d =qfVjfgr iz.kkyh vFkkZr~ dwVc) ckjdksM tks Nk= ¼vkSj dsUnz½ dh igpku dks u dsoy ijh{kd ls cfYd
ijh{kk foHkkx ds deZpkfj;ksa ls Hkh fNikrk gS] dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA bls vU; i)fr;ksa ds la;kstu ls
Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ fdlh fo’ks”k ijh{kd dks nh xbZ ijh{kk iqfLrdk dk ;kn`fPNdj.kA
7-2 dnkpkj dk ,d cM+k lzksr ijh{kk gkWy ds ckgj ls enn ds :Ik esa vkrk gS] ;gka rd dh dHkh&dHkh
fufeZr lk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls vkrk gSA ;fn vH;kfFkZ;ksa dks izFke 90 feuVksa esa ijh{kk dsUnzksa dks NksM+dj
u tkus dh vuqefr gks vksj mlds ckn Hkh vius lkFk iz’u i=ksa dks ysdj tkus dh vuqefr u gks rks
vf/kdka’k leL;kvksa dk lek/kku fd;k tk ldrk gSA
7-3 lqjf{kr rjhds ls ijh{kk ds ‘kq: gksus ds rRdky igys baVjusV ds ek/;e ls bu dsUnzksa ij lh/ks gh iz’u
i=ksa dk izs”k.k ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
8- izkS|ksfxdh gLr{ksi@izkS|ksfxdh vk/kkfjr Lopkyu
8-1 izkS|ksfxdh gLr{ksi vkSj Lopkyu ds {ks=ksa dks fofufnZ”V fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku
}kjk bldk vuqlj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
8-2 fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx] mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku }kjk mi;ksx gsrq visf{kr lkQ~Vos;j dh RkS;kjh ds lac/a k esa
igy dj ldrk gS ¼fo’ks”kdj iathdj.k] ijh{kk gkWy esa cSBus lac/a kh izc/a ku] O;fDrxr gkWy fVdV ds eqnn~ ]s vkarfjd
vkSj ckg~; vkdyu ds ifj.kkeksa dk lesdu] vafre ifj.kkeksa dh rS;kjh] xzMs ksa dh x.kuk vkfn {ks=ksa es½a A bUgsa bu
lq/kkjksa ds mfpr dk;kZUo;u esa rsth ykus ds fy, mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku gsrq miyC/k djk;k tk ldrk gSA
9- iz’u cSad
9-1 bls ‘kh”kZ izkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg,A
9-2 iz’u cSad dh rS;kjh] ikB~;Øe&okj dh tkuh pkfg, ¼eq[;] oSdfYid] ;ksX;rk@dkS’ky vkfn½A
9-3 fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx izeq[k ikB~;Øeksa@fo”k;ksa esa ewyHkwr iz’u i=ksa dh rS;kjh ds fy, igy dj
ldrk gSA mlds Ik’pkr~] bUgsa mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku }kjk viuk;k tk ldrk gSA blls dqN gn rd
U;wure ,d:Ikrk] xq.koRrk vkSj ekud lqfuf’pr gksxkA
9-4 ;g iz’u i= Ik;kZIr :Ik ls cM+s gksus pkfg, vkSj buesa KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa
ds rgr iz’u gksus pkfg,A
9-5 f’k{kdksa vkSj Nk=ksa dks vuq’kksf/kr iz’u i= miyC/k djk;k tkuk pkfg,A
10- U;wure ekudhd`r volajpuk dh vko’;drk
10-1 U;wure volajpuk laca/kh vko’;drkvksa dks fofgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A U;wure visf{kr volajpuk ls
de volajpuk okys mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku dks le;c) rjhds ls izkfIr dh vksj dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
10-2 mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku Lrj ij bu lq/kkjksa dh fuxjkuh jkT; Lrjh; ijh{kk lq/kkj lfefr }kjk dh tk ldrh gSA
11- ;ksX;rk tkap
11-1 bls Nk=ksa dh ;ksX;rk dk vkdyu djus vkSj n’kkZus ds fy, fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
11-2 izk;ksfxd ijh{kkvksa ds fofHkUu Lrj vkSj rRLFkkfud leL;k lek/kku vH;kl dks Nk=ksa ds dkS’ky ds
vkdyu ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA
12- ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk
12-1 ifj.kkeksa dh ?kks”k.kk fdlh Hkh mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku dh ‘kSf{kd iz.kkyh dk egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gS ftl ij
mldh fo’oluh;rk vkSj izfr”Bk gksrh gSA ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk dh izfØ;k dks etcwr djus ds fy, ;g
egRoiw.kZ gS fd ifj.kke dh ?kks”k.kk dh le;&lhek] ifj.kke dkMZ dh O;k[;k dh Li”Vrk] bldk O;kid
izk:Ik] igqap vkSj lR;kiu ;ksX;rk vkfn tSlh fo’ks”krkvksa dks ‘kkfey fd;k tk,A
12-2 NAD ds ek/;e ls igqap vkSj lR;kiu dks lqfuf’pr fd;k tk,A

lanHkZ xzaFk
1- vf[ky Hkkjrh; rduhdh f'k{kk ifj"kn% fjdeaMs'ku QkWj ,Dtkfeus'u fjQkeZ Https://www.aicte-india.
org/sites/default/files/ExaminationReforms.pdf ls fy;k x;kA
2- ,aMjlu, ,yMCY;w ¼bZMh½] ØsFkOgksy] Mh-vkj- ¼bZMh½] ,;j,f'k;k] ih-MCY;w Øwd’kkad] ds-,-] es;j] vkj-bZ]
fiUVªkp] ih-vkj] jFl] ts-] vkSj foVªkd] ,e-lh- ¼2001½] , VsDlksukeh Qkj yfuZax] Vhfpax] ,.M vlsflax%
, jhfotu vkWQ CywEl~ VsDlksukWeh QkWj ,twds'kuy vkCtsfDVOl~ ¼laiw.kZ laLdj.k½A U;w;kWdZ% yk¡xeSuA
3- vlslesaV DokfyVh lkbfdy] oksykaxksax fo'ofo|ky;] vkWLVªsfy;k] https://www.uow.edu.au/curriculum-
transformation/aqc/ind ex.html
4- fØ;sfVax ,.M ;wftax #fczd] ,cyhZ lsaVj] Vhfpax ,Dlhysal ,aM ,twds'ku bUuksos'ku] dkusZxh esykWu
;uhoflZVh] https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment@assesslearning /rubrics.html
5- ;wjksfi;u lsaVj QkWj n MsoyiesaV vkWQ oksds'kuy VªsÇux ¼2009½A n f'k¶V Vw yfuZax vkmVde% ikfylht
,aM izsfDVlst bu ;wjksiA yDlecxZ% ;wjksih; leqnk;ksa ds vkf/kdkfjd izdk'kuksa ds fy, dk;kZy;A Http://
www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/3054_en.pdf ls izkIr fd;k tk,A
6- xkbMsal vkWu ekWMjs'ku] ;wuhoflZVh vkWQ okjfod] https://warwick.ac.uk/ services/aro/dar/quality/
categories/examinations/moderation/moderation_g uidance.pdf
7- gkykMk;uk] Vh-,e- vkSj MkWmÇux] ,l-,e- vkSj jksfMªt, ,e-lh- ¼2002½A , fjO;q v‚Q eYVhIy p‚bl vkbVe
jkbfVax xkbMykbUl Q‚j Dykl:e vlslesaVA ,IykbZM estjesaV~l bu ,twds'ku] 15¼3½] 309&334A
8- izks- lrlaxh ih-,l- }kjk fodflr O;k[;kRed lajpukRed ekWMy ¼ISM½A
9- fy;w, D;w- ¼2015½A vkWmVde csLM ,tqds'ku bfuf'k,fVo bu vksaVkfj;ks iksLV lsdsaMjh ,tqds'ku%
dsl LVMhtA VksjaVks% gkW;j ,tqds'ku DokfyVh dkamfly v‚Q vksaVkfj;ks Http://www.heqco.ca/
SiteCollectionDocuments/ OBE% 20ENG.pdf ls fy;k x;k
10- ekWMjs'ku xkbMsal, baLVhV~¸kwV QkWj ,dsMfed MsoyiesaV] n ;wfuoÆlVh vkWQ ,fMucxZ] https://www.
ed.ac.uk/institute-academic-development/learning- teaching/staff/assessment/moderation-guidance
11- e‚Mjs'ku ikfylh] QSdYVh v‚Q ,tqds'ku] ;wfuoflZVh v‚Q osfyaxVu http://www.cad.vuw.ac.nz/wiki/
images/6/6d/FofEDModPolicy20132015.pdf
12- fjokbTM CywEl VsDlksukseh] yksok LVsV ;wfuoflZVh http://www.celt.iastate.edu/ teaching/effective-teaching-
practices/ revised-blooms- taxonomy
13- fjpMZ ikWy vkSj ÇyMk ,YMj ¼2007½A fØfVdy fFkafdax dEisVsUlh LVSaMMZ~l% LVSaMMZ~l] fçafliYl] ijQ‚jesal
baMhdsVlZ ,aM vkWmVde foFk , fØfVdy fFkafdaxA ekLVj :fczdA http://www.criticalthinking.org/ files/
SAM_Comp%20Stand_07opt.pdf ls fy;k x;kA
14- #fczDl Q‚j vlslesaV] u‚FksZuZ bfYyu‚l ;wfuoflZVh] QSdYVh MsoyiesaV ,aM baLVªD'kuy fMtkbu lsaVj]
https://www.niu.edu/facdev/_pdf/ guide/assessment/rubrics_for_assessment.pdf
15- LihMh] fofy;e th] ¼1994½A vkWmVde& csLM ,tqds'ku% fØfVdy b';wt ,aM vkallZA vesfjdu
,lksfl,'ku v‚Q Ldwy ,MfefuLVªsVlZ] https://files.eric.ed.gov/ fulltext/ED380910.pdf ls fy;k x;kA
16- vaMjLVSafMax vkWbVe ,ukfyfll] ;wfuoflZVh v‚Q okf'kaxVu] http://www. washington.edu/assessment/
scanning-coring/scoring/reports/item- analysis
17- ;wflax vlslesaV #fczDl] n ;wfuoflZVh v‚Q ubZ lkWmFk osYl] flMuh] https://teaching.unsw.edu.au/
assessment-rubrics
18- 25 b;lZ okf'kaxVu ,d‚MZ% 1989-2014 lsysczfVax baVjus'kuy bathfu;fjax LVSaMMZ~l ,aM fjdfXu'ku]
http://
www.ieagreements.org/assets/Uploads/Documents/History/25YearsWashingtonAccord-A5booklet-
FINAL.pdf.

ifjf’k”V 1
lkekU; mPprj f’k{kk dk;ZØe f’k{kk ds mÌs’; ¼dfri; mnkgj.k½%
1½ ‘kS{kf.kd mÌs’;
ckSf)d ‘kfä
lkekU; Kku
oSKkfud vfHko`fÙk
vkRe fuHkZj
varj&fo”k;d vuqHko
vfHk{kerk
Lora= fopkj
rkfdZd {kerk
KkuvtZu&vknr
2½ uSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed ewY;
HkkoukRed ifjiDork
uSfrd ewY;
ljy thou
fu% LokFkZ lsok
fouezrk
lR;okfnrk
Je dh mPp xfjek
uSfrd pfj=
‘kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld dY;k.k
3½ lkekftd laosnu’khyrk
jk”Vªh; laL—fr vkSj fojklr
lfg”.kqrk vkSj fofo/krk
jk”Vªh; ,drk
xzkeh.k thou dks le>uk
ukxfjd foosd
vf/kdkjksa ds fy, lEeku
tsusfjd Lukrd dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼dfri; mnkgj.k½%
1½ ‘kS{kf.kd
O;kolkf;d Kku
leL;k fo’ys”k.k
fMtkbu vkSj lek/kku fodkl
tfVy leL;kvksa dh tkap djuk
uokpkj vkSj m|ferk
O;fäxr vkSj Vhe dk;Z lEizs”k.k
O;kolkf;d vkSj m|ksx
vkthou KkuvtZu dk vuqHko
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj i

ifjf'k"V 1
2½ O;kolkf;d vkSj m|ksx

is’ksoj uSfrdrk ,dh—r
ewY; ç.kkyh ‘kkjhfjd vkSj
ekufld dY;k.k
3½ lkekftd laosnu’khyrk f’k{kk
vkSj lekt i;kZoj.k vkSj /kkj.kh;rk
jk”Vªh; lafo/kku] laL—fr vkSj fojklr
lkekftd laosnu’khyrk vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl
tsusfjd dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke dk tsusfjd dk;ZØe f’k{kk mÌs’;ksa ds lkFk *VsªlsfcfyVh eSfVªDl*
tsusfjd dk;ZØe KkuvtZu tsusfjd dk;ZØe f'k{kk mÌs’;

ifj.kke
PLO&1% vuq’kklukRed@is’ksoj ckSf)d cy varfoZ/kk;h vuqHko
Kku
PLO&2% leL;k fo’ys”k.k ckSf)d cy rkfdZd {kerk ;ksX;rk
PLO&3% lek/kku@uhfr;ksa dk ckSf)d cy oSKkfud :>ku vkRefuHkZjrk
fMtkbZu vkSj fodkl
PLO&4% tfVy leL;kvksa esa tkap oSKkfud :>ku Lora= fopkj vkRefuHkZjrk
djuk
PLO&5% vk/kqfud mi;ksx lk/ku ckSf)d cy ;ksX;rk
PLO&6% varj vkSj ijk fo/kk Lora= fopkj varfoZ/kk;h vkRefuHkZjrk
fodkl vuqHko
PLO&7% tqxkM+ uoksUes”k vkSj ckSf)d cy Lora= fopkj varfoZ/kk;h
m|ferk vuqHko
PLO&8% vkpkjuhfr fofo/krk gsrq lnkpkj laca/kh lR;’khyrk
lfg”.kqrk ewY;
PLO&9% O;fDrijd vkSj nyxr fofo/krk gsrq lnkpkj laca/kh lR;’khyrk
dk;Z lfg”.kqrk ewY;
PLO&10% laEizs”k.k ckSf)d cy rkfdZd {kerk vkRefuHkZjrk
PLO&11% ifj;kstuk izca/ku vkSj ckSf)d cy rkfdZd {kerk
foÙk
PLO&12% O;kolkf;d vkSj m|ksx ckSf)d cy Lora= fopkj oSKkfud
dk vuqHko :>ku
PLO&13% vkthou KkuvtZu lh[kus dh
vknr
PLO&14% f’k{kk vkSj lekt fu”dke lsok Lora= fopkj varfoZ/kk;h lkekU; Kku
vuqHko
ii mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ifjf'k"V 1
tsusfjd dk;ZØe KkuvtZu tsusfjd dk;ZØe f'k{kk mÌs’;

ifj.kke
PLO&15% i;kZoj.k vkSj jk”Vªh; Lora= fopkj varfoZ/kk;h lkekU; Kku
/kkj.kh;rk laLd`fr vkSj vuqHko
fojklr
PLO&16% lkekftd laosnu’khyrk Je dh xfjek xzkeh.k thou fu”dke lsok mPp uSfrd varfoZ/kk;h
vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl dk cks/k pfj= vuqHko
PLO&17% jk”Vªh; lafo/kku] laL—fr jk”Vªh; jk”Vªh; ,drk fu”dke lsok vf/kdkjksa ds lkekU;
vkSj fojklr laL—fr vkSj izfr lEeku Kku
fojklr
PLO&18% ‘kkjhfjd vkSj ‘kkjhfjd
euksoSKkfud ;ksX;rk vkSj ekufld
LokLF;
PLO&19% lesfdr ewY; iz.kkyh fofo/krk gsrq HkkoukRed lR;’khyrk mPp uSfrd
lfg”.kqrk ifjiDork pfj=
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj iii

ifjf’k”V 2
2-1% la’kksf/kr Cywe oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij çR;sd dk;ZØe lwpd dh ewY;kadu
dk;Zuhfr
PO&1% vfHk;kaf=dh laca/kh Kku% xf.kr] foKku] vfHk;kaf=dh ds ewyHkwr la’kksf/kr CywEl oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj
rF;ksa ds Kku dks ykxw djsa vkSj tfVy vfHk;kaf=dh laca/kh leL;kvksa ds ij ewY;kadu
lek/kku ds fy, ,d vfHk;kaf=dh laca/kh fo’ks”kKrkA
lh,l l{kerk vkbZ , l lwpd
vuqiz;ksx djuk
ewY;kadu djuk
fo’ys”k.k djuk
la[;k la[;k
Lej.k djuk
l`tu djuk
cks/k djuk
1-1 xf.krh; e‚Mfyax esa 1-1-1 leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy,
l{kerk dk çn’kZu xf.krh; rduhdksa tSls dSYdwyl]
js[kh; chtxf.kr vkSj lkaf[;dh
ykxw djsa
1-1-2 tkapus vkSj ;kaf=d bathfu;fjax
leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy,
mUur xf.krh; rduhdksa dks ykxw
djsa
iv mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

2-2 % ewY‍;kadu dk;Zuhfr ds lkFk&lkFk ikBîØe KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa dh dk;ZØe KkuvtZUk ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk
ih,yvks& 1% xf.krh; ekWMfyax iz;ksXkkRed f’k{kk vkSj la’kksf/kr CywEl oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij lh,yvks&1% x.kuk ,oa eSfVªDl la’kksf/kr CywEl oxhZdj.k ds
lax.kuk ds egRo dks igpkuuk vkSj HkkSfrd fo’o dk o.kZu ewY;kadu vk/kkj ij ewY;kadu
djus ds fy, lfUudVu (approximation) vkSj xf.krh;
n`f”Vdks.k
lh,l la[;k
vkbZ,l la[;k
Lej.k djuk
le>uk
le>uk
fo’ys”k.k
ewY;kadu djuk
l`tu djuk
lh,l la[;k
vkbZ,l la[;k
Lej.k djuk
le>uk
le>uk
o’ys”k.k
ewY;kadu djuk
l`tu djuk
{kerk Lkadsrd ikB~~;Øe {kerk ikB~;Øe fu”iknu ladsrd

xf.krh; e‚Mfyax dSydqyl dk lehdj.kksa dks gy djus
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

esa l{kerk dk 'kjhj mi;ksx dj ds fy, lfEeJ la[;k
çn’kZu okLrfod nqfu;k ds fofHkUu :iksa ds lkFk
dh dkjZokbZ djukA
leL;kvksa dks gy
1-1 1-1-1 1-1 djus dh 1-1-1
{kerk dk çn’kZu
okLrfod fo’o dh
1-1-2 leL;kvksa dks gy djus
ds fy, b”Vreh; rduhd
mi;ksx djus dh {kerkA
foHksnd lehdj.k vkjfEHkd ewY;ksa dks gy
dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, ySiYl
dj okLrfod :ikUrj dks ykxw djukA
nqfu;k dh
leL;kvksa dks gy
1-2 djus dh
{kerk dk çn’kZu
e‚My vkSj ;kaf=d
leL;kvksa dks gy
djus ds fy, mUur
xf.krh; rduhdksa dks
ykxw djsa
1-1-2
v
ifjf'k"V 2
ifjf'k"V 2
2-3% Cywe ds oxhZdj.k dk mi;ksx djds dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke vkSj ikBîØe
KkuvtZu ifj.kke dks tksM+us ds fy, ,d <kapk
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu dk;ZØe l{kerk dk;ZØe lwpd la’kksf/kr Cywe ds ikBîØe &1
ifj.kke oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ikBîØe l{kerk
ij ewY;kadu
1-1 1-2
Lkwpd
PO 1 1-1 1-1-1 ;kn djuk X
le>uk X X X
ykxw djuk X X X
fo’ys”k.k djuk X
ewY;kadu djuk
l`tu djuk
2-4% ‘kS{kf.kd fo/kk ls lacaf/kr ikBîØeksa ds fy, la’kksf/kr Cywe oxhZdj.k Lrj ds fy,
*eSfiax vlslesaV* ds Lo:i
‘kS{kf.kd fØ;kdykiksa ds fy, ewY;kadu ;kn djuk le>uk ykxw djuk fo’ys”k.k ewY;kadu l`tu djuk
dk Lo:i djuk djuk
nSfud x`g fufnZ”V dk;Z & mÌs’;
nSfud x`g fufnZ”V dk;Z & fo”k;ijd
d{kk fufnZ”V dk;Z
laxksf”B rFkk thMh
iz;ksx’kkyk iz’uksÙkjh
ifj;kstuk
vkof/kd ijh{kk
2-5% dk;ZØe f’k{kk mís’;ksa ¼PEOs½ dh çkfIr%
pwafd ;g ,d Lukrd Lrj dh miyfC/k;ksa jgha gSa] Lukrd gksus ds rhu ls pkj o”kZ ds ckn ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
fgr/kkjdksa ls izkIr çfrfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij çkfIr;ksa ds laca/k esa fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA
fgr/kkjd gSa
1. iwoZ Nk=
2. ekrk& firk
3. fu;kstd
4. m|ksx
5. lgdehZ
PEOs ds vk/kkj ij ,d iz’ukoyh rS;kj dh tkrh gS vkSj larks”ktud izfrfØ;k dk izfr’kr fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk
gSA ;fn fu/kkZfjr vuqekfur Lrj dh izkfIr gks tkrh gS rks ekuk tkrk gS fd PEO dh izkfIr gks xbZ gSA
PLO dh izkfIr ds fy, izfØ;k dks viuk;k tkrk gS%
• izR;sd PLOgsrq ;ksxnku djus okys ikB~;Øeksa dh lwphA

• PLO ds lkFk izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds CLO dk eSiA
• PLO dh izkfIr esa izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds egRo dk irk yxkukA
• ewY;kadu dh izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k i)fr;ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, CLO dh izkfIr dh lax.kuk djukA
vi mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ifjf'k"V 2
• fdlh fo’ofo|ky; ijh{kk] vkarfjd ewY;kadu] lkSais gq, dk;Z] dk;kZof/k vkSj ekSf[kd@O;ogkfjd ijh{kkvksa
esa Nk= ds dk;Zfu”iknu ij izR;{k ewY;kadu i)fr vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA
• izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds var esa fgr/kkjdksa ls vkof/kd izfrfØ;k ij ewY;kadu dh vizR;{k i)fr vk/kkfjr
gksrh gSA
• izR;sd ikB~;Øe ifj.kke dh izkfIr dh lax.kuk esa izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k ewY;kadu dk egRo] dk;ZØe nj
dk;ZØe vyx gks ldrk gSA lkekU;r;k] izR;{k ewY;kadu ds fy, 70 izfr’kr vkSj vizR;{k ewY;kadu ds
fy, 30 izfr’kr dh flQkfj’k dh tkrh gS ¼izkfIr ¾0-7 D$0-3 I½A
• lacaf/kr PLO esa ;ksxnku nsus okys lHkh ikB~;Øeksa dh izkfIr dk irk yxkukA
• izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds egRo ds vk/kkj ij mDr PLO ds izR;{k ewY;kadu dk mi;ksx djrs gq, izkfIr dh
lax.kuk dh tkrh gSA
• vizR;{k ewY;kadu dk mi;ksx djrs gq, PLO dh izkfIr dh x.kuk *,fXtV QhMCkSd* ij vk/kkfjr gksrh
gSA
• ih,yvks dh vafre izkfIr ds mi;qDr egRo ¼0-7 D $0-3 I½ ds lafoHkktu dh lax.kuk dh tkrh gSA
LukrdiwoZ ikB~;Øe ds fy, laLrqr ihbZvks] Lukrd fo’ks”krk,a] ih,yvks&
foKku Lukrd ¼ch,llh½
d½ PEOs
• PEO 1% is’ksoj dWfj;j esa ewyHkwr foKku vkSj blds vuqiz;ksxksa esa dWfj;j ds fy, Nk=ksa dks rS;kj
djukA
• PEO 2% lacaf/kr foKku {ks= esa fodkl ds lkFk rkyesy fcBkus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks rS;kj djukA
• foKku {ks=A
[k½ Lukrd fo’ks”krk,a
d- foKku dh tkudkjh% fofHkUu vuqiz;ksxksa ds lkFk iz’uksa ds lek/kku ds fy, xf.kr] foKku vkSj ewyHkwr
fo”k;ksa dh tkudkjh dk mi;ksx djsaA
[k- iz’uksa dk fo’ys”k.k% xf.kr] izkd`frd foKku ds izFke fl)karksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Ik;kZIr fu”d”kZ rd
igqaprs gq, fofHkUu vuqla/kku vkSj vuqiz;ksx laca/kh leL;kvksa dh igpku djuk] fu:i.k djuk] mu ij
vuqla/kku ys[k fy[kuk vkSj fo’ys”k.k djukA
x- tfVy leL;kvksa ds fy, lek/kku dk fMtkbu vkSj fodkl% mu iz.kkyhxr izfrfØ;kvksa vFkok izfØ;kvksa
dk fMtkbu djuk tks tu LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk o lkekftd ,oa Ik;kZoj.kh; fopkj.k ds fy, mi;qDr
fopkj ds lkFk fofufnZ”V vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djrh gksaA
?k- tfVy leL;kvksa dh tkap djuk% ,slh leL;k,a ftudk lek/kku lh/ks&lh/ks Kku] fl)karksa vkSj rduhdksa
ds vuqiz;ksx ls fd;k tk ldrk gS] ds dksbZ fof’k”V lek/kku ugha gks ldrs gSa] ftUgsa mi;qDr xf.krh;
:Ikjs[kk vFkok oSKkfud O;qRiUu ds rgr ifjHkkf”kr ¼uewuk rS;kj djuk½ fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gksrh
gSA
³ vk/kqfud lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx% bu lhekvksa ds cks/k ds lkFk fofHkUu izfrfØ;kvksa ds vuqeku vkSj fu:Ik.k
lfgr mi;qDr rduhdksa] laLkk/kuksa vkSj vk/kqfud lk/kuksa dk l`tu djuk] p;u djuk vkSj ykxw djukA
p- Ik;kZoj.k vkSj /kkj.kh;rk% lkekftd vkSj Ik;kZoj.k lanHkksZa esa oSKkfud vuqiz;ksxksa ds izHkko dks le>uk vkSj
Kku dk izn’kZu rFkk /kkj.kh; fodkl dh vko’;drkA
N- uhfr’kkL=% uSfrd fl)karksa dks ykxw djuk vkSj is’ksoj uSfrdrkvksa] mÙkjnkf;Roksa vkSj oSKkfud ,oa
/kkj.kh; fodkl ds ekudksa ds izfr izfrc)rkA
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj vii

ifjf'k"V 2
t- O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd dk;Z% cgqfo”k;d O;oLFkk esa O;fDr&fo’ks”k ds :Ik esa vkSj fHkUu nyksa esa lnL;
;k vxz.kh O;fDr ds :Ik esa izHkkoh rjhds ls dk;Z djukA
>- laokn% mDr leqnk; vkSj laiw.kZ lekt ds lkFk tfVy dk;Zdykiksa ij izHkkoh <a+x ls laokn djuk ;Fkk
izHkkoh fjiksVksZa dks le>us vkSj fy[kus esa leFkZ gksuk rFkk izys[ku dks rS;kj djuk] izHkkoh izLrqfrdj.k
nsuk vkSj Li”V vuqns’k nsuk o izkIr djukA
¥- ifj;kstuk izca/ku vkSj for% Kku dk izn’kZu vkSj izca/ku fl)karksa dh le> rFkk O;fDr ds vius dk;Z
ds fy, vuqla/kku vkSj vuqiz;ksx ifj;kstukvksa ds izca/ku rFkk cgqfo”k;d ifjos’k esa fdlh ny ds lnL;
vFkok vxz.kh O;fDr ds :Ik esa budk mi;ksx djukA
V- thoui;Zar KkuvtZu% oSKkfud cnyko ds lcls O;kid lanHkZ esa Lora= vkSj thoui;Zar KkuvtZu esa
‘kkfey gksus ds fy, rS;kjh djus vkSj l{ke cuus dh vko’;drk dh igpku djukA
ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½
Lukrd
Nk= fuEuor gsrq leFkZ gksaxs& Appendix-2
3.
1- Design systema ds
fofHkUu leL;kvks reactions
lek/kku dswith fy, appropriate
ewyHkwr fo”k;ksa dsconsideration
izkIr Kku dks ykxwtodjukA
safety, economy,
2- health
fofHkUu and
vuqla/environmental
kku vkSj oSKkfud leL;kvks considerations.
a dk fo’ys”k.k djukA
3- Solve
4. lqj{kk] complex
vFkZO;oLFkk] scientific
LokLF; vkSj problems
Ik;kZoj.k ij iwby .kZ :is .k /;ku nsrs gsscientific
conducting rq mi;qDr fopkj.k ds lkFk or
derivations iz.kkyhxr
izfrfØ;kvksa dks rSsimulations.
mathematical ;kj djukA
4- Use
5. oSKkfud O;qRifRr;ks
modern a vFkok
tools, xf.krh; and
resources vuq:software.
Ikrk dks djrs gq, tfVy oSKkfud leL;kvksa dk lek/kku
djukA their responsibilities in societal and environmental contexts.
6. Apply
5- vk/kqfud lk/kuksa] lalk/kuksa vkSj lkWQ~Vos;j dk mi;ksx djukA
7. Exhibit professional ethics and norms of scientific development
6- lkekftd vkSj Ik;kZoj.kh; lanHkksZa esa vius mÙkjnkf;Roksa dks ykxw djukA
8. Function individually and in teamwork.
7- is’ksoj uSfrdrk rFkk oSKkfud fodkl ds ekudksa dks iznf’kZr djukA
9.
8- Communicate
O;fDrxr vkSj lkeweffectively
fgd :Ik esa dk;Z in both
djukAverbal and written forms.
10.Manage
9- ekSf[kd vkSthe work:Ik
j fyf[kr and esa izfinance
Hkkoh :Ik of ls alaoresearch,
kn djukA application projects.
11.Practice
10- fdlh vuqthe
la/kku]use
vuqof
iz;kslifelong
x ifj;kstukvkslearning.
a ds dk;Z dk izca/ku djuk vkSj foRriks”k.k djukA
11- thoui;Zar KkuvtZu ds mi;ksx dk vH;kl djukA
Following
fuEufyf[kr Table;gshows
rkfydk n’kkZrh how
gS fd the fdl PLOs are aligned
izdkj ih,yvks ] *xzstq,Vwith
,VªhC;wthe
V~l* Graduate Attributes
¼GAs½ ds lkFk lajsf[kr gksrs gSa
(GAs)

^PLOs *
PLOs ^xzstq,V ,Vª
Graduate hC;wV~l*
Attributes

a, b
Ckh cLkh Mhd EbZ ,Q f Tkh g ,p h vkbZ
i jTks Kds

1 &
2 &
3 &
4 &
5 &
6 &
7 &
8 &
9 &
10 &
11 &
^Tkh,* ds lkFk *ih,yvks
Mapping of PLOs with GAs * dh eS f ia x

Note: The PEOs, PLOs and Graduate Attributes defined above are
viii
examples/samples for an under graduate programmemPprj f'k{kk laLeducation.
in Science Fkkuksa esa ewY;kadOn
u lqthe
/kkj
basis of experience, study, requirements and feedback from various stake holders,
Institutions/ departments can define /rewrite PEOs/PLO/CLOs/GAs. Further, on
similar grounds institutions/departments can write PEOs/PLO/CLOs/GAs for
ifjf'k"V 2
uksV% mi;qDr ifjHkkf”kr ihbZvks] ih,yvks vkSj *xzstq,V ,VªhC;wV~l* foKku f’k{kk esa LukrdiwoZ ikB~;Øe ds mnkgj.k@
uewus gSaA vuqHko] v/;;u] vko’;drkvksa vkSj fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ls izkIr izfrfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij laLFkk,a@foHkkx
PEO@PLO@CLO@GA dks ifjHkkf”kr@iquysZ[ku dj ldrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr] bUgha vk/kkjksa ij laLFkk,a@foHkkx
vU; ikB~;Øeksa ;Fkk dyk@okf.kT; vkfn ds fy, PEO@PLO@CLO@GA dks fy[k ldrs gSaA
LukrdiwoZ ikB~;Øe & foKku Lukrd ¼ch,llh½ ds fy, ih,yvks dh izkfIr dh
uewuk lax.kuk
ikB~;Øe dk uke% ch,llh ¼jlk;u ‘kkL=½
1- izR;sd PLO esa ;ksxnku nsus okys ikB~;Øe ¼lsesLVj ,d ls Ng rd½ ds ikB~;Øeksa dh lwphA
2- izR;sd ikB~;Øe dk CLOs fy[kuk vkSj PLOs ds lkFk eSi djukA
;gka HkkSfrd jlk;u ds ikB~;Øe dk mnkgj.k fy;k x;k gS
mDr ikB~;Øe ds CLOs dks mDr ikB~;Øe ds PLO 1 ds lkFk eSi fd;k tkrk gSA bl ikB~;Øe ds PLO 1 ds
lkFk mDr ikB~;Øe ds ikB~;Øe ifj.kke dk uewuk eSfiax fuEufyf[kr gS%
ikB~;Øe dksM&
ikB~;Øe ‘kh”kZd% HkkSfrd jlk;u ¼lsesLVj III½
CLOs PLOs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 H & & & H & & & H & & M
2 H & & & H & & & & & & M
3 H & & & H & & & & & & H
4 H H & & H & & & & & & H
5 H H & & H & & & & & & H
6 H & & & H & & & M & & H
ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa ds chp lg laca/k dks v{kjkadu xzsM ;Fkk H] M]
L dk mi;ksx dj rhu Lrjksa ij ifjHkkf”kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldk vFkZ fuEuor gS&
L ¼fuEu½ % lacaf/kr PLO ds lkFk CLO ds ;ksxnku dh jsat dks crykrk gS tks 1 ls 30 izfr’kr ds chp gksrh
gSA
M ¼e/;e½ % lacaf/kr PLO ds lkFk CLO ds ;ksxnku dh jsat dks crykrk gS tks 31 ls 70 izfr’kr ds chp
gksrh gSA
H ¼mPp½ % lacaf/kr PLO ds lkFk CLO ds ;ksxnku dh jsat dks crykrk gS tks 71 ls 100 izfr’kr ds chp
gksrh gSA
blh vk/kkj ij lHkh o”kksZa@lsesLVjksa ds ikB~;Øeksa ds eSfiax ih,yvks ds lkFk dh tkrh gS vkSj v{kjkadu xzsMksa ds
lanHkZ esa lg laca/k dks ifjHkkf”kr fd;k tkrk gSA
3- lacaf/kr PLO dh izkfIr esa izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds ;ksxnku ds lkisf{kd egRo vkSj izfr’kr dh lax.kukA
*flDl&flxek* ds fl)kar dk mi;ksx lacaf/kr PLO dh izkfIr esa izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds ;ksxnku ds lkisf{kd egRo
vkSj izfr’kr dh lax.kuk ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy,] iz;qDr lk/ku dks Ng flXek lk/ku dgk tkrk gS tks
eSfVªDl izHkko iSnk djus okyk dkj.k gksrk gS vkSj mls izHkkfor djrk gSA Ng flXek fl)kar ds vuqlkj H] M vkSj
L dk eku Øe’k% 9] 3 vkSj 1 gksrk gSA uewuk lax.kuk dks uhps n’kkZ;k x;k gS%
^^HkkSfrd jlk;u^^ ikB~;Øe ds ikB~;Øe ifj.kke ¼Ng flXek lk/ku ds vuqlkj H] M vkSj L dh la[;k vkSj budk
eku½ ¾ 6 H¾6χ9 ¾54 ds lanHkZ esa PLO 1 dh izkfIr esa ^^HkkSfrd jlk;u^^ ikB~;Øe dk eku ih,yvks1 dh izkfIr
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj ix

ifjf'k"V 2
esa HkkSfrd jlk;u ikB~;Øe dk Hkkfjr eku gS tksfd¾ ikB~;Øe ds eku@ lHkh ikB~;Øeksa ds dqy eku¾ 54@1548¾
3-48 izfr’kr ds cjkcj gSA ;gka 1548] ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu ifj.kke vkSj Ng flXek lk/ku ds lkFk ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu
ifj.kkeksa ds chp lg laca/k ds vk/kkj ij laxf.kr PLO1 esa ;ksxnku nsus okys lHkh ikB~;Øeksa dk dqy eku gksrk
gSA
ikB~;Øe dk ‘kh”kZd L M H Ekku PLO 1 dh izkfIr esa ikB~;Øe ds
;ksxnku dk eku izfr’kr
HkkSfrd jlk;u 0 0 6 54 3-48
blh izdkj] ih,yvks 1 dh izkfIr esa izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds ;ksxnku ds eku izfr’kr dh lax.kuk djsa
CLO dh izkfIr
CLO dh izkfIr dh x.kuk] izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k ewY;kadu i)fr dk iz;ksx djds dh tkrh gSA ewY;kadu dh izR;{k
i)fr fo’ofo|ky; ijh{kk] vkarfjd ewY;kadu] fu;r dk;Z] nyxr dk;Z vkSj ekSf[kd@ izk;ksfxd ijh{kkvksa esa Nk=
ds dk;Zfu”iknu ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gS rFkk ewY;kadu dh vizR;{k i)fr izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds var esa fgr/kkjdksa ls
vkof/kd izfrfØ;k ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA
d½ izR;{k ewY;kadu lk/kuksa }kjk lh,yvks dh izkfIr%
1½ vafre lsesLVj ijh{kk ls CLOs dk ewY;kadu% vafre lsesLVj ijh{kk ds ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij izR;sd fo”k;
esa 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad ykus okys Nk=ksa dh la[;k dk irk yxk;k tkrk gS ¼vad izfr’kr esa cnyko
fd;k tk ldrk gSA½
2½ nyxr dk;Z ,oa ekSf[kd@izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ls CLOs dk ewY;kadu% nyxr dk;Z ,oa ekSf[kd@izk;ksfxd
ijh{kk ds ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij izR;sd fo”k; esa 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad ykus okys Nk=ksa dh la[;k
dk irk yxk;k tkrk gSA blesa nyxr dk;Z ds vad Hkh ‘kkfey gSa tks laiw.kZ lsesLVj ls Nk= ds lrr~
ewY;kadu ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSaA blesa le;fu”Bk ¼le; ls izLrqr djuk½] izR;sd izk;ksfxd dk;Z@ fu;r
dk;ksZa@Mªkbax ‘khV dh izLrqfr vkSj cks/k ‘kkfey gaSA
3½ ;wfuV ijh{kk ijh{kk ls CLOs dk ewY;kadu% bu ikB~;p;kZ dks rS;kj djrs gq, bl ;wfuV dks bl izdkj
ls rS;kj djus ds fy, /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg, rkfd izR;sd&
tc fdlh fo’ks”k ;wfuV f’k{k.k izfØ;k esa ‘kkfey fd;k tk, rks CLO f’k{k.k esa lfEefyr gksA rhu ;wfuV ijh{kk dh
tkrh gSa( izR;sd ;wfuV ijh{kk dh ikB~;p;kZ dks ;g dgrs gq, lqifjHkkf”kr fd;k tk, fd ;wfuV lnL;ksa dk ml ;wfuV
ijh{kk esa ewY;kadu fd;k tk,xkA izR;sd ;wfuV ijh{kk ds iz’u i=ksa dks rS;kj djrs gq, fof’k”V ;wfuVksa ds laca/k esa
iz’uksa dks rS;kj djus ds fy, /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA rhu ;wfuV ijh{kkvksa ds ifj.kkeksa dks tkuus ds ckn Nk= }kjk bl
ikB~;Øe ds izR;sd ;wfuV esa izkIr vadksa dk irk yxk;k tkrk gSA
;fn fdlh Nk= dks fdlh iz’u esa 60 izfr’kr vad izkIr gq, gksa rks ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd mUgksaus visf{kr lhek rd
ml ;wfuV dks le> fy;k gS vkSj rnUkq:Ikh CLO izkIr dj fy;k gSA bu lHkh rhu ;wfuV ijh{kkvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs
gq, Nk= dh lHkh CLO izkfIr dk vkSlr] ;wfuV ijh{kk esa ml Nk= ds dk;Zfu”iknu dks n’kkZrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr rkfydk] ;wfuV ijh{kkvksa esa dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj ij CLOs dh izkfIr dh lax.kuk dh uewuk izkfIr
dks n’kkZrk gSA
;wfuV ijh{kkvksa esa dk;Zfu”iknu ij vk/kkfjr CLOs dh izkfIr
Øe ikB~;Øe ;wfuV ijh{kk esa izfr’kr izkfIr
l[;k CLO 1 CLO 2 CLO 3 CLO 4 CLO 5 CLO 6 vkSlr
1 HkkSfrd jlk;u 88-88 94-11 88-57 46-66 19-60 74-28 68-68
x mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ifjf'k"V 2
lHkh dk;Zfu”iknu ladsrdksa }kjk ewY;kadu dk la;kstu%

ewY;kadu ;kstuk dks mfpr egRo nsrs gq, lHkh dk;Zfu”iknu ladsrdksa ds la;kstu }kjk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
bl la;kstu ewY;kadu dk irk yxkus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS&
1½ izFke o”kZ ds ikB~;Øe ¼dsoy nyxr dk;Z gksrs gSa½ ds fy, izR;{k ewY;kadu dh x.kuk fuEuor i)fr ls dh
tkrh gS
80 20 25
125 + 125 + 125
Tkgka]
x = fl)kar dh lekfIr ds ckn lsesLVj ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr gS] tgka x dh mu Nk=ksa ds izfr’kr ds :Ik
esa x.kuk dh tkrh gS ftUgksaus vafre lsesLVj ijh{kk esa 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA
y = ;wfuV ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr] tgka y dh izR;sd ;wfuV ijh{kk esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj ij
x.kuk dh tkrh gS] mu Nk=ksa dk izfr’kr ftUgksaus ;wfuV ijh{kk esa 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA z =
nyxr dk;Z ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr] tgka z dh x.kuk nyxr dk;Z esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj ij dh
tkrh gS] ;g mu Nk=ksa dk izfr’kr gS ftUgksaus nyxr dk;Z + ekSf[kd vFkok nyxr dk;Z + izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa 60
izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA
2½ dsoy fl)kar ijh{kk okys ikB~;Øe ds fy, izR;{k ewY;kadu dh x.kuk fuEuor i)fr ls dh tkrh gS
80 20
100 + 100
Tkgka]
x = fl)kar dh lekfIr ds ckn lsesLVj ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr gS] tgka x dh mu Nk=ksa ds izfr’kr ds :Ik
y = ;wfuV ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr] tgka y dh izR;sd ;wfuV ijh{kk esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj ij
x.kuk dh tkrh gS] mu Nk=ksa dk izfr’kr gS ftUgksaus ;wfuV ijh{kk esa 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA
3½ fl)kar vkSj nyxr dk;Z $ ekSf[kd vFkok nyxr dk;Z $ izk;ksfxd ijh{kk okys ikB~;Øe ds fy, izR;{k
ewY;kadu dh x.kuk fuEuor i)fr ls dh tkrh gS&
80 20 50
150 + 150 + 150

Tkgka]
x = fl)kar dh lekfIr ds ckn lsesLVj ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr] tgka x dks mu Nk=ksa ds izfr’kr ds :Ik
y = ;wfuV ijh{kk ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr] tgka y dks izR;sd ;wfuV ijh{kk esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj
ij x.kuk dh tkrh gS] mu Nk=ksa dk izfr’kr ftUgksaus ;wfuV ijh{kk esa 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA
z = nyxr dk;Z + ekSf[kd vFkok vkof/kd dk;Z + izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu dk izfr’kr] tgka z dh x.kuk
nyxr dk;Z + ekSf[kd vFkok vkof/kd dk;Z + izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Zfu”iknu ds vk/kkj ij dh tkrh
gS] ;g mu Nk=ksa dk izfr’kr gS ftUgksaus nyxr dk;Z + ekSf[kd vFkok vkof/kd dk;Z + izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa 60
izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA
mi;qDr lw= ds vk/kkj ij CLO ds fy, dqy izR;{k izkfIr dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA fuEufyf[kr rkfydk blds fy,
uewuk lax.kuk dks n’kkZrh gS&
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj xi

ifjf'k"V 2
CLO izkfIr
f'k{kk o"kZ 2014&15
Øe ikB~;Øe mÙkh.kZ ‘kh”kZ ¼izfr’kr izkfIr½
l[;k fl)kar &VhMCyw$ekSf[kd vFkok ;wfuV izkfIr dk
VhMCyw$izk;ksfxd ijh{kk vkSlr
1 2 3 4 5 6 izfr’kr
1 HkkSfrd jlk;u 55 36 65-45 55 45 81-82 68-68 71-34
dkWye la[;k ¼1½] ¼4½ && ijh{kk esa cSBus okys Nk=ksa dh la[;kA
dkWye la[;k ¼2½] ¼5½ && mu Nk=ksa dh la[;k ftUgksaus 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd vad izkIr fd, gksaA
dkWye la[;k ¼3½] ¼6½ && izkfIr izfr’krA
uewuk lax.kuk%
ikB~;Øe uke% HkkSfrd jlk;u
lh,yvks dh izkfIr dh x.kuk ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lw= dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
80 + 20 + 50
150 150 150
mi;qDr rkfydk ds vuqlkj] x=65.45, y¾68-68] z = 81.82
lw= dk iz;ksx djsa
80 20 50
150 × 65.45 + 150 × 68.68 + 150 81.82

= 71.34
HkkSfrd jlk;u ikB~;Øe dh CLO izkfIr 71-34 gSA
vizR;{k ewY;kadu lk/kuksa }kjk CLO dh izkfIr
ikB~;Øe ifj.kke izfrfØ;k Nk=ksa dks lajfpr izfrfØ;k iz’ukoyh laforfjr dj f’k{kk o”kZ dh izR;sd vof/k dh lekfIr
ij vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSA bl izfrfØ;k iz’ukoyh dk fo’ys”k.k fuEufyf[kr iSekus ij fd;k tkrk gSA fofHkUu iSekuksa
ds lkFk izfrfØ;k izi=ksa dks NkaVk x;k rFkk 5-5 ls vf/kd iSekus okys izfrfØ;k dks vizR;{k izkfIr gsrq x.kuk ds fy,
larks”ktud Lrj ds :Ik esa ekuk x;kA fuEufyf[kr rkfydk izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds vkSlr ewY;kadu dks n’kkZus okyk
uewuk vizR;{k ewY;kadu n’kkZrk gSA
A& 10&8-5 B&8-4&7-0 C& 6-9&5-5 D& 5-4&4-0 E& 3-9&0
rkfydk 1% lh,yvks dh vçR;{k çkfIr

f’k{kk o”kZ 2014 ls 2015
izfrfØ;k nsus okys Nk=ksa dh la[;k 50 gSA
ikB~;Øe dk uke%&mUur losZ{k.k
Øe la[;k ikB~;Øe KkuvtZu fu”d”kZ *A* *B* *C* *D* *E* vkSlr ¼A$B$C½ izfr’kr vkSlr
1 CLO 1 28 20 2 0 0 50 100-00
2 CLO 2 16 28 6 0 0 50 100-00
3 CLO 3 22 16 12 0 0 25 100-00
4 CLO 4 24 18 6 2 0 50 96-00 98-66
5 CLO 5 20 22 8 0 0 50 100-00
6 CLO 6 30 12 6 0 2 48 96-00
izR;sd ikB~;Øe dh izkfIr = 0-7 D $ 0-3 I
xii mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ifjf'k"V 2
lh,yvks dh izkfIr dk vafre ewY;kadu

f’k{kk o”kZ 2014 ls 15
Øe la[;k ikB~;Øe izkfIr dk izfr’kr vkSlr ikB~;Øe
izR;{k ¼D½ vizR;{k ¼I½ izkfIr D 0-7 D$0-3 I
1 HkkSfrd jlk;u 71-34 98-66 79-54
çR;{k ewY;kadu lk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls PLO dh çkfIr dk vkdyu%
çR;sd fo”k; ds lkeus n’kkZ;k x;k çfr’kr PLO 1 dh çkfIr esa ml fo”k; ds çfr’kr ;ksxnku dk çfrfuf/kRo djrk
gSA
uewuk x.kuk uhps n’kkbZ xbZ gS%
PLO 1 dh izkfIr esa ikB~;Øe dk vadksa esa ;ksxnku
*L* * M* *H* vad PLO 1 dh izkfIr esa vkSlr ikB~;Øe PLO 1 dh izkfIr esa
ikB~;Øe dk vad izfr’kr izkfIr ¼b½ ikB~;Øe dk vadksa esa
esa ;ksxnku ¼a½ ;ksxnku
¼axb½@100
AS 0 0 6 54 3-48 79-54 2-77*
* 2-77 vçR;{k ewY;kadu lk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls PLO ds ewY;kadu esa PLO 1 dh izkfIr esa HkkSfrd jlk;u foKku ikB~;Øe dk vadh;
;ksxnku gS%
PLO 1 dh vçR;{k çkfIr% Lukrd fudkl losZ{k.k fd;k x;k FkkA
PLO 1 dh vçR;{k çkfIr
PLO 1%
iwNs x, iz’u *izkIr gq, mÙkj larqf”V ds izkfIr dk

vad izfr’kr
vki fdrus csgrj <ax ls is’ksoj dfj;j fodkl ds fy, 52 50 96-15
HkkSfrd jlk;u foKku ds Kku dks ykxw dj ldrs gSa
* ç’u la’kksf/kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA çfrfØ;k nsus okys Nk=ksa dh la[;k
larqf”V ds vad% 10 ds iSekus ij 5-5 ls vf/kd vad dh çfrfØ;k çnku djus okys Nk=ksa dh la[;kA
A- 10 ls 8-5 B- 8-4 ls 7-0 C- 6-9 ls 5-5 D- 5-4 ls 4-0 E- 3-9 ls 0
PLO 1 ds ewY;kadu ds çR;{k vkSj vçR;{k rjhdksa ds vk/kkj ij] çR;sd PLO 1dh vafre çkfIr ds laca/k esa fu.kZ;
fy;k x;k gSA
fuEufyf[kr rkfydk PLO 1 dh vafre çkfIr dks n’kkZrs gSaA
vafre çkfIr ¼izfr’kr½ ¾ 70 izfr’kr çR;{k çkfIr $ 30 izfr’kr vçR;{k çkfIr
vafre ih,yvks 1 dh çkfIr
ih,yvks çR;{k çkfIr ¼D½ vçR;{k çkfIr ¼I½ vafre izkfIr ¼0-7 D$0-3 I½
1 70-81 96-15 78-41
blh çdkj] lHkh PLO çkfIr dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj xiii

ifjf'k"V 2
uksV%
¼1½ ;gka mfYyf[kr lHkh PEO@PLO@CLO@GA] foKku ladk; esa LukrdiwoZ dk;ZØeksa ds fy, gSaA blh
çdkj] dyk] okf.kT; vkSj LukrdksÙkj dk;ZØeksa tSls vU; dk;ZØeksa ds fy, PEOs@PLO@CLO@GA fy[k
ldrs gSaA
¼2½ uewuk x.kuk esa n’kkZ;k x;k çR;{k ewY;kadu fo’ofo|ky; ijh{kkvksa vkSj vkarfjd ewY;kadu esa mä ikBîØe esa
çkIr dqy vadksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA blds vykok] çR;{k ewY;kadu esa Hkh fo’ofo|ky; ds vadksa esa ç’uokj
vadksa dk mi;ksx djds vkSj lh,yvks ds lkFk ç’uksa dh eSfiax }kjk lq/kkj laHko gSA
ifjf'k"V&2
2-6 okf.kT; Lukrd@dyk Lukrd ¼vFkZ’kkL=½@ foKku Lukrd ¼jlk;u ‘kkL=½ ds fy,
lq>k, x, dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke] l{kerk vkSj lac) fu”iknu lwpd ¼rkfydk
funsZ’kkRed gS½
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½ 1 % okf.kT; dk Kku% ys[kk] foRr] djk/kku vkSj O;olk; ds fl)kar dh tkudkjh
vkSj vuqiz;ksx dk Kku rFkk tfVy O;olk; fLFkfr vkSj leL;kvksa dh vo/kkj.kk
l{kerk lwpd
1-1 Okkf.kT; Lukrd& ys[kk i)fr esa l{kerk 1-1-1 tuZy] [kkrk&cgh] rqyui=] udn cgh vkfn dks rS;kj djus gsrq Yks[kk dk
dk izn’kZu djsa cks/k vkSj vuqiz;ksxA
1-1-2 QeksZ dk vafre ys[kk rS;kj djus gsrq Kku dk mi;ksx djsaA
1-1-3 ys[kkdj.k iz;kstu gsrq voewY;u dh fofo/k fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
Ekk=kRed foRrh; ys[kkdu leL;kvksa ds lek/kku gsrq lax.kuk rduhd dk
iz;ksx djsaA
1-1 dyk Lukrd ¼vFkZ’kkL=½& 1-1-1 Ekakx vkSj vkiwfrZ dh ladYiuk dks le>uk vkSj mldk iz;ksx djuk( vkSj
O;f”V vFkZ’kkL= vkSj bldh iz.kkyh esa cktkj <+kaps ds dk;Zdj.k dks le>uk vkSj mldk iz;ksx djuk(
l{kerk dk izn’kZu djsa
1-1-2 QeZ ds ykHk dks vf/kdre cukus ds fy, QeZ dh vkxrksa] ewY; fu/kkZj.k
laca/kh tkudkjh dk iz;ksx djuk
1-1 foKku Lukrd ¼jlk;u ‘kkL=½ 1-1-1 jlk;u ds {ks= esa jlk;fud vkca/k] rkixfrdh vkSj ijek.kq lajpuk dh
jlk;u ‘kkL= dh ewyHkwr ladYiuk esa tkudkjh dk iz;ksx djukA
l{kerk dk izn’kZu djuk
1-1-2 vfHkfØ;k laca/kh iz;ksxksa dk O;kogkfjd izn’kZu djuk vkSj iz;ksx djuk rFkk
ifj.kkeh ekSfyd fl)kar dh igpku djukA
1-2 Okkf.kT; Lukrd&foRrh; izca/ku ladYiuk 1-2-1 O;olk; esa foRrh; ys[kkadu ekudksa dh tkudkjh dk iz;ksx djukA
esa l{kerk dk izn’kZu
1-2-2 O;olk; QeZ esa iwath cTkV] iwath dh ykxr] udnh dk izokg vkfn dh
tkudkjh dk iz;ksxA
1-2 dyk Lukrd ¼vFkZ’kkL=½ lef”V vFkZ’kkL= 1-2-1 jk”Vªh; vk; ys[kkadu esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] vk;] O;; dh tkudkjh dk
dh ladYiuk dh vPNh tkudkjh j[kuk iz;ksx djsaA
1-2-2 ekSfnzd uhfr ds izHkko dk fo’ys”k.k djus vkSj cks/k djus ds fy, /ku dh
vkiwfrZ vkSj eqnzkLQhfr dh tkudkjh dk iz;ksx djsaA
1-2 foKku Lukrd ¼jlk;u ‘kkL=½ 1-2-1 bu fo/kkvksa esa la[;kRed rduhd] lehdj.k] dSYdqyl vkSj f=dks.kferh dk
jlk;u ‘kkL= ls lacaf/kr lac) fo”k;ksa iz;ksx djsaA
dk Kku gks
1-2-2 jlk;u ‘kkL= ds rRo] fo|qr vkSj pqEcdRo dh ladYiuk dh le>sa vkSj
tkudkjh dk izn’kZu djsaA
1-3 Okkf.kT; Lukrd & djk/ku uhfr;ksa vkSj 1-3-1 dkjiksjsV djk/ku vkSj O;fDr fo’ks”k djk/kku ds iz;kstu gsrq djk/kku iz.kkyh
iz.kkyh esa l{kerk dk izn’kZu djsa dh tkudkjh dk iz;ksx djsaA
xiv mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ifjf'k"V 2
l{kerk lwpd
1-3 dyk Lukrd ¼vFkZ’kkL=½ 1-3-1 vFkZ’kkL= ds {ks= esa foHksnh lehdj.k] T;kferh vkSj jSf[kd chtxf.kr dh
vFkZ’kkL= ds fy, xf.krh; vkSj ladYiuk dk cks/k vkSj iz;ksxA
lkaf[;dh ekWMy ds vuqiz;ksx esas 1-3-2 vFkZ’kkL= ds {ks= esa izkf;drk] pj] uewuksa vkSj lkaf[;dh lk/kuksa dh fofHkUu
;ksX;rk dk izn’kZu ladYiukvksa dk iz;ksxA
1-3 foKku Lukrd ¼jlk;u ‘kkL=½& dkcZfud v.kqvksa dh lajpukRed igpku ds fy, LisDVªksfid rduhd dk iz;ksx
fo’ys”k.kkRed vkSj dkcZfud jlk;u vkSj jlk;fud fo’ys”k.k ds fy, LisDVªksQksVksesfVªd rduhd dk iz;ksxA
foKku esa l{kerk dk izn’kZu ‘kks/ku vkSj i`FkDdj.k rduhd dh tkudkjh ds lkFk ijh{k.k djukA
1-4 Okkf.kT; Lukrd&O;olk; izca/ku 1-4-1 O;olk; dh ;kstuk cukuk] vk;kstu djuk rFkk leUo; djuk vkSj mldh
ladYiuk esa l{kerkvksa dk izn’kZu leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, fu.kZ; ysukA
1-4-2 QeksZ esa O;olk; laca/kh fØ;kdyki djus ds fy, oSKkfud izca/ku ds
fl)kar dk iz;ksx djuk A
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½ 2% fo’ys”k.kkRed dkS’ky% ys[kk vkSj foRr ds fl)karksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, leL;kvksa dh igpku]
fo’ys”k.k vkSj fu”d”kZ ij igqapuk
l{kerk lwpd
2-1 QeksaZ ds fy, ys[kk vkSj foRr dh 2-1-1 LkeL;k laca/kh fooj.k dk mYys[k djuk vkSj mn~ns’;ksa dh igpku djukA
leL;kvkas dh igpku djus ds dkS’kYk 2-1-2 leL;k ds lek/kku ds iz;kl esa mi;qDr ladYiuk vkSj izz.kkfy;ksa dh igpku
dk izn’kZu djukA
2-2 Ikz.kkyh vkSj ladYiuk dks rS;kj djuk] 2-2-1 fo|eku vis{kk@ leL;k ds fy, mi;qDr izfØ;k cukus gsrq fl)karksa vkSj
fo’ys”k.k vkSj foospu ds dkS’kYk dk iz;ksT; vo/kkj.kk dk la;kstuA
izn’kZu 2-2-2 dk;Z@iz.kkyh esa ifjorZu dh igpku rFkk fo|eku izfØ;kvksa vkSj iz.kkfy;ksa ds
fy, fodYi nsus ds iz;kl esa dk;Z djukA
2-3 Ikfj.kkeksa dk fo’ys”k.k djus] fLFkfr dk 2-3-1 fo|eku mi;qDr fl)kkarksa dk iz;ksx djds ifj.kke nsuk vkSj mls
leFkZu djus vkSj fu”d”kZ ij igqapus dh fof/kekU;dj.k djukA
dkS’ky dk izn’kZu 2-3-2 IkzfØ;k esa =qfV ds lzksr dh igpku djukA
2-3-3 fu”d”kZ rS;kj djuk tks vPNh cks/k ds lkFk fo’ys”k.k djus ds laxr gks rkfd
fu”d”kZ dk leFkZu fd;k tk ldsA
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½ 3% leh{kkRed fparu dkS’ky % vkykspukRed ewY;kadu( jPkukRed dk;Z djuk vkSj Kku vftZr
djuk rkfd tfVy leL;kvksa dk lek/kku fd;k tk lds
l{kerk lwpd
3-1 {ks= esa lwpuk izkIr djuk vkSj izfØ;k 3-1-1 Lakca/kksa dh lqO;ofLFkr iz.kkyh ds :i esa ladYiuk dks rS;kj djuk
djus ds dkS’ky dk izn’kZu 3-1-2 ladYiukvksa vkSj fopkjksa dh Li”V cks/k rkfd rkfdZd n`f”Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk
ldsA
3-2 fofHkUu izdkj ds fopkjksa dks le>us dh 3-2-1 Ckgq&izklafxd erksa ij fopkj djus ds fy, cgq vk;keh fopkj izfØ;k dk
;ksX;rk dk izn’kZu] leL;kvksa dks Li”V fodkl] mn~ns’; fuf’pr djuk vkSj y{; tks Li”V] okLrfod vkSj rdZlaxr
djuk RkFkk lek/kku djuk gksA
3-2-2 fopkjk/khu ekeyk@ fLFkfr dk Li”V cks/k gksuk
3-2-3 Ckks/k laca/kh eqn~nksa vkSj rF;ksa dh O;kid Lke> cukuk
3-2-4
3-3 Uk;s ifjn`’; esa fopkjkas dk cnyuk] 3-3-1 Ikfjn`’; ds vaanj vuqeku] fu.k;Z] fLFkfr;ksa dk ewY;kadu djuk
ekU;rkvksa dh tkap] rF;ksa dk ewY;kadu 3-3-2
vkSj izHkko rFkk ifj.kke dk irk yxkus 3-3-3 bldh tfVyrkvksa ds vUos”k.k rFkk fopkj.k ds ek/;e ls Li”V cks/k ds lkFk
ds dkS’ky dk izn’kZu RkF;ksa ij iz’u mBkuk
3-3-4 ekU;rkvksa esa fOkHksn djuk tks] U;k;ksfpr gSa vkSj tks U;k;ksfpr ugha gaSA
3-3-5 vPNs ewY;kadu ds lkFk vkSj ck/kkvksa ds jgrs rkfdZd <ax ls ifj.kke ij
igaqpuk
3-3-6 vius fopkjksa vkSj jk; ds izHkko vkSj blds ifj.kke dh Li”V le> gks
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj xv

ifjf'k"V 2
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½ 4 % jkstxkjijd dkS’ky% Kku] dkS’ky vkSj ;ksX;rk j[kuk rkfd jkstxkj dh
laHkkouk lkdkj gks lds vFkok m|ksx dh vko’;drk,a iw.kZ gks ldsa
;ksX;rk lwpd
4-1 vPNh laokn {kerk gksuk rFkk ny ds 4-1-1 izHkkoh laokn dkS’ky dk izn’kZu
lkFk dk;Z djus ds dkS’ky dk izn’kZu
4-1-2 var%O;SfDrd dkS’ky gksuk vkSj ny@ lewg esa izHkkoh :Ik ls dk;Z djuk
4-1-3 ny esa fofo/krk ds eku dh iz’kalk djuk
4-1-4 fookn lek/kku dh ;ksX;rk dk izn’kZu
4-2 vuqdwyu dkS’ky dk izn’kZu vkSj mldh 4-2-1 fLFkfr;ksa vkSj tfVyrkvksa ds izfr ldkjkRed n`f”Vdks.k viukuk
;ksX;rk rFkk ldkjkRed n`f”Vdks.k
4-2-2 Lke>uk vkSj funsZ’k ysuk rFkk dfBukb;ksa esa la;e cuk, j[kuk
j[kuk
4-2-3 dk;Z ds ifj.kkeksa dh ftEesnkjh ogu djuk
4-3 m|ksx dh vko’;drkvksa ds vuq:i 4-3-1 Xkgjh le> vkSj varZn`f”V ds lkFk lwpuk vkSj ladYiuk dh izLrqfr
lek/kku djus dh ;ksX;rk dk izn’kZu
4-3-2 v/;;u ds {ks= esa Kku gksuk
4-3-3 ukSdjh ls lacaf/kr vis{kkvksa dks v|ru fd;k gS
4-3-4 dkjksckjh ekgkSy vkSj izj.kkfy;ksa dh le> gS
4-3-5 O;kolkf;d ifjos’k vkSj iz.kkyh dh le> gksuk
4-3-6 m|ksx dh vko’;drkvksa dk la’ys”k.k djuk rFkk ewY;kadu ds mi;qDr ekud
dh igpku djds lek/kku nsuk
4-3-7 miØe laca/kh vkSj ijke’kZ laca/kh dkS’ky ;qDr gksuk
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½ 5% vkpkj uhfr% uSfrd fl)karksa dk vuqiz;ksx rFkk O;kolkf;d uhfr vkSj dk;Ziz.kkyh ds ekud
ds izfr leiZ.k
5-1 uSfrd lafgrk vSj dk;Ziz.kkyh dh le> 5-1-1 dk;Ziz.kkyh ds lapkyu dh uSfrd lafgrk vkSj vis{kkvksa dh igpku
dh ;ksX;rk dk izn’kZu
5-2 uSfrd fl)kar ds iz;ksx dk izn’kZu vkSj 5-2-1 uSfrd fl)karksa dh tkap djuk vkSj dk;ksZ esa iz;ksx djuk
;ksX;rk
5-2-2 vuSfrd O;olkf;d vkpj.k dh igpku djuk rFkk fodYi lq>kuk
dk;ZØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke ¼PLOs½ 6 % thoui;ZUr KkuvtZu% vko’;drkvksa dh igpku djuk rFkk cnyrh ifjfLFkfr esa thoui;ZUr
lh[kus esa yxs jguk
6-1 ubZ lwpuk ds lzksr dk irk yxkus vkSj 6-1-1 fu;fer vk/kkj ij ubZ lwpuk dk lzksr
bl rd igqap dh ;ksX;rk dk izn’kZu 6-1-2 O;ogk;Z mikxe ls lzksr lwpuk dk fo’ys”k.k
6-2 {ks= esa v|ru fodkl ls voxr gksus 6-2-1 orZeku ifjikVh esa ubZ fodkl ds izHkko dh vko’;drk vkSj egRrk dh
dk izn’kZu vkSj ;ksX;rk igpku djuk
6-2-2 ifj;kstuk dk;Z vkSj fufnZ”V dk;Z esa uohure fodkl dk iz;ksx djuk
6-3 Kku esa deh dk irk yxkus dh ;ksX;rk 6-3-1 deh dh igpku djuk vkSj deh dks nwj djus ds fy, izklafxd lwpuk
dk izn’kZu vkSj bl deh dks ikVuk [kkstuk
6-3-2 Lkwpuk dk fo’ys”k.k vkSj la’ys”k.k tks laHkor% deh dks nwj djs
xvi mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ifjf'k"V 2
ikB~¸kØe KkuvtZu ifj.kke

foKku Lukrd ¼jlk;u foKku½ dk;ZØe ds ikB~¸kØeksa ls lacaf/kr ikB~¸kØe KkuvtZu ifj.kkeksa dk ,d mnkgj.k
uhps miyC/k djk;k x;k gS%
HkkSfrd jlk;u foKku vkSj vdkcZfud jlk;u foKku– I
• jklk;fud xfrt vkSj blds dk;Z{ks= dh vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k djsa
• HkkSfrd jlk;u ds fo’ys”k.kkRed vkSj O;kogkfjd dk;ks± esa ykxw izfØ;kvksa vkSj midj.kh; i)fr;ksa esa dkS’ky
dk fodklA
• leÖkk,a dh izfrfØ;k dh njksa dks dSls ekik tkrk gS
• jlk;u foKku ds {ks= esa la[;kRed leL;kvksa dks gy djus esa y?kqx.kd ds fu;e ykxw djsa
• /kkrqdehZ; izpkyuksa esa laforj.k laca/kh fu;eksa ds vuqiz;ksx dks leÖksa
• dkcZfud jlk;u foKku ds ekSfyd fl)karksa ds ckjs esa tkus rFkk Lej.k djsa ftlesa *eksy* dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj
*LVkWbZfp;ksehVªh* 'kkfey gS
• lkaærk] cy] lkekU; voLFkk vkfn dks O;ä djus ds rjhdksa dh xgjh leÖk izkIr djsa
• vEy vkSj {kkj ds ekud ?kksy rS;kj djsa vkSj vEy vkSj {kkj ds chp izfrfØ;k dh iwokZuqeku yxk,a
• vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vipk;d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk v.kqvksa] ijek.kqvksa rFkk vk;uksa dh
vkWDlhdj.k la[;k esa blds ifjorZuksa dh foLrkj ls O;k[;k dhft,
dkcZfud jlk;u foKku
• dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dh lajpuk, ukekoyh vkSj vuqiz;ksx dks tkuus vkSj leÖkus ds fy,
• baMfDVo] jstksusal] gkW;ij dkUtqxsfVo rFkk LVsfVjd izHkkoksa ds ek/;e ls nqcZy vEy vkSj izcy vEy rFkk
{kkj dh igpku djsa
• fofHkUUk izdkj ds vfHkfØ;dksa vFkkZr~ bysDVªksQkby] U;wfDy;ksQkby vkfn dks igpkusa
• ,Ydkusl] ,sYdhu] ,sfYdygSykbM vkfn vkSj muds ;kSfxd ls lacaf/kr jlk;u foKku dk mYys[k vkSj o.kZu
djuk, mUgsa fo'ys"k.k vkSj la'ys"k.k esa ykxw djuk vkSj izfrfØ;k ra= dks leÖkuk
• izfrfØ;k dh cqfu;knh leÖk dk mi;ksx djds dqN ljy dkcZfud izfrfØ;kvksa ds ifj.kke vkSj ra= dk
iwokZuqeku djuk
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj xvii

xviii
ifjf’k”V&3
izR;{k ewY;kadu ds Lo:i vkSj vfHky{k.kxr fo’ks”krkvksa esa mudh eSfiaax
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Js.kh iz’uksa dk Lo:i ewY;kafdr fo’ks”krk,a
nsuk
ewY;
ik=rk
dkS’ky
usr`Ro xq.k
vuq’kklfud
oSKkfud rdZ
laizs{k.k dkS’ky
fparu’khy rdZ
vuqla/kku laca/kh
fMftVy lk{kjrk
fo’ys”.kkRed rdZ
uokpkj dks c<+kok
thou Ik;ZUr f’k{kk
Lo&funsZf’kr f’k{kk
vkykspukRed lksp
cgqlkaLd`frd {kerk
lg;ksxh@Vhe dk;Z
leL;k dk lek/kku
uSfrdrk vkSj uSfrd
nSfud x`g fufnZ”V dk;Z jpukRed ,elhD;w@fjDr LFkku Hkjsa@ y?kq iz’u
✓
✓ ✓ ✓
lkIrkfgd x`g fufnZ”V dk;Z jpukRed ifj;kstuk vk/kkfjr ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

✓
O;k[;ku dh d{kk laca/kh ;ksxkRed ,elhD;w] y?kq iz’u ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

x`g dk;Z dh lekfIr
lgt pqukSfr tkap jpukRed fjDr LFkku Hkjsa] lgh& xyr] ,elhD;w]
esy&feyki ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ljizkbt fDot jpukRed fjDr LFkku Hkjsa] lgh& xyr] ,elhD;w]

esy&feyki ✓
jSfiM QkW;j fDot jpukRed ,d ds ckn ,d ekSf[kd iz’u ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Js.kh iz’uksa dk Lo:i ewY;kafdr fo’ks”krk,a nsuk
ewY;
ik=rk
dkS’ky
usr`Ro xq.k
vuq’kklfud
oSKkfud rdZ
laizs{k.k dkS’ky
fparu’khy rdZ
vuqla/kku laca/kh
fMftVy lk{kjrk
fo’ys”.kkRed rdZ
uokpkj dks c<+kok
vkykspukRed lksp
cgqlkaLd`frd {kerk
lg;ksxh@Vhe dk;Z
leL;k dk lek/kku
uSfrdrk vkSj uSfrd
rhljh frekgh iz’uksÙkjh jpukRed fjDr LFkkuksa esa Hkjsa, lgh
xyr] ,elhD;w] feyku ✓ ✓
leL;k/ ekeyk vk/kkfjr jpukRed / fl)karksa dk vuqiz;ksx

ifjn`’; ;ksxkRed ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
,d feuV dh ijh{kk ¼d{kk jpukRed d{kk ds nkSjku lh[ks x,

dk lkj ½ fl)karksa ij ,d y?kq ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
iSjkxzkQ fy[ksa
jpukRed bl laca/k esa ,d fVIi.k
dh lh[ks x, fl)kar
vkosnu ys[k
dks okLrfod fo’o dh
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
leL;kvksa ij fdl izdkj
ykxw fd;k tk,
e/;kof/k fyf[kr ijh{kk jpukRed fefJr NksVs vkSj yacs ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
mÙkj
vof/k ds var esa fyf[kr ;ksxkRed fefJr NksVs vkSj yacs ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ijh{kk mÙkj
iw.kZ vof/k dh ifj;kstuk ;ksxkRed okLrfod fo’o] LFkkuh; ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
leL;k,a
laxksf”B vkSj lewg ppkZ ;ksxkRed ‘kks/k mUeq[kh v/;;u ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
xix
ifjf'k"V 3
xx
ifjf’k”V& 3
ifjf'k"V 3
ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Js.kh iz’uksa dk Lo:i ewY;kafdr fo’ks”krk,a

nsuk
ewY;
ik=rk
dkS’ky
usr`Ro xq.k
vuq’kklfud
oSKkfud rdZ
laizs{k.k dkS’ky
fparu’khy rdZ
vuqla/kku laca/kh
fo’ys”kkRed rdZ
fMftVy lk{kjrk
uokpkj dks c<+kok
vkykspukRed lksp
cgqlkaLd`frd {kerk
lg;ksxh@Vhe dk;Z
leL;k dk lek/kku
uSfrdrk vkSj uSfrd
Lo v/;;u ;ksxkRed ‘kks/k mUeq[kh
ekSf[kd ijh{kk@tckuh yh jpukRed@ ekSf[kd iz’uksÙkjh
tkus okyh ijh{kk ;ksxkRed ✓ ✓
fuca/k ;ksxkRed fooj.kkRed ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
iksLVj ;ksxkRed ‘kks/k izLrqfrdj.k ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
xq.k&nks”k fxzM jpukRed xq.k vkSj nks”k fodkl ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ladYIkuk fp= jpukRed ladYIkuk dh igpku ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
leh{kk vkSj fVIi.kh ys[ku ;ksxkRed ‘kks/k mUeq[kh izLrqfrdj.k ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
led{k ewY;kadu jpukRed@ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

;ksxkRed
y?kq vof/k m|ksx ;ksxkRed m|ksx laca/kh leL;k ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
iw.kZdkfyd m|ksx ;ksxkRed m|ksx laca/kh leL;k ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
iz;ksx’kkyk fufnZ”V dk;Z jpukRed fo”k;oLrq ls lacaf/kr ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
LukrdiwoZ ‘kks/k jpukRed o”kZ Hkj fd;k tkus okyk ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

‘kks/k

vkHkkjksfDr
izks0 ,e0 ,e0 lkyqU[ks] dqyifr] Hkkjrh fo|kihB ¼le fo'ofo|ky;½] iq.ks dh v/;{krk esa fuEuor lnL;ksa&izks0 oh0
ds0 tSu] dqyifr] rstiqj fo'ofo|ky;] rstiqj] vle ( izks0 QqdkZu dej] egklfpo] Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; la?k]
ubZ fnYyh( izks0 tliky flag la/kq] dqyifr] xq: ukudnso fo'ofo|ky;] ve`rlj( izks0 rkuds'oj dqekj] dqyifr]
xq: tEcs'oj foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh fo'ofo|ky;] fglkj( MkW0 izse dqekj dkyjk] funs'kd] n;kyckx f'k{k.k laLFkku]
vkxjk( izks0 ds0 fcLokl] 'kSf{kd izca/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh foHkkx] ,uvkbZbZih,] ubZ fnYyh( MkW0 ds0 ih0 mik/;k;] iwoZ
ijh{kk fu;a=d] cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klh( MkW0 'kf'k fu>kou] izkpk;Z] f'kokth egkfo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh
vkSj MkW0 js.kq cÙkjk] vij lfpo] fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx ¼leUo;d½ dh fo’ks”kK lfefr dh lgk;rk ls Hkkjr
ds mPp f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj&vuq'kalk,a rS;kj dh xbZ gSA Jherh es?kk dkSf'kd] f'k{kk vf/kdkjh]fo'o
fo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx us lfefr dh lgk;rk dhA
fo'o fo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx bl nLrkost dks rS;kj djus esa lfefr }kjk fd, x, ç;klksa ds fy, vkHkkj O;Dr
djrk gSvkSj bldh ljkguk djrk gSA
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj xxi

fVIif.k;k¡
QUality mandate
Objectives All Higher Education Institutions
shall strive by 2022 to:
Improve the graduate outcomes
improve the graduate outcomes for the students
Promote student linkages with to ensure that they get access to employment/self-
society and industry employment or engage themselves in pursuit of
Train students in professional &
higher education.
soft skills
promote linkage of students with the society
Teacher Vacancy not to exceed 10 and industry to ensure that at least 2/3rd of the
% of sanctioned strength students engage in socially productive activities
and get industry exposure during their period of
All HEIs to obtain minimum NAAC study in the institutions.
score of 2.5 by 2022
train the students in essential professional and life
Initiatives to be undertaken by HEIs skills such as team work, communication skills,
leadership skills, time management skills etc;
1. Student Centric Initiations including Induction inculcate human value sand professional ethics,
Programme for students - Deeksharambh. and the spirit of innovation/ entrepreneurship and
critical thinking among the students and promote
2. Learning Outcome based Curriculum Framework avenues for display of these talents.
(LOCF)- revision of curriculum at regular intervals.
ensure that vacancies of teaching posts at
3. Use of ICT based learning tools for effective any point of time do not exceed 10% of the
teaching-learning process including MOOCs and sanctioned strength; and 100% of the teachers
online degrees.
are oriented about the latest and emerging trends
4. Imparting Life Skills (Jeevan Kaushal) to students. including ICT in their respective domains of
knowledge, and the pedagogies that disseminate
5. Social and Industry connect for every institution: their knowledge to the students.
Every institution shall adopt at least 5 villages for
exchange of knowledge and for the overall social/ every institution shall get NAAC accreditation
economic betterment of the village communities. with a minimum score of 2.5 by 2022.
University-Industry linkages to be promoted to
improve employability.
Initiatives to be taken by HEIs
6. Evaluation Reforms-test the concept, and
application Social and Industry
ICT based Tools connect
7. Student Career Progression and Alumni Network. Online Learning Regular Curriculum
Mentoring of Revision (LOCF)
8. Faculty Induction Programme (FIP), Annual non-accredited
Refresher Programme in Teaching (ARPIT) and Instititions Deeksharambh-
Leadership Training for Educational Administrators (PARAMARSH) Student Induction
Programme
(LEAP). Quality research
by Faculty (CARE Life Skills for
9. Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research for India’s STRIDE) Students (Jeevvan
Developing Economy (STRIDE) and Consortium Kaushall)
for Academic & Research Ethics (CARE). Faculty Induction
Programme (FIP) Evaluation Reforms
10. Mentoring of non-accredited institutions & ARPIT
(PARAMARSH). Alumini Network
fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx

xq.koÙkk vfèkns’k
mís'; mPprj f'k{kk laLFkku ¼HEIs½ xq.koÙkk lq/kkj gsrq
fuEufyf[kr mís';ksa dks 2022 rd izkIr djus
Nk=ksa ds fy, Lukrd ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kkj dk iz;kl djsaxs
Nk=ksa dk lekt @ m|ksx oxZ ds lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, Lukrd ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kkj] ftlls dh muesa ls
lkeatL; de ls de 50 çfr'kr fo|kFkhZ vius fy, jkstxkj@ Lo&jkstxkj
Nk=ksa dks vko’;d O;kolkf;d vkSj O;ogkj lqjf{kr dj ldsa] ;k mPp f'k{kk çkIr djus ds fy, tk,¡A
dkS’ky
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk lekt@m|ksx oxZ ds lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir djuk
;g lqfuf’pr djuk fd f’k{kd fjfä;k¡ ftlls fd de ls de nks&frgkbZ Nk=] laLFkkuksa esa vius v/;;u
Lohd`r {kerk ls 10% ls vfèkd u gksa
ds nkSjku] lkekftd xfrfof/k;ksa es Hkkxhnkjh dj ldsaA
o"kZ 2022 rd] izR;sd laLFkku dks U;wure
2-5 dk NAAC Ldksj vftZr djuk g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vko';d O;kolkf;d vkSj O;ogkj dkS'ky dk
çf'k{k.k iznku dju tSls lkewfgd dk;Z] lEçs"k.k dkS'ky] usr`Ro
mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa }kjk fuEufyf[kr igy dh tkuh gSa %& dkS'ky] le;&çca/ku dkS'ky vkfn es ikjaxr djuk] ekuoh;
ewY;ksa ,oa O;olk;xr uhfr;ksa dk lapkj djuk] uoçorZu @
1- fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, vkjafHkd izsj.k dk;ZØe&nh{kkjaHkA m)e'khyrk rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa es lekykspukRed fparu dh Hkkouk
2- v/;;u& fu"d"kZ vk/kkfjr ikBîØe jpuk&fu;fer varjky ij dks tkxzr djuk rFkk bu çfrHkkvksa ds çn'kZu ds fy, volj
ikBîØe esa ifj'kks/ku ¼loCf½A çnku djukA
3- çHkkoh f'k{k.k&vf/kxe çfØ;k gsrq lwpuk ,oa lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ;g lqfuf'pr djuk dh f'k{kd fjfä;ksa esa fdlh Hkh le; ij]
dk ç;ksx djuk &MooC] vkSj vkWuykbu mikf/k;k¡A Lohd`r {kerk ds 10 çfr'kr ls vf/kd dh o`f) ugha gks rFkk
'kr&çfr'kr f'k{kd vius lacfU/kr Kku {ks= esa uohure ,oa
4- fo|kfFkZ;ksas gsrq O;kogkfjd dkS'ky&thou dkS'ky mHkjrh tkudfj;ksa ,oa f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa dk Kku j[krs gksa] ftlls
5- çR;sd laLFkku gsrq lekftd ,oa m|ksx oxZ ls laidZ] çR;sd oks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks çHkko'kkyh rjhds ls fo"k; dks le>k ldsaA
laLFkku] Kku ds ijLij vknku&çnku rFkk xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa o"kZ 2022 rd] çR;sd laLFkku] U;wure 2-5 çkIrkadksa
dh lexz lkekftd@vkfFkZd leqUufr gsrq de ls de 5 xkoksa lfgr jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu ,oa çR;k;u ifj"kn ¼NAAC½ }kjk
dk vfHkxzg.k djsxkA fu;kstu ;ksx;rk eas lq/kkj djus ds fy, çekf.kr gksA
fo'ofo|ky;&m|ksx ds chp laidZ dks c<+kok nsukA
mPprj 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa }kjk dh tkus okyh igy
6- ijh{kk ç.kkyh esa lq/kkj&ifjdYiuk dh tkap ,oa vuqç;ksxA
lwpuk ,oa lapkj lekt ,oa m|ksx
7- ikBîØe ds iwjk gksus ds i'pkr] fo|kfFkZ çxfr dh tkudkjh izkS|ksfxdh vkèkkfjr f'k{k.k oxZ ls laidZ fu;fer varjky ij
j[kuk o iwoZ Nk= usVodZA ;a=&vkWuykbZu KkuvtZu ikB;Øe esa ifj'kks/ku
xSj izR;kf;r ¼LOCF½
8- ladk; izsj.kk dk;ZØe ¼fIP½ f'k{k.k esa okf"kZd iqUk'p;kZ laLFkkuksa dks ijke'kZ
dk;ZØe ¼ARPIT½ rFkk f'k{kk iz'kkldksa ds fy, usr`Ro nh{kkjaHk&fo|kFkhZ izsj.kk
nsuk ¼ijke'kZ½ dk;ZØe
izf'k{k.k ¼lEAP½A
ladk; }kjk
xq.koÙkk iw.kZ 'kks/k fo|kFkhZ;ksa ds fy,
9- Hkkjr dh fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, ijk&fo|k laca/kh
¼CARE, STRIDE½ ^thou dkS'ky*
vuqla/kku ;kstuk ¼STRIDE½ vkSj dUlksZfV;e QkWj ,dsMsfed
,aM fjlpZ ,fFkDl ¼CARE½ ladk; izsj.kk dk;ZØe ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj
¼FIP½ vkSj ifjdYiuk
10- xSj izR;kf;r laLFkkuksa dks ekxZn'kZu miyC/k djkuk ¼ijke'kZ½ ¼ARPIT½ iwoZ&fo|kFkhZ usVodZ

Evaluation Reforms Hindi

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University Grants Commission

fo’ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx

Stride Guidelines.indd 1 08-07-2019 21:04:53

2 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

¼çksŒ /khjsUæ iky flag½

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 3

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 5

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 7

8 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 9

10 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 11

12 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 13

14 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

  )

 !"#$%&$'($)"*# ''"+)&,            - 

fp= 1 % mPprj f’k{kk uhfr iz.kkyh gsrq vkbZ,l,e

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 15

16 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

d- 'kSf{kd mís’; [k- uSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed ewY;

1-2 fu”d”kZ vk/kkfjr f’k{kk dk KkuvtZu vkSj ewY;kadu

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 17

dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ  

dks laLFkku ds fe'ku }kjk 

18 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

fp=& 4% dk;ZØe f'k{kk mís'; dks nh tkus okyh laxBukRed tkudkjh



  

fp=& 5% l{kerk vkSj blds lwpdksa ds dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh *VªslsfcfyVh*

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 19

fp= & 6% ,yvkschbZ ds fy, iz.kkyhxr vfHk;kaf=dh izfØ;k izfreku

20 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 21

1-2-6 ewY;kadu dk lkef;dhdj.k

fp=&7 % ewY;kadu dh lrrrk

22 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 23

fyf[kr i)fr ekSf[kd i)fr O;kogkfjd i)fr lesfdr i)fr

ewY;kadu ds izdkj d{kk fufnZ"V ijh{kk,a

24 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ewY;kadu ds izdkj d{kk fufnZ"V ijh{kk,a

ewY;kadu ds izdkj *vksiu uksV~l ,Xtke*@ ijh{kk,a@ lh,

ewY;kadu ds izdkj Lo&ijh{kk ¼vkWuykbu vFkok ikjaifjd½

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 25

ewY;kadu dk vkys[k@fuca/k ys[ku

ewY;kadu dk izdkj O;k[;kRed xzaFk lwph

26 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ewY;kadu dk izdkj fjiksVZ

ewY;kadu dk izdkj iksVZQksfy;ks

ewY;kadu dk izdkj 'kks/k izca/k

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 27

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i ekeyk v/;;u

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Lkewg dk;Z

28 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i Lkewg dk;Z

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i ^jSfiM QkW;j* iz'u

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i {ks= ewY;kadu

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i laxks"Bh@i= dk izLrqfrdj.k

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 29

ewY;kadu dk Lo:i laxks"Bh@i= dk izLrqfrdj.k

ewY;kadu dk izdkj iksLVj izLrqfr

30 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj

mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa ewY;kadu lq/kkj 31

)

!"#$%&$'($)"*# ''"+)&, -

dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu"d"kZ

dks laLFkku ds fe'ku }kjk

fp=& 5% l{kerk vkSj blds lwpdksa ds dk;ZØe KkuvtZu fu”d”kksZa dh VªslsfcfyVh

ewY;kadu ds izdkj vksiu uksV~l ,Xtke@ ijh{kk,a@ lh,