Programming (Beginner) #11

Beginner course of
programming
-- CNC Automatic Lathe --
Ver. 2.0
(Nov. 2006)
HANWHA TechM
Machine Tool Division (Customer satisfaction team)
6-1
이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

1. Let’s get start
This textbook made for beginner education of CNC automatic lathe of HANWHA
TechM. Our main concern is making of basic programming, and operating related facts
are minimum added for programmer. Most of user is doing together a programming and
operating, we think this textbook’s content is a little bit less because our target is for the
elementary beginner. If you want to more knowledge, please fill up through your
experience or see our middle user textbook.
Our HANWHA TechM is manufacturing and selling the machine as like below.
● 12Machines – XP12, SL12Se, SL12S, SL12H

● 16Machines – XP16, SL16Se, SL16S
● 20Machines – XD20H, XD20J
● 26Machines – SL26HPII, SL26HPIIe(, XD26H)
● 32Machines – SL32HPII, SL32HPIIe, STL32H(, XD32H)
● 35Machines – SL35HPII, SL35HPIIe, STL35H
This textbook is described based on XD20H, different parts/component according to

series are described separately. You must be confirmation to the machine specification
when you write actual program.
New terms are written large letter.
There is excise part at the end of each chapter in order to review it. Someone will be
difficult to solve it because they are first learned programs, but it is enough to solve the
excise part if you learned fully each chapter.

What’s CNC?
NC(Numeric control or its unit) is electronic device, some of logical cells and memory
cells are consisted in this device and this device will do something if you give command
by program.
When a mini-computer appears, it becomes NC that has included a mini computer.

We call this kind of NC is “Computerized NC” or “Computer NC”. And we call simply it
as CNC.
CNC machine is worked by CNC program that has to use programming language. It’s
says them with NC language.
CNC machines are consisted of CNC unit of brain, servo device as arms and legs.
Servo is descended from Greek. The mean of servo in Greek is servant. Main parts of
servo device are servomotor is controllable.
CNC machine is available solenoid valve and pneumatic cylinder with servo device.
CNC auto lathe of HANWHA is consisting of CNC with servo device and pneumatic
device.
There is many company of CNC in the world but we provide FANUC CNC and
SIEMENS CNC in our machine. This textbook describes a machine installed with
FANUC controller.
Data input or output from CNC machine can use RS232 or a memory card, direct
input by manual.
6-3

2. Main features of Machine
1) Head stock sliding machine
Head stock sliding machine is moving the main spindle to material direction (Z-axis
direction). The feature of this system is existence of a Guidebush. A guide bush guide a
material and tools touch with material at the near place of guide bush.
2) Bar feeder
This is material supplying machine. Bar feeder is sure to use with an automatic lathe.
3) Control axis number
Control axis number shows a machine capacity except rotating axis. Example, we
says as three axis machine if the axis have three as ‘X, Y, Z’ in the machine. In case of
XD20H is seven-axis machine. X1 axis and Z1, Y, C1, X2, Z2, C2 are called moving
axis. The name of each axis is refers to page 3-2.

4) Sub spindle
Most of automatic lathe has sub spindle with main spindle. The sub spindle is
independently other working during main spindle working. Cutoff is working at the main
side while the sub spindle is clamping the material. This result make good cutting face
and cut parts extract from sub chuck at next cycle process.
5) Collet chuck, Guide bush, Sub collet chuck
A main spindle and a sub spindle use chuck as name a collet chuck. Main collet
and sub collet shape is same but there are several grooves inside main collet for
clamping power up. There is use to say as guide bush at the guide bush unit. They can
divide according to material size and shape, inner diameter.
Main Collet chuck
Sun collet chuck

Guide bush
6) Milling by driven tool
Our machine available milling function and drilling that is driven tool at material
direction and cross. This function is added at the general lathe.
6-5

7) The name of major component
Below pictures are described the name of each part of machine and help to you to
understand this textbook. It has different name according to machine type.

6-7

8) Coordinate system and tool number
Following picture is coordinate system of each tool post group and each designated
tool post number to calling. Arrow mark of axis is written to “+” direction and this is
coordinate system for programming based on tool. Therefore a headstock and a
material are moved to reverse against arrow mark.

Excise
1. Which is not another name of CNC automatic lathe? ( )

(1) Swiss Turn Automatic Lathe
(2) Conventional NC Lathe
(3) Screw Machine
(4) Headstock Sliding Lathe
2. Which is right answer? ( )

(1) Guide bush is not guiding of material also clamping of material.
(2) Main spindle needs chucking unit but non need at the sub spindle.
(3) Bar feeder could be automatic working.
(4) It is big damage to the machine if watching light is non-function.
3. Which is not a fact? ( )

(1) Driven tools of machine are main spindle and sub spindle, cross-driven tool, and
back driven tool.
(2) Off-center drill is a tool to machining a clamped half machined parts at the sub
chuck.
(3) Main collet chuck has inside groove to chucking power up but there is nothing in
sub collet.
(4) Guide bush’s tension is tighter to close its screw.
4. Which is not a fact? ( )

(1) Back tools number is T24~T27, T28 is chute position for parts ejection.
(2) There is T07~T10 tool number in cross drill unit and all are rotating.
(3) There is T11~T15 in front tool post, basically all are rotating.
(4) Out diameter bite is installed in the T01~T06, cut off bite is installed in the T01
mainly.
6-9

3. Basic programming (1)
1) 2 path control
The feature of our machine has sub spindle and this means sub spindle is working by
back tool just before machined parts simultaneously and ejects while main spindle is
working. And then, the sub spindle is move to the guide bush direction for pick up the
machined parts when cut off after head1 side is working done. A Machining by sub
spindle is working separately with main spindle, so it is working by other program.
Controller is divided main spindle part and sub spindle part. We call main spindle part is
Head1 and sub spindle part is Head2.
Following picture is shown Head1 side tools.
Offer center drill belongs to Head2 side but machining target is the material of Head1.
Such kind of example attached at the appendix.
10

Such like control is two-path control. (At this point, There is used waiting code to
match each two processes and protect crash. Refer to behind examination)
2) Program structure
Program is collection of each block. The block is consisted of several words and it
means one line in the program. Each word is consisted one Alphabet with figure.
Program example)
M10 ;
G0 X40.0 Z-1.0 ;
M3 S2500 ;
G4 P100 ;
In the above example ‘;’ is EOB(END OF BLOCK) that is means end of each block
and divide with next block.
Some of figure has to decimal point but any figure never to write decimal it is
depends. The detail condition will be described as follows.
The program is processing as ‘program start → each process → end of process’.
3) The name of each axis.
Used axis in the machine is as like previous described picture. A rotating axis is
different concept as main, sub spindle. Rotating axis in the head1 and head2 side can
add C-axis. (C-axis is contour control axis and this is an option)
When indicating an axis name from inside program, the number which shows the
location of the head does not write but only one alphabet letter write. Z1-axis in the
head1 is written ‘Z’ as upper program and figure is means coordinate position. Z1-axis
in the head1 is written as 'Z’ in the program, the figure (-1.0) is coordinate position.
The axis name using in the program is X, Y, Z, C. And followed axis name is using
when related movement is expressing.
X ←→ U Y ←→ V Z ←→ W C ←→ H
6-11

4) Program origins
Program origin is the origin of coordinate system (X0, Z0, Y0) when make the
program.
X-axis: the center of material

Z-axis: End face of material except first face cutting amount.
Y-axis: Vertical centerline of material (Y-axis is using very little in the program.)
* To easy explain the concept, face cutting part is omitted in the above picture.
Origin line is hypothetical line and it is contacted with the bottom of outer bite.
In case of above picture had been cutoff state for one part finished or cut part for
good face. Above condition after cutoff is for the program start.
Remark) Dimension of X-axis direction is diameter value.
Example, if 2.0mm distance from center then X-axis position is X4.0.
12

5) Command of coordinate position. (Absolute method and incremental)
The value for tool location shows related location against material is coordinate
position and it becomes target of rapid traverse and cutting traverse. Command of
coordinate value is consisted a moving axis name with figure. There is absolute
method and incremental method when coordinate position is commanded.
Absolute method: Their axis name use as X, Y, Z, C.

Incremental method: Their related axis name use as U, V, W, H.
Following of ① and ② is each command usage. And then, G00 is rapid traverse
of axis. (‘4-1) refers to rapid traverse G00’. )
① G00 X30.0 Z20.0;

G00 X50.0 Z30.0;
G00 C90.0;
G00 C180.0;
② G00 X30.0 Z20.0;

G00 U20.0 W10.0;
G00 C90.0;
G00 H90.0;
6-13

6) Command of traverse speed(G98 & G99)
We use the metric system, so standard unit is mm.
Traverse means one or more axis move from present location to commanded
position. It has rapid and cutting traverse. Traverse in here means cutting traverse.
Traverse speed is commanded using F address. This address is corresponding with
G01 code. This code is possible to omit. If it omits, traverse speed has effective as the
previous one.
Traverse speed commanding method is as following.
① Traverse per revolution (Unit: mm/rev)

This is designated a traverse distance against one revolution of main spindle or tool
spindle. At this time use a G99 mode.
예) G99 G01 X10.0 F0.03 ;
② Traverse per minute (Unit: mm/min)

This command is moved constantly regardless a revolution spindle. At this time use a
G99 mode and never needed decimal point.
예) G98 G01 X10.0 F120 ;
G98 or G99 code declares to use F address’s value of traverse per revolution or
traverse per minute. If it's declared one time, its block or after is effective until G98 or
G99 designate again.
* Until other code declare, G98 and G99 is regarded as same group. It is continuously
effective if one time designated. We call this a MODAL code.
G98
G99 G00
G01
G02
G03
14

7) Tool calls(T code)
CNC machine is used several tools that it’s installed at the tool post. It's located at their
place to select designated tool, if it is called the tool post. The location is changed
depend on offset value. Each tool post has different position.
T△△□□
△△ : Tool number
□□ : Offset number
By above command its tool move rapidly to compensated dimension as well as offset
value. The tool number says that used tool and offset number is usd as same tool
number.
Normally tool and offset number use same as example T0202 but it is need one more
offset at the same tool then use another one.
If it is not need tool offset then use ‘00’ instead of offset number. Example, we call the
sub spindle for ‘T2100’.
Instead of geometric offset, it can compensate a tool shape or location by ‘G50’

code. ‘G50’ will explain at the next chapter.
Screen search: X & Z-axis offset is pressed of ‘OFFSET’ button; Y-axis offset is pressed of
‘CUSTOM” button.
6-15

A kind of offset: There are two kind of offset as geometric and wear. Geometric offset is
compensated big amount dimension for tool shape or attached location of tools. Wear offset
is compensated not only small dimension for tool set up but also inadequate dimension
because of tool wear. Geometric offset is shown as ‘G’ in the screen and wear offset is ‘W’.
When geometric offset input/setting, be careful to applying of Z-axis offset of HEAD1 because
of head-stock spindle type. In this case can’t use ‘MEASURE’. Please do input directly a figure.
Back tool: When back tool set up, input big amount distance (about 200mm) into geometric
offset of back tool post as T22~T27 before operation. It is prevent for crashing during machine
operation.
16

Excise
1. Which is not true? ( )

(1) Traverse per revolution means how many moves during one revolution of main
spindle, so actual speed is different with RPM.
(2) Program origin is end of face or cut face with center of material.
(3) Incremental axis name is ‘V’ against X-axis.
(4) G98 and G99 is same group. This means G98 and G99 can not use
simultaneously.
2. Which is right answer? ( )

(1) Back tool post belongs to Head1 side.
(2) Offset is that dimension is compensated to correct the tool location if tool is
located different position.
(3) XD20H is three paths control system, so off-center drill belongs to Head3.
(4) Rapid traverse is high speed but it has little gap with cutting traverse.
6-17

4. The base of program (2)
- G code explanation -
G code grouping: G00, G01, G02,

1) Rapid traverse G00
Linear traverse: G00 X[U]___; or G00 Z[W]___;

Slant traverse : G00 X[U]___ Z[W]___;
As previous said that the rapid traverse transfers to the target position by maximum
speed. Rapid traverse code is G00 or G0. Speed is decided by parameter. It is set
maximum speed when delivery time. Case of slant traverse first move until forty-five
degrees and next remained distance is moved straight along to axis.
G00 X10.0; Rapid traverse is moved from present to X10.0.
G00 X10.0 Z20.0; Two axis together move rapidly from present to X10.0 and Z20.0
* Upper example pictures are assumption that is started from present location X20.0, Z-0.5.
18

2) Linear interpolation G01 : cutting traverse
Linear traverse: G01 X[U]___ F___ ; or G01 Z[W]___;

Slant traverse : G01 X[U]___ Z[W]___ F___ ;
Linear interpolation code of cutting traverse is G01 or G1. Cutting traverse is

transferred with designated ‘F’ traverse speed to the designated location it moved
straight or slants direction. In case slant traverse, it is traversed on the straight that is
different with ‘G00’. Therefore it called that is ‘LINEAR INTERPOLATION’.
G01 Z5.0 F0.05; It’s moved to Z5.0 with the F0.05 (mm/rev) cutting traverse.
* The start is from present position of X10.0 Z1.0.
G01 X10.0 Z12.0 F0.05; It’s moved to (X10.0, Z12.0) with the F0.05 cutting traverse.
* The start is from present position of X10.0 Z5.0.
6-19

3) Circular interpolation G02, G03 : Cutting traverse
Clock wise direction: G02 X___ Z___ R___ F___;

Counter clock wise : G03 X___ Z___ R___ F___ ;
The direction of cutting traverse is as follows.
G03
G02
It is used G02 or G03 according to circular direction of tool.
Program Ex.)
G01 X-1.0 F0.05

X0.0 F0.1
G02 X6.0 Z3.0 R3.0 F0.025
G01 Z10.0 F0.04
G03 X12.0 W3.0 R3.0 F0.025
G01 X13.0 F0.05
G00 X30.0
Until above explanation is about G00/G01/G02/G03 of ‘G’ group. If there is declared

one code of this ‘G’ group then their function has effective until other ‘G’ code of this
group declares again. Example, NC is recognized the block as ‘G02 Z10.0 F0.04’ if the
'G02' next block ‘G01’ is omitted in upper program.
20

4) Dwell G04 ( Or G4)
Address U use : G04 U___ ;

Address X use : G04 X___ ;
Address P use : G04 P___ ;
It is waited a designated time and passing next block.
Follow is each address usage and all are designated 0.5 second.
G04 U0.5 ;
G04 X0.5 ;
G04 P500 ;
Example, when a tool come at the corner during outer diameter turning, the corner
shaper didn’t make well if give not dwell time. Dwell is make minimum revolution hold
moving at the corner.
G04 waiting is called DWELL.
Above three case addresses means waiting time and it is not related coordinate
system or traverse distance. And there is no limitation to use anyone of three kind of
codes. Use it your favorite.
6-21

5) Threading G32
From here explain about G32 code of threading on the foundation. Threading can
not one passing process, it have to pass several times its path with different depth.
Strait thread : G32 Z(W)___ F___ ;

Taper thread : G32 X(U)___ Z(W)___ F___ ;
When the threading, normally both end is occurred uncompleted thread for NC
character. Therefore it has to cut longer than the actual length. Feedrate (Feed % dial
and function) is ignored during G32 working. G32 code is effective in G99 mode.
<예>
Lead = 1.25 G00 X11.0 Z-2.0 ;
δ1 = 2 mm X7.0 ;
δ1 = 1 mm G32 Z9.0 F1.25 ;
1time cut = 0.5 mm G00 X11.0 ;
Z-2.0 ;
X6.0 ;
G32 Z9.0 F1.25 ;
G00 X11.0 ;
Lead = 1.25 G00 X11.0 Z-2.0 ;

δ1 = 2 mm X2.0 ;
δ2 = 1 mm G32 X7.5 Z9.0 F1.25 ;
1time cut = 0.5 mm G00 X11.0 ;
Z-2.0 ;
X1.0 ;
G32 X6.5 Z9.0 F1.25 ;
G00 X11.0 ;
δ(Delta) is symbol of uncompleted thread length, δ1 is start part of threading and δ2 is

end.
22

6) Threading cycle G92
Straight thread : G92 X(U)___ Z(W)___ F___ ;

Taper thread : G92 X(U)___ Z(W)___ R___ F___;
G92 is thread cut cycle and convenient than G32. Operator like this than G32 but
special case as like taper and straight are together connected thread must use G32
code.
Lead = 1.25 G00 X11.0 Z-2.0 ;

δ1 = 2 mm G92 X7.36 Z9.0 F1.25 ;
δ2 = 1 mm X6.92 ;
1st = 0.32 mm X6.64 ;
2nd = 0.22 X6.48 ;
3rd = 0.14 X6.38 ;
4th = 0.08
5th = 0.05
Lead = 1.25 G00 X11.0 Z-2.0 ;

δ1 = 2 mm G92 X7.36 Z9.0 R-2.0 F1.25 ;
δ2 = 1 mm X6.92 ;
1st = 0.32 mm X6.64 ;
2nd = 0.22 X6.48 ;
3rd = 0.14 X6.38 ;
4th = 0.08
5th = 0.05: R is used half diameter unit.
G76: Optional threading code

The usage is as like follow.
G76 X6.38 Z9.0 R-2.0 P810 Q320 F1.25 ;

Detail is refers to FANUC manual.
6-23

G code grouping: G40, G41, G42
7) Tool nose compensation G40 / G41 / G42
The nose of tool is normally round. Therefore, machined dimension become bigger or
smaller than the actual size after machining. This case uses these codes.
To see right picture, when the program

path is given according to drawing, the tool
nose of assumption is moved along it. But
actual tool nose is rounded so a deviant
crease line did not machining and last
dimension has difference with an actual size.
Tool nose compensation cancel: G40

Z-axis [＋] direction : G41
Z-axis [－] direction : G42
(Direction is based on outer tool.)
When you designate tool nose compensation code and input data in the offset screen,
NC is compensate automatically. Be careful use G41 or G42 direction. If this direction
is not correct, the result is out of expectation. To use this function, at first offset screen
search as under right picture, assumption tool nose direction and radius size has to
input their screen.
OFFSET
NO. X Z R T
01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
Outer Back Groove Inner bore

T:4 T:3 T:8 T:1
Nose R size is inputted in the R parts of related offset number as upper right picture.
Nose direction number is inputted in the T. There is no difference input in the
geometric offset or wear offset screen. Offset value has to input which one place.
24

Program example is as follows.
A. Outer turning
T0202 M3 S3000 ;
G0 Z-2.0 X20. ;
G41 ;
G0 Z-0.5 X12.0 ;
G99 G1 X13.6 Z0.3 F0.03 ;
Z4.0 F0.06 ;
G4 P200 ;
X15.6 F0.05 ;
X16.4 W0.4 F0.03 ;
G40 ;
G0 X60.0 ;
;
B. Inner boring
T1414 M3 S3000 ;
G42 ;
G0 X8.8 Z-0.2 ;
G1 X8.0 Z0.2 F0.02 ;
Z4.0 F0.02 ;
X5.0 F0.03 ;
G40 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ;
;
6-25

It can do same effect to change the figure in the program without automatic
compensation of G41/G42.
Refer to table.
θ
각도 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
2fx .017 .032 .047 .060 .073 .085 .096 .107 .117 .127 .137 .146 .156 .165 .174 .183 .191
fz .096 .091 .087 .082 .078 .073 .068 .064 .059 .053 .048 .042 .036 .032 .023 .016 .008
※ However, R=0.1
[Applying example] Bite R0.4, θ=30˚, 2fx=0.085x4=0.340 & fz=0.073x4=0.292.

Therefore, It is added X-axis dimension –0.34, Z-axis +0.292 to the drawing
dimension. Then turning result will become same size.
G0 X14.0 Z0.0 G0 X14.0 Z0.0

G1 X-1.0 F0.05 G1 X-1.0 F0.05
X10.0 F0.1 ▶ X9.66 F0.1
X12.0 Z1.732 X12.0 Z2.024
~ ~
If it is difficult to understand the program same days ago or other person, substitute
formula for figure.
Just that, input X[10-0.085*4] instead of X9.66 but must use ‘[ ]’.
Some case can not use G41/G42 because can not keep constant direction or smaller
difference of outer diameter. In this case we recommand this kind of method and
change to dimension in the program.
26

8) Coordinate shift :G50
G50 W____; or G50 U____; ( Possible: G50 V____;)
G50 is almost same as geometric offset but it is use in the program. Therefore,
direction is opposite with geometric offset.
It move coordinate system axis temporary and it has to re-shift after process end.
Program example
A. Width = 3.0mm back turn bite;

T0404 M3 S3000 ;
G50 W-3.0 ;
G0 X12.0 Z22.0 ; Tool T01~T10 is normally shift as like G50 W-
G1 X10.0 W1.0 F0.03 ; x.xx ; .
G0 X60.0 ;
G50 W3.0 ;
;
B. D5.0’s boring bar, tool nose is up side;

T1313 M3 S3000;
G50 U5.0 ;
G0 X8.8 Z-0.2 ;
G99 G1 X8.0 Z0.2 F0.03 ;
When Tool T11~T15 nose is up case that ‘G50
Z4.0 F0.02 ;
Ux.xx’, if down then shift as ‘G50 U-x.xx’.
X5.0 F0.03 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ;
G50 U-5.0 ;
In case shift to Z-direction, make to ‘G50 W-x.xx’,
;
has to careful to crash tool with tool.
6-27

C.
T2424 M3 S3000 ;
G50 W-152.3 ; Coordinate position becomes actually Z2=0.
G0 Z2.0 ;
G1 Z-10.0 F0.04 ;
G0 Z2.0 ; Z-axis direction symbol: T24 as like
back end machining direction of Z-axis is
Z-9.5 ;
opposite against HEAD1. Direction symbol
G1 Z-14.7 F0.04 ;
becomes minus ‘-‘.
G4 P200 ;
G0 Z2.0 ;
G50 W152.3 ;
G28 W0 ;
;
Precaution: For safety during set-up, has to use long distance of G50 W( ).
Ex: G50 W-200.0 ;
When wear offset used, this is same to input previous long distance. (p3-6)
28

9) Canned cycle for drilling G83/G87
~
G0 Z-2.0 ;
Until here leaned codes are available drilling. (Refer to right
window) But the program is longer or for get the more precise T1212 M3 S2500 ;
G01 Z10.0 F0.04 ;
hole can use canned cycle for drilling G83/G87 even though its
G00 Z-2.0 ;
time will be getting longer than normal drilling. Z9.5 ;
G01 Z16.0 F0.04 ;
G00 Z-2.0 ;
G83 is front drilling cycle for the main and sub spindle, G87 is Z15.5 ;
G01 Z21.5 F0.03 ;
for the cross drill.
G04 X0.5 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ;
;
Front drilling cycle G83
Drill end depth: 21.5, Feed: 0.04, 1 time machining: 2.0mm, Dwell time after
machining: 0.5,
~
G83 Z21.5 Q2000 F0.04 P500 ; G0 Z-2.0 ;
G80 ;
T1212 M3 S2500 ;
G83 Z21.5 Q2000 F0.04 P500 ;
G80 ;
;
Side drilling cycle G87
G87 X0.0 Q1000 F0.03 P500;

G80;
10) Tapping cycle G184/G185
Tapping cycle G184/G185 is the code when it is make rigid tapping at the front tool
post and sub spindle side, back driven tool, cross driven tool. G184 is used right hand
tap, G185 is left hand tap. Under ‘D’ is dwell time to change revolution.
T1515 ;
G184 Z12.0 F1.0 S600 D1.0 ;
;
6-29

11) Constant surface speed control G96/G97
Surface speed means a speed with tangential direction at circumference. If RPM is

constant, cutting speed is changed according to X-axis position. If surface speed is
constant, RPM will be change according to X-axis position. These like control say as a
constant surface speed control. If X-axis position is 0, RPM will become no limited, so it
is needed a maximum RPM limitation. It says as a clamp.
Constant surface speed control is not need at the machining absolutely.
G96 S100 ; Set for surface speed 100M/MIN.

G50 S4000 ; Clamp to RPM Max. S4,000.
G97 S3000 ; Cancel of constant speed control and keep RPM 3,000.
12) Machining origin return for Head1/ Coordinate system initiation G300, G150
G300 and G150 are explained that they have origin return or initiation meaning. The
location of G150 is come to just next block of G300.
G300 X-2.0 Z50.0 T0101 ;

G150 Z-0.2 ;
The end of start of machining cycle is cutoff finish position, so talk little more strictly
says, X and T in G300 are a little bit formal. X in G300 is machine coordinate position
of X-axis of cutoff state. T is cutoff bite tool number and normally use as T0101. ( When
it is commanded to G300, compensation number 01 of T0101 is applied only Y
compensation value. )
Z value in G300 is Z-axis direction stroke to one cycle for parts machining.
Z value in G300 means “parts length + width of tool + spare length”.
X-axis is machine coordinate position: In general case, X-axis direction of cutoff tool did not have
geometrical compensation so program coordinate position is same to machine coordinate position.
X-axis goes to down to X-2.0 that the reason is to clean the cut face because insert tool’s shape has
some angle and not to make uncut part. If special tool is installed for cutoff and it needs 10.0mm
compensation, it will be X8.0 instead of X-2.0 in the G300 block.
30

Head stock slide machine is better to close guide bush with main collet chuck
position. The initial position of main chuck is designated by Z-axis value in the G300
block. Example if Z50.0, this position is 50.0mm distance from the guide bush back
face and spindle is moved to this position. (When spindle is moving, must open the
main chuck. M11 is commanded before G300 block.)
Designated Z-axis coordinate position in the program become as like the above
picture compared with actual moving. So then, designated position in the G300 block
becomes Z0.0. “Z+” move advanced and Z- is move to back.
The initialized Z0.0 position is set up by G150 or change.

Z0.0 coordinate position is changed by G150 even though it is set up by G300.
If there is block of ‘G150 Z-0.2’, we think there is 0.2mm spare face cutting allowance.
But if ‘G150 Z0.2’, cutting allowance is bigger that it becomes 0.2mm retract. Such
value is occurred relative position outer bite with cutoff bite. In the program, to
designate to “G150 Z-0.2”.
6-31

If cutoff bite used left bite (right insert Right side cutoff bite is used as below and
tip) or have some clearance with guide this case will be ‘G150 Z9.8’.
bush face, Z-distance should be smaller or
a little more bigger.
If you are not needed face cut,

should be good to use “G150 Z0.0”.
13) Machining origin returns G300 of HEAD2
G310 is making to initial position of sub spindle for cycle start. Most of usage is follow.
G310 Z210.0 T2100 ;
‘Z210.0’ is set up the Z-axis position. It is normally maximum stroke. ‘T2100’ is X-axis
position and sub spindle calling code. That time of sub spindle move to centerline of
guide bush.
G code grouping: G98, G99

14) Feedrate changing mode : G98/G99
G99 : Feed per revolution (mm/rev). It needs decimal point.

G98 : Feed per minute (mm/min). Decimal point is impossible.
Default set up condition is G99. G99/G98 can use other G-code together in one
block.
32

15) Jump to another block : GOTO
This is jump to designated sequence number according to the GOTO behind number.
Example of program
N10 T0202 M3 S2000 ; Sequence number: This is given to

G00 X30.0 Z-2.0 ; recognize each block or process and use
~ as Nxxx. Sequence number did not give
GOTO50 ; effect to the program but only use
; management.
N20 T0303 ;
~
;
N50 T0404 M3 S3000 ;
~
If there is ‘GOTO 50’ after N10 process executed, jump over N20 and go to the N50
and execute from this block. GOTO can jump in advance block or back.
6-33

Excise
1. Following is head of any Head1. Fill out the blank.
O2002 ;
M92003 ;
G0 G18 G40 T0 ;
M11 ;
G4 X0.5 ;
( ) X-2.0 Z42.0 T0101 ;
G150 Z-0.2 ;
M10 ;
G0 X60.0 Z-2.0 ;
;
2. Following is any part of program. Fill out the blank.
N30 T0606 M3 S3500 ;

( ) W-2.0 ;
G0 X20.0 Z15.0 ;
G99 ( ) X16.0 W2.0 F0.03 ;
X12.0 F0.015 ;
Z22.0 F0.04 ;
X11.0 W0.5 F0.02 ;
G0 X60.0 ;
G50 ( );
;
3. Following is threading process. Fill out blank.
T0404 M3 S2000 ;
G0 X12.0 Z-2.5 ;
M12 ;
( ) X7.5 Z6.5 F1.0 ;
X7.06 ;
X6.8 ;
X6,7 ;
34

4. Following is constant speed control of outer machining. Fill out blank.
T0303 ;
G0 X22.6 Z0.0 ;
( ) S200 ;
G50 S6000 ;
G1 X-1.0 F0.05
G0 X15.6 Z-0.2 ;
G1 X16.4 Z0.2 F0.05 ;
Z5.0 F0.08 ;
( ) X0.2 ;
X19.4 F0.08 ;
G1 X20.0 W0.3 F0.05 ;
Z11.2 F0.1 ;
( ) P200 ;
X21.6 F0.08 ;
U1.0 W0.5 F0.05 ;
G97 S2000 ;
G0 X60.0 ;
;
6-35

5. The base of program (3)
- M code explanation-
16) Major M-code
Here in introduce M-code. Mainly used M-code is explained.
Code Head1 Head2 Explanation

M00 ○ ○ Program stop. Cycle stop. Cursor is remained at the present
position. Generally M30 is used.
M01 ○ ○ Optional stop. If optional stop is ON, revolution is stop or cycle stop
when it met the M01. Stop button is blinked. Push start button again
then execute program continues. There have to revolution command
after M01.
M03 ○ ○ Clock wise revolution of RPM is designated by S address. And
Main/Sub axis. used ‘M03 (or M04) S3000’.
M04 ○ ○ Counter clockwise
revolution of Main/Sub axis.
M05 ○ ○ Revolution stops of main/sub axis.
M07 ○ Auto cutoff macro program code.
M08 ○ ○ Coolant on If Head2 has coolant motor, it needs a command
M09 ○ ○ Coolant off when use the coolant regardless Head1.
M10 ○ Main chuck closes.
M11 ○ Main chuck opens. Sometimes needs dwell time before move to
another block from M11 depend of barfeeder. The reason is
synchronizing time difference. (0.5sec Min.)
M12 ○ Main spindle speed arriving check. It checks whether spindle speed
is reached a designed RPM. It must use at the big difference of
tapping and outer threading with since RPM.
M13 ○ Main spindle clock wise revolution & coolant on. M03+M08
M14 ○ Main spindle counter clock wise revolution & coolant on. M04+M08
M17 ○ ○ Parts catcher forwarding
M18 ○ ○ Parts catcher backwarding + Conveyor on (timer working)
M20 ○ ○ Sub chuck Mainly it is used at the Head2. When it use for
close cutoff, it use at the Head1.
M21 ○ ○ Sub chuck
open
M23 ○ ○ Cross drill clock wise It is used after M50.
M24 ○ ○ Cross drill counter clock Command is designated as ‘M23
wise S4000’.
M25 ○ ○ Cross drill stop It is used before M51.
M26 ○ ○ Air blow1 On Air below through sun spindle.
M27 ○ ○ Air below1 Off
M28 ○ ○ Air below1 On(Timer)
M30 ○ ○ Program end + cursor return to program head.
36

Code Head1 Head2 Explanation
M36 ○ Tool broken detector On Example usage
M40 ○ Tool detector cylinder M40 ;
forwarding M36 ;
M41 ○ Tool detector cylinder backup M41 ;
M50 ○ ○ Axis clamping. Axis is clamped for contour or driven tool working.
M51 ○ ○ Axis clamping release.
M54 ○ Main & Sub phase control On It is used when an angle makes to
M55 ○ Main & Sub phase control Off match front face with back face. It’s
used cutoff process and needs M56.
M56 ○ Main & sub speed It makes match RPM of sun axis with
synchronizing On mains.
M57 ○ Main & sub speed
synchronizing Off
M78 ○ Front eject working on. Sub chuck open, after M78 and it needs dwell
M79 ○ Front eject working off. time about 0.5sec before M79.
M82 ○ ○ Axis clamping On Mechanical type clamps and needs M50.
M83 ○ ○ Axis clamping Off 1 degree is using as’G0 C(H)x.0’ before M82.
M92 ○ ○ Call for sub program (O9002) – Normal barfeeder program
M93 ○ ○ Call for sub program (O9003) – Long shaft barfeeder program
M95 ○ ○ Start check of barfeeder It use just before cutoff as follow.,
M95 ;
M96 ○ End check of barfeeder / M92 ; ‘/’ must
M96 ;
M97 ○ ○ This increases one counter.
M98 ○ ○ Call sub program/execute. Call the program as Oxxxx by use ‘M98
Pxxxx ;’ .
M99 ○ ○ End of sub program call. This means sub program end.
If ‘M99 Pxxx;’ is finished, cursor go to the main program Nxxx.
M220 ○ ○ Main/Sub axis synchronization control end.
M221 ○ ○ Main/Sub axis synchronization control on. Z1-Z2 moving is
synchronized. If main spindle is moving, sub spindle will move following
the main.
M230 ○ ○ Composite control end
M233 ○ ○ Composite control start. X, Z-axis of main is stop after M233. X, Z-axis
of sub axis is managed by Head1 program.
M500~ ○ ○ Mutual waiting between Head1with Head2. Each other wait in same
M599 code number of Head1 and Head2.
M9xxxx ○ ○ This uses a head of Head1 program. Oxxxx of Head2 is executed.
If there is not this block, only execute Head at the ‘SIMU.
17) Range of RPM.
Maximum RPM of main spindle is 8,000 RPM / 10,000 RPM / 12,000 RPM that is
difference depend on machine type. Sun spindle is Max. RPM is 8,000 RPM.
Driven tool maximum is 4,000RPM including cross drill unit.
6-37

Excise
1. Following is ejecting process at the Head2. Fill out the blank.
T2800 ;
M17 ;
M4 S200 ;
G0 Z150.0 ;
M21 ;
M78 ;
G4 P500 ;
( );
M18 ;
G28 W0. ;
;
2. Following is cross drilling process at the Head1. Fill out the blank.
M05 ;
;
T0707 ;
( );
M23 S2500 ;
G50 W-16.0 ;
G0 X10.6 Z12.0 ;
G1 X7.5 F0.03 ;
G4 P200 ;
G0 X60.0 ;
M25 ;
M51 ;
G50 W16.0 ;
;
38

3. Following is cutoff process. Fill out the blank.
[HEAD1] [HEAD2]
T0101 M3 S3000 ; T2100 ;
M550 ; M550 ;
M56 ; G0 Z35.0 ;
G0 X13.4 Z45.0 ; G98 ( ) Z22.0 F2000 ;
( ); M560 ;
G4 P500 ; ( );
M560 ; G28 W0 ;
M20 ; M580 ;
G99 G1 X-2.0 F0.03 ; M30 ;
M570 ;
M580 ;
M55 ;
M57 ;
M40 ;
M36 ;
M41 ;
( );
/ M92 ;
M96 ;
M97 ;
M30 ;
6-39

6. Prepare for programming
1) Preparation
Here we will study programming step by step using one parts example program. The
example component is as below drawing. It seems a little bit complicate but this can
understand to try it step by step. This example will make a program by XD20H machine.
40

First you choose machining part, next prepare the material, main collet chuck, and
sub collet chuck, finger chuck for bar feeder and guide bush. This case try to use Brass
Φ 12.0 bar. Main collet chuck, finger chuck and guide bush will use Φ12.0 and sub
collet chuck has to prepare special type of 10.0mm extruded than standard.
After prepared all of chuck (Main/Sub chuck, Guide bush, Finger chuck), has to think
machining process according to drawing. And tools are prepared according to
machining process. Here let’s see just appropriate tools according to detail process.
Standard sub chuck Extruded sub chuck
1) Start and end of program
A start and end of program are approximately similar. Let’s get see as follow.
Next is a start program pattern of Head1.
O0001 ;
M90001 ;
M7 ;
G40 G18 ;
/ M08 ;
M11;
G4 P500 ;
G300 X-2.0 Z32.0 T0101 ;
G150 Z-0.2 ;
M10 ;
G0 X50.0 Z-2.0 ;
;
O0001 ; Program number is O0001.
M90001 ; Start to O0001 of Head2.
M7 ; Auto check tool position and if it needs a cutoff, make an auto cutoff.
6-41

If a cycle is abnormally stopped or after tool exchanged, it is make cutoff finishing state that
material is cut the face before auto cycle. Previous says that the end and start of cycle is a cutoff
finishing state. M7 code is make this automatically.
Before starting program, outer bite or cross tool (T01~T10) in the Head1 located near position of
material and it is started the cutoff working by M7 when the material is extruded as much as face
cut. But, if you want to use M7, it needs setting the parameter on the screen previously .
G40 G18 It makes initiate several kinds working mode. If there is not using
‘G41/G42’ or ‘G17/G19’ then can omit this block. G17/G18/G19 is
machining plane declaration. Default of Z-X plane is G18.
/ M08 Coolant on. But when block-skip is on then skip to another block. For
program check, if block-skip is on that you can see very well the
working condition because coolant did not blew when the cycle
executed.
M11 Collet chuck open.
G4 P500 It is need to give time to the bar feeder synchronized control working
time difference.
G300 Initial set position and movement.
X-2.0 X-axis coordinate position when a cutoff finished. This is also machine
origin. Most of case, this is correspond to absolute coordinate system
in used program. (Refer to p4-13)
Z32.0 Initial set position and movement. Z=25(Parts length)+2(Cutoff bite’ s
width with spare width)+5(spare length)
T0101 Tool number of the cutoff bite.
G150 Z-0.2: Set Z-axis position. Bites are used normally right side and position is
Z-2.0 when make the program. When you use a bite, you has to re-set
Z-position actually.
M10 Close chuck again.
G0 For next process, the tool is retracted. This is a rapid traverse.
X50.0 X-axis is rapid traversed approximately until this position. Sometimes
the tools come up more according to tool set up condition. When
called next tool, there is not to make trouble with other tool or tool post
is ok.
Z-2.0 This is made gap between material and tool to move the cutoff bite
when it retract because tool is contact with material.
42

Next is a program of start pattern of Head2.
O0001 ;
G40 G18 ;
G310 Z210.0 T2100 ;
;
G40 G18 Initiate several modes. It can omit not use among the program as G41
/ G42, G17 / G19.
G310 Return initial position.
Z210.0 This is maximum retracted position of Head2.
T2100 This is make to arrange with sub spindle center and guide bush center.
Above is head of head2 program. Follow is last process of program that was cutoff.
Let’s take learn step by step as follow.
1) Front face cutting – outer bite post
N10 T0202 M3 S3000 ;

G0 X13.0 Z0.0 ;
G99 G1 X-1.0 F0.05 ;
G0 X50.0 Z-2.0 ;
;
N10: Sequence number. This sequence number do not give any meaning to
the program but it‘s can easily understanding the process.
T0202 Call the tool T0202. There is installed outer bite.
M3 S3000 This means spindle revolution. RPM is 3,000.
6-43

G0 This is positioning for rapid traverse.
X13.0 X13.0 is 0.5mm far distance from the material that the material size is
Ø12.0.
Z0.0 Face cutting is cut at Z0.0 position.
Face cutting: Actual program origin of Z-axis is the place for face cutting. Face cutting is very
important because it is datum of parts dimension. If face cutting did not, parts total length will not
constant. It has to adjust that the Z-axis value in the G150 block is controlled to cut proper
quantity of face cutting from Z0.0 by outer tool when tool is installed. There is no standard for face
cutting but it needs 0.1~0.3mm cutting quantity. If you want to change the face cutting quantity,
change the Z-axis value in the G150. If less, compensation is “-“direction plus needed quantity
and exceed then “+” direction plus exceed quantity. If you want to 0.1mm increasing at the G150
Z-0.2, it will be G150 Z-0.3.
G99 This declares feeding method for G1 block and feed per revolution
mode. This mode is effective until G98 declaration.
G1 This is cutting mode G code. This G1 code is used cut for material by
tool.
X-1.0 X0.0 is center of material but cutting did over the center because a
tool end is not sharp when face cutting.
F0.05 This is feedrate. Face cutting is commanded 0.03~0.01 of feedrate
according to a material and a tool.
G0 Tool is retracted when the cutoff finished.
X50.0 This is retracted position of X-axis.
Z-2.0 Next process is drilling and Z-axis is prior retracted to prevent crashing
to the installed tool in the front tool post. It is meaning that the tool with
the material is making a gap by X-axis and Z-axis retreat.
Until now, it is face-cutting explanation. Don’t forget tool calling and material rotation
for machining. Material rotation has to prior command before all process as possible as.
44

2) Front center drilling (Ø6.0 90°) – At the front tool post.
A center drilling makes the point of guide for drilling. If a drill is bigger or material is
soft, that time can omit the center drilling.
N20 T1414 M3 S3000 ;

G0 Z-2.0 ;
G1 Z2.0 F0.04 ;
G4 P200 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ;
;
T1212 Center drill is installed at the T1212. When the tool ‘T11~T15’ are
called, the center of tool is arranged to the center of material.
M3 S3000 This is a revolution of material.
G0 Z-2.0 Actually, Z-axis position had moved as –2.0mm but more one written
here is as follow. T block is immediately executed with tool calling to
read next block priory. If there is not this block (G0 Z-2.0), tool was
called and G1 block immediately starts cutting. Beginner feels a little
confusion rapidly changing the process. And it has meaning to confirm
the process start position.
G1 There is start for cutting feed.
Z2.0 This is a depth of center drilling. Tool diameter is 6.0mm and it is better
3.0mm of half diameter.
F0.04 This is feedrate and move 0.04mm per revolution. To choice the best
feedrate, in case standard tool refers its catalogue.
G4 G4 means dwell time. The drill hole shape is not good because drill is
rapidly retract from the bottom of hole if there is not dwell.
P200 This means 0.2 seconds. Example, a drill is rotated fifty times during
one second when its revolution is 3000RPM; rotate ten times during
0.2 seconds.
6-45

G0 The tool is retracted rapidly.
Z-2.0 This is initial position and 2.0mm distance point from material with tool
edge.
3) Front drilling – Front tool post
To make M5 tap, it will prepare Φ4.3 drill. There needs calculation for 17.0mm depth
location to drill point. Roughly calculated the depth of triangle direction is the drill
diameter multiply to 0.3. Needed drilling depth will be L=17.0+4.3x0.3=18.3. If it need
more accurate depth demanded Z18.3, it has to repeat every time for adjusting the
depth if it is wrong. It also needs every time drill changes.
N30 T1313 M3 S3500 (DRILL D4.3) ;

G0 Z-2.0 ;
G1 Z18.3 F0.04 ;
G4 P200 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ;
;
T1313 Call drill.

M3 S3500 This is material revolution and RPM is 3,500.
(~) The content in the parenthesis is not related with program progress.
This is only reference to know the tool information.
G0 Z-2.0 Refer to center drill process.
G1 This is drilling by cutting feed.
Z18.3 Drilling to depth 18.3mm.
F0.04 Feed is refers to tool catalogue.
G4 Dwell code. This needs to make good shape at the end point of drill.
P200 0.2 sec dwell.
G0 Start drill retracts.
Z-2.0 Retract position.
Generally the depth of drill has to adjust depend on
working load. If depth is deep, drilling is divided

several times. Refer to window in the P4-12.
46

4) Front boring. (D4.0 ‘X+’direction)
1. Geometric compensation at the program +

N40 T1200 M3 S3000 (BORE D4.0 R0.2) ; 2. Tool nose R compensation:
T12 ; N40 T1212 M3 S3000 (BORE D4.0
G0 X6.9 Z-0.5 ; (1) R0.2) ;
G50 U4.0 ;
G1 X5.5 Z0.2 F0.03 ; (2)
G0 X[6.9+0.234] Z-0.5 ; (0.117x2 = 0.234)
Z5.5 F0.025 ; (3)
G1 X5.5 Z[0.2+0.118] F0.03 ; (0.059x2)
G2 X4.5 Z6.0 R0.5 F0.02 ; (4)
Z5.7 F0.025 ;
G1 X4.1 W0.2 ; (5)
G2 X4.9 Z6.0 R0.3 F0.02 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ; (6)
G1 X[4.5+0.117*2] ;
;
G1 X4.1 W[0.2+0.059*2] ;
G0 Z-2.0 ;
T2100 Calling sub spindle. G50 U-4.0 ;
M3 S3000 Rotating of material. ;
(1) G0 Approaching to the previous location of boring.

Xx.xx Starting position. X-axis of target position is X5.5.
Z-0.5 Z-0.5 is 0.5mm distance from the nose of tool. Z-axis of target position
is Z0.2. The difference is 0.2-(-0.5)=0.7. If boring is started the 0.5mm
distance from material that X-axis. The start position Xx.xx can
calculate because of the chamfer is 45 degree. X: 5.5+0.7x2 = X6.9
(1) (2)
6-47

(2) G1 Start boring for Chamfer.
X5.5 Chamfer finishing position. This is boring dimension on the drawing.
Z0.2 Z-axis coordinated position after chamfer.
F0.03 Feed for boring.
Chamfer quantity: Considering start position to finishing position, moving distance of tool is Z:
0.2-(-0.5) = 0.7, X: 5.5-6.9 = -1.4. It is resulted 0.7mm for chamfer. Actual chamfer is occurred at the
material. Material position is from Z0.0 and actual chamfer is become C0.2 as Z: 0.2-0 = 0.2. But it
is not accurate at the actual condition because of the nose R of tool. If it is made tool nose
compensation, the result will be better.
(3) Z5.5 Tool is advance to the boring depth on the drawing.

F0.025 Boring feed is 0.015~0.03 at the 3,000RPM. The feed is slower if tool
is a little.
▶ ▶
(3) (4)
(4) G2 Circular interpolation G2 uses for R0.5 machining. The tool is moving
to clockwise direction.
X4.5 This means an end of radius. X: 5.5-0.5x2 = 4.5
Z6.0 This also means an end of radius of Z-axis. Z: 5.5+0.5 = 6.0
R0.5 This is a half of radius.
F0.02 This means feed rate for radius machining. In case of slant place
and radius decrease feed rate than X or Z direction.
Actually, tool nose is R0.2 but it is R0.7after machining. To compensate this as following,
Z5.7 F0.025 ;
G2 X4.9 Z6.0 R0.3 F0.02 ;
(5) G1 Return to leaner interpolation.

X4.1 For remove burrs at the hole between and new boring shape, the
boring is machined to 45-degree direction. The target position of X-
axis is less than D4.3 that will be X4.1.
W0.2 X-direction moving is 4.1-4.5=-0.4, 0.4/2=0.2 and actual distance is 0.2.
The slant is 45-degree, so the tool also 0.2mm moves to Z-axis direction.
48

▶ ▶
(5) (6)
(6) G0 The tool is retracted when boring is finished.

Z-2.0 It is moved 2.0mm from material end face.
5) Front Tap.
Next is tapping. The tap is installed at the T1111. It is installed into the normal holder
because of rigid tapping. The drill depth before tap is decided to consider that the tap
end shape is tapered. Tap approaching position is also decided to consider the tap
shape and incomplete thread potion. The tap has 14.0mm length of d3.0 on the
drawing, in here needs to drill to the 16.5mm.
▶ ▶
N50 T1111 (TAP M5P0.8) ;

G0 Z-2.0 ;
G184 Z16.5 D0.5 S600 F0.8 ;
;
T1111 Call the tap.

G0 Z-2.0 It is the position of process start.
G184 Right tap cycle function.
Z16.5 Target position of drilling finishing.
D0.5: Dwell time for reverse rotating direction.
S600: RPM for tapping.
6-49

F0.8 Feed for tapping. It is same as thread lead.
Normal process is proceeded as ①Front face, ②holes, ③outer diameter machining.
Next is outer diameter machining.
6) Outer Diameter Machining.
The tool use T0202 as previous N10 process. Tool nose R compensation is
considered as 0.2. For accurate dimension, the tool nose compensation tries to take
use the compensation table.
N60 T0202 M3 S3000 (TURN R0.2) ;

G0 X13.0 Z-0.2 ;
X[6.6-0.117*2] ; (1)
G1 Z[1.5+0.059*2] X10.0 F0.05 ; (2)
Z10.0 F0.08 ; (3)
G4 P100 ;
X[11.4-0.117*2] F0.05 ; (4)
X12.4 W[0.5+0.059*2] F0.03; (5)
G0 X60.0 ;
M05 ;
;
T0202 Call the tool.

M3 S3000 Rotating the material.
G0 Approaching position.
X13.0 It is bigger than material (12.0). Its position is approached to the
material.
Z-0.2 It moves to no material area. The end face of material is Z0.0 and ‘-’ is
opposite side.
(1) X[ ~ ] It goes under way to (1). Tool nose R(or nose R) is 0.2 and the
chamfer is 45-degree that position value is x.xx with additional “–
0.117*2”. So then is becomes X[x.xx-0.117*2]. (Refer to P4-9)
(2) G1 Start machining and chamfering.
Z[ ~ ] This is the position of chamfer 1.5 plus tool nose compensation. (Refer
to p4-9)
X10.0 For make M10 thread, chamfering has to be finished at the X10.0
50

position. Then, previous chamfer position Xx.xx can be calculated. If it
is not considered compensation value, Z-axis moving distance is 1.5-(-
0.2) = 1.7. And X-axis movement has to same as 10-1.7*2 = 6.6, so
becomes X6.6. .
(3) Z10.0 Go to Z10.0.
F0.08 Feedrate is 0.08(mm/rev).
G4 P100 Dwelling at the corner. If there is not dwell at the corner, corner shape
becomes well not.
(4) X[11.4 ~ Cutting traverses to X-axis direction. Out start point is X12.0 and X
traverse move to X11.4 as 12.0-0.3*2 = 11.4 because chamfer is
0.3mm.
(5) X12.4 Retracts.
W[0.5~ X traverse distance is (12.4-11.4)/2 = 0.5. Because chamfer is 45
degree so Z-direction also has to move to 0.5mm as W0.5. Actual
chamfer will become C0.3 as (12.0-11.4)/2=0.3 for X12.0 is outer
diameter.
G0 X60.0 Tool retraction.
M5 Main spindle is fixed for next end-mill process. So it will make rotating
stop.
7) End-milling
Next will be make spanner seat by end-milling. T07~T10 of cross tools is cut for
material side face after main spindle stop. Main spindle is stopped by mechanical brake
or electrical brake after material rotating stop with M5 command. After main spindle
stop by M5, it is fixed by mechanical brake or with electrical brake. Mechanical brake is
M82 (release: M83) and electrical brake is M50 (release: M51). After M50 command
has to return angle origin that program block is ‘G28 H0’ or ‘G0 C0’.
M50 ; Main spindle clamp.

G0 C0 ; Return to origin.
M82 ; Working of mechanical brake.
If you want to more accurate position then need to use M82 additionally.
Mechanical brake system for main spindle is called ‘Main Spindle Indexing Unit’ or
‘Main Spindle Divide Unit’. This principle is that the assembled pulley to the main
spindle is fixed to push by pin with pneumatic cylinder. There is located on the head
6-51

stock side with a small pneumatic cylinder. It can divide each one degree. If using
electrical brake is available 0.001 degree. Never use Y-axis during machining by a bite.
Y-axis is used when end-milling by cross tool. When the tool called the tool is located
on the center line of material and its position is Y0.0.
Y0.0
N70 T0808 (ENDMILL D5.0) ;

G50 W-13.5 ;
M50 ;
G0 C0 ;
M82 ;
M23 S2000 ;
G0 X20.0 Y-7.0 Z14.0 ;
X10.0 ; (1)
G1 Y7.0 F0.05 ;
G0 X20.0 ;
Y-7.0 ;
M83 ;
G0 C180.0 ;
M82 ;
X10.0 ;
G1 Y7.0 F0.05 ; (2)
(3)
G0 X60.0 ;
M83 ;
M25 ;
M51;
G50 W13.5 ;
;
(4) (5)
52

T0808 Calling tool.
G50 Coordinate shift and this is geometric compensation by program.
W-13.5 Cross tool of center is 16.0mm away from basic line (p3-3). (This
distance is depends upon machine type so refer to machine manual.)
In here compensate 2.5 of half tool diameter. So then, cutting datum
is edge of end-mill round against the guide bush face. If there has
2.5mm compensation, it can make program to 14.0mm as the drawing.
M50: Main spindle clamping. Main spindle stopped already at the previous
process (N60).
G0 C0 Return to angle origin. Move to C0 position.
M82 Works mechanical brake.
M23 S2000 Cross tool rotating and RPM is 2,000.
G0: To approaching prepare. Picture (1).
X20.0: Approaching to the material (Ø10.0).
Y-7.0: Y-position for end-milling.
3.xx as picture. Consider as 4.0.
4.0+2.5+0.5(spare allowance)=7.0
Z14.0 Dimension on the drawing. This is
Coordinate position of end-mill.
X10.0 Move to cutting start position.
Picture (2).
G1 Cutting traverses.
6-53

Y7.0 F0.05 Finishing point of cutting. It’s go through picture (3) to picture (4).
G0: Change traverse method.
X20.0 Retract the tool. See picture (5).
Y-7.0: Return to Y-axis’s start position for next cut. See picture (1).
M83 Release brake for adjusting angle.
G0 C180.0 Main spindle turn to 180 degree. (C0 -> C180)
M82 Brake works.
X10.0 Start works for opposite face cut. See picture (2)
G1 Y7.0 ~ Cut the face. See picture (4).
G0 X60.0 The tool retracts after cutting finished.
M83 Release brake.
M25: Cross tools stop.
M51 Release spindle clamp.
G50 W13.0 Re-shift to initial position after process.
If G50W13.0 is omitted, next process is not worked well because coordinated system is confused.
If your want do not use G50 coordinated shift, has to use geometric offset. This time has to omit
G50 of start of end of this block.
8) Outer grooving (2.0 x Ø7.5)
Next process is grooving. Grooving bite is installed at the T0303.
N80 T0303 M3 S2000 (GROOVE T2.0);

G0 X13.0 Z10.0;
G1 X7.5 F0.04;
G4 P200;
G0 X60.0;
;
S2000 Grooving process is better to low RPM than normal bite machining.
RPM give effective to the groove’s appearance.
G0: Approach for grooving.
X13.0: Approach 0.5mm away from material outer diameter.
Z10.0: Position of groove.
54

G1 Start machining.
X7.5: Machining to the groove bottom.
F0.04 Cutting feed. Detail tool feedrate is refers to tool catalogue.
G4 P200 Give dwell time for making good groove face roughness and accurate
dimension.
G0 X60.0 Tool retracts.
9) Outer threading.
Next is threading. A 1.5 pitch profiled

insert tip use for threading. When
threading RPM is 1,200, δ1 is 2.67, δ2
is 0.83. (Reference: appendix, incomplete
thread length). Each time cut mount is
also referred appendix thread work
1.0 reference.
N90 T0404 M3 S1200 (M10 P1.5) ;

2.67 8.0 0.83
G50 W-1.0 ;
G0 X14.0 Z-2.67 ;
G92 X9.3 Z8.83 F1.5 ;
X8.8 ;
X8.48 ;
X8.28 ;
M10x1.5
X8.16 ;
X8.06 ;
8.0
G0 X60.0 ;
10.0
G50 W1.0 ;
M5 ;
;
T0404 Called tool for treading.

M3 S1200 Main spindle revolution value. A proper tool RPM is considered the
tool catalogue and material characteristics.
G50 W-1.0 Thread tool point is compensated 1.0mm away from origin position.
G0: Approaching to the threading.
6-55

X14.0: Approaching to the a little bit bigger position than material outer.
Z-2.67 The bite is moved to the position for the considered incomplete thread
length.
G92 Threading cycle function.
X9.3 Threading until X9.3. The thread mount will be deeper to as pass as
next block. 10.0-0.35*2 = 9.3
Z8.83 It is finished point for thread to consider the incomplete thread length.
Groove is worked to Z10.0mm so tool is not crash until Z8.83. Actual
position is will be Z8.83+1.0(tool thickness).
F1.5 Feedrate should be thread pitch.
X8.8 2nd cut amount. If there is write Xx.xx under G92, G92 Zx.xx Fx.xx is
effective. 9.3-0.25*2 = 8.8
X8.48 8.8-0.16*2 = 8.48
X8.28 8.48-0.10*2 = 8.28
X8.16 8.28-0.06*2 = 8.16
X8.06 8.16-0.05*2 = 8.06
G0 X60.0 Tool retracts.
G50 W1.0 Return to coordinated shift.
M5 Spindle stops for next process.
10) Cross holes machining.
Next is tried to cross drilling using the cross drill unit. The cross drill holes are located
parallel with end-milled face. So the drilling direction is crossed each other. The end-
mill face is worked to C0 and C180.0 and the holes have to dilled at the C90.0 and
C270.0. Using the 90 degree center drill, both sides make the chamfers for holes.
Next is drilling to halves the material by Ø3.0 drill. It is enough to through the holes by
X0.0 drilling because of middle empty.
N100 T0707 (90DEG CENTER) ;

G50 W-16.0 ; Tool point compensation
M50 ; Spindle clamps.
G0 C90.0 ; Angle adjusting.
M82 ; Brake works.
M23 S3000 ; Tool rotating.
56

G0 X13.0 Z14.0 ; Approaching for drilling.
G1 X8.0 F0.04 ; 90deg-center drill chamfering to X8.0.
G4 P100 ; Dwell 0.1sec.
G0 X13.0 ; Tool retracts.
M83 ; Brake release.
H180.0 ; Adjusting for another hole.(C90.+H180.=C270)
M82 ; Brake works
G1 X8.0 F0.04 ; Center drilling.
G4 P100 ; Dwell.
;
N110 T0909 (DRILL D3.0) ; Calling T09 tool.
M23 S4000 ; Tool spindle rotating CW.
G0 X13.0 Z14.0 ; Positioning.
G1 X0.0 F0.04 ; Machining to X0.0.
H180.0 ; Indexing (C270.+H180.=C450.=C90. position)
M82 ; Braking.
G1 X0.0 F0.04 ; Machining to X0.0.
M25 ; Tool spindle stops.
M51; Main spindle clamp off.
G50 W16.0 ; Coordinate shift release(Tool-compensation release)
;
6-57

11) Outer back turning.
Next is turning by back-turning bite.

Process will be proceeding as following.
C1.0 chamfer is better than end of

parts is cut more 0.1~0.2mm. It will
result as C1.1~C1.2. The reason is for
the easier cut off because total length
should be easier to adjusting. Here do to
C1.2. Chamfer for the cut off has to cut
more 0.1~0.2mm than specific normal
size for it don’t make outer difference.
Following program used G41 code for

automatically compensate of tool
nose compensation.
N120 T0505 M3 S3000 (BACK TURN);

G50 W-2.0;
C0.3: target point X(1), Z18.0, start point X(2), Z17.5
G0 X13.0 Z17.5;
Is 45degree’s chamfer so if you know one of either (1) or (2),
G41 G1 X12.4 F0.1;
another can calculate. Target point is a dimension on the
X11.4 Z18.0 F0.03;
drawing, and its calculation is easier than other. The chamfer
X10.0 F0.04;
is C0.3 and outer diameter is 12.0. It will be 12-
G4 P100;
0.3*2=11.4=(1).
Z24.0 F0.06;
X7.6 Z25.2 F0.03;
C1.0: C1.0 is machined from Z24.0 to Z25.0. Start point
X13.0 F1.0;
X=10.0, end point X=10.0-1.0*2=8.0
G50 W2.0;
We are going to C1.2 of chamfer and X direction is -0.4. Z-
G40 G0 X60.0;
direction is 0.2 then it becomes X7.6 Z25.2.
;
58

12) Back side machining.
Cut off process is looking for after Head2 (back-side) machining.

Now see Head2 side machining.
When Head2 side is machining, there is guessed to grasp the just previous machined
parts in the sub collet of sub spindle. The procedure will take as back side machining
by back tools and ejection the parts, cut off.
Back side machining ejection of parts cut off
Head2 machining is working the part at the previous machined it. At this time is
simultaneously machined current Head1 side with previous parts of Head2.
The machining will be progress T24
of center drill and T25 drill, T26 tap.
The depth of center drill will try
4.5mm and drill will do Φ2.6.
Pay attention to work at the back

side, the coordinate shift distance has
to longer than installed tool. This
means that the tool prevent to crashing
the sub spindle. Geometric or
coordinate shift G50 both is same.
The Z-axis of compensation will use a geometric offset at the back side works.
T25 is a rotating tool. Following the program could not be operate depend on
machine type. At this time has to change the program to fixed tool type.
N10 T2424 M3 S3000 (CENTER) ;

G0 Z2.0 ;
G99 G1 Z-4.5 F0.04 ;
G4 P100 ;
G28 W0 ;
;
N20 T2525 M3 S5000 (DRILL D2.6) ;
G0 Z2.0 ;
G1 Z-9.0 F0.03 ;
G28 W0 ;
6-59

M5 ;
;
N30 T2626 (TAP M3P0.5) ;
M50 ;
G0 Z3.0 ;
G184 Z-9.0 F0.5 S600 D0.5 ;
M51 ;
G28 W0 ;
;
T2424 Calling back side tool T2424. Sub spindle stop at the T24 position to
move to the X2 direction.
M3 S3000 Rotating sub spindle.
G0 Positioning to closed position by rapid traverse.
Z2.0 Go to 2.0mm away from tool. Tool move far away direction from guide
bush when direction is Z+. When you want to machining, you can use
Z- direction.
G99 This means the feedrate has to declare G99 before G1 starting in the
program properly.
G1 Start works by cut speed.
Z-4.5 Drilling to the 4.5mm depth.
F0.04 Feedrate (Feed per revolution)
G4 P100 Dwell.
G28 W0 Return to Z2 origin. Go to the end position of Z2. Don’t to write Z0 after
G28. Be sure to write W0.
T2525 Calling drill. Sub spindle stop at the T25 position.
M3 S5000 Sub spindle rotating command.
Z2.0 Approaching to closed position.
Z-9.0 Drilling to 9.0 depths. The end position of drill is empty because of
front Head1 side already worked.
F0.03 Feedrate is lower than other drill because it is small drill.
G28 W0 Sub spindle retracts.
M5 The sub spindle is stopped for use rotating tool T26.
T2626 Calling tool T26.
M50 Brake for sub spindle clamps. You can use M82-M83 additionally.
G184 Tapping cycle function.
Z-9.0 Tapping to 9.0 depths.
60

F0.5 Feedrate is 0.5.
S600 Revolution for tap is 600RPM.
D0.5 Dwell 0.5 sec for rotating direction changing to reverse.
M51 Brake release.
G28 W0 Sub spindle retracts.
Next is parts eject by use pneumatic ejection device. Refer to machine manual to use
this device setting and working, maintenance. When the parts ejection, move to the
T2800 position. The sub spindle goes to the parts receiver beside the back tool post.
N90 T2800 (EJECT) ;

G0 Z200.0 ; Make properly position to eject the parts.
M4 S200 ; For prevent the interruption out parts.
M21 ; Sub collet chuck open.
M78 ; Forward pusher of the ejection.
M28 ; Air blowing
G4 P1000 ; Dwell
M79 ; Return pusher.
M18 ; Parts conveyor works.
M5 ; Sub spindle stop.
G28 W0 ; Sub spindle retract.
T2100 ; Sub spindle positioning for cut off.
6-61

13) Cut off.
Cut off process is processing Head1 and Head2 simultaneously. Look under process.
HEAD1 HEAD2
N99 T0101 M3 S3000 (CUT OFF) ; N99 ;

Start cut off
M550 ; M550 ;
G50 W-2.0 ; (Positioning position) M4 S3000 ;
G00 X13.0 Z25.0 ; G0 Z25.0 ;
Cut off
M560 ; G98 G1 Z5.0 F2000 ;
M20 ; M560 ;
G99 G01 X-2.0 F0.03 ; M570 ;
Cut off finish
M570 ; G28 W0 ;
M95 ; M5 ;
Cut off process needs
/ M92 ; M30;
minimum three mutual
M96 ;
(Process finish) waiting codes. It is cut off
G50 W2.0 ;
start and preparing cut off,
M11 S500 ;
cutoff finish. M550, M560,
G4 P500 ;
M570 are applied in this
G0 Z-0.2 ;
program.
M97 ;
M30 ;
Mutual waiting (M500~M599) : This use to match the process of Head1 and Head2.
It is waiting for until to meet the same Maaa if which program meets a Maaa in the H1
and H2 program. Finally, it is simultaneously go to the next block if there have same
Maaa in the both program.
M550 in above Head2 program, finished process is waiting for H1 of M550. If Head1
process is finished, the both process will be going to next block when meet the M550.
M560 and M570 is also same process.
This program became to start cut off preparing after M550 and it do at the M560.
When the cut off finished, go to M570
62

H1 N99 Process number. No meaning.
H1 T0101 Cut off bite.
H1 M3 Rotating code.
H1 S3000 Cut off RPM is 3,000.
H1 M550 Mutual waiting code. Cutoff process start from here. For safety, tool
T0101 is called before M550.
H1 G50 Coordinate shift for cutoff bit width.
H1 W-2.0 This means 2.0mm of cutoff bite width.
H1 G0 Rapid traverses.
H1 X13.0 Approaching to 0.5mm from material.
H1 Z25.0 Parts length and cutoff position.
H1 M560 Finished cutoff preparing. If H2 is finished preparing, go to next block
together.
H1 M20 Close sub chuck by H1 side command. This way is easier to
programming. Sub spindle come to proper position and both are met
the M560, sub chuck is closed just before cutoff.
H1 G99 Be sure to designate G99 or G98 before G1 although there is already
G99 mode.
H1 G1 Start cutting feed for cutoff.
H1 X-2.0 If there is not consideration of the tool nose compensation, the X0.0 is
finishing position of cutoff. But the cutoff bite has slant portion and
make good face of end of parts. X-axis position has to move to the -
2.0mm. Actual position will be 1.0mm under the material.
H1 F0.03 Cutoff feedrate.
H1 M570 This is mutual waiting for sub spindle retreat after cutoff finishing.
H1 M95 Bar feeder checks start. If there is no signal ‘End Of Bar’, the
process skips the “/” block.
H1 / M92 This is same function as M98 P9002. If there is signal “End Of Bar’, it
will execute the sub program O9002.
H1 M96 Bar feed checks end.
H1 G50 Coordinate shift off. It is better to write after M96 block. If it is not, bar
feeder program receive the effect in case cutoff bite is compensated
to U direction. There is no problem if geometric offset used.
H1 W2.0 Return as amount as previous shift.
H1 M11 Main chuck open and Z-axis arrange for next cycle.
H1 S500 This low RPM prevent a scratch on the material with spindle when the
6-63

head stock move back during chuck open.
H1 G4 After chuck open, the dwell needs to overcome the time difference of
bar feeder works simultaneously.
H1 P500 Give minimum 0.5sec.
H1 G0 Back to Z-axis origin. The material do not move although chuck is
opened because the cutoff bite has been blocking it. Bar feeder is
always pushing the material.
H1 Z-0.2 Z-axis is given same distance with G150 value of head of program.
H1 M97 Cut parts counter.
H1 M30 Program end and cursor return to program head.
H2 N99 This is process number and no meaning.

H2 M550 Sub spindle is arranged with guide bush and material by previous
T2100 command. Sub chuck is opened after parts ejection. M550
goes over cutoff preparation process with Head1 simultaneously. Sub
spindle move the chucking position for cutoff.
H2 M4 Sub spindle has to rotate same direction with Main spindle M3. Head
of M4 is same direction with Head1 M3.
H2 S3000 Cutoff revolution speed has to same Head1 and Head2.
H2 G0 Rapid approaching to the near position of chucking. Sub spindle
location is Z210.0 at the first. It rapidly traverses to parts for the
waiting cutoff.
H2 Z25.0 This distance can calculate but it is not required accurate distance.
H2 G98 Sub spindle move rapidly to the clamping position. The impaction of
crashing is making very serious program when it move rapidly. If the
sub spindle is moved cut speed, it will stop and make alarm when it is
received high load even though it is a little bit rapid movement. G98
keeps the constant speed that is not concerned RPM variation.
H2 G1 Cutting speed.
H2 Z5.0 Clamping position. This position can calculate and designate by
discretion when the set up.
H2 F2000 This is a feedrate to go the clamping position.
H2 M560 Mutual waiting for cutoff. Cutoff process starts at Head1 side after
M560.
H2 M570 Waiting for cutoff finishing. When the cutoff is finished, Head1 also
meet M580.
H2 G28 W0 Sub spindle retracts. Sub spindle is holding the cut parts of Head1
64

side.
H2 M5 Sub spindle stops.
H2 M30 Program cycle finished. Cursor returns to head of program.
Generally, head2 program is going slowly to catch the parts for cutoff, but if the sub
spindle is long distance from the parts then rapid move to approach at the parts closely.
(Here close to Z25.0.) The reason is that outer bite has broken if a part is not cut
perfectly because sub spindle have possibility crashing with outer bite when it move
rapidly. Crashing is making the out of machine accuracy. But sub spindle is moved to
catch the parts by cutting speed; the machine makes an alarm instead of crash or
makes bad parts. The location of sub spindle after rapid traverse is not over the end of
parts. Let’s see calculate the catch point and approaching point of sub spindle through
under the picture.
First considered things,

reference line (material face
of cutoff bite) is 14mm apart
from sub spindle origin
point. (12 and 20 machines
is 14mm and 26 and 32 is
18mm apart.)
The width of cutoff bite is
2mm and sub spindle is
7.0mm away from the cutoff
place to catch the parts.
This location is 9mm away
from reference line. (7.0 +
cutoff bite width 2.0)
6-65

Sub chuck is special type 10mm longer
than standard that is said at p.3-2. If the
catch point distance get from standard chuck,
has to add 10.0mm to the got position.
Let's calculate the location of sub spindle
to go by G0 rapid traverse. The rapid travel
maximum limit is Z13.0 and the position will
be Z23.0 because it is 10mm longer special
chuck as like under picture. So sub spindle
goes rapidly to the Z25.0.
Next we pictured as under to calculate the catch position. Sub spindle is going to
9.0mm apart from reference line that Z-axis coordinate position is Z-5.0. There will be
Z5.0 that is added 10.0mm because of special chuck.
66

We have been written an example of program until here. Though there is difficulty, we
hope this study will help to increase your programming skill.
6-67

14) Whole program
[HEAD1]
O0001 ; G1 X5.5 Z0.2 F0.03 ;

M90001 ; Z5.5 F0.025 ;
M7 ; G2 X4.5 Z6.0 R0.5 F0.02 ;
G40 G18 ; G1 X4.1 W0.2 ;
/ M08 ; G0 Z-2.0 ;
M11; ;
G4 P500 ; N50 T1111 (TAP M5P0.8) ;
G300 X-2.0 Z32.0 T0101 ; G0 Z-2.0 ;
G150 Z-0.2 ; G184 Z16.5 D0.5 S600 F0.8 ;
M10 ; ;
G0 X50.0 Z-2.0 ; N60 T0202 M3 S3000 (TURN R0.2) ;
; G0 X13.0 Z-0.2 ;
N10 T0202 M3 S3000 ; X[6.6-0.117*2] ;
G0 X13.0 Z0.0 ; G1 Z[1.5+0.059*2] X10.0 F0.05 ;
G99 G1 X-1.0 F0.05 ; Z10.0 F0.08 ;
G0 X50.0 Z-2.0 ; G4 P100 ;
; X[11.4-0.117*2] F0.05 ;
N20 T1414 M3 S3000 ; X12.4 W[0.5+0.059*2] F0.03;
G0 Z-2.0 ; G0 X60.0 ;
G1 Z2.0 F0.04 ; M05 ;
G4 P200 ; ;
G0 Z-2.0 ; N70 T0808 (ENDMILL D5.0) ;
; G50 W-13.5 ;
N30 T1313 M3 S3500 (DRILL D4.3) ; M50 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ; G0 C0 ;
G1 Z18.3 F0.04 ; M82 ;
G4 P200 ; M23 S2000 ;
G0 Z-2.0 ; G0 X20.0 Y-7.0 Z14.0 ;
; X10.0 ;
N40 T1200 M3 S3000 (BORE D4.0 G1 Y7.0 F0.05 ;
R0.2) ; G0 X20.0 ;
T12 ; Y-7.0 ;
G0 X6.9 Z-0.5 ; M83 ;
68

G0 C180.0 ; G1 X8.0 F0.04 ;
M82 ; G4 P100 ;
X10.0 ; G0 X13.0 ;
G1 Y7.0 F0.05 ; M83 ;
G0 X60.0 ; H180.0 ;
M83 ; M82 ;
M25 ; G1 X8.0 F0.04 ;
M51; G4 P100 ;
G50 W13.5 ; G0 X60.0 ;
; ;
N80 T0303 M3 S2000 (GROOVE T2.0); N110 T0909 (DRILL D3.0) ;
G0 X13.0 Z10.0; M23 S4000 ;
G1 X7.5 F0.04; G0 X13.0 Z14.0 ;
G4 P200; G1 X0.0 F0.04 ;
G0 X60.0; G0 X13.0 ;
; M83 ;
N90 T0404 M3 S1200 (M10 P1.5) ; H180.0 ;
G50 W-1.0 ; M82 ;
G0 X14.0 Z-2.67 ; G1 X0.0 F0.04 ;
G92 X9.3 Z8.83 F1.5 ; G0 X60.0 ;
X8.8 ; M83 ;
X8.48 ; M25 ;
X8.28 ; M51;
X8.16 ; G50 W16.0 ;
X8.06 ; ;
G0 X60.0 ; N120 T0505 M3 S3000 (BACK TURN);
G50 W1.0 ; G50 W-2.0;
M5 ; G0 X13.0 Z17.5;
; G41 G1 X12.4 F0.1;
N100 T0707 (90DEG CENTER) ; X11.4 Z18.0 F0.03;
G50 W-16.0 ; X10.0 F0.04;
M50 ; G4 P100;
G0 C90.0 ; Z24.0 F0.06;
M82 ; X7.6 Z25.2 F0.03;
M23 S3000 ; X13.0 F1.0;
G0 X13.0 Z14.0 ; G50 W2.0;
6-69

G40 G0 X60.0;
;
N99 T0101 M3 S3000 (CUT OFF) ; M550 ;
G50 W-2.0 ;
G00 X13.0 Z25.0 ;
M560 ;
M20 ;
G99 G01 X-2.0 F0.03 ;
M570 ;
M95 ;
/ M92 ;
M96 ;
G50 W2.0 ;
M11 S500 ;
G4 P500 ;
G0 Z-0.2 ;
M97 ;
M30 ;
70

[HEAD2]
O0001 ; G0 Z200.0 ;
G40 G18 ; M4 S200 ;
G310 Z210.0 T2100 ; M21 ;
; M78 ;
N10 T2424 M3 S3000 (CENTER) ; M28 ;
G0 Z2.0 ; G4 P1000 ;
G99 G1 Z-4.5 F0.04 ; M79 ;
G4 P100 ; M18 ;
G28 W0 ; M5 ;
; G28 W0 ;
N20 T2525 M3 S5000 (DRILL D2.6) ; T2100 ;
G0 Z2.0 ; ;
G1 Z-9.0 F0.03 ; N99 ;
G28 W0 ; M550 ;
M5 ; M4 S3000 ;
; G0 Z25.0 ;
N30 T2626 (TAP M3P0.5) ; G98 G1 Z5.0 F2000 ;
M50 ; M560 ;
G0 Z3.0 ; M570 ;
G184 Z-9.0 F0.5 S600 D0.5 ; G28 W0 ;
M51 ; M5 ;
G28 W0 ; M30
;
N90 T2800 (EJECT) ;
7-71

Appendix
Example for off-center drill.

Off-center drill is on the tool of Head2 side but machining is doing at the Head2 side. Its works is not
only possible in the superimposed control mode but can available on the mutual waiting using.
Z30.0 M5 ; N10 ;
; HEAD1 M500 ; HEAD2
M50 ; M510 ;
G0 C0 ; T2222 ;
M82 ; M4 S3000 ;
M510 (T22 DRILL) ; G0 X-7.0 Z1.0 ;
M520 ; G99 G1 Z-0.5 F0.025 ;
M83 ; G4 P50 ;
G4 P500 ; Z-8.0 F0.05 ;
G0 H180.0 ; G4 P100 ;
M82 ; G0 Z1.0 ;
M530 (T22&T23 TAP) ; M520 ;
M540 ; M530 ;
M83 ; G1 Z-0.5 F0.025 ;
G4 P500 ; G4 P50 ;
G0 H-180. ; Z-8.0 F0.05 ;
M82 ; G4 P100 ;
M550 (T23) ; G28 W0 ;
M560 ; M5 ;
M83 ; T2323 ;
G4 P500 ; G0 Z1.0 X-7.0 ;
M51 ; G184 Z-5.0 F0.5 S600 P500 ;
G0 Z0. ; M540 ;
M550 ;
G184 Z-5.0 F0.5 S600 P500 ;
G28 W0 ;
M560
M5
72

Operating panel
Operating panel is consists of some software toggling switch (ON/ OFF).

To find the screen, press [OFFSET/SETTING] button and press soft button under the screen for search the
[OPER] button.
OPERATOR’S PANEL O ____ N ____
OPT.STOP ■ OFF ON
BLK. SKIP OFF ■ ON
MC.LOCK ■ OFF ON
WARMUP ■ OFF ON
WK.COUNT ■ OFF ON
PW.OFF ■ OFF ON
ZRN MODE ■ OFF ON
※ OPT STOP ( OPTional STOP)

If this function is on, process is stopped when meet the ‘M01’ in the program. When the ‘START’ button
is pressed, process is continued again. This function makes spindle stop so ‘M01” location should
carefully use.
※ Block Skip
There is slash (/) on the head of block and ‘BLK.SKIP’ is on, the block is skipped.
※ MC LOCK( MaChine LOCK)

When the auto cycle function execute if this function is on, all process is working except axis movement.
Coordinated position also change. This function usually uses finding the grammatical error of the program.
※ WARM UP
If this function is used, all of detecting signal is become to invalidity. If this function is On, auto cycle
could be executed on the bar feeder manual mode.
※ WK COUNT ( WorK COUNT)

If this function is ON, parts counter is increased one by one when meet the M97 in the program.
※ PW. OFF( auto PoWer OFF)

If this function is ON, the power is off when happens the alarm during auto cycling and parts counter is
completed, after set time end.
7-73

Cutting reference table
Below tables are elementary data, if you want more detail data, referring to toolmaker data
sheet.
● Cutting speed
Cutting speed(m/min) L/D Cutting rate
Material Outer diameter cut Hole cut 1 80%
Rotary bush Fixed bush Drill Reamer 2 70%
Brass 200~350(250) 120~200 40~60 8~14 3 60%
Aluminum 200~400(300) 100~180 40~80 6~20 4 50%
Free cutting steel
(SUM) 150~250(200) 90~150 30~50 5~15 5 40%
Structural Carbon Steel 100~200(150) 80~120 15~30 4~12 6 30%
Carbon Tool steel ( L= cutting length
120~200(160) 60~120 15~30 4~12
D= Inner diameter)
Alloy steel 80~180(140) 60~100 10~20 3~8
Alloy tool steel 60~120(100) 50~80 10~20 3~8
Stainless steel 80~160(120) 50~100 15~25 3~8
Stainless steel(Free) 60~120(80) 35~60 9~15 3~8
High hardness steel 30~50(40) 30~40 6~9
● Cutting feed
Cutting feed (㎛ / rev)
Outer cutting Internal
Material Hole cutting
X Axis Z Axis cutting
A B A B A B Φ 1~2 Φ 2~5 Φ 5~12
Brass 30 50 30 80 20 40 10~50 50~100 100~200
Aluminum 30 50 40 80 25 40 50~60 50~100 100~200
Free cutting steel 15 30 30 100 20 40 50~60 60~100 80~180
Structural Carbon Steel 15 30 20 60 15 30 50~60 60~100 80~180
Carbon Tool steel 15 30 20 60 15 30 50~60 60~100 80~180
Alloy steel 10 20 20 60 15 30 30~50 40~100 80~120
Alloy tool steel 10 15 20 40 15 25 30~50 40~60 80~120
Stainless steel 10 15 20 80 15 30 30~60 50~80 100~150
Stainless steel(Free) 10 15 20 60 10 25 30~50 40~60 80~120
High hardness steel 10 15 20 50 10 20
Remark, A: Fixed guide bush used, cutting depth quantity 2 mm below
B: Rotary guide bush used, cutting depth quantity 6 mm below
74

REV2.0
● Thread cutting ( By thread bite)

[Non ferrous]
Pitch 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.5 3.0
Height(mm) 0.32 0.45 0.52 0.65 0.81 0.97 1.13 1.3 1.62 1.95
1st 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.40
2nd 0.07 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.35 0.36
3rd 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.30
4th 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.25
time
5th 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.20

Repeat
6th 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.15

7th 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.12
8th 0.05 0.05 0.07
9th 0.03 0.05
10th 0.03
11th 0.02
[Ferrous]
Pitch 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.5 3.0
Height(mm) 0.32 0.45 0.52 0.65 0.81 0.97 1.13 1.3 1.62 1.95
1st 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.35
2nd 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.23
3rd 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.19
4th 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.16
5th 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.15
6th 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.13
time
7th 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11

8th 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.11
9th 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.09
Repeat
10th 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.08

11th 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
12th 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.06
13th 0.02 0.04 0.06
14th 0.03 0.05
15th 0.02 0.05
16th 0.04
17th 0.02
7-75

RPM 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 1500 2000 2500 3000
Lead
(mm) δ 1,δ 2
grade
δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2 δ 1 δ 2
(㎜)
0.30 1 0.14 0.05 0.18 0.07 0.28 0.10 0.37 0.14 0.46 0.17 0.55 0.20 0.68 0.25 0.91 0.33 1.13 0.42 1.36 0.50
0.40 1 0.20 0.07 0.26 0.09 0.39 0.14 0.52 0.18 0.65 0.22 0.78 0.27 0.97 0.33 1.29 0.44 1.62 0.55 1.94 0.66
0.60 1 0.31 0.10 0.41 0.14 0.62 0.20 0.82 0.27 1.03 0.33 1.23 0.40 1.54 0.50 2.05 0.66 2.56 0.83 3.07 0.99
1 0.39 0.52 0.78 1.04 1.30 1.56 1.96 2.61 3.26 3.91
0.75 0.13 0.17 0.25 0.33 0.42 0.50 0.62 0.83 1.04 1.24
2 0.35 0.46 0.69 0.91 1.44 1.37 1.71 2.28 2.84 3.41
1 0.56 0.75 1.12 1.49 1.86 2.23 2.79 3.71 4.64 5.57
1.00 0.17 0.22 0.33 0.44 0.55 0.66 0.83 1.10 1.38 1.65
2 0.50 0.66 0.99 1.32 1.64 1.97 2.47 3.29 4.11 4.03
1 0.72 0.96 1.44 1.91 2.39 2.87 3.58 4.77

1.25 0.21 0.28 0.42 0.55 0.69 0.83 1.04 1.38
2 0.64 0.86 1.28 1.71 2.13 2.56 3.19 4.26
76
1 0.90 1.20 1.79 2.39 2.99 3.58 4.48 5.97
1.50 0.25 0.33 0.50 0.66 0.83 0.99 1.24 1.65
2 0.80 1.07 1.60 2.13 2.67 3.20 4.00 5.33
N≤ 3000 x lead
1 1.21 1.62 2.42 3.23 4.04 4.85 6.06
● Imperfect thread length table when thread cutting
2.00 0.33 0.44 0.66 0.88 1.10 1.32 1.65

2 1.10 1.47 2.20 2.93 3.36 4.39 5.48
1 1.55 2.07 3.11 4.14 5.18 6.21
2.50 0.42 0.55 0.83 1.10 1.37 1.65
2 1.41 1.88 2.81 3.75 4.68 5.62
1 1.92 2.56 3.81 5.12 6.40

3.00 0.50 0.66 0.99 1.32 1.65
δ 2: Imperfect thread length of end
2 1.75 2.33 3.49 4.65 5.81

δ 1: Imperfect thread length of start
4.00 2 2.12 0.66 3.23 0.88 4.85 1.32 6.46 1.76

5.00 2 3.09 0.83 4.12 1.10 6.18 1.65

REV2.0
C2.0x30°
Let calculate the start point and end point of C2.0x30°.
If the machining is start from left, X(S) and Z(S) is start point, X(E) and Z(E) is end point. We
only need calculation about X(S) because we already know Z(S)=5.0, X(E)=13.0, Z(E)=7.0.
Tangent
Tangent is slant rate. Mathematics’ symbol is “TAN” or “tan” and calculator use “TAN”.
tanα=
A
B
If the angle is α, the slant rate is A/B. Slant is height (A) per base (B).
According above drawing, α=30°, B=2.0.

Height is A=BxTAN(α)=2TAN(30). The result will be A=1.155.
So, X(S)=X(E)-Ax2 = 13.0-1.155*2=10.69.
G1 X10.69 ;
[HEAD2] M570
[HEAD1] M54 / M95
1-M79, 2-M50, 3-
5장
G96 / G4 / G4
/ W2.0, 3-G92, 4-
1-G300, 2-G50 / G1
4장
1-3, 2-2
3장
1-2, 2-3, 3-2, 4-3
2장
Test Answer
X13.0 W2.0 ;
7-77

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Beginner course of

이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

● 12Machines – XP12, SL12Se, SL12S, SL12H

This textbook is described based on XD20H, different parts/component according to

New terms are written large letter.

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When a mini-computer appears, it becomes NC that has included a mini computer.

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1) Head stock sliding machine

3) Control axis number

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5) Collet chuck, Guide bush, Sub collet chuck

Main Collet chuck

Sun collet chuck

6) Milling by driven tool

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이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

1. Which is not another name of CNC automatic lathe? ( )

2. Which is right answer? ( )

3. Which is not a fact? ( )

4. Which is not a fact? ( )

이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

3) The name of each axis.

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X-axis: the center of material

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Absolute method: Their axis name use as X, Y, Z, C.

① G00 X30.0 Z20.0;

② G00 X30.0 Z20.0;

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We use the metric system, so standard unit is mm.

Traverse speed commanding method is as following.

① Traverse per revolution (Unit: mm/rev)

예) G99 G01 X10.0 F0.03 ;

② Traverse per minute (Unit: mm/min)

예) G98 G01 X10.0 F120 ;

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Instead of geometric offset, it can compensate a tool shape or location by ‘G50’

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이름:정원식/부서:공기해외영업팀/출력시간:2008-04-22 14:54 이 문서는 보안문서로서 승인없이 반출함을 금합니다.

1. Which is not true? ( )

2. Which is right answer? ( )

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G code grouping: G00, G01, G02,

Linear traverse: G00 X[U]___; or G00 Z[W]___;

G00 X10.0; Rapid traverse is moved from present to X10.0.

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Linear traverse: G01 X[U]___ F___ ; or G01 Z[W]___;

Linear interpolation code of cutting traverse is G01 or G1. Cutting traverse is

* The start is from present position of X10.0 Z1.0.

* The start is from present position of X10.0 Z5.0.

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Clock wise direction: G02 X___ Z___ R___ F___;

The direction of cutting traverse is as follows.

It is used G02 or G03 according to circular direction of tool.

G01 X-1.0 F0.05

Until above explanation is about G00/G01/G02/G03 of ‘G’ group. If there is declared

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Address U use : G04 U___ ;

It is waited a designated time and passing next block.

Linear traverse: G00 X[U]_; or G00 Z[W]_;

Linear traverse: G01 X[U]_ F_ ; or G01 Z[W]___;

Clock wise direction: G02 X_ Z_ R_ F_;

Strait thread : G32 Z(W)_ F_ ;

Straight thread : G92 X(U)_ Z(W)_ F___ ;

G50 W; or G50 U; ( Possible: G50 V;)