ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Human being requires nearly 12 15

times more air than the food
So even small amount of pollutants
the air become
in significant compared
to similar levels present in the
food
Environmental pollution
Environmental pollution is the effect of
undesirable changes in our surroundings
that have harmful effects on plants
animals human
beings
A substance which causes pollution is
called Pollutant
Pollutants

v v

Degradable Non degradable

exe ed
fruits vegetables Plastic DDT
organic matter heavy metals
Atmospheric Pollution

Troposphere stratosphere
Lowest region of lo 50 km
from
atmosphere sea level

10 Km from sea level contains Nz Oz

03 and little
contains air water water vapour
vapours clouds
 Tropospheric
Pollution

Gaseous Particulate
air pollutants pollutants
oxides of Dust
S N C

Has Mist

Hydrocarbons smoke

Ozone
Smog

i 5oz
sulphur containing combusting 502 503
fuel major
Respiratory disease
5oz like asthma bronchitis
causes
Irritation to
eyes
Leads to buds
Stiffness of flower
Particulate catalyses oxidation of Soa into Sg
ii oxides of N
A NO
fuel 142 02
burning Not Oz NOL
03 increases rate of N 2 production
03T NO NG t 02
plant leaves
DamagePhotosynthesis
retard
N 2 LUngcriefp.fr zyntdisease children
Toxic to living tissues

Iii Hydrocarbons
combustion of
Formed by incomplete
automobile
fuels
Hydrocarbondes Carcinogenic
cancer causing
Harm plants by
causing ageing
breakdown of tissues

Iv Oxides of carbon
co produces oxygen deficiency in human
resulting into Headache
weak eyesight
Cardiovascular
disorder
Co2 Responsible for global warming
CO2 CHA 03 CFC's H2O v

Cause global warming

Increase in the global temperature
increases the incidence of like
disease

Dengue malaria yellow fever sleepingsickness

Acid Rain

Bateson
Effects

Particulate pollutants

minute solid particles or liquid droplets

in the air

May be viable or non viable

Bacteria smoke
Dust
fungi
mists
algae
fumes
smoke
fog Smog
 55mn09 Into

v v

classical Photochemical
t
Smoke
fog 502 smoke fog 03
acrolein t PANTHCHOT

Reducing mixture High concentration of

oxidisers

Reducing smog oxidising smog

occurs in cool occurs in warm
humid climate dry sunny climate

Photochemical smog formation

fossil fuels burning eofmission No HC's
Not 02 NOL
chain N 2 sunlight Not Co
Rin 02 10 Oz

I 03T NO worst 02
 03 oxidiser reacts with unburnt teds
in polluted air to produce chemicals
C H CHO t CH2 CH CHO t PAN
Hat03
1 Nose
CHz id o O
02 N

Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Effects

control
controlling primary precursors like Ng tee
controlling secondary precursors like PAN 03
add on
Stratospheric pollution
ozone depletion

CFC's are responsible for ozone

layer depletion
Non reactive
CFC's non
flammable
Non toxic
were used in Ac refrigerators
UV Clot EFace
CFace
Clot Oz
af I at a
continuous regeneration of ee

Effects
International standards
for drinking water

as
µ oxygen

The amount of oxygen that water can

hold in the solution is dissolved
oxygen

In cold water Do can reach upto

10 ppm

If Do is below 6
ppm the
fishes is inhibited
growth of
Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD

The amount of oxygen required by

bacteria to break down the
organic matter present in a certain
volume of a sample of water is
called BOD

clean water Less than 5 ppm

1
Highly polluted water 17 ppm or more

Amount of BOD is measure of organic

waste present in water
 Chemical Oxygen Demand COD

Amount of oxygen required to oxidise

the substances is COD
polluting
measure by treating given sample
of water with
oxidising agent like
K
acidified 207

Eutrophication
Nutrient enriched water bodies support
a dense plant population which kills
animal life it of oxygen
by depriving loss
and result in subsequent of
biodiversity
Addition in water enhance
of phosphates
algae growth
Soil pollution

caused Pesticides
by

a
Bhopal gas tragedy

MIC 0
Methyl isocyanate Hz N
was used to
being manufacture
insecticide Carbaryl
Due to leakage in tank MIC

escaped into atmosphere and

caused loss of lives insuries