Work-Sheet for Surveying – I course

2022/23
JIMMA UNIVERSITY
JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF CIVILAND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
CIVIL DEPARTMENT
WORKSHEET FOR SURVEYING-I

PART-I: DESCUSION PART

1. Briefly discuss:
a) The general methods of leveling
b) Temporary adjustment of leveling
c) Types of meridian
d) Azimuth and Bearing
e) Types of traverse
2. a) Among the methods for horizontal distance measurement, list any three and
indicate where it is employed. What are the factors for choice of method of
horizontal distance measurement?

b) In applying surveying operation in horizontal distance measurement, it is

necessary to erect a perpendicular line to a survey line. Describe the method
and its procedures to set out a perpendicular by dropping a perpendicular line
from a point to a survey line.

PART II: CHOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. A theodolite can measure?
(a) difference in level. (b) bearing of a line. (c) zenith angle. (d) all the
above.
2. The error in the horizontal circle readings, is due to?
(a) the late axis bubble not being parallel to the line of collimation.
(b) the line of sight not being parallel to the telescope axis.
(c) the line of collimation not being perpendicular to the trunion axis.
(d) none of the above.
3. The error in the horizontal circle readings due the line of collimation not being
perpendicular to the trunion axis is eliminated by?
(a) taking readings on the different parts of the horizontal circle.
(b) taking readings on both the faces.
(c) removing the parallax. d) transiting the telescope.
4. If the departure and latitude of a line are + 78.0 m and – 135.1 m, respectively, the
whole circle azimuth of the line is
(a) 150°. (b) 30°. (c) 60°. (d) 120°.
5. If the departure and latitude of a line are + 78.0 m and – 135.1 m, respectively, the
length of then line is?

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Work-Sheet for Surveying – I course
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(a) 213.1 m. (b) 57.1 m. (c) 156.0 m. (d) none of the
above.
6. Transit rule of balancing a traverse is applied when?
(a) the linear and angular measurements are of same precision.
(b) the linear measurements are more precise than the angular measurements.
(c) the angular measurements are more precise than the linear measurements.
(d) the linear measurements are proportional to l and the angular measurements
are proportional
PART THREE: WORKOUT PART

3. A surveying operation was made to determine the horizontal distance between

two points, which are obstructed by a pond area.
The measurement was using a 50m tape having weight of 0.06Kg/m and
cross sectional area of 0.0485cm2 standardized at a temperature of 20 0C, pull
of 11kg and supported at two ends. The field measurement was made at a
temperature of 320C, pull of 120N and supported at two ends. What is the
correct horizontal distance between two ends A and B?
USE: E =2.1*106Kg/cm2.
 =11.2*10-6/0C

A C POND E B

MEASURED DISTANCES
LINE DISTANCE (m)
AC 42.46
CD 27.56
DE 78.9
EB 39.4

1. Discuss the effect of curvature and refraction in leveling. Find the correction
due to each and the combined correction. Why are these effects ignored in
ordinary leveling?
2. Explain why it is necessary to keep the level midway between back sight and
fore sight readings.
3. Explain in detail how profile leveling is conducted for route alignment. Draw a
typical longitudinal section.
4. What do you understand by cross-section leveling? Explain how it is
conducted. Draw a typical cross- section.
5. a) Explain fully the process of reciprocal leveling and state its advantages.
b) Explain how reciprocal leveling eliminates the effect of earth’s curvature,
atmospheric refraction and non-adjustment of the line of collimation.

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6. What are the common difficulties generally faced in leveling? How would you
overcome them?
7. A rectangular parcel of land of 315m X 750m is required to be established. A
30m tape was calibrated & found to measure 30.03m. What measurements
must be laid off on the ground?

8. A line was measured with a 30m long steel tape at 150c & with a pull of 100N.
What is the correction per tape length if the temperature at the time of
measurement was 220c & the pull exerted was 150N? The weight of steel is
0.0768N/cm3, the weight of the tape is 8N, the modulus of elasticity of the
tape material is 2.1*107N/cm2 & its coefficient of linear expansion is 7.0*10-
7
/10c.
9. A base line AB was measured in two parts AC & CB of lengths 1540m &
1919m with a steel tape which was exactly 30m at 200c at a pull of 10Kg. The
applied pull during measurement of both parts was 25kg whereas respective
temperatures were 400c & 450c. The slopes of the ground for the two parts
were 2040’ & 3010’ and the deflection angle of CB was 110 right Find the
correct length of the base line. The X-section area of the tape is 0,025cm2,
the coefficient of linear expansion & modulus of elasticity of tape material are
2.5*10-6/10c & 2.1*106kg/cm2, respectively.

10.The length of steel tape was found exactly 30m at a temperature of 300C
under pull of 5Kg when lying on the flat platform. The tape is stretched over
two supports between which the measured distance is 30.000m. There are
two additional supports in between equally spaced. All the supports are the
same level and the tape is allowed to sag freely between the supports.
Calculate the actual length between the two outer supports and the reduced
length at mean sea-level, if the mean temperature during the measurement
was 370C and the pull applied was 9Kg. The average elevation of the terrain is
945m.
Weight of the tape=1.50kg.
Area of cross-section of the tape=6.5mm2
Coefficient of linear expansion=1.2X10-5 per 0C
Modulus of elasticity of tape= 2.1*106kg/cm2.
R=6372Km.

11.The following readings were observed successively with a leveling instrument.

The instrument was shifted after 5th and 11th readings:
0.485,1.020,1.785,3.395,3.875,0.360,1.305,1.785,2.675,3.385,3.885,1.835,
0.435, 1.705.
Draw up a page of level book and determine the R.L of various points by
rise & fall method, if the R.L of the point on which the first reading was
taken is 264.350m.

12.A back sight of 3.105m is taken on a point 500m from the level. A fore sight
of 2.055m is taken on a point 220m from the level. Compute the correct
difference in elevation between the two points, taking into account the effect
of atmospheric refraction & earth’s curvature on the line of sight?

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Work-Sheet for Surveying – I course
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13.The following is the page of a level book. Fill the missing readings & calculate
the R.L of all the points. Apply the usual checks?

S.No. B.S IFS FS Rise Fall R.L Remarks

1 3.150 ***
2 1.770 *** 0.700 ***
3 2.200 *** ***
4 *** 1.850 *** ***
5 2.440 0.010 ***
6 *** *** 1.100 ***
7 1.185 2.010 *** 222.200
8 1.735 *** ***
9 *** 1.685 0.050 ***
10 1.525 0.805 ***
sum 12.055

14.Reciprocal type of leveling was applied to determine the elevation difference

between two opposite banks (A&B) of a river 824m apart. The following
readings were taken.

Instrument Rod-reading
station A(B.S)(m) B(F.S)(m)
A 2.652 2.233
B 1.521 0.893
The elevation of point A= 100m.ams.l

Determine * The elevation difference b/n two opposite banks of a river.

* The collimation error & total error
* Elevation of point B.

15.In the construction of a pipeline it is necessary to excavate a trench with a

1m width. The ground configuration was plotted using the rod readings taken
at stations with 20m intervals and some selected points as given under. The
invert level (elevation of bottom of pipe) at station A is 100m amsl. The pipe
should be aligned with an even lowering gradient of 1 in 200 starting from
station A. (Neglect thickness of pipe).

Work out
* The reduced level of points along the pipeline,
* Depth of cut or fill required at each station,
* Provide arithmetic checks.

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Work-Sheet for Surveying – I course
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Chainage(m) Station BS(m) IFS/IS(m) FS(m) Remark
0+00 A 2.390 BM(RL=100m)
0+20 B 0.910
0+40 C 0.540
0+46.8 D 0.320
0+60 E 1.490
0+80 F 1.980
0+94.1 G 2.210 2.190
1+00 H 1.410
1+20 I 0.990
1+40 J 0.750
1+49 K 0.920
1+60 L 1.100 1.210
1+80 M 1.010
1+86.9 N 2.090
16. (Lab Based Problem) Stadia leveling were applied in determining the elevation
of points in a given route. The field operation was conducted using an internal
focusing theodolite with stadia interval factor 100. The observed readings on the
upper, middle, lower cross hairs and the vertical angles are recorded for each back
sight and foresight observations. Elevation of point A is 1000m amsl.
Determine: * The elevation of all points.
* Put results in the stadia level notebook.
* Horizontal distance between stations and the first and last station.
Back sight Fore sight
Rod reading Rod reading
Statio Vertical Vertical
Uppe
n Middle Lower angle Upper Middle Lower angle
r
A 1.73 1.02 0.31 +1015’ - - - -
B 1.70 0.90 0.10 +2038’ 2.3 1.7 1.1 -3027’
C 1.36 0.80 0.24 -5052 1.7 1.4 1.1 -5040’
0
D 2.73 2.11 1.49 +3 23’ 1.25 0.78 0.31 +5052’
Below
E 0.60 0.2 -16030’ 2.77 2.05 1.33 -3005’
ground
Below
F - - - - 0.91 0.25 +10008’
ground

17. A field survey is conducted to determine the area of a given plot. Distance
and direction of lines was measured with theodolite and as given under. The
coordinate of point A is (0,0).

Line Azimuth Length

(m)
AB 1060 152
BC 3560 60
CD 2820 47
DE 2990 81
EA 2000 71

Determine: The departure and latitude.

Adjust the traverse by compass rule.
Coordinates of traverse stations.

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Work-Sheet for Surveying – I course
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18. In the fig below it is necessary to apply traversing to determine the area
bounded between straight boundaries on a uniformly sloping ground rising
1in 60. The adjusted distance of straight lines between the stations is
determined. The adjusted azimuth of all straight traverse lines is also given.
Compute * The total area bounded by straight lines DE, EA, AB, BC, CD.
Using Area by coordinates
Using Area by triangles
and DMD and latitude for straight boundaries.

Line Bearing Length (m)

AB N 9030’W 137.864
BC N 56055’W 101.462
CD S 56013’W 135.736
DE S 2002’E 114.126
EA S89031’E 216.542

19. The following data were collected while running a closed traverse ABCDA.
Calculate the missing data and determine the area by Triangle, Coordinate and
Double Area method?

Bearing here is as Azimuth

Good luck!
Prepared by: Mesfin D.G
(MSc.)

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