CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

The temperature-based fan speed control system can be done by using an electronic circuit
using an Arduino board. Now Arduino board is very progressive among all electronic
circuits, thus we employed Arduino board for fan speed control. The proposed system is
designed to detect the temperature of the room and send that information to the Arduino
board. Then the Arduino board executes the contrast of current temperature and set
temperature based on the inbuilt program of the Arduino. Keywords- Arduino, Speed
controller, Microcontroller, speed, temperature, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Sensor duct.
Electric fan is one of the most well-known electrical devices because of its cost effectiveness
and low power consumption advantages. It is a typical circuit and broadly utilized in
numerous applications. It is also one of the most sensible solutions to offer a comfortable and
energy efficient. In fact, the fan has been for quite some time utilized and still accessible in
the market. Fan can be controlled physically by pushing on the switch button. Where right
now, change in the temperature won't give any adjustment in the fan speed. But the utilization
change the speed of the fan which is physically. So, an automatic temperature control system
technology is needed for the controlling purpose in the fan speed according to the temperature
changes. OBJECTIVE To develop an low cost, user friendly automated temperature controlled fan
regulator which reduces power consumption

In the proposed systems, Arduino plays a vital role in the smart systems development. They have
become an essential part in the present technologies that are being presented daily. This article
discusses temperature based fan speed control and monitoring system using an Arduino system.
This system is used to control the cooling system automatically based on the room temperature. The
system uses an Arduino board to implement a control system. Since this system is proposed to
control the cooling system and it is very important to know Arduino controlled system

It is built around Arduino Uno board (Board1), 16×2 LCD (LCD1), temperature sensor LM35 (IC1) and
a few other components. Arduino is at the heart of the circuit as it controls all functions. Arduino 78-
+6-*--Uno is programmed using Arduino IDE software... The temperature sensor is interfaced with
Arduino to fetch the data of temperature in the room. The data is processed if the temperature is
high fan speed is more relatively if the temperature is low fan speed is low. Moreover if the

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temperature is below the threshold set then fan will be in off condition. The data related to
temperature, fan speed is displayed on the LCD for user interaction. The fan speed is controlled.

The idea behind the project is to control the speed of the fan by difference in temperature. The
Temperature variation in the fan is an different way to deal with the speed of the motor. It is a
process in which the objects temperature is measured, and the way of heat energy passes into or
out of the object is correctly adjusted to achieve a stable temperature. This project attendances the
design and simulation of the fan speed control system based on the room temperature which is
sensed by. How the room temperature can be measured? The answer to the simple question is with
the help of a Temperature Sensor. It has been used to measure the temperature of the room and
the speed of the fan is varied according to the room temperature using Pulse Width Modulation
technique. Proposed System: In this project, microcontroller is most important and plays a vital role
in the smart systems development. It has become an essential part in the current day to day
technologies. This article discusses about the temperature based fan speed control an Arduino
system. This system is responsible for control the cooling system automatically based on the room
temperature. The system requires an Arduino board to implement a control system to this project.
The Arduino UNO board is very popular among all electronic circuits we employed Arduino UNO
board for the operation of the fan speed control. In the proposed system itself said that it is
designed to detect the temperature of the room and send that information to the Arduino UNO
board. Then the Arduino UNO board carries out the contrast of current temperature and set
temperature based on the inbuilt program of the Arduino that feed through us. The output obtained
from the operation is given through the o/p port of an Arduino UNO board to the LCD display that
connected with the board.

With the advancement in technology, intelligent systems are introduced every day.
Everything is getting more sophisticated and intelligible. There is an increase in the demand of
cutting edge technology and smart electronic systems. Microcontrollers play a very important role in
the development of the smart systems as brain is given to the system. Microcontrollers have
become the heart of the new technologies that are being introduced daily. A microcontroller is
mainly a single chip microprocessor suited for control and automation of machines and processes.
Today, microcontrollers are used in many disciplines of life for carrying out automated tasks in a
more accurate manner. Almost every modern day device including air conditioners, power tools,
toys, office machines employ microcontrollers for their operation. Microcontroller essentially
consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), timers and counters, interrupts, memory, input/output
ports, analog to digital converters (ADC) on a single chip. With this single chip integrated circuit
design of the microcontroller the size of control board is reduced, and power consumption is low.

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This project presents the design and simulation of the fan speed control system using PWM
technique based on the room temperature. A temperature sensor has been used to measure the
temperature of the room and the speed of the fan is varied according to the room temperature
using PWM technique. The duty cycle is varied from 0 to 100 to control the fan speed depending
upon the room temperature, which is displayed on Liquid Crystal Display. Temperature based fan
speed controller

1.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

In the proposed systems, microcontroller plays a vital role in the smart systems
development. Microcontrollers have become an essential part in the present technologies
that are being presented daily. This article discusses temperature based fan speed control
and monitoring system using an Arduino system. This system is used to control the cooling
system automatically based on the room temperature. The system uses an Arduino board to
implement a control system. Since this system is proposed to control the cooling system and
it is very important to know Arduino controlled system well. Temperature based fan speed
controller

1.3 DESCRIPTION:

The temperature-based fan speed control system can be done by using an electronic circuit using an
Arduino board. Now Arduino board is very progressive among all electronic circuits, thus we
employed Arduino board for fan speed control. The proposed system is designed to detect the
temperature of the room and send that information to the Arduino board. Then the Arduino board
executes the contrast of current temperature and set temperature based on the inbuilt program of
the Arduino. The outcome obtained from the operation is given through the o/p port of an Arduino
board to the LCD display of related data. The generated pulses from the board which is further fed to
the driver circuit to get the preferred output to the fan.

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1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT:
With the advancement in technology, intelligent systems are introduced every day. Everything is
getting more sophisticated and intelligible. There is an increase in the demand of cutting edge
technology and smart electronic systems.

Automatic controls play an ever-increasing role in a human way of life. Automatic control is vast
technological area whose central aim is to develop control strategies that improve performance
when they applied to a system. the distinct characteristic of automatic control is that it reduces
the human control.

One such gadget is the fan. The fans are generally available with speed control, depending on the
requirement the speed is set. Usually, when the temperature is high the fan set at high speed and
at lower temperatures the fan is operated with lower speed. This is done manually using human.
But Most human feels the badly about changing the fan rate level physically when the room
temperature change. In this project an automatic control solution is suggested to control the fan
speed according to the temperature in the room. With this automatic control we can save power
too. In present scenario, availability of electricity is found to reach crucial stage. To protect and
safeguard one's future we need to save the energy. As a slogan suggest "One unit saved is one unit
generated". The project is a standalone automatic fan speed controller that controls the speed of
an electric fan according to temperature.

CHAPTER 2

2.1 COMPONENTS
USED:

ARDUINO UNO:

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 FIG 2.1

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on
the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino
Software (IDE), based on Processing.

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects
to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists, artists,
programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great
help to novices and experts alike.

it’s simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in thousands of different
projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for
advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Teachers and students use it to build low cost
scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with programming
and robotics. Designers and architects build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for
installations and to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build
many of the projects exhibited at the Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a key tool to learn new
things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers - can start tinkering just following the step
by step instructions of a kit or sharing ideas online with other members of the Arduino community.

There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available for physical
computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Net media’s BX-24, Phi gets, MIT's Handy board, and many others

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offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy details of microcontroller programming
and wrap it up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of working with
microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested amateurs over
other systems: nexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by
hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50 Cross-platform - The Arduino
Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller
systems are limited to Windows. Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software
(IDE) is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as
well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so students
learning to program in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino IDE works.  Open
source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open source tools, available
for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through C++ libraries,
and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR
C programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your
Arduino programs if you want to. Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino
boards are published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make
their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users
can build the breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it works and save
money

BUZZER:

FIG 2.2

As shown in figure. A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. The
pin configuration of the buzzer: It includes two pins namely positive and negative. The positive
terminal of this is represented with the ‗+‘ symbol or a longer terminal. This terminal is powered
through 6Volts whereas the negative terminal is represented with the ‗- ‗symbol or short terminal
and it is connected to the GND terminal. The working principle of a buzzer depends on the theory
that, once the voltage is given across a piezoelectric material, then a pressure difference is

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produced. A piezo type includes piezo crystals among two conductors. Once a potential disparity is
given across these crystals, then they thrust one conductor & drag the additional conductor through
their internal property. So this continuous action will produce a sharp sound signal.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY[LCD]:

FIG 2.3

Liquid Crystal Display: The LCD is a dot matrix liquid crystal display that displays alphanumeric
characters and symbols. 16X2 LCD digital display has been used in the system to show the room
temperature. Liquid Crystal Display screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices
and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LED. The
reasons being: LCD are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special &
even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. A 16x2 LCD means it can
display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in
5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register
stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a
predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display
etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the
character to be displayed on the L

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 FIG 2.4

TABLE 2.1

TEMPERATURE SENSOR (DHT11):

FIG 2.5

We are using LM 35 as temperature sensor. LM 35 is a precision temperature sensor whose

output is linearly proportional to Celsius Temperature. The LM35 is rated to operate from -55°
Centigrade to 150° Centigrade with a linear scale factor of +10mv/° C

Features:

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  Calibrated directly in degree Celsius (centigrade)
 Linear +10.0 mV/ degree Celsius
 -0.5-degree Celsius accuracy (at +25degree Celsius)
 Rated for full -55-to-+150-degree Celsius range
 Suitable for remote applications
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts
 Less than 60 Micro ampere current drains
 Low self-heating, 0.08 degree Celsius in still air
 Nonlinearity only +/- 1/4 degree Celsius typical
 Low impedance output, 0.1 Ohm for 1mA load

SERVOMOTOR:

FIG 2.6

A servomotor is a linear actuator or rotary actuator that allows for precise control of linear
or angular position, acceleration, and velocity. It consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position
feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed
specifically for use with servomotors.

Servo Motor Theory:

There are some special types of applications of an electric motor where the rotation of the
motor is required for just a certain angle. For these applications, we require some special types of

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motor with some special arrangement which makes the motor rotate a certain angle for a given
electrical input (signal). For this purpose, servo motor comes into the picture.

The servo motor is usually a simple DC motor controlled for specific angular rotation with
the help of additional servomechanism (a typical closed-loop feedback control system). Nowadays,
servo systems are used widely in industrial applications.

Servo motor applications are also commonly seen in remote-controlled toy cars for
controlling the direction of motion, and it is also very widely used as the motor which moves the tray
of a CD or DVD player. Besides these, there are hundreds of servo motor applications we see in our
daily life.

The main reason behind using a servo is that it provides angular precision, i.e. it will only
rotate as much we want and then stop and wait for the next signal to take further action. The servo
motor is unlike a standard electric motor which starts turning as when we apply power to it, and the
rotation continues until we switch off the power. We cannot control the rotational progress of
electrical motor, but we can only control the speed of rotation and can turn it ON and OFF. Small
servo motors are included many beginner Arduino starter kits, as they are easy to operate as part of
a small electronics projects.

Potentiometer:

FIG 2.7

The potentiometer, commonly referred to as a “pot”, is a three terminal

mechanically operated rotary analogue device which can be found and used
in a large variety of electrical and electronic circuits. They are passive
devices, meaning they do not require a power supply or additional circuitry in
order to perform their basic linear or rotary position function.

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Battery:

FIG 2.8

The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery that supplies a

nominal voltage of 9volts. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts,
depending on battery chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and capacities are
manufactured; a very common size is known as PP3, introduced for early
transistor radios. The PP3 has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges
and two polarized snap connectors on the top. This type is commonly used
for many applications including household uses such as smoke and gas
detectors, clocks, and toys.

CHAPTER 3

3.1 CIRCUIT MODEL:

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 FIG 3.1

3.2 CIRCUIT SCHEMATICS:

FIG 3.2

These values are used an LCD shield to display the current temperature and speed of the
fan, but you can use the circuit without the LCD display. You also need to select the transistor by the
type of fan that you use. In my case I used the well-known BD139 transistor and a 9V battery to

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provide power to the fan and transistor. The DHT11 temperature sensor and red led are powered
with 5V from the Arduino board. As you can see in the sketch on the first line, I included the Liquid
Crystal library (header) that includes useful functions to use when an LCD is connected to the
Arduino board. Then I set the pins for the sensor, led and fan. The most important part is to set the
variables temp Min and temp Max with your desired values. Temp Min is the temperature at which
the fan starts to spin and temp Max is the temperature when the red led lights warning you that the
maximum temp was reached. For example if you set temp Min at 30 and temp Max at 35 then the
fan will start spinning at 30°C and reach its maximum speed at 35°C. We store the temperature value
in the temp variable and then use some if() functions to check if temp is lower than temp Min and if
so, let the fan OFF (LOW). The next if() is to check if temperature is higher than the min Temp and
lower than the temp Max and if so then use the map() function to re-map the temp value from one
value to another. In our case fan Speed will have a value of 32 at temp Min and 255 at temp
Max.These values used to control the speed of the fan using PWM and the analog Write(). The fan
LCD re-maps the temp to allow the display of fan Speed in a 0 to 100% range so you can say that the
speed of the fan is directly dependent of the DHT11 temperature. When the temperature reaches
the value set in temp Max the fan will be at its maximum spinning velocity and the LCD will display
FANS: 100% even though the temperature might increase above temp Max. The rest of the
explanation can be read in the comments area of the Arduino sketch.

The Special Feature Of Our Project Is That We Implimented The Cricket Sound That The Creature Or
Insect Which Produce A Sound That We Worked To Get A Sound On Buzzer.That Sound Produced By
The Insect Has A Application Of,Most Of The Human Beings Get Sleep Early Hearing That Sound
Produced By That Insect, Moreover The City People Can’t Get That Sound And Not Known As Well
But In Villeages The Farmers Or Those Who Sleep Outside The House Known.For Some Of The People
That The Fan Sound Is Must To Sleep And Some Of Them Can’t Sleep Without Light And Some Other
For Mosquito Sound Or Etc.,Somehow We Are Addicted For Some Sounds To Get Sleep.It Is
Scientifically Proofthat Human Tendency To Addiction Of Sound,When The People Of The Rural
Areas Are Getting Natural Things,Since We City People Are Not Knowing Any Natural Sound That
Produced By The Insects So Keeping That In Mind We Used To Introduce Our New Special Theme Of
Our Project Is That The Cricket Sound That Produced By The Insect Through Buzzer

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Advantages:

1. This will help in saving the energy / electricity.

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 2. To monitor the environments that is not comfortable, or possible, for
humans to monitor, especially for extended periods of time.
3. Prevents waste of energy when it’s not hot enough for a fan to be needed.
4. To assist people who are disabled to adjust the fan speed automatically.
5. The buzzer sound which resembles the cricket insect sound improves the

relaxation to mind and produces good sleep.

4.2 Disadvantages:

1. It can only be maintained by technical person. Thus, it becomes difficult to

be maintained.

2. Due to temperature variation, after sometimes its efficiency may decrease.

3.The cricket buzzer sound may not be pleasant to all some people may find it

disturbing.

CHAPTER 5

APPLICATIONS:

1. This project can be used for domestic purpose.

2. This project can be used in Industry.

CHAPTER 6

6.1 Future Scope:

1. We can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and at the same time

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 control them.

2. We can send this data to a remote location using mobile or internet.

3. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer.

4. When temperature exceeds the limit, a call will be dialed to the respective

given number by an automatic dialer system.

CONCLUSION:

Reference:

[1] Liu, Y., Zeng, J. and Wang, C. (2009). Temperature Monitoring in Laser Assisted Polymer Bonding
for MEMS Packaging Using a thin Film Sensor Array, IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, New
Orleans, LA , USA.

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[2] Jung, W., You, J. and Won, S. (2008). Temperature Monitoring System for Inductive Heater Oven
(pp.1734-1737), International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Seoul Korea.[3]
Chiueh, H., Choma, J. and Draper, J. (2000). Implementation of a temperature Monitoring Interface
Circuit for Power PC Systems (pp.98-101), Proceedings of the 43rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits
and Systems, Lansing MI, USA.

[4] Mehta V. K and Mehta R. (2007). Principle of Electronics, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi,

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