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SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 1. Fabaceae
 This family was earlier called Papilonoideae, a
subfamily of family Leguminosae.
 It is distributed all over the world.

Vegetative characters Petals

 Trees, shrubs, herbs; root with root nodules.

 Stem: Erect or climber. Flower
 Leaves: Alternate, pinnately compound or
simple; leaf base, pulvinate; stipulate;
LS carpel
venation reticulate.
Flowering twig Reproductive parts
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 1. Fabaceae
Floral characters

 Inflorescence: Racemose.
 Flower: Bisexual, zygomorphic. Floral
 Calyx: Sepals five, gamosepalous; diagram
imbricate aestivation.
 Corolla: Petals five, polypetalous,
papilionaceous, consisting of a posterior
standard, two lateral wings, two anterior
ones forming a keel (enclosing stamens
and pistil), vexillary aestivation.
Floral formula
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 1. Fabaceae
Floral characters

 Androecium: ten, diadelphous, anther

Floral
dithecous. diagram
 Gynoecium: ovary superior, mono
carpellary, unilocular with many ovules,
style single.
 Fruit: legume; seed: one to many, non-
endospermic.

Floral formula
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 1. Fabaceae
Economic importance

 Pulses: E.g. gram, arhar, sem, moong,

soyabean.
Sun hemp Sesbania
 Edible oil: E.g. soyabean, groundnut.
 Dye: E.g. Indigofera.
 Fibres: E.g. sun hemp.
 Fodder: E.g. Sesbania, Trifolium. Lupin Sweet pea Muliathi

 Ornamentals: E.g. lupin, sweet pea.

 Medicine: E.g. muliathi.
 SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 2. Solanaceae
 It is a large Potato family.
 It is widely distributed in tropics, subtropics and even temperate zones.
Vegetative characters
 Mostly herbs, shrubs and small trees.
 Stem: herbaceous rarely woody,
aerial; erect, cylindrical, branched,
solid or hollow, hairy or glabrous,
underground stem in potato.
 Leaves: alternate, simple, rarely
pinnately compound, exstipulate;
venation reticulate. Flowering twig
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 2. Solanaceae
Floral characters

Stamens
Flower
Floral formula LS of Flower
 Inflorescence: Solitary, axillary or cymose
as in Solanum.
 Flower: Bisexual, actinomorphic.
Flower
 Calyx: Sepals five, united, persistent,
valvate aestivation.
 Corolla: Petals five, united; valvate
aestivation. Carpel Floral diagram
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 2. Solanaceae
Floral characters

Stamens
Flower
Floral formula LS of Flower

 Androecium: Stamens five, epipetalous.

 Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous;
ovary superior, bilocular, placenta Flower
swollen with many ovules.
 Fruits: Berry or capsule.
 Seeds: Many, endospermous.
Carpel Floral diagram
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 2. Solanaceae
Economic importance

Brinjal
 Food: E.g. tomato, brinjal, potato. Tomato Potato

 Spice: E.g. chilli .

 Medicine: E.g. belladonna,
ashwagandha.
Chilli Belladona Ashwagandha
 Fumigatory: E.g. tobacco.
 Ornamentals: E.g. petunia.

Tobacco Petunia Petunia

SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 3. Lilaceae
 Lily family.
 A characteristic representative of
monocotyledonous plants.
 It is distributed worldwide.
Inflorescence Flower

Plant

Allium cepa (onion) plant Floral diagram

SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 3. Lilaceae
Vegetative characters
 Perennial herbs with underground
bulbs/corms/ rhizomes.
 Leaves mostly basal, alternate, linear,
exstipulate with parallel venation. Inflorescence Flower

Floral characters
 Inflorescence: solitary / cymose; often
umbellate clusters
 Flower: bisexual; actinomorphic Plant
 Perianth: tepal six (3+3), often united
into tube; valvate aestivation. Allium cepa (onion) plant Floral diagram
SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 3. Lilaceae
Floral characters

Inflorescence Flower
Floral formula

 Androecium: Stamen six, (3+3).

 Gynoecium: Tricarpellary, syncarpous,
ovary superior, trilocular with many
ovules; axile placentation. Plant
 Fruit: Capsule, rarely berry.
 Seed: Endospermous. Allium cepa (onion) plant Floral diagram
 SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES 3. Lilaceae
Economic importance
Asparagus

Tulip Gloriosa Aloe

 Ornamentals: E.g. tulip, Gloriosa.

 Medicine: E.g. Aloe.
 Vegetables: E.g. Asparagus.
 Colchicines: E.g. Colchicum autumnale. Colchicum
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