ART NOUVEAU

OUTLINE
Birth of Art Nouveau Introduction: Art Nouveau
-Time & Place -Hallmarks of Art Nouveau Styles -Other names for Art Nouveau -Critical Nicknames

Art Nouveau Architecture

-Features -Pierre Francastel -Stephan Tschudi Madsen

-Art Nouveau Architects and their Works Beginning of Art Deco References

BIRTH OF ART NOUVEAU

The last third of the 19th century saw the development of a fundamentally approach to architecture and interior design. All over Europe there was a need for liberating change of direction, a desire to break away from set formulas based on pastiche of historical styles and a search for original ideas, all of which resulted at the beginning of the 1890s in the birth of Art Nouveau.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau (French for "New Style") was popularized by the famous Maison de l'Art Nouveau (House of New Art), a Paris art gallery operated by Siegfried Bing.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau represents the beginning of modernism in design (Modern Architecture). It occurred at a time when mass-produced consumer goods began to fill the marketplace, and designers, architects, and artists began to understand that the handcrafted work of centuries past could be lost. While reclaiming this craft tradition, art nouveau designers simultaneously rejected traditional styles in favor of new, organic forms that emphasized humanity's connection to nature.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

TIME & PLACE
Art Nouveau art and architecture flourished in major European cities between 1890 and 1914.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

It embraced all forms of art and design: architecture furniture glassware graphic design jewelry painting pottery metalwork textile

This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art into the distinct categories of fine art (painting and sculpture) and applied arts (ceramics,furniture, and other practical objects).

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

HALLMARKS OF ART NOUVEAU STYLE
flat, decorative patterns; intertwined organic forms such as stems or flowers; an emphasis on handcrafting as opposed to machine manufacturing; the use of new materials; and the rejection of earlier styles

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Other names for Art Nouveau: As it moved through Europe, Art Nouveau went through several phases and took on a variety of names. Nieuwe Kunst In Netherland Jugendstil in Germany Arte Joven, in Spain Secession, in Austria Stile Liberty, in Italy

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

CRITICAL NICKNAMES From its earliest appearance, the Art Nouveau was also dubbed with a host of critical nicknames such as: Eel style Noodle style Mutton bone style Dandy style

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

FEATURES Art Nouveau buildings have many of these features: Asymmetrical shapes Extensive use of arches and curved forms Curved glass Curving, plant-like embellishments Mosaics Stained glass Japanese motifs

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Pierre Francastel
divides Art Nouveau into two main tendencies that could broadly termed the organic and the

rationalist

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Rationalist:

Organic:

Mackintosh school
Glasglow, Scotland 1897-1909
-dependent on the straight line

Gaudi house
Barcelona, Spain 1903
-gives precedence to the curved line and floral shapes

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Stephan Tschudi Madsen

(Art Historian)

proposed a more subtle classification, but still relies on an assumed antagonism between four designs

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

In his book Sources of Art Nouveau, he describes for styles:
1. An abstract, structural style with a strong symbolic and dynamic tendency (France & Belgium) (Horta, Guimard, Van de Velde) 2. A floral approach focuding on organic plant forms (Galle, Majorelle, Vallin)

Henry Van de Veldes house

Aquarium Pavillion

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

3. The linear, flat approach, with a heavy symbolic element (Glasglow group, Mackintosh) 4. A structured, geometric style (Austria & Germany) (Wagner, Olbrich, Hoffmann, Loos)

Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Majolikahaus in Vienna by Otto Wagner

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS

Victor Horta
(Belgian architect and designer)
(January 6, 1861 - September 8 1947)

Hotel Tassel
Brussels, Belgium
Construction started 1893 Completed 1894
(1st Art Nouveau Building in the World)

Stairway of Tassel House, Brussels

Htel van Eetvelde

Brussels, Belgium
Construction started 1898 Completed 1900

Htel van Eetvelde office : fireplace

Htel Solvay
Brussels, Belgium
Construction started 1898 Completed 1900

Horta Museum
formerly known as

Maison & Atelier Horta

Brussels, Belgium
Construction started 1898 Completed 1900

Hector Guimard
(French architect)
(Lyon, March 10, 1867 New York, May 20, 1942)

Castel Beranger
Paris, France
1890 circa
multi-familty Building Type housing, apartment building Construction bearing masonry, System brick, cast iron Climate temperate Context urban Notes Graceful asymmetrical wrought iron entry gate, precedent to work of contemporary American blacksmith Albert Paley.

Details of Castel Beranger

Paris Metro Entrances

Paris, France
1899 to 1905
Building Type light rail rapid transit stations

Construction iron and glass System Climate temperate Context urban

Notes Graceful organic forms.

Hotel Guimard
Paris, France
1912

Building Type private residence hotel Construction System cut stone bearing masonry

Climate temperate Context urban Notes Elegant facade with organic detailing.

Louis Sullivan
(American architect)
(September 3, 1856 April 14, 1924)

"father of skyscrapers "father of modernism one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture"

Wainwright Building
Missouri, USA
1890 to 1891
Height: 44.81 meters / 147 feet Stories: 10

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

(British Architect, Interior Designer)

The Light House

Glasglow, Scotland
Completed in 1895

Antonio Gaudi
(Architect, Barcelona)
Gaudi was a Spanish (Catalan) Architect who created complex buildings in that the architecture was considered sculptural as well.
His buildings are considered biomorphic, or organically-shaped. This is possibly a rejection to the coldness that a machine-produced geometric object would create

Casa Mil
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 1905-1907

Casa Battlo
Barcelona, Spain
1905-1907

La Sagrada Familia
(The Holy Family)
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 1882-2026

Parque Gell
Barcelona, Spain
1900 to 1914
Parque Gell, or Guell Park is surrounded by an undulating mosaic wall.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

When Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in the 1920s and 1930s, it was replaced by the clean, simple geometries of Art Deco. The extravagant curves of Art Nouveau were seen as old-fashioned and viewed with contempt.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

Many Art Nouveau products were put away, spurned, or destroyed. Rooms once decorated in what had been the height of fashion were redecorated to conform to the latest taste.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

It was not until nearly half a century later, in 1952, the first comprehensive exhibition devoted to Art Nouveau was organized in Zurich, Switzerland. Present day interest in Art Nouveau, and in particular its widespread appreciation within the last thirty years, has once again firmly established it as an important art movement.

REFERENCES
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/79051493/Art-Nouveau-%28PowerPoint%29 http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Hector_Guimard.html http://architecture.about.com/od/artnouveau/g/artnouveau.htm http://www.mr-oscar-wilde.de/lifetime/art_nouveau.htm#Sullivan http://architecture.about.com/od/greatbuildings/ig/Antoni-Gaud-/Guell-Park.htm KEIICHI TAHARA

Art Nouveau Architecture

Philippine Thiebaut Bruno Girveau 2000 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London ALASTAIR DUNCAN Art Nouveau (170 illustrations, 32 in colour) 1994 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London Art Nouveau (Spirit of the Belle Epoque) by Susan A. Sternau 1996 Todri Production Limited The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design by Nikolaus Pevsner 1968 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London