Early modern and the industrial age

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Baroque architecture: The Château de Maisons (France),
by François Mansart, 1630–1651





 
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Rococo architecture: The pièce de la vaisselle d'or (Palace of
Versailles, Versailles, France)





 
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Neoclassical architecture: The west facade of the Petit
Trianon (Versailles), 1764, by Ange-Jacques Gabriel





 
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Historicist architecture (in this case Gothic Revival): Interior
of the All Saints (London), 1850–1859, by William Butter eld





 
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19th century Eclectic Classicist architecture: The Museum of
Ages on Victory Avenue (Bucharest, Romania), late 19th
century, unknown architect



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19th century industrial architecture: Les Halles (Paris),
1850s-destroyed in 1971, by Victor Baltard





 
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Orientalist architecture: The Éden-Théâtre (Paris), early
1880s-demolished in 1895, by William Klein and Albert
Duclos





 
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Revivalist architecture of a national style (in this
case Romanian Revival): The C.N. Câmpeanu House on
Bulevardul Dacia (Bucharest), c. 1923, by Constantin
Nănescu[25]





 
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Beaux-Arts architecture: The CEC Palace on Victory
Avenue (Bucharest), 8 June 1897 – 1900, by Paul
Gottereau[26]





 
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 Art Nouveau architecture: The Entrance of the Castel
Béranger (Paris), 1895–1898, by Hector Guimard




The emerging knowledge in scienti c elds and the rise of

new materials and technology, architecture
and engineering began to separate, and the architect began
to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often
at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There
was also the rise of the "gentleman architect" who usually
dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on
visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes,
typi ed by the many country houses of Great Britain that were
created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish baronial styles. Formal
architectural training in the 19th century, for example at École
des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the
production of beautiful drawings and little to context and
feasibility.
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for
mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a
criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once
within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became
cheaper under machine production.
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental.
Housebuilders could use current architectural design in their
work by combining features found in pattern books and
architectural journals.
Modernism
Main article: Modern architecture
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Early Modern architecture: The Fagus Factory (Alfeld,
Germany), 1911, by Walter Gropius



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Expressionist architecture: The Einstein Tower (Potsdam,
near Berlin, Germany), 1919–1922, by Erich Mendelsohn





 
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Art Deco architecture: The Théâtre des Champs-
Élysées (Paris), 1910–1913, by Auguste Perret





 
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International Style: The Glaspaleis (Heerlen, the
Netherlands), 1934–1935, by Frits Peutz and Philip Johnson