En286 3

BS EN 286-3:1995
Février/February 1995
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BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
286-3:1995
Simple unfired
pressure vessels
designed to contain air
or nitrogen —
Part 3: Steel pressure vessels designed
for air braking equipment and auxiliary
pneumatic equipment for railway
rolling stock
The European Standard EN 286-3:1994 has the status of a

British Standard
UDC 621.642.02-98:629.8:620.1
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
BS EN 286-3:1995
Cooperating organizations
The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this

European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following Western European countries:
Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut belge de normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standard
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y.
France Association française de normalisation
Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization
Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland
Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund
Portugal Instituto Portuguès da Qualidade
Spain Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación
Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige
Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution
This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publication
15 February 1995
Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 03-2000
The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PVE/17
Draft for comment 89/79813 DC
ISBN 0 580 21841 4

BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
BS EN 286-3:1995
Contents
Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 286-3 5
National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover
National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover
© BSI 03-2000 i
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
BS EN 286-3:1995
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure
Vessel Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of
EN 286-3:1994 Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or
nitrogen — Part 3: Steel pressure vessels designed for air braking equipment and
auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock, published by the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS 3256:1960
which is withdrawn.
EN 286-3 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the
United Kingdom took an active part.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 52, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
ii © BSI 03-2000
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 286-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 1994
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
UDC 621.642.02-98:629.8:620.1
Descriptors: Railway rolling stock, pneumatic equipment, pneumatic brakes, pressure vessels, unalloyed steels, grades: quality, welded
joints, computation, design, production control, tests, assembling, certification
English version
Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or

nitrogen — Part 3: Steel pressure vessels designed for air
braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for
railway rolling stock
Récipients à pression simple, non soumis à la Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter für Luft
flamme, destinés à contenir de l’air ou de oder Stickstoff — Teil 3: Druckbehälter aus
l’azote — Partie 3: Récipients à pression en Stahl für Druckluftbremsanlagen und
acier destinés aux équipements pneumatiques pneumatische Hilfseinrichtungen in
de freinage et aux équipements pneumatiques Schienenfahrzeugen
auxiliaires du matériel roulant ferroviaire
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-09-09. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 286-3:1994 E
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EN 286-3:1994
Foreword Contents
This European Standard was prepared by Page
CEN/TC 54, Unfired pressure vessels, of which the Foreword 2
secretariat is held by BSI.
1 Scope 5
This European Standard has been prepared under a
2 Normative references 6
Mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Commission and the 3 Symbols 7
European Free Trade Association, and supports 4 Materials 8
essential requirements of the EC Directive(s). 5 Design 9
CEN/TC 54 decided to submit the final draft for 6 Inspection and drainage bosses 27
formal vote by its resolution. The result was
positive. 7 Marking 28
8 Corrosion protection 29
This Part is one of a series of four. The other Parts
are: 9 Qualification of welding procedures 29
— Part 1: Design, manufacture and testing; 10 Qualification of welders and
welding operators 29
— Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and
auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their 11 Testing of the vessels 31
trailers; 12 Certification procedures 38
— Part 4: Aluminium alloy pressure vessels 13 Information to be supplied at the time
designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary of invitation to tender and the time
pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock. of order 38
This European Standard shall be given the status of 14 Delivery 38
a national standard, either by publication of an 15 Documentation to accompany the
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by vessel 39
March 1995, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1995. Annex A (normative) Verification 40
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Annex B (normative) Declaration of
Regulations, the following countries are bound to conformity — Surveillance 40
implement this European Standard: Austria, Annex C (normative) Design and
Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, manufacturing schedules 42
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Annex D (normative) Type examination 43
Norway, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom. Annex E (normative) Content of the
manufacturing record 43
Annex F (informative) Assembly to the
vehicles 44
Annex G (informative) Service surveillance
of type A vessels 47
Annex H (informative) Service surveillance
of type B and C vessels 51
Figure 1 — Extrapolation of the
guaranteed energy absorbed at break
at temperature Tmin 9
Figure 2 — Position of longitudinal welds
on the bottom of the shell 10
Figure 3 — Position of longitudinal welds
on the shell 10
Figure 4 — Torispherical end 11
Figure 5 — Theoretical curves for dished
ends 14
Figure 6 — Butt weld with centre lines
aligned 15
2 © BSI 03-2000
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EN 286-3:1994
Page Page
Figure 7 — Butt weld with centre lines Figure 34 — Location of openings 28
offset 15 Figure 35 — Location of identity and
Figure 8 — Butt welds with centre lines service marks 29
offset and connecting slope 15 Figure 36 — Marking plate 30
Figure 9 — Weld of the shell ring to end Figure 37 — Identity and service marks 31
with necked edge 16
Figure 38 — Reinforcement thickness 37
Figure 10 — Weld of the shell ring with
Figure F.1 — Fixing by straps of a vessel
necked edge to an end 16
in the horizontal position 44
Figure 11 — Weld of an inserted end
Figure F.2 — Fixing by straps of a vessel
(type B only) 16
in the vertical position 45
Figure 12 — Position of a hole in an end 17
Figure F.3 — End of straps with angle
Figure 13 — Distance between two brackets 45
welds measured from the end of the
Figure F.4 — End with straps folded
edge preparation 17
and reinforced 45
Figure 14 — Reinforcement of opening 19
Figure F.5 — Ends of straps with welded
Figure 15 — Fixing of a boss by an external bolt 46
weld 20
Figure F.6 — Ends of straps with grooved
Figure 16 — Fixing of a boss by internal welded bolt 46
and external welds 20
Table 1 — Definitions of types of vessel 6
Figure 17 — Fixing of a surface mounted
Table 2 — Height of the cylindrical portion
boss on the outside of the vessel 20
of ends 11
Figure 18 — Fixing of a surface mounted
Table 3 — Diameters and locations of
boss inside a vessel 21
bosses 28
Figure 19 — Fixing of a drainage boss
Table 4 — Amount of testing required for
by an external weld 21
welds made by a non-automatic process 32
Figure 20 — Fixing of a drainage boss by
internal and external welds 21
welds made by an automatic procedure
Figure 21 — Fixing of a drainage boss with with P U Ps 33
drainage groove 22
Figure 22 — Dip tube fixed to an end 22 welds made by an automatic procedure
Figure 23 — Dip tube fixed to the shell with P U 1,25PS 34
of a horizontal vessel 22 Table 7 — Acceptance levels of defects in
Figure 24 — Dip tube fixed to the shell butt-welds, detected by visual examination 36
of a vertical vessel 22 Table 8 — Acceptance levels of defects in
Figure 25 — Dip tube fixed to a top end butt-welds, detected by X-ray examination 36
of a vertical vessel 23 Table 9 — Maximum permissible
Figure 26 — Dip tube fixed to the upper reinforcement for longitudinal and
part of the shell of a horizontal vessel 23 circular welds 37
Figure 27 — Fixing of a dip tube 23 Table 10 — Classification of vessels 38
Figure 28 — Fixing of a dip tube to a boss 23 Table F.1 — Dimensions of straps 46
Figure 29 — Recessed fixing of a dip tube Table G.1 — Service surveillance of
to a boss 24 vessels used at PS k 6 bar 48
Figure 30 — Surface mounted boss with Table G.2 — Service surveillance of
two external welds 24 vessels used at 6 bar < PS k 10 bar 48
Figure 31 — Surface mounted boss with Table G.3 — Annual sampling examination 48
an internal and an external weld 24 Table H.1 — Service surveillance of
Figure 32 — Fixing brackets 25 group 1 vessels 51
Figure 33 — Fixing brackets with Table H.2 — Service surveillance of
reinforcing plates 27 group 2 vessels 51
© BSI 03-2000 3
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
4 blank
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EN 286-3:1994
1 Scope
1.1 This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to
as “vessel” in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for
railway rolling stock (see 1.6).
It defines three types of vessel A, B and C (see Table 1) corresponding to the current practice of European
railway networks.
1.2 The vessels to this standard are:
a) made from a single shell;
b) made from non-alloy steel;
c) fabricated by welding;
d) used at a maximum working pressure of 10 bar;
e) the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre):
50 bar litres < PV k 10 000 bar litres;
f) made of a cylindrical part of circular cross-section called the shell with two outwardly dished
torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This standard therefore does
not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments;
g) calculated with a design pressure P (see 5.1.4.1.2);
h) designed for a working temperature of between – 40 °C and + 100 °C;
i) fastened to the vehicles:
1) by straps for types A and B vessels;
2) by welded brackets for types B and C vessels.
1.3 In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 1 bar of the maximum working pressure is
permitted (10 % of PS).
1.4 This Part of this European Standard applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet
connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel.
1.5 This Part of this European Standard gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design,
fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the
vehicle.
These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper
construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that
the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering
practice.
This Part of this standard gives:
a) in Annex F, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles;
b) in Annex G, recommendations for the service surveillance of type A vessels;
c) in Annex H, recommendations for the service surveillance of types B and C vessels.
1.6 The requirements of this Part of this European Standard apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail
vehicles used on the main national networks, urban networks, underground railways, trams, private
networks (regional railways, company railways, ...).
© BSI 03-2000 5
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EN 286-3:1994
Table 1 — Definitions of types of vessel

Reference
Criterion Type A Type B Type C clause in this
standard
Nominal design stress 0,6ReT or 0,6ReT or 5.1.4.1
f 0,3Rm 0,3Rm
0,3Rm/1,4 with 5.1.4.2
Rm k 360 N/mm2
Radii of curvature of R = Do R = Do 5.1.3.1.1
the end r = 0,1Do r = 0,1Do
R = Do 5.1.3.1.2
r > 0,06Do
Shell ring/end Butt weld or swaged Butt weld or swaged 5.1.5.2.1
assembly end. Full penetration end. Full penetration
weld weld
Inserted end 5.1.5.2.2
Thread of inspection, ISO 228-1 ISO 7-1 ISO 7-1 5.2.1
branch and drainage ISO 261 ISO 228-1 ISO 228-1
boss
ISO 261 ISO 261
Weld of drainage boss Full penetration weld Full penetration Full penetration weld 5.2.4.2
of the vessel wall for weld of the vessel of the vessel wall for
penetrating boss wall for penetrating penetrating boss.
boss. Convex weld Convex weld for
for surface mounted surface mounted boss
boss
Method of fixing to Fixing by steel straps Fixing by straps or Fixing by welded Annex F
the vehicle welded brackets brackets
Service surveillance Annex G Annex H Annex H
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 287-1, Approval testing of welders — fusion welding — Part 1: Steels.
EN 288-1, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 1: General rules
for fusion welding.
EN 288-2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 2: Welding
procedure specification for arc welding.
EN 288-3, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding
procedure tests for the arc welding of steels.
EN 10025, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions.
EN 10045-1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method.
EN 10207, Steels for simple pressure vessels — Technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and bars.
EN 26520, Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations.
ISO 7-1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Designation,
dimensions and tolerances.
ISO 228-1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads — Part 1: Designation,
dimensions and tolerances.
6 © BSI 03-2000
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EN 286-3:1994
ISO 261, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — General plan.
ISO 1101, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and
run-out — Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings.
ISO 1106-1, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints — Part 1: Fusion
welded butt joints in steel plates up to 50 mm thick.
ISO 1106-3, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints — Part 3: Fusion
welded circumferential joints in steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall thickness.
ISO 5173, Fusion welded butt joints in steel — Transverse root and face bend test.
3 Symbols
For the purpose of this standard, the following symbols apply:
A Elongation at rupture %
Afb Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the boss mm2
Afp Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the reinforcing plate mm2
Afs Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the shell mm2
Ap Area of the pressurized zone mm2
c Absolute value of the minus rolling tolerance for sheets as quoted in the standard mm
Do Outside diameter of the shell of the vessel mm
dib Internal diameter of the boss mm
dob Outside diameter of the boss mm
e Nominal wall thickness mm
ec Calculated thickness mm
ech Calculated thickness of the end mm
ecs Calculated thickness of the shell mm
eh Nominal thickness of the end mm
erb Wall thickness of the boss contributing to reinforcement mm
erp Wall thickness of the reinforcing plate contributing to reinforcement mm
ers Wall thickness of the shell contributing to reinforcement mm
f Nominal design stress at the design temperature N/mm2
fb Permitted stress of the boss N/mm2
g Throat thickness of a weld mm
h External height of the dished part of an end (see Figure 4) mm
h1 External height of the cylindrical part of the end (see Figure 4) mm
h2 Internal height of a dished part of the end (see Figure 4) mm
Kc Design coefficient which is a function of the welding process —
Kv Impact energy at break (V-notch test piece) J
L Total length of the vessel mm
L1 Distance between the axis of a drainage opening and the end of the vessel mm
lrb Length of the boss contributing to reinforcement mm
lrbi Length of inward projecting boss contributing to reinforcement mm
lrp Length of the reinforcing plate contributing to reinforcement, measured along the mm
mid-surface
lrs Length of the shell contributing to reinforcement, measured along the mid-surface mm
© BSI 03-2000 7
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EN 286-3:1994
P Design pressurea which is a function of the maximum working pressure, the welding bar
process and inspection used
PS Maximum working pressurea bar
R Internal radius of the spherical part of the end mm
ReT Minimum yield point at the maximum working temperature N/mm2
Ri Local internal radius at the location of the opening in question mm
Rm Minimum tensile strength specified by the manufacturer or by the standard defining N/mm2
the steel
r Internal radius of the torispherical part of the end mm
S Corrosion allowance mm
Tmin Minimum working temperature °C
Tmax Maximum working temperature °C
T* Temperature at which the mean value of the energy absorbed at break (V-notch), °C
Kv U 28 J, is guaranteed longitudinally
V Volume of the vessel l
a
All pressures are gauge pressures.
4 Materials
4.1 Pressurized parts
4.1.1 Shell and ends
The shell and ends shall be made of steel sheet grade SPH 235 or SPH 265 as specified in EN 10207.
These steels shall be accompanied by a test report drawn up by the material manufacturer.
The mean value of energy absorbed at break Kv determined on three longitudinal test pieces shall be at
least 28 J at the minimum working temperature Tmin.
This essential safety requirement may be met as follows:
a) For types A, B and C vessels
— by carrying out impact bending tests at the minimum temperature of – 40 °C, at the responsibility
of the material manufacturer;
— or by using steels for which the appropriate guarantee of energy absorbed at break at the minimum
temperature of – 40 °C is given by a particular standard;
— or at a temperature T* equal to or less than that obtained by extrapolation using the graph
from Figure 1.
Examples of use:
— example no. 1: if e = 10 mm and T* = – 10 °C, Tmin – 35 °C;
— example no. 2: if T* = – 20 °C and Tmin = – 40 °C, emax = 12,7 mm.
b) For type B vessels only
By ensuring that brittle fracture does not occur at the minimum service temperature – 40 °C, using the
fracture mechanics theory through the use of a recognized standard or code and by applying knowledge
of the physical and metallurgical properties at the temperature T of a steel defined in a specific standard,
whilst taking into account the stresses (primary and secondary stresses) and the thickness of the
materials of the vessel.
4.1.2 Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses
The bosses shall be manufactured from bar or tube of a steel grade compatible with the grades of steel sheet
comprising the vessel and shall be of weldable quality. The product analysis of this steel shall meet the
following requirements:
— Rm < 580 N/mm2;
— C < 0,25 %, S < 0,05 % and P < 0,05 %.
8 © BSI 03-2000
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EN 286-3:1994
Figure 1 — Extrapolation of the guaranteed energy absorbed at break at temperature Tmin
4.2 Non-pressurized parts

Accessories to be welded to the vessel, but which do not contribute to its strength, shall be made of steel
grades compatible with the grades of steel sheet comprising the vessel and shall be of weldable quality.
The product analysis of this steel shall meet the following requirements:
— Rm k 580 N/mm2;
— C k 0,25 %, S k 0,05 % and P k 0,05 %.
4.3 Welding materials
The filler materials used for welding onto the vessels or welding the vessels themselves shall be suitable
and compatible with the parent materials.
They shall correspond to EN ... (in preparation).
5 Design
5.1 Shell and ends
5.1.1 General
The vessels are of simple geometrical form, composed of a cylindrical body of circular cross-section and two
outwardly dished torispherical ends.
The design of the vessels shall take into account the installation and maintenance conditions. The
installation and maintenance conditions shall be given by the manufacturer or the user (see clause 13).
NOTE Examples of installation and maintenance requirements are given in informative Annex F, Annex G and Annex H.
5.1.2 Design of the shell
Shells are generally made from a single sheet. If the shell is made of several welded parts, the number of
circular welds shall be kept to a minimum.
Longitudinal weld seams of parts of the shell shall:
— not be located on the lower part of the vessel defined by an angle of 30° on either side of the vertical
axis (see Figure 2);
— be sufficiently far apart such as to form an angle greater than 40° (see example in Figure 3).
All welds, even of a temporary nature, located outside the designed seams are prohibited.
© BSI 03-2000 9
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EN 286-3:1994
Figure 2 — Position of longitudinal welds on the bottom of the shell
5.1.3 Design of the ends

5.1.3.1 Shape and dimensions of the ends
The torispherical ends shall be made from a single sheet.
Dishing and flanging shall be carried out by a mechanical forming procedure, for example by pressing or
spinning. Hand forming is not permitted.
The torispherical end (see Figure 4) shall meet the requirements of 5.1.3.1.1 and Table 2 or 5.1.3.1.2 as
applicable.
Figure 3 — Position of longitudinal welds on the shell
10 © BSI 03-2000
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EN 286-3:1994
Figure 4 — Torispherical end

5.1.3.1.1 Types A and C vessels
R (nominal) = Do
r (nominal) = 0,1Do
Table 2 — Height of the cylindrical portion of ends
Dimensions in millimetres
eh 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 12
h1min 12 16 20 24 32 40 44 48
h1max 25 40 50 55
5.1.3.1.2 Type B vessels

R (nominal) = Do
r (nominal) U 0,06Do
26 k h1 k 40 mm (see 5.1.5.2.2).
5.1.3.2 Heat treatment of ends after forming
Steel ends obtained by cold forming:
a) the nominal sheet thicknesses of which are equal to or less than 6 mm, can be used without
postforming heat treatment;
b) the nominal sheet thicknesses of which are greater than 6 mm and not more than 8 mm, shall
undergo postforming heat treatment if the minimum temperature of the impact bending test (V-notch)
required is less than – 10 °C;
c) the nominal sheet thicknesses of which are greater than 8 mm, shall not be used without postforming
heat treatment.
Where required, heat treatment after cold forming is a normalizing treatment (see above), i.e. heating
beyond the range of critical temperatures followed by air cooling.
The heating temperature shall be greater than the upper limit of the critical range (usually called point A3)
but as close to it as possible.
NOTE For the steels specified in clause 4, the heat treatment temperature is between 890 °C and 950 °C. If this range does not
feature in the standard, the actual normalizing temperature should be stated by the steel producer.
© BSI 03-2000 11
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EN 286-3:1994
5.1.4 Calculation of shell and end thicknesses

5.1.4.1 Type A vessels
5.1.4.1.1 General
The nominal thicknesses e of the shells and ends shall be such that:
e U ec + c + S
The value of ec shall in no case be less than 2 mm.
The corrosion allowance S is taken as equal to 1 mm.
The manufacturer shall apply a correction to allow for thinning resulting from the manufacturing process.
5.1.4.1.2 Calculation of the shell thickness ecs
The nominal design stress f shall not be greater than the smaller of the values: 0,6ReT and 0,3Rm.
The values of ReT and Rm are stated in the material standard. For steels for which ReT is not guaranteed
at 100 °C, the stress f is taken as equal to 0,6ReT × 0,9.
The values of P and Kc to be taken into account are:
a) case no. 1: P U PS and Kc = 1 for automatic welding and when tests are carried out in accordance
with 11.1.2.1;
b) case no. 2: P U 1,25PS and Kc = 1 for automatic welding and when tests are carried out in accordance
with 11.1.2.2;
c) case no. 3: P U 1,25PS and Kc = 1,15 for welding by a non-automatic process and when tests are carried
out in accordance with 11.1.1.
5.1.4.1.3 Calculation of the thickness of the ends ech
The end thickness shall be calculated in the following manner.
a) Calculate the value of P/(10f). For the value of f see 5.1.4.1.2.
b) Calculate he/Do with he the smaller of the three values:
where:
ech = ecs;
(take eh = ecs + 1 + 0,3).

NOTE 0,3 is the minus rolling tolerance for the sheet.
c) Determine ech/Do from Figure 5.
d) Multiply the value found by Do to obtain the thickness ech.
e) Verify the calculation with this value in place of that of ecs.
Example of calculation of thickness ech of an end of steel SPH 235 in accordance with EN 10207,
ReT = 235 N/mm2 (e k 16 mm) for a vessel of diameter Do = 400 mm.
P = 1,25PS = 1,25 × 10 = 12,5 bar (case no. 2 in 5.1.4.1.2) for the shell
P = PS = 10 bar for the ends
Kc = 1
R = Do = 400 mm
r = 0,1Do = 40 mm
12 © BSI 03-2000
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EN 286-3:1994
f = 108 N/mm2: the smaller of the two values:

0,3Rm = 108;
0,6ReT = 141.
Therefore P/10f = 10/(10 × 108) = 0,00926
Calculate he/Do with he = smallest of 3 values:
a) h = eh + Do –
b)
c)
when ech is taken

as equal to ecs
thus eh = 2,3 + 1 + 0,3 = 3,6

giving he = 79,35 and he/Do = 0,198
From Figure 5: ech/Do = 0,0072

ech = 0,0072 × 400 = 2,88
The verification of the calculation with ech = 2,88 in place of ecs = 2,3 gives:
ech = 2,9
5.1.4.2 Type B vessels
5.1.4.2.1 General
The nominal thickness e of the shell and ends shall be such that:
e U ec + c + S
The value of ec shall in no case be less than 2 mm.
The corrosion allowance S is taken as equal to 1 mm.
The manufacturer shall apply a correction to allow for thinning resulting from the manufacturing process.
5.1.4.2.2 Calculation of the shell thickness ecs
The shell thickness ecs is calculated from the formula given in 5.1.4.1.2.
However:
— the value of the nominal design stress f is taken as equal to 0,3Rm/1,4;
— the rupture strength of the steel used Rm is equal to or less than 360 N/mm2.
Where the vessel is attached to the vehicle by means of fixing brackets welded onto the shell, the
manufacturer shall take into account the secondary stresses described in 5.3.
The shell thickness ecs shall be less than 5 mm.
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5.1.4.2.3 Calculation of the thicknesses of the ends ech

The thickness of the ends ech is obtained by applying the method described in 5.1.4.1.3.
However:
— the value of the nominal design stress f is taken as equal to 0,3Rm/1,4;
— the rupture strength of the steel used Rm is equal to or less than 360 N/mm2.
The value of ech shall comply with the requirement:
0,002Do k ech k 0,08Do.
Figure 5 — Theoretical curves for dished ends
5.1.4.3 Type C vessels

The thicknesses of the shells and ends shall be calculated in accordance with the instructions from 5.1.4.1.2
and 5.1.4.1.3.
The manufacturer shall take into account the secondary stresses described in 5.3.
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5.1.5 Welded joints of shells and ends

5.1.5.1 Longitudinal welds
The welds shall be full penetration butt welds. Backing strips, even of a temporary nature, are not
permitted.
5.1.5.2 Circular welds
5.1.5.2.1 Types A and C vessels
Circular welds required for making very long shells are treated as longitudinal welds as defined in 5.1.5.1.
The shell/end joints permitted are those shown in Figure 6 to Figure 10. The welds in Figure 6 to Figure 8
shall be of the full penetration type of the shell/end wall, for Figure 9 full penetration of the shell wall, and
for Figure 10 full penetration of the end wall.
For welding of sheets of different nominal thicknesses (shell/end weld), there shall be alignment either of
the neutral axes (Figure 6) or of the walls of the internal face or external face, the connecting slope not
exceeding 25 % (14°) (see Figure 7 and Figure 8) and the misalignment of neutral axes not exceeding 1 mm.
If the misalignment of the neutral axes is greater than 1 mm, levelling shall be carried out as shown
in Figure 8a and Figure 8b.
Figure 6 — Butt weld with centre lines aligned
Figure 7 — Butt weld with centre lines offset
Figure 8a
Figure 8b
Figure 8 — Butt welds with centre lines offset and connecting slope
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Figure 9 — Weld of the shell ring to end with necked edge
NOTE The joint shown in Figure 10 is only applicable to vessels comprising a shell without a longitudinal weld or two welded ends.
Figure 10 — Weld of the shell ring with necked edge to an end
5.1.5.2.2 Type B vessels

The shell/end joint shown in Figure 11 is the only one permitted for constructing a type B vessel.
The vessel made in this way shall be subjected, prior to fabrication, to a type examination as described in
clause 12.
The weld shall fully penetrate the wall of the shell.
(1) The permitted gap between the internal diameter of the shell and the external diameter of the end is:
a) < 0,25 mm over at least 270°;
b) k 1 m over not more than 90°.
Figure 11 — Weld of an inserted end (type B only)
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5.2 Openings
5.2.1 General
5.2.1.1 Types A, B and C vessels
Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses are cylindrical parts comprising an
internal pipe thread complying with ISO 228-1 or an ISO metric thread in accordance with ISO 261.
The permitted shapes and welding are defined in 5.2.4.1 and 5.2.4.2
The minimum number, dimensions and location on the vessel are defined in clause 6.
The wall thickness of bosses shall not be less than 1,5 times the thickness of the sheet to which they are
welded.
5.2.1.2 Types B and C vessels
Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses are cylindrical parts which may comprise
an internal pipe thread where a pressure-type joint is made on the thread Rp in accordance with ISO 7-1.
5.2.2 Holes for bosses
Where the diameter of the hole in the wall is greater than 75 mm, a reinforcement calculation is necessary
in accordance with the method described in 5.2.3.
Where holes require reinforcement, the distance that they are to be apart is defined in 5.2.3.1.
The maximum distance between the centre of the dished end and the outer edge of any holes shall not be
greater than 0,4Do (see Figure 12).
Figure 12 — Position of a hole in an end
Holes in shells and ends should be located as far as possible from welded seams and shall in no case cross
any welded seam.
The distance between any two welds measured from the extremity of the edge preparation shall not be less
than 4 times the actual shell or end thickness with a minimum of 20 mm (see Figure 13a and Figure 13b).
Figure 13a Figure 13b

Figure 13 — Distance between two welds measured from the end of the edge preparation
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5.2.3 Calculation of the opening reinforcement

5.2.3.1 General
The calculation method described in 5.2.3.2 and 5.2.3.3 is applicable to shells and dished ends in which
circular holes are made in compliance with the following conditions and hypotheses.
Reinforcing plates, where used, shall be made from the same material as that of the vessel to which they
are welded.
The distance between openings, measured from the outer face of the reinforcing plates or openings shall
not be less than 2 × lrs where two openings require reinforcement, or lrs where only one of the two openings
requires reinforcement.
(1)
where:
a) Ri = Do/2 – ers for shells;
b) Ri = R for ends.
Reinforcement of the openings is obtained by the use of:
a) recess welded bosses (see Figure 14a and Figure 14b);
b) welded reinforcing plates and recess welded bosses (see Figure 14c).
Adequate reinforcement shall be provided in all planes passing through the axis of the opening.
5.2.3.2 Reinforcement of opening
Only bosses of the “full penetration” type as shown in Figure 14a and Figure 14b may be used.
The length of the boss lrb contributing to the reinforcement, used in equation (3) for determining Afb shall
not be greater than lrs [see equation (2)]:
lrb k lrs (2)
The value of erb used for determining Afb in equation (3) shall not be more than twice ers.
The following condition shall also be complied with:
(3)
5.2.3.3 Reinforcement by reinforcing plate and boss

One of the following two conditions shall be complied with:
— the permissible stress fb is less than stress f:
P/10 {Ap + 0,5(Afs + Afb + 0,7Afp)}
k f(Afs + 0,7Afp) + fb·Afb
— the permissible stress fb is greater than stress f:
where:
a) the areas Ap, Afb, Afs and Afp are determined as shown in Figure 14a, Figure 14b and Figure 14c.
b) the maximum height of the boss (lrb) to be used in the calculation is:
c) the maximum height of the part of the boss (lrbi) inside the vessel, to be used in the calculation is:
lrbi = 0,5lrb
d) the dimensions of the reinforcing plate to be used in the calculation are:
erp k ers and lrp k lrs
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Figure 14a — Reinforcement of Figure 14b — Reinforcement of spherical

cylindrical shell with boss shell with boss
Figure 14c — Reinforcement of spherical

shell by reinforcing plate and boss
Figure 14 — Reinforcement of opening
5.2.4 Welding of bosses

5.2.4.1 Inspection openings and pipe connection branches
Welds may be full or partial penetration welds.
A single partial-penetration weld is permitted for bosses of external diameter not exceeding 65 mm. The
throat thickness g1 of the weld shall be at least equal to 1,5 times the thickness e of the wall to which the
boss is welded (see Figure 15, Figure 17 and Figure 18).
The throat thickness g2 of the weld represented in Figure 16 shall be at least equal to 0,7 times the
thickness e of the wall to which the boss is welded.
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Figure 15 — Fixing of a boss by an external weld
Figure 16 — Fixing of a boss by internal and external welds
Figure 17 — Fixing of a surface mounted boss on the outside of the vessel
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Figure 18 — Fixing of a surface mounted boss inside a vessel
5.2.4.2 Drainage openings

5.2.4.2.1 Types A, B and C vessels
The welds shall be full penetration welds of the wall of the vessel. Weld preparation of the vessel wall may
be necessary.
Examples of permitted welds are given in Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21.
If the drainage opening cannot be made in the bottom of the vessel, drainage shall nevertheless be provided
by one of the permitted methods shown in Figure 22 to Figure 29.
5.2.4.2.2 Types B and C vessels
The welds shall be executed in accordance with the permitted welds shown in Figure 30 and Figure 31.
Figure 19 — Fixing of a drainage boss by an external weld
Figure 20 — Fixing of a drainage boss by internal and external welds
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Figure 21a Figure 21b

Figure 21 — Fixing of a drainage boss with drainage groove
Figure 22 — Dip tube fixed to an end
Figure 23 — Dip tube fixed to the shell of a horizontal vessel
Figure 24 — Dip tube fixed to the shell of a vertical vessel
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Figure 25 — Dip tube fixed to a top end of a vertical vessel
Figure 26 — Dip tube fixed to the upper part of the shell of a horizontal vessel
Figure 27 — Fixing of a dip tube
Figure 28 — Fixing of a dip tube to a boss
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Figure 29 — Recessed fixing of a dip tube to a boss
Figure 30 — Surface mounted boss with two external welds
Figure 31 — Surface mounted boss with an internal and an external weld
5.3 Fixing brackets welded onto types B and C vessels

Following an agreement between the user and the manufacturer, fixing brackets welded onto the shell may
be used to attach the vessel to the vehicle (see Figure 32 and Figure 33).
The vessel, with its fixing brackets, shall be designed to withstand fatigue stress due to the mass of the
vessel, vibration transmitted by the vehicle and impacts resulting from the vehicle environment.
The fixing brackets may be welded onto intermediate reinforcing plates welded onto the shell
(see Figure 33). These plates distribute the stresses over the shell. These reinforcing plates shall be
obligatory on vessels of diameter exceeding 310 mm (see Figure 33). Their corners shall be rounded to a
radius equal to or greater than six times the thickness of the plate with a minimum of 10 mm. They shall
be provided with tell-tale holes for checking for leakage through the vessel wall.
Welding of the fixing brackets shall be done before the pressure test described in 11.3.
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Fixing brackets of a design different from those shown in Figure 32 and Figure 33 may be used, at the
request of the user, provided that they comply with the requirements of this standard.
The welded edges of the brackets or of the reinforcing plate shall not be less than six times the thickness e
of the shell away from any other welds.
Figure 32a
Figure 32b
Figure 32 — Fixing brackets (continued)
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Figure 32c Figure 32d

NOTE Brackets are not welded at points 1, 2, 3 and 4
Figure 32 — Fixing brackets (concluded)
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Figure 33a
Figure 33b
Figure 33 — Fixing brackets with reinforcing plates
6 Inspection and drainage bosses

The vessels shall have at least the inspection and drainage bosses of the dimensions given in Table 3.
However, vessels with a PV less than or equal to 1 000 bar litres (with L < 1 500) may have only one boss
for pipe connection, inspection and drainage. In this case, the minimum diameter is 30 mm.
Other bosses intended particularly for pipe connections may be provided, as long as they are located well
away from welded joints or seams subject to deformation, and in particular away from the knuckle ends.
The locations of the bosses shown in Figure 34 are recommended. Other locations may be specified as long
as they permit access for internal inspection and drainage of the vessel.
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Table 3 — Diameters and locations of bosses

dib1 Minimum diameter: 30 mm
A diameter of 30 mm corresponds
approximately to internal threads:
— G1 and M33 (types A, B and C vessels)
— Rp1 (types B and C vessels)
dib2 Minimum diameter: 18 mm
A diameter of 18 mm corresponds
approximately to internal threads:
— G1/2 and M20 (types A, B and C
vessels)
— Rp1/2 (types B and C vessels)
L1 L/5 k L1 k L/3
NOTE The drainage opening may be located other than in the bottom of the vessel provided that the vessel has a system for
ensuring its complete drainage (see 5.2.4.2.1).
Figure 34 — Location of openings
7 Marking
7.1 General
Vessels complying with this Part of this European Standard shall bear the identification and service marks
given in 7.4.
These marks are stamped either in the metal of the vessel itself or on a plate welded to the vessel wall.
These marks shall be located on the vessel at one of the positions shown in Figure 35.
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7.2 Marking stamped in the metal of the vessel

The stamps shall not have any sharp edges and the depth of the stamping shall not exceed one tenth of the
wall thickness.
When the marking is on an end, the mark shall be stamped as far as possible away from the theoretical
line of intersection of the knuckle radius and the spherical radius and shall be close to the end base, without
interfering with the weld of the pipe connection branch.
Marking shall be carried out before the ends are welded onto the shell.
The only marks that shall be stamped onto the finished vessel are those given in items 6) and 10) of 7.4.
7.3 Marking stamped on a plate
The dimensions of the marking plate are given in Figure 36.
7.4 Identity and service marks
This marking shall follow the general arrangement shown in Figure 37 or, if necessary, shall be in three
zones (see Figure 35). These marks shall have a minimum height of 5 mm. The dimensions in Figure 37
are given for guidance.
8 Corrosion protection
The vessels shall have internal and external corrosion protection. This protection shall be the subject of an
agreement between the railway customer and the supplier and meet the service surveillance requirements
given in Annex G and Annex H.
The surfaces to be given this protection shall be free of any corrosion, grease or pickling product.
9 Qualification of welding procedures

Welding procedures shall be specified in accordance with EN 288-1, EN 288-2 and EN 288-3. The
qualification shall be witnessed by an approved inspection body.
10 Qualification of welders and welding operators

Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with EN 287-1. The qualification shall be
witnessed by an approved inspection body.
NOTE The location of marking on the shell or an end as shown in Figure 35 is recommended. Other locations may be used on
condition that the marks are positioned horizontally and can be read in the best possible conditions after installation on the vehicle.
Figure 35 — Location of identity and service marks
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(1) The dimensions shall be in line with those of the marking described in 7.4.
Figure 36 — Marking plate
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1) Name or trademark of the manufacturer and place of fabrication. (The arrangement and height of the characters are left to the
discretion of the manufacturer).
2) Year of fabrication.
3) Vessel pattern number and batch identification.
4) Internal volume (in litres).
5) Maximum working pressure (in bars).
6) Mark of compliance with this standard:
— for type A vessels: EN 286-3 – A;
— for type B vessels: EN 286-3 – B;
— for type C vessels: EN 286-3 – C.
The CE mark and the distinguishing number of the approved inspection body and the last 2 digits of the year in which the mark is
affixed.
7) Minimum service temperature Tmin (in °C)
8) Maximum service temperature Tmax (in °C)
9) Name or trademark of the user. Order number allocated by the user.
10) Provision for date (last 2 digits of the year) and inspector’s stamp corresponding to the detailed inspections and tests given
in G.6.
NOTE If the vessel is re-tested, the corresponding marks (data and stamp) should be located next to the existing obligatory marks.
In the case of a plate, it should have a free space for this purpose.
Figure 37 — Identity and service marks
11 Testing of the vessels

11.1 Testing of welds by the manufacturer
Welds shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Table 4 to Table 6.
The acceptance criteria are specified in 11.1.5.
11.1.1 Welds made by non-automatic welding
In this case: P U 1,25PS and Kc = 1,15 (see 5.1.4.1.2 case no. 3).
11.1.2 Welds made by an automatic process
11.1.2.1 With P U PS and Kc = 1 (see 5.1.4.1.2 case no. 1).
11.1.2.2 With P k 1,25PS and Kc = 1 (see 5.1.4.1.2 case no. 2).
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11.1.3 Destructive testing of welds on coupon plates

The following tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer on coupon plates:
a) one face bend test around a mandrel of diameter 2e, through an angle of 180°, according to ISO 5173;
b) one reverse bend test around a mandrel of diameter 2e, through an angle of 180°, according to
ISO 5173;
c) one macro test;
d) impact bend tests (V-notch) at – 40 °C, according to EN 10045-1, only for wall thicknesses greater
than 5 mm;
— three Charpy V-notch tests on the weld metal;
— three Charpy V-notch tests in the heat affected zone (HAZ), only on the first test coupon per batch
in the case of verification and on two coupons per batch in the case of declaration of conformity.
Table 4 — Amount of testing required for welds made by a non-automatic process
Testing by the manufacturer Verification by the approved
inspection body where
Test Non-destructive test (NDT) Destructive test (DT) required
Each vessel 100 % visual inspection Visual inspection of

Each welding machine During manufacture coupon plates and films
and each welding held by the
Longitudinal weld manufacturer. Inspection
procedure
1 coupon plate for of the results of the
the first 100 m of various tests carried out
weld in application of this
standard
Then every 100 m of weld
1 100 % X-ray of the weld, or 1 coupon plate
including junctions, on
the same vessel
Circumferential weld
If the welding process or the designation of the filler
metal is identical to that used for the longitudinal
weld, then the circumferential weld needs no further
testing.
If the welding process or standard designation of the
filler metal differs from those used for making the
longitudinal weld:
1 coupon plate at
the start of
fabrication
Then every 300 m of weld with a minimum on any
one vessel of the batch of:
1 100 % X-ray of the weld or 1 coupon plate
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Table 5 — Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic procedure with P U Ps

Each welding machine Longitudinal weld coupon plates and films
and each welding held by the
After adjustment manufacturer. Inspection
procedure
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate of the results of the
greater than 200 mm various tests carried out
including at least one in application of this
junction standard
During manufacture
Every 250 m of weld or at each change of adjustment
outside the tolerances fixed in the description of the
welding procedure or at each change of standard
designation of filler metal:
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate
greater than 200 mm
including at least one
junction
testing.
longitudinal weld;
After adjustment
greater than 200 mm
junction
During manufacture
Every 750 m of weld or at each change in adjustment
welding procedure or at each change in the standard
designation of the filler metal:
greater than 200 mm
junction
With a minimum per batch of vessels or per month:
2 X-rays per film of or 2 coupon plates
length greater than
200 mm including at least
one junction
NOTE The coupon plates or X-rays shall be from different vessels
in the batch.
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Table 6 — Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic procedure

with P U 1,25PS
Each welding machine Longitudinal weld coupon plates and films
and each welding held by the manufacturer.
After adjustment Inspection of the results of
procedure
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate the various tests carried
greater than 200 mm out in application of this
including at least on standard
junction
During manufacture
Every 500 m of weld or at each change of adjustment
welding procedure or at each change in the standard
designation of the filler metal
greater than 200 mm
junction
testing.
longitudinal weld:
After adjustment
1 X ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate
greater than 200 mm
junction
During manufacture
Every 1 500 m of weld or at each change in
adjustment outside the tolerances fixed in the
description of the welding procedure or at each
change in the standard designation of the filler
metal:
greater than 200 mm
junction
With a minimum per batch of vessels or per month:
greater than 200 mm
junction
NOTE The coupon plates or X-rays shall be from any vessel in
the batch.
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11.1.4 Quality of the films

The density of the films shall correspond to class B of ISO 1106-1 and ISO 1106-3, with a minimum density
of 2 and a maximum density of 4.
11.1.5 Acceptance criteria for welds
The results of all the tests shall be recorded. If a test gives an unsatisfactory result, the reason shall be
sought and a further two samples shall be prepared and verified. If it can be shown that the failure is a
result of a local or accidental defect and that the re-tests are satisfactory, the re-test results shall be
accepted.
If a new sample gives unsatisfactory results, all the welds of all the vessels produced since the start of
production or since the last unsatisfactory non-destructive test shall undergo a non-destructive test.
Table 7 and Table 8 show the acceptance levels.
If any part of a weld has been repaired, the whole of the repaired weld seam shall be verified by means of
a non-destructive test.
Following the bending tests, the sample shall not have any defects greater than 3 mm in any direction.
In the macrographic examination, the affected surface of the sample shall show, through the microscope, a
welded point image with an adequate penetration and with no defects other than those permitted in
Table 8.
For the impact bending tests, see 4.1.1.
11.1.6 Finish of longitudinal and circular joints
All welds shall have a smooth finish without valleys and shall merge into the plates without undercutting
or abrupt irregularity (see Table 7).
To ensure that the weld is fully penetrated and thus that the surface of the weld metal does not fall below
the surface of the adjoining plate, weld metal may be built up as reinforcement on each side of the plate.
This reinforcement shall not exceed the values given in Table 9.
The reinforcement need not be removed except to the extent that it exceeds the permissible thickness.
11.2 Dimensional inspection
Vessels fabricated manually shall be inspected individually in order to ensure that they comply with the
tolerances specified below.
For vessels fabricated on an automatic line, the inspector shall ensure, at the start of fabrication, that the
vessels meet the following dimensional requirements. He shall then carry out a thorough examination on
at least one vessel in every 50 fabricated.
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances apply:
a) length L ± 7 mm;
b) diameter Do (k 500 mm) ± 3 mm;
(> 500 mm) ± 0,6 %;
c) circularity of the cylindrical body 0,01Do;a
d) straightness of any generating line of the cylindrical body ± 0,01L;a
e) volume of the vessel in the as-delivered state ± 3,5 %.
a The tolerances of shape and position are set out in ISO 1101.
In addition, the wall of the vessels shall be free of localized defects such as sudden local irregularities,
bumps, flats, cavities, folds, tool marks or visible symmetry defects. Cavities or bumps are permitted
provided that they connect with the surrounding surface with gentle slopes not exceeding 25 % (14°) and
with rounding of radius greater than 50 mm. Their dimensions shall not exceed:
f) radially ± 3 mm
g) longitudinally 0,25L
h) transversely ÏDo/20
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Table 7 — Acceptance levels of defects in butt-welds, detected by visual examination

Defect EN 26520 reference Acceptance level
Lack of penetration 402 Not permitted
Undercut 5011 Slight and intermittent, permitted provided not sharp and
5012 does not exceed 0,5 mm depth
Shrinkage groove 5013 As undercut
Root concavity 515 As undercut
Excessive penetration 504 See 11.1.6
Excess weld metal 502 See 11.1.6
Irregular surface 514 Reinforcement to be of continuous and regular shape with
509 complete filling of groove
511
513
517
Overlap 506 Not permitted
Linear misalignment 507 See 5.1.5.2
Arc strike 601
Spatter 602  Grind smooth

Tungsten spatter 6021  Accepted subject to thickness verification and crack
 detection test
Torn surface 603 
Grinding mark 604
Chipping mark 605
Table 8 — Acceptance levels of defects in butt-welds, detected by X-ray examination
Defect EN 26520 reference Acceptance level
Cracks 100 Not permitted

Porosity (isolated and grouped) 2011 Individual diameter e/4 but not more than
2013 2 mm for a 2 % projected area max.a
2017
Porosity (uniformly distributed) 2012 Individual diameter e/4 but not more
than 2 mm for a 2 % projected area max.a
Porosity (linear) 2014 Check for lack of fusion before accepting.
Otherwise as 2011, 2012, 2013
Crater pipes 2024 Not permitted
Slag and flux inclusions and elongated 3011 Individual length max. e/3
cavities (individual and parallel to weld 3021
axis) 2015 Summation of length = e max. in 12e
length if separation < 6 × longest defect
Slag and flux inclusions and wormholes 3012 Individual length max. e/3
(random not parallel to weld axis) 3013
3022
3023
2016
Tungsten inclusions 3041 As porosity
Copper inclusions 3042 Not permitted
Lack of fusion (side, root or inter-run) 401 Not permitted
a
Area = maximum length of weld affected × local width of weld.
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Table 9 — Maximum permissible reinforcement

for longitudinal and circular welds
Maximum reinforcement
Thickness of the thicker
thickness r1 or r2
plate
(see Figure 38)
e k 12 2,5
Figure 38 — Reinforcement thickness
11.3 Pressure test

Each vessel with all its fittings (bosses, brackets, etc.) shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test, prior to the
application of the protective coating, equivalent to a pressure of 1,5 times the design pressure, i.e.:
a) 15 bar when the design pressure is taken as 10 bar (case no. 1 — 5.1.4.1.2);
b) U 18,75 bar when the design pressure is taken as 12,5 bar (case no. 2 and 3 — 5.1.4.1.2);
in the presence of a person of recognized competence (see clause 12).
This pressure shall be maintained for a sufficient length of time to permit a visual examination of all the
surfaces and all the welded joints. The vessel shall show no sign of plastic deformation or leakage.
Subject to agreement, a pneumatic test may be carried out on each vessel, at the pressure defined above.
WARNING. The pneumatic test is potentially a much more dangerous operation than the hydraulic test in
that, irrespective of the size of the vessel, any failure during testing may result in an explosion. It should
therefore only be carried out after consultation with the inspection body and having ensured that the safety
measures taken comply with current legislation of the country in which the test is carried out.
All vessels which fail the pressure test shall be rejected. Repairs may be permitted, with the agreement of
the client network, but in this case the pressure test shall be repeated.
11.4 Special tests for types B and C vessels
For type B vessels attached to the vehicle by welded brackets and for type C vessels, fatigue tests combining
the mass of the vessel with the vibration and impacts transmitted by the vehicles shall be specified by the
user.
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12 Certification procedures
This standard specifies three classes of vessel to which the certification procedure set out in Table 10
applies.
Table 10 — Classification of vessels
Classification Ps · V Certification procedureb Comment
Class 1 Greater than 3 000 bar Type examinationa Verification See Annex A
litres and not more (see Annex D) or
than 10 000 bar litres approval of design and
Class 2 Greater than 200 bar construction dossiera Verificationa See Annex A
litres and not more (see Annex C, clause 2) or See Annex B
than 3 000 bar litres declaration of
conformitya and
surveillance (and
special documents)
Class 3 Greater than 50 bar Verificationa See Annex A
litres and not more or See Annex B
than 200 bar litres declaration of
conformitya (and
special documents)
a At manufacturer’s choice.
b The mark of the inspection body shall be affixed to the vessels subjected to verification.
13 Information to be supplied at the time of invitation to tender and the time of

order
The invitation to tender and order, to which is attached the final drawing of the vessel, shall indicate the
number of this standard and specify the following, if they have not already been specified in the drawing
or the documents attached to it:
a) whether the vessel is of type A, B or C;
b) the dimensions and volume of the vessel;
c) the grade of steel, together with the number of the reference standard, from which the shell and ends
are to be made (see clause 4);
d) the type of shell/end joints (see 5.1.5.2);
e) the shape of the openings and their welding to the vessel (see 5.2.4);
f) the location of the openings (see clause 6);
g) whether the marking is stamped in the metal or on a plate (see clause 7);
h) the marks which the vessel shall have and their location on it (see 7.4);
i) corrosion protection measures (see clause 8);
j) a drawing showing how the vessel is assembled on the vehicle (see Annex F);
k) the requirements for service surveillance (see informative Annex G and Annex H).
14 Delivery
After complete drying of the inside walls, the vessel in the delivery condition shall have all its openings
plugged with plastic stoppers or some other means to ensure that the inside of the vessel is free from dust,
water or any other foreign bodies.
Prior to despatch, the vessel shall be suitably protected to avoid any damage (impact, deformation ...)
during transport.
The packing shall be determined by the railway customer and the manufacturer.
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15 Documentation to accompany the vessel

The documentation to accompany the vessel shall include:
a) Particulars given on the vessel nameplate, including the serial identification.
b) The use for which the vessel has been designed.
c) The installation and maintenance requirements where they differ from those given in Annex F,
Annex G and Annex H respectively.
d) A declaration that the vessel is in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard
(see Annex B).
e) For information to the customer, a statement on the test certificate that there shall be no welding
operations carried out on pressurized parts of the vessel.
The documentation shall be in the language, or languages, of the country of destination.
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Annex A (normative)
Verification
A.1 General
Verification shall be performed by an approved inspection body on batches of vessels submitted by their
manufacturer or by his authorized representative. Batches shall be accompanied by the type-examination
certificate (see Annex D) or by the certificate of approval of the design and manufacturing schedule
(certificate of adequacy) (see Annex C).
When a batch is examined, the inspection body shall ensure that the vessels have been manufactured
and checked in accordance with the design and manufacturing schedule and shall perform a hydrostatic
test or, subject to the agreement of the Member State, a pneumatic test on each vessel in the batch at a
pressure Ph equal to 1,5 times the design pressure. Moreover, the inspection body shall carry out tests on
test pieces taken from a representative production coupon plate or from a vessel, as the manufacturer
chooses, in order to examine weld quality. The tests shall be carried out on longitudinal welds. However,
where differing welding techniques are used for longitudinal and circumferential welds, the tests shall be
repeated on representative test pieces of circumferential welds.
A.2 Construction verification
The approved inspection body shall perform the following checks and examinations.
A.2.1 Check of the manufacturing record
The manufacturing record shall be checked (see Annex E).
A.2.2 External and internal inspection, dimensional check
The inspection body shall check the identification of the vessel, e.g. the data-plate, and shall inspect the
vessels visually, externally and internally for defects, especially the seams.
The inspection shall be performed before any permanent covering coatings are applied.
The inspection body shall check dimensions of shells, ends, openings and other parts that are of importance
to the safety of the vessel for conformity with the drawings. Distances, important for safety (e.g. distance
between openings), shall be checked if considered necessary.
NOTE Normally it is adequate if 10 % of vessels are checked and inspected, these to be selected by the approved inspection body.
A.2.3 Destructive testing
Destructive testing as required by 11.1.3 shall be witnessed by the approved inspection body who will
certify the results.
A.2.4 Non-destructive testing
Non-destructive testing of butt weld seams as required by clause 11 shall be checked by the approved
inspection body. This includes spot checks of films. If the films are not available, spot NDT shall be
performed according to Table 4 to Table 6.
Annex B (normative)
Declaration of conformity — Surveillance
B.1 General
B.1.1 Declaration of conformity
Vessels in accordance with this European Standard whose product of PS and V exceeds 50 bar litres but
which does not exceed 3 000 bar litres are, at the choice of the manufacturer, either subject to verification
(see Annex A) or subject to the declaration of conformity.
B.1.2 Surveillance
By the declaration of conformity the manufacturer becomes subject to surveillance for vessels for which the
product of PS and V exceeds 200 bar litres and does not exceed 3 000 bar litres. The purpose of surveillance
is to ensure that the manufacturer duly fulfils the obligations required by this European Standard.
In the case of vessels manufactured in accordance with an approved specimen, for which a type
examination certificate exists, surveillance shall be the responsibility of the approved inspection body
which issued this type of examination certificate.
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In the case of vessels not manufactured in accordance with an approved specimen, surveillance shall be the
responsibility of the approved inspection body which issued the certificate of approval of the design and
manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy) (see C.2).
B.2 Procedure required before commencement of manufacture of vessels of classes 2 and 3
(see clause 12) subject to a declaration of conformity
B.2.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer
Before commencing manufacture, the manufacturer shall submit to the approved inspection body which
issued the type examination certificate or the certificate of adequacy, a document describing the
manufacturing processes and all of the predetermined, systematic measures taken to ensure conformity of
the vessels with this European Standard.
This document shall include the design and manufacturing schedule and the documents referred to
in B.2.1.1 to B.2.1.5.
The manufacturer shall appoint a management representative who, irrespective of other responsibilities,
shall have independent authority and responsibility for ensuring that the requirements of this European
Standard are implemented and maintained.
B.2.1.1 A description of the means of manufacture and inspection appropriate to the construction of the
vessels.
B.2.1.2 An inspection document describing the appropriate examinations and tests to be carried out during
manufacture together with the procedures thereof and the frequency with which they are to be performed.
B.2.1.3 An undertaking to carry out the examinations and tests in accordance with the inspection
document referred to above and to have a hydrostatic test carried out on each vessel in accordance with this
European Standard.
B.2.1.4 The addresses of the places of manufacture and storage and the date on which manufacture is to
commence.
B.2.1.5 In addition, when the product of PS and V exceeds 200 bar litres, the manufacturer shall authorize
access to the said places of manufacture or storage by the body responsible for the surveillance, for
inspection purposes, and allow that body to select sample vessels and provide it with all necessary
information, and in particular:
a) the design and manufacturing schedule;
b) the inspection report;
c) the type examination certificate or certificate of adequacy, where appropriate;
d) a report on the examinations and tests carried out.
B.2.2 Responsibilities of the approved inspection bodies
The inspection body responsible for the surveillance shall examine the documents referred to in B.2.1.1
and B.2.1.3 in order to check their conformity with the requirements of this European Standard and with:
a) the conditions stated in the certificate of adequacy; or
b) the design and manufacturing record and the conditions stated in the type examination certificate.
Manufacturing cannot commence before the approved inspection body has issued written approval of this
document.
B.3 Procedures required during manufacture of vessels of classes 2 and 3 (see clause 12) subject
to a declaration of conformity
B.3.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall ensure that the inspections and testing is carried out in accordance with the
documented procedures to complete the evidence of full conformance of the vessel to this European
Standard. The inspection and test status of vessels shall be identified by using markings, authorized
stamps, tags, labels, inspection records, physical location or other suitable means which indicate
conformance or non-conformance of vessels with regard to inspection and tests performed.
Records shall identify the inspection authority responsible for the release of conforming vessels.
The manufacturer shall maintain control of vessels that do not conform to the requirements of this
European Standard. All non-conforming vessels shall be clearly identified and segregated to prevent
unauthorized use, delivery or mixing with conforming vessels.
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Repaired or re-worked vessels shall be re-inspected in accordance with documented procedures.

B.3.2 Responsibilities of approved inspection bodies
For vessels whose product of PS and V exceeds 200 bar litres, the inspection body responsible for
surveillance shall, during fabrication:
a) ensure that the manufacturer manufactures and checks the vessels in accordance with the documents
described in B.2.1;
b) take random samples — two at each visit (see B.3.4.2) — at the place of manufacture or storage of
vessels for inspection purposes as given in B.3.3 and B.3.4.
B.3.3 Frequency of inspection body operation
Initial operation a) and b) of B.3.2 shall be carried out within 2 months of the commencement of
manufacture and, afterwards, random checks will be made at the normal rate of one visit per year if the
rate of production of vessels of the same type is up to 3 000/year and twice if production is more
than 6 000/year. For production quantities between these, the rate of visit will be adjusted accordingly.
B.3.4 Surveillance checks and tests
To ensure that the manufacturer produces and checks vessels subject to the declaration of conformity in
accordance with this European Standard, the inspection body responsible for the surveillance shall perform
the following checks, inspections, examinations and tests.
B.3.4.1 Check of the design and manufacturing record, the inspection report and the report on the
examinations and tests carried out, in particular with respect to completeness, consistency, validity of
certificates, qualification of personnel, etc.
B.3.4.2 The inspection body shall select at random at least two vessels in such a manner that at least one
vessel per family is selected per year. On these vessels, it shall perform an external and internal inspection,
a dimensional check, a non-destructive test of all butt welds (radiographic examination) and a hydrostatic
test (see A.1).
B.3.4.3 The inspection body shall make available to the manufacturer a copy of the surveillance report that
has been prepared.
Annex C (normative)
Design and manufacturing schedules
C.1 Content
The design and manufacturing schedules shall contain the name of the manufacturer and the place of
manufacture and shall give the following information:
— a detailed manufacturing drawing of the vessel type;
— a set of instructions comprising:
a) the maximum working pressure, PS .... bar;
b) the maximum working temperature, ..... Tmax;
c) the minimum working temperature, Tmin ..... °C;
d) the volume of the vessel, V ..... litre;
e) the name or mark of the manufacturer;
f) a drawing showing assembly of the vessel to the rolling stock approved by the railway client
indicating in particular the method of attachment (see Annex F);
g) the service surveillance requirements approved by the railway client (see Annex G and Annex H);
— a document describing:
a) the materials selected;
b) the welding processes used;
c) the checks to be carried out;
d) any pertinent details as to the vessel design including the design pressure;
e) the certificates relating to the suitable qualification of the welding procedures and of the welders
or operators;
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f) if the certificates for the welding procedures, welders or operators are not available, this shall not
prevent the approved body from evaluating the other documents. However, they shall be submitted
before approval is given or manufacturing commences;
g) the inspection slips for the materials used for the manufacturer of parts and assemblies
contributing to the strength of the pressure vessel or a specimen of these inspection slips;
h) a specimen of the proposed report on examination and tests.
C.2 Approval of design and manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy)
If vessels are not manufactured on the basis of a type-examination certificate, the manufacturer or his
authorized representative shall submit to an approved inspection body an application for design approval
and enclose three copies of this design and manufacturing schedule (see C.1).
Various vessels or vessel families can be included in one design and manufacturing schedule, but all vessel
details (including branches, bosses and attachments) of the production envisaged shall be included.
The approved inspection body shall examine these documents in order to check the conformity of the
design, of the required tests, and of the qualifications with the requirements of this European Standard. If
they are in agreement with the requirements of this standard the approved inspection body shall issue a
certificate of adequacy which shall be forwarded to the applicant.
Annex D (normative)
Type examination
Type examination is the procedure by which an approved inspection body ascertains and certifies that a
prototype vessel satisfies the provisions of this Part of this European Standard. The manufacturer or his
authorized representative shall submit to an approved inspection body an application for type examination.
The application shall include three copies of the design and manufacturing schedule (see Annex C) and a
prototype vessel which is representative of the production envisaged.
If the application is lodged for various vessels a prototype vessel is required for each vessel type.
Various vessels or vessel types can be included in one design and manufacturing schedule, but all vessel
details (including branches, bosses and attachments) of the production envisaged shall be included.
The approved inspection body shall examine the documents in order to check the conformity of design,
qualifications and the proposed tests with the requirements of this European Standard.
The approved inspection body shall also verify that the vessel has been manufactured in conformity with
the design and manufacturing schedule and is representative of the type and shall perform appropriate
examinations and tests (including 100 % NDT of main seams and a hydrostatic test).
If the design and manufacturing schedule and the prototype(s) comply with the provisions of this part of
this European Standard, the approved inspection body shall draw up a type-examination certificate (per
vessel type) which shall be forwarded to the applicant. The certificate shall state the conclusions of the
examination, indicate any conditions to which its issue may be subject and be accompanied by the
descriptions and drawings necessary for identification of the approved prototype.
Annex E (normative)
Content of the manufacturing record
The manufacturing record of the vessels shall contain (at least) the following information.
E.1 General information
a) the name or mark of the manufacturer;
b) the place of manufacture;
c) the qualification certificates for the welding procedures and the welders or welding operators;
d) the reports of the tests and inspections performed, or description of the proposed verifications.
E.2 Specific information
a) the identification codes of the vessels specific to the manufacturer (example no .. to ..);
b) the type approval number or the certificate of adequacy;
c) the diameter of the vessels;
d) the volume of the vessels;
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e) the maximum working pressure;

f) the maximum working temperature;
g) the minimum working temperature, if below – 10 °C;
h) the test pressure;
j) the drawing number(s);
k) the date of manufacture;
l) the size of the batch;
m) the inspection document for the materials used in the manufacture of main pressurized parts.
For parts, other than shells and ends with diameters not exceeding 250 mm, a declaration by the
manufacturer stating that only materials complying with the required documents have been used, is
acceptable;
n) the date of the hydrostatic test, signed by the manufacturer’s inspector and, in the case of
verification, by the inspector from the approved inspection body.
E.3 Records
Records shall contain information required by E.1 and E.2 in such a way as to allow traceability. For the
purpose of traceability, records shall be maintained of the vessel number/customer. Records shall be kept
for at least 40 years.
Annex F (informative)
Assembly to the vehicles
F.1 Type A vessels
F.1.1 Fixing
The vessels should be fixed by means of straps with properties as indicated in F.1.1.1 and inserts of
corrosion protection tape as defined in F.1.1.4.
The vessel is generally fixed by means of two straps (Figure F.1 and Figure F.2). However, for small vessels,
a single strap may be used as long as it does not obstruct reading of the identity and service marks.
The straps are fastened to the vehicles by one of the approved methods shown in Figure F.3 to Figure F.6.
Other methods may be used provided that all safety requirements are complied with.
Figure F.1 — Fixing by straps of a vessel in the horizontal position
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Figure F.2 — Fixing by straps of a vessel in the vertical position
Figure F.3 — End of straps with angle brackets
Figure F.4 — End with straps folded and reinforced
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NOTE The bolts shown in Figure F.5 and Figure F.6 should be of the weldable type.
Figure F.5 — Ends of straps with welded bolt
NOTE The bolts shown in Figure F.5 and Figure F.6 should be of the weldable type.
Figure F.6 — Ends of straps with grooved welded bolt
F.1.1.1 Fixing straps

F.1.1.1.1 General
The fixing straps should be made of flat steel of minimum tensile strength Rm k 580 N/mm2 as specified in
EN 10025 or steel with equivalent mechanical properties and dimensions specified in F.1.1.1.2
or F.1.1.1.3.
Straps made of circular rod are not permitted.
F.1.1.1.2 Fixing by two straps
The dimensions of the straps are given in Table F.1.
Table F.1 — Dimensions of straps
Do k 450 > 450 and k 600 > 600
Section of flats 25 × 4 45 × 6 60 × 6
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F.1.1.1.3 Fixing by a single strap

The strap section should be approved by the customer for each particular case.
F.1.1.2 Corrosion protection tapes
The corrosion tapes should have two impregnated faces.
The impregnation product should have a softening point at least equal to 50 °C and should retain its
flexibility down to – 15 °C.
The impregnated tape should have a mass by surface area equal to or greater than 1,3 kg/m2.
F.1.2 Mounting
F.1.2.1 General
The drawing showing mounting of the vessel on the vehicle should ensure that the identity and service
marks can be read under all possible conditions.
Contact between the vessel and the vehicle should always be via cradles, with corrosion protection tape
inserted between the vessel and the cradle.
The fixing straps and their corrosion protection tape should always be placed around the shell
(see Figure F.1 and Figure F.2). All necessary steps should be taken to avoid movement of the insulating
tape relative to the straps and the vessel.
The cradle should:
a) be placed transversely in relation to the vessel;
b) be adapted to the shape of the vessel;
c) have a width at least equal to that of the fixing straps;
d) have a span equal to or greater than 0,4Do.
F.1.2.2 Fixing by two straps
They should be located as close as possible to the circular welds without however obscuring them as they
should remain visible once the vessel has been fixed.
F.1.2.3 Fixing by a single strap
It should be located so as not to obscure the circular welds.
F.1.2.4 Protection of the drainage mechanism
Where an automatic drainage mechanism is fitted directly to the vessel opening, it should be protected
against accidental damage by a cap.
NOTE In the case of vehicles fitted with an air dryer, the drainage opening may be closed by a threaded plug with a pressure relief
hole, and gasket.
F.2 Types B and C vessels
F.2.1 Fixing to the vehicle
Types B and C vessels may be fixed by means of straps as described in Figure F.1 or by fixing brackets
welded onto the shell under the conditions set out in 5.3 and shown in Figure 32 and Figure 33.
F.2.2 Mounting
The drawing showing mounting of the vessel to the vehicle should ensure that the identity and service
marks can be read under optimum conditions.
F.2.3 Protection of the drainage mechanism
Where an automatic drainage mechanism is mounted directly onto the vessel opening, it should be
protected against accidental damage by a cap.
NOTE In the case of vehicles fitted with an air dryer, the drainage opening may be closed by a threaded plug with a pressure relief
hole, and gasket.
Annex G (informative)
Service surveillance of type A vessels
G.1 General
The maintenance recommendations in this annex are based on several decades of experience of major
railway networks of the Federal Republic of Germany (DB), the Netherlands (NS) and France (SNCF).
These recommendations meet the minimum safety requirements during normal service of type A vessels.
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The vessels are used throughout the whole service life of the vehicle or device to which they are fitted, to a
maximum of 40 years. At the end of this period, they are dispensed with under the conditions specified
in G.10. However, under special circumstances (a series of vehicles being replaced or vehicles destined for
a museum), the service life of the vessels may be prolonged subject to suitable surveillance specified in G.9.
The service surveillance of the vessels complying with this European Standard is carried out during
periodic inspections or revisions to the vehicle or the device fitted with it, under the following conditions.
G.2 Vessels used at: PS k 6 bar
Table G.1 — Service surveillance of vessels used at PS k 6 bar
Method and
Maximum interval between 2 operations Operation Removal
sanction
In a scheduled examination External visual inspection and No G.4
before 600 000 kma or 6 years drainage
24 years on the occasion of a revision Internal and external inspection No G.4 and G.5
a
This period may be extended to a maximum of 6 years if the vessel is protected against external attacks, for example if it is
installed in an enclosure or is an integral part of the apparatus.
G.3 Vessels used at: 6 bar < PS k 10 bar

Table G.2 — Service surveillance of vessels used at 6 bar < PS k 10 bar
Method and
Maximum interval between 2 operations Operation Removal
sanction
In a scheduled examination before 2 External visual inspection and No G.4
years and 8 weeksa drainage
24 years on the occasion of a revision Internal and external inspection No G.4 and G.5
a
This period may be extended to a maximum of 6 years if the vessel is protected against external attacks, for example if it is
installed in an enclosure or is an integral part of the apparatus.
In addition, the satisfactory performance of these vessels is ensured by an annual sampling examination
under the following conditions.
Table G.3 — Annual sampling examination
Method and
Population of vessels concerned Sample Removal
sanction
Vessels of the same type, from whole 1 % rounded to the nearest whole Yes G.6 and G.7
vehicle fleet or from items they are number
number fitted to, more than 20 years old
NOTE 1 Inspections are fairly regular periodic maintenance operations. They are essentially checks intended to ensure that the
main or critical components are always in a good operating condition.
NOTE 2 Revisions are periodic maintenance operations at intervals greater than the inspection. The purpose is to overhaul the
various components so that they operate satisfactorily until the next inspection.
NOTE 3 The inspection and revision cycles are specific to each type of equipment.
G.4 External inspection
G.4.1 Cleaning
Vessels that are particularly dirty should be cleaned so as to permit examination of the walls under
acceptable conditions. Cleaning by air blast should be carried out until all dirt is completely removed.
G.4.2 Examination of marking
If the marks specified in clause 7 are illegible, the vessel should be rejected.
If a data plate is deformed as a result of impact or oxidation, but the marks are still visible, it may be
replaced. Conformity to the original marking should be certified by the affixing of the expert’s stamp.
If a new plate is welded on to the vessel, the vessel should undergo a pressure test in accordance with 11.3.
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G.4.3 Inspection of the walls

G.4.3.1 Deformation and irregularities
If the walls of the vessel show localized deformations or irregularities resulting mainly from impacts, the
vessel should be rejected if these deformations or irregularities exceed the tolerances given in G.4.3.1.1
and G.4.3.1.2.
G.4.3.1.1 Dished ends
Deformations and irregularities should not:
a) have any sharp angles (radius less than half the knuckle radius);
b) be located on the welds or at a tangent to them;
c) be located more than 0,4Do from the centre of the end;
d) have a depth greater than 1/100 of the vessel diameter.
G.4.3.1.2 Shell wall
Deformation and irregularities should not:
a) connect with the surrounding surface with slopes greater than 25 % (14°) or with roundings of radius
less than half the knuckle radius;
b) be deeper than:
— 1/50 of the vessel diameter and width less than four times the depth;
— 1/25 of the vessel diameter for other cases.
G.4.3.2 Corrosion
Whatever the type of corrosion revealed by the inspection of the vessel, any defect of depth equal to or
greater than 1 mm results in rejection of the vessel.
NOTE If the corrosion does not lead to rejection of the vessel, the corrosion protection treatment should be repeated in order to
guarantee that the vessel is protected against corrosion until its next inspection as specified in G.2 and G.3.
G.4.3.3 Other cases leading to rejection of the vessel
If there is doubt about the seriousness of the defects listed above, or if the vessel has other discontinuities
which may adversely affect its strength, it should be rejected.
G.4.4 Examination of the fastening straps
If it is observed that a strap is broken or cracked it should be replaced. Welded repairs are not permitted.
G.5 Internal examination
Internal inspection of the vessel walls is carried out with suitable apparatus, such as an endoscope for
example.
If traces of corrosion are detected, their extent should be assessed. Any pitting of depth equal to or greater
than 1 mm should lead to rejection of the vessel.
If there is doubt about the assessment of the depth of the corrosion, suitable apparatus for measuring the
wall thickness should be used, for example ultrasonic apparatus.
If the extent of the corrosion does not lead to rejection of the vessel, but is located in an area corresponding
to an external area where traces of corrosion have already been detected, but without leading to rejection
of the vessel, this vessel should be rejected.
G.6 Detailed inspection and hydrostatic test
G.6.1 General
These operations should be carried out by competent approved personnel.
G.6.2 Detailed inspection
Detailed inspection of a vessel entails its removal.
Before carrying out the various phases of the inspection, the vessel should be examined to see if there are
any defects which might lead to its rejection.
G.6.2.1 Preparation
Internal and external walls of the vessel should be exposed by careful cleaning, if necessary, using chemical
or mechanical stripping agents to remove the corrosion protection coating.
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G.6.2.2 Internal and external inspection

The internal and external inspection of the walls should be carried out in accordance with the provisions
in G.4 and G.5 with the specified consequences.
In addition, if any crack, discontinuity in the weld seams or deterioration of the internal threads of the
inspection openings or pipe connection branches are detected, the vessel should be rejected.
G.6.3 Hydrostatic test
The vessel which has satisfactorily undergone the detailed inspection should then be subjected to a
hydrostatic test under the conditions described in 11.3 of this European Standard.
Once the vessel has successfully undergone the hydrostatic test, it should be stamped by the representative
of the approved inspection body, or by the accredited representative, who witnessed the test.
He affixes:
a) the date of the test (last 2 digits of the year);
b) his stamp.
G.6.4 Treatment prior to return to service
The vessel deemed satisfactory following the hydrostatic test should be dried and then given an internal
and external anticorrosion coating within 4 h of its stripping in accordance with G.6.2.1.
G.6.5 Return to service
Vessels having successfully undergone the detailed inspection and hydrostatic test, and which have
received their anticorrosion protection, may be refitted to the vehicle or device.
G.7 Analysis of the results of the annual sampling on 1 % of the population of a specific type of
vessel
Every 2 years, the results of the detailed inspections and hydrostatic tests which the vessels undergo and
which are covered by 1 % sampling and visual inspections should be analysed by a competent
administrative authority. Measures should be taken if the results of the 1 % sampling and internal
inspections show a significant trend.
G.8 Withdrawal of vehicles or devices to which the vessel is fitted
When a vehicle or device to which the vessel is fitted is withdrawn, the vessel should be discarded.
G.9 Special cases of vessels fitted to a series of vehicles being phased out, vehicles intended for
a museum, or vehicles kept in service for historical reasons
Vessels fitted to these vehicles may be maintained in service beyond 40 years subject to the following
provisions:
a) vessels removed after 40 years;
b) vessels then removed every 10 years thereafter;
in order to subject them to the operations described in G.6.
G.10 Rejection
Any vessel rejected during the surveillance operation or as a result of G.8 should be rendered unusable by
puncturing its walls to the right of the marking by means of a blow torch.
Marking stamped in the metal or on a plate welded to the wall of the vessel should be rendered illegible.
G.11 Filing of results of examination, inspections and tests
Results of examination, inspections and hydrostatic tests should be recorded in a maintenance register, or
by any means of storing and analysing them.
The results of analyses of sanctions following the detailed inspections and hydrostatic tests should be
recorded.
It should be possible to submit all the results on request at any time to the representative of the approved
body on intervention by the national administration.
G.12 Responsibilities
The service surveillance operations on the vessels should be carried out on the responsibility of the railway
companies and under the control of and under the conditions fixed by the competent administrative
authority.
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Annex H (informative)
Service surveillance of type B and C vessels
H.1 General
The maintenance recommendations presented in this annex are based on several decades of experience of
the rail networks of the United Kingdom (BR).
These recommendations meet the minimum safety requirements during normal service of types B and C
vessels.
The maintenance recommendations covered by Annex G are applicable to types B and C vessels, except for
clauses G.2, G.3 and G.4.3.2 which are replaced by clauses H.2, H.3 and H.4 below.
Types B and C vessels are divided into two groups according to their function and the type of vehicle.
H.2 Group 1 vessels
Group 1 — Vessels mounted on locomotives or motor units used with one of the following functions:
a) main reservoir;
b) brake supply reservoir;
c) supplementary reservoir.
Table H.1 — Service surveillance of group 1 vessels
Method and
Maximum interval between 2 operations Operation Removal sanction according
to Annex G
During a scheduled inspection during Visual external examination No G.4

routine maintenance of the vehicle or
device
10 years Internal and external visual Yes G.4, G.5 and G.6
examination
H.3 Group 2 vessels

Group 2 — Other vessels, all vehicles.
Table H.2 — Service surveillance of group 2 vessels
Method and
Maximum interval between 2 operations Operation Removal sanction according
to Annex G
During a scheduled inspection during Visual external examination No G.4

routine maintenance of the vehicle or
device
15 years Internal and external visual Yes G.4, G.5 and G.6
examination
H.4 Corrosion
H.4.1 Types of corrosion
The types of corrosion generally found during inspections of vessels are:
a) generalized corrosion: corrosion is described as generalized when it has caused a reduction in the
thickness of the wall over an area in excess of 20 % of the internal surface of the vessel;
b) localized corrosion: corrosion is described as localized when it has caused a reduction in the thickness
of the wall over an area in excess of 20 % of the internal surface of the vessel;
c) chain or linear corrosion: corrosion is described as chain or linear corrosion when it is in the form of a
series of pits reducing the wall thickness at localized points.
This corrosion generally occurs on the internal surface of the wall:
— over a generating line of the shell when the vessel is mounted horizontally;
— over a circumference of the end when the vessel is mounted vertically.
d) furrow-type corrosion: furrow-type corrosion is in the form of chain or linear corrosion but more
concentrated forming a furrow in the metal;
© BSI 03-2000 51
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
EN 286-3:1994
e) corrosion in isolated pits: corrosion in isolated pits is point corrosion in isolated areas. A concentration
of pits exceeding 1 per 500 mm2 is regarded as localized corrosion.
H.4.2 Rejection criteria
All criteria exceeding the following specification results in rejection of the vessel.
a) Generalized corrosion
— the original surface (vessel as-new) is no longer recognizable;
— the greatest recorded depth reaches 1 mm.
b) Localized corrosion
— the original surface (vessel as-new) is no longer recognizable in the corroded zone;
— the greatest recorded depth reaches the value of the difference between the actual vessel thickness
and the calculated minimum thickness (ecs or ech).
c) Chain or linear corrosion and furrow-type corrosion
— the total length, all types of corrosion together and in all directions, exceeds the circumference of
the vessel regardless of the depth;
— the length is less than the circumference of the vessel and the greatest recorded depth reaches the
difference between the actual thickness and the calculated minimum thickness of the shell (ecs or ech).
d) Corrosion in isolated pits
— an isolated pit has a circumscribed diameter greater than 5 mm and a depth equal to or greater
than 1 mm;
— the circumscribed diameter is less than 5 mm and the recorded depth reaches the difference
between the actual thickness and the calculated minimum thickness (ecs or ech).
H.4.3 Acceptance
If the corrosion does not result in the rejection of the vessel, corrosion protection should be re-applied in
order to guarantee the vessel against corrosion until its next examination according to the intervals
specified in H.2 and H.3.
52 © BSI 03-2000
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
BS EN 286-3:1995
National annex NA (informative)

Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted to
Technical Committee PVE/17, upon which the following bodies were represented:
Associated Offices Technical Committee

BEAMA Ltd.
British Compressed Air Society
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
Department of Trade and Industry
[Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology Division (Mmt)]
Electricity Industry in United Kingdom
Health and Safety Executive
Independent Engineering Insurers Committee
Process Plant Association
Railway Industry Association of Great Britain
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Limited)
National annex NB (informative)

Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard

BS EN 287 Approval testing of welders for fusion welding
EN 287-1 Part 1: Steels
BS EN 288 Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials
EN 288-1 Part 1: General rules for fusion welding
EN 288-2 Part 2: Welding procedures specification for arc welding
EN 288-3 Part 3: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of steels
EN 10025 BS EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels. Technical delivery
conditions
BS EN 10045 Charpy impact test on metallic materials
EN 10045-1 Part 1 Test method (V- and U-notches)
EN 10207 BS EN 10207 Steels for simple pressure vessels — Technical delivery requirements
for plates, strips and bars
EN 26520 BS EN 26520 Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with
explanations
ISO 7-1 BS 21 Specification for pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight
joints are made on the threads (metric dimensions)
ISO 228-1 BS 2779 Specification for pipe threads for tubes and fittings when pressure-tight
joints are not made on the threads (metric dimensions)
ISO 261 BS 3643 ISO metric screw threads
Part 1: Principles and basic data
© BSI 03-2000
BS EN 286-3:1995 : 1995-02
BS EN
286-3:1995
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BS EN 286-3:1995

The European Standard EN 286-3:1994 has the status of a

The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this

Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

This British Standard, having

The following BSI references

ISBN 0 580 21841 4

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 286-3

Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-09-09. CEN members

© 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Table 1 — Definitions of types of vessel

Figure 1 — Extrapolation of the guaranteed energy absorbed at break at temperature Tmin

4.2 Non-pressurized parts

Figure 2 — Position of longitudinal welds on the bottom of the shell

5.1.3 Design of the ends

Figure 3 — Position of longitudinal welds on the shell

Figure 4 — Torispherical end

5.1.3.1.2 Type B vessels

5.1.4 Calculation of shell and end thicknesses

(take eh = ecs + 1 + 0,3).

f = 108 N/mm2: the smaller of the two values:

when ech is taken

thus eh = 2,3 + 1 + 0,3 = 3,6

From Figure 5: ech/Do = 0,0072

5.1.4.2.3 Calculation of the thicknesses of the ends ech

Figure 5 — Theoretical curves for dished ends

5.1.4.3 Type C vessels

5.1.5 Welded joints of shells and ends

Figure 6 — Butt weld with centre lines aligned

Figure 7 — Butt weld with centre lines offset

Figure 9 — Weld of the shell ring to end with necked edge

5.1.5.2.2 Type B vessels

Figure 12 — Position of a hole in an end

Figure 13a Figure 13b

5.2.3 Calculation of the opening reinforcement

5.2.3.3 Reinforcement by reinforcing plate and boss

Figure 14a — Reinforcement of Figure 14b — Reinforcement of spherical

Figure 14c — Reinforcement of spherical

5.2.4 Welding of bosses

Figure 15 — Fixing of a boss by an external weld

Figure 16 — Fixing of a boss by internal and external welds

Figure 17 — Fixing of a surface mounted boss on the outside of the vessel

Figure 18 — Fixing of a surface mounted boss inside a vessel

5.2.4.2 Drainage openings

Figure 19 — Fixing of a drainage boss by an external weld

Figure 20 — Fixing of a drainage boss by internal and external welds

Figure 21a Figure 21b

Figure 22 — Dip tube fixed to an end

Figure 23 — Dip tube fixed to the shell of a horizontal vessel

Figure 24 — Dip tube fixed to the shell of a vertical vessel

Figure 25 — Dip tube fixed to a top end of a vertical vessel

Figure 27 — Fixing of a dip tube

Figure 28 — Fixing of a dip tube to a boss

Figure 29 — Recessed fixing of a dip tube to a boss

Figure 30 — Surface mounted boss with two external welds

Figure 31 — Surface mounted boss with an internal and an external weld

5.3 Fixing brackets welded onto types B and C vessels

Figure 32c Figure 32d

6 Inspection and drainage bosses

Table 3 — Diameters and locations of bosses

7.2 Marking stamped in the metal of the vessel

9 Qualification of welding procedures