Marcojos Airagen Bsba 1g Module For Prelim

Davao Oriental State College of Science & Technology
Institute of Education and Teacher Training

Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, Davao Oriental
The
Contemporary
World
A Course
Pack
Helina Jean P. Dupa, PhD John Rey R. Codilla, MAEd May-One M. Malintad
2020 Edition
The Contemporary World:
A Course Pack
2020 Edition
HELINA JEAN P. DUPA, PhD
JOHN REY R. CODILLA, MAEd
MAY-ONE M. MALINTAD
Authors
No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means without permission in writing from the author.
Acknowledgement:
Some parts of this module are adapted from the Work of Abuso, M.G.A., Bretaña,
J.H., Dupa, H.J.P., Garma, C.K.G., Sereñas, C.L.R. enitled Localizing Contexts of
Globalization in Mindanao: Materials Development for the new GEC “The Contemporary
World,” a CHED-CPE granted project in 2019.
THE CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE Page 2
ABOUT THE AUTHORS Page 2
COURSE SPECIFICATION Page 4
COURSE PACK STRUCTURE Page 5
MODULE 1 Page 6
MODULE 2 Page 21
REFERENCES Page 45
PREFACE
It is just relevant to introduce future professionals to the contemporary world by examining the
multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Beyond exposing the student to the world outside the
Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global ethical responsibility.
Indeed, our goals are to help students appreciate and understand various themes of human
experience, to help them respond critically and constructively and to understand ethical
dimensions of what they say and do in connection to the different global contemporary issues. In
order to achieve these goals in these trying times of pandemic, modules are very important
materials towards gearing to the new normal. We cannot suppress student’s freedom to learn, all
students should continue to learn and grow in knowledge even in the midst of pandemic. We are
in this battle and in this mission. Let us work together!
ABOUT THE
AUTHORS
Helina Jean Perez-Dupa is an Associate Professor I of
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology, Mati City,
Davao Oriental. She is a graduate of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology at
Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan as a CHED scholar. She is a
former College and Board Secretary; Chairperson of the Education and
Teacher Training Department; Head of the Sports and Wellness
Development Center. She is also a former Research Development and
Extension Coordinator and currently serves as Program Head –
designate of the Bachelor of Elementary Education of the Institute of
Education and Teacher Training. She currently serves as Program Head
– designate of the Bachelor of Elementary Education.
She has published a co-authored research entitled “The
PhysiologicalPerceptual Preferences of the Preschoolers in DOSCST and their Implications to their
Learning Environment.” She has presented other completed researches at the DOSCST In-House
Reviews and was awarded Best Paper Presenter in one of those presentations. She is one of the writers
of a Module for the New GEC “The Contemporary World,” a CHED-funded project with Xavier University-
Ateneo de Cagayan, Bukidnon State University, and Mountain View College. Also, she is one of the
writers of the newly initiated CHED PROJECT WRITE.
Presently, she is affiliated to the Philippine Sociological Society (PSS) as one of the Board of
Directors cum Board Secretary.
3
Mr. John Rey R. Codilla is a Licensed Professional

Teacher, who finished his Master of Arts in Education major in
Sociology degree at the University of Immaculate Conception
(UIC) in 2019 and his Bachelor of Secondary Education major
in English degree at Davao Oriental State College of Science
and Technology (DOSCST) in 2016 as Magna Cum Laude
and Class Valedictorian.
He is a faculty member of DOSCST’s Institute of

Education and Teacher Training (IETT) since 2017 and has
been assigned to various academic, administrative and
research and development functions. Moreover, he has also
devoted himself in leading and participating community
development projects particularly on disaster mitigation strategies and deradicalization
programs.
His outstanding performance has been recognized in the local, national and
international contexts. In fact, he was a Siglakas 2014 and 2015 Extemporaneous Speaking
Champion in DOSCST, ranked first in Region XI for the same contest during the MASTS
Friendship Games in Zamboanga Del Sur in 2015 and, eventually on the same year, he
represented the region in the PASUC national competitions at Bicol University. In his desire to
share the skills he has blessed with, he is now coaching and winning various writing and
speaking contests. In addition to these laurels, just last January of this year, Mr. Codilla won
the Best Paper Award on the 2nd De La Salle Araneta University International Multidisciplinary
Research Conference for his paper, “Violent Incidents and School Safety: Avatar of the 21st
Century Basic Education Community.”
With his personal and professional aspirations, he is currently pursuing a Juris Doctor
degree at the Jose Maria College – College of Law.
Ms. May-One M. Malintad is a faculty in

Davao Oriental State College of Science and
Technology handling social sciences subjects. She
graduated in the University of Southeastern
Philippines-Mintal Campus with a degree of Bachelor
of Arts in Anthropology. Currently, she is taking her
Master's Degree in Anthropology at Ateneo De Davao
University.
Her experiences and exposures in various

Indigenous communities, government and non-
government organizations (NGOs) and participation to
leadership trainings way back when she was a college
student and an academic grantee equipped her in whatever position and field she is going
to be in. All of these are reinforced also while she is collaborating, integrating and teaming
up with students and colleagues in the field.
54
COURSE SPECIFICATION
Course Title The Contemporary World
Course This course introduces students to the contemporary world by
Description examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the
various disciplines of social sciences, it examines the economic, social,
political, technological, and other transformations that have created an
increasing awareness of interconnectedness of peoples and places
around the globe. The course also provides an overview of various
debates in global government’s development, and sustainability. Beyond
exposing the student to the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to
inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global ethical responsibility.
Units 3.00
Course Learning Outcomes

CLO 1 Distinguish the different interpretations of and approaches to
globalization
CLO 2 Describe the emergence of global economic, political, social and
cultural systems
CLO 3 Analyze the various drivers of globalization
CLO 4 Understand the issue confronting the nation-state
CLO 5 Assess the effects of globalization on different social units and their
responses to the Emergence of Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIRe)
CLO 6 Identify the ethical implications of global citizenship

CLO 7 Write a simple paper review on research issues of globalization in
Mindanao/Philippines
COURSE PACK STRUCTURE

Module Lessons
PRELIMINARY PERIOD
1. What is the Lesson 1 – Introducing the Contemporary World

Contemporary Lesson 2 – Establishing the Nations
World? Lesson 3 – The Global Interstate
2. How Lesson 1 – Contemporary Global Governance

Globalization is Lesson 2 – The Global Economy
Facilitated? Lesson 3 – Market Integration
MID-TERM PERIOD
3. Lesson 1 – Global Divides: The North and South

Contemporary Lesson 2 – Regionalism and ASEAN
Regions of the
World
4. Ideas for Lesson 1 – Global Media Cultures

Globalization Lesson 2 – Globalization of Religion
Lesson 3 – Researching Globalization
FINAL PERIOD
5. Global Lesson 1 - The Global Cities

Population and Lesson 2 – Global Mobility
Mobility Lesson 3 - Global Demography and Migration
6. Creating a Lesson 1 – Sustainable Development

Just World Lesson 2 – Global Food Security
Lesson 3 – Global Citizenship
7. Globalization Lesson 1- Timeline of Industrial Revolutions

and the Era of Lesson 2- The Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIRe)
Fire
MODULE 1
6
What is the o temoray old

C placeItinis the
n ppast, you
r tryW r?
clear that when you write a story that takes
to show what really happened
in those times. But you are always moved by the
suspicion that you are also showing something about
our contemporary
world. - Umberto
Hello, students!
Eco
Welcome to your first semester of academic learning that shall

prepare you to be effective professionals in the long run.
At present, we are in a quite challenging and interesting situation

but this shall not hinder us to continually learn by exploring all the
possible means to achieve your dreams in whatever profession
you are taking.
Success is, most of the time, a collective effort. So, let us be

altogether in attaining our objectives for this course.
Lesson 1 – Introducing the Contemporary

T h i s World
Module will allow
Lesson 2 – Establishing the Nations
you to explore the
Lesson 3 – The Global Interstate
following lessons:
Lesson 1 7
I t oducing o te oray ol
nr the C n mpr W r d
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
a. articulate what makes globalization contemporary;

b. identify the conceptions of globalization and its underlying philosophies; and
Introduction:
The first lesson introduces Globalization by providing the

various definitions of globalization and reflects on how these
definitions are contextualized in the Mindanaoan setting.
CTIVITY
When you hear the word “globalization”, what concepts/terms come to your mind
immediately?
In this activity, you will engage in a free association exercise of ideas you associate
with “globalization.” In the diagram, you will find rectangular objects. List inside the
rectangular ones the terms/concepts you can associate with globalization. Then, out of these
concepts/terms, develop your definition of globalization and write it on the lines found on the
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Globalization _________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
8
NALYSIS
Answer these questions which will serve as your guide throughout this particular
lesson.
1.Is it possible to make friends with someone who lives outside the Philippines? Is it
possible to stay in touch with them? What makes this possible?
-Yes, in a way that relates society, it leads to greater interaction among various
population.
2.Identify a local clothing brand (shirts, shoe brands, bags, etc.). Are their products
made in the Philippines? If not, why do you think they choose to manufacture their products abroad?
-Local clothing product brand such as Nike, Gucci, Lacoste, Hanes, and many more. The
mentioned products are not made by the Philippines, it is originating in a distant foreign country.
They choose to manufacture their products abroad to obtain a financial advantage or benefit from
an investment.
3.What sports do you like to play or watch? Is this sports famous only in the
Philippines? Do you watch the local and/or international tournaments of this sports? How are
you able to watch the international tournaments?
– I love to play Table Tennis and/or was originally called Ping-Pong, a trade name. This
sport is not popular only in the Philippines but also in different country especially in England. I
rarely watch the local or international tournaments of this sport because of some reason but
sometimes when I have enough time to watch it is through Facebook live or youtube.
BSTRACTION
You may experience the process of globalization when you purchase a product
from your local sari-sari store that was manufactured in China or when you find out
about the current events in New Zealand through the internet. Consider how
immigration policies of the Donald Trump can have great impacts on the goals and
actions of Filipino professionals. Take note also how the Corona Virus 2019 has tarted
to become a global health emergency affecting every country in the world when it only
This lesson focuses on the discussion of how globalization is defined on Anthony
Gidden’s (2007) proposal which describes globalization as "the intensification of
worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local
happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”.
9
originally happened from a single village in Wuhan, China. This is what Gidden
meant when he says globalization is when “local happenings are shaped by events
occurring many miles away”. Now, from the same definition, let us delineate further the
assumptions that underpin how globalization occurs:
a. Globalization involves the intensification of social relations worldwide. Social

relations in the form of interactions, conversations, expression of emotions, etc. is
now possible.
b. Globalization links worldwide distant localities.
c. Globalization enables for events many miles away to shape local happenings, and
vice versa.
Another way so that we can understand how globalization occurs is through the
concept of “global village” introduced by Marshall McLuhan. In his book, Gutenberg
Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (1962), Mcluhan introduced the term “global
village” to describe how mass communication technologies such as newspapers, books,
radio, television and movies have created a community that spans the entire world. Today,
we include the internet, cable TV and social media as electronic media that bind the global
village.
“May Starbucks ba sa Mindanao?”

by Ma. Gretchen A. Abuso
Back in January 2019, I, along with nine (9)

Filipino youth I met in a leadership training in Bangkok
mounted a workshop for university students in Mindanao.
As we were deciding on the prizes we planned to give out
during the workshop, one of my team mates who is a
native of Manila, asked: “May Starbucks ba sa
Mindanao?” [Is there Starbucks in Mindanao?]. While I
found this innocent question funny, it is revealing
Starbucks Torres St. is the 8th Starbucks store
in Mindanao and the 1st stand alone in Davao
how some Filipinos from other parts of the country may City. Source:
view Mindanao as rural, underdeveloped and untouched https://www.facebook.com/DavaoFoodGuidePH/
photos/a.1040449415979393/1676957212328607/?
by globalization. type=3&permPage=1
When Starbucks opened its first branch in the Philippines back in 1997 in Makati
City (Uy, 2017), it has since then brought their “coffee experience” to other parts of the
country including Cagayan de Oro, Davao and General Santos.
Filipino historian Lisandro Claudio observed the presence of Starbucks branches

right across shanties and slum areas that characterize the major cities in the Philippines.
Claudio (2014) writes:
At first glance, the coexistence of the Starbucks and the shanty point to the
incompleteness of globalization in the global south. If one conceives of globalization
as the spreading and consumption of cultural/commercial signifiers, the shanty
10
PPLICATION
Oops! What’s News?
For this task, you will find and read three (3) newspaper or magazine op-eds
represents the tenacity of the local, which is unable to participate in a cosmopolitan
culture represented by the Starbucks. The underdevelopment of the global south, it
would seem, prevents it from being globalized, revealing the inherent unevenness of
the process.
Here in Claudio’s take on the how globalization occurs in countries like the
Philippines, he points to the “inherent unevenness of the process”. Claudio reminds us that
while we, in our respective locales, participate globalization through the foreign films we
watch in the local cinemas, the H&M or Forever 21 clothes we wear or the Starbucks
coffee we drink, the impact of globalization is not the same for everyone. However, Claudio
also recognizes that the presence of global brands in Philippine cities, such as Manila,
Davao or Zamboangas, speaks of the “tenacity of the local”; that despite the difficulties
entailed in participating in globalization by ordinary citizens, including Mindanaoans, we
still try to experience this phenomenon called “globalization”.
(either local or international issues) discussing globalization. An op-ed, short for
"opposite the editorial page", is a written prose piece typically published by a
newspaper or magazine which expresses the opinion of an author usually not
affiliated with the publication's editorial board. Op-eds are different from both
editorials (opinion pieces submitted by editorial board members) and letters to
the editor (opinion pieces submitted by readers).
After reading three (3) op-eds, write a 50-word summary for each op-ed by
identifying the underlying definitions of globalization the op-ed writers used. Outputs
must be written in an A4-sized bond paper. Your outputs shall be rated using the
following rubric:
Criteria Exemplary (10) Accomplished (7) Developing (5) Beginning (3)
Topic/Activity/
Directly relevant Somewhat relevant Remotely related Totally unrelated
Strategy
Some organization; Poorly organized; no

Organized; points are
Good organization; points are logically points jump around; logical progression;
Organization somewhat jumpy; sense
ordered; sharp sense of beginning and end beginning and ending beginning and ending
of beginning and ending
are unclear are vague
Some details are Details are somewhat
Quality of Unable to find specific
Supporting details specific to subject nonsupporting to the sketchy. Do not support
Information details
subject topic
Grammar, Usage, Numerous errors distract
No errors Only one or two errors More than two errors
Mechanics, Spelling from understanding
Vocabulary is
Vocabulary is varied; supporting details Vocabulary is varied; Basic vocabulary; needs
Interest Level unimaginative; details
vivid supporting details useful descriptive words
lack “color”
Few ideas are original; Only some ideas are Most of the ideas are
Ideas are original; Ideas taken from other ideas taken from other original and those taken plagiarized, not cited, not
Originality/
sources are excellently paraphrased and sources are from other sources are paraphrased. No ideas
Referencing
cited. paraphrased and cited not paraphrased and found to be original.
well. cited well.
Submitted on same day Submitted after 2 or
Timeliness Submitted on time or before the deadline Submitted after 1 day
but after the set deadline more days
Congratulations! You were able to articulate and understand the definition of

globalization using your own experiences and the experiences of other people. Get ready for
the next lesson.
12
conflict?
BSTRACTION
conflict?
[m]onarchs granted themselves and one another the authority to speak for,
1
3 make commitments for, and sign treaties on behalf of the people they claimed to
represent. In return, they obligated themselves to care for the common good, protecting
people’s security, economy, and other interests. States granted themselves a monopoly on
the use of violence within their borders, and the right to use violence in protection of their
people. Without the power to compel people to act, states could not make promises on the
international stage.
Photo of the Tomb
Sulu-China Relations
The preceding text discussed how nations began from communities and how
nations establish relations with other nations through an international system. In the
following narrative, we will be acquainted with how one area in Mindanao had forged
and maintained relations with another nation.
Abu Bakr established the Sultanate of Sulu in 1450 (Abinales, 2006). Sulu, is
the island group in the southwest of Mindanao and northeast of Borneo, was the first
sultanate and supra-barangay state in the Philippine archipelago. Its economy was
traditionally commercially oriented. More than a hundred years before the Spaniards
came, Sulu participated in expansive maritime network of trade in southeast asia. They
had expert navigators and merchants who travelled in small craft, trading as far as
Brunei and Ternate (Indonesia).
Sulu had already appeared in Chinese records beginning in 1349 having sent
several tribute missions during the early Ming dynasty. In one such mission, Paduka
Pahala, who travelled to China to pay fealty in person fell ill and died at the Chinese
court in 1417. The Chinese emperor, Yongle, arranged an elaborate funeral as
"standard for a brother of the empire" (Tordesillas, 2015). This historical incident is only
one evidence of Sulu’s vibrant and strong trading and political relations with other
nations prior to the arrival of the Spaniards on the shores of Limasawa in 1521.
14
PPLICATION
Your task is to watch a news feature about the Sultan who died in
Shantung, China through this link:
Topic/Activity/ https://www.youtube.com/watc h?
v=JQSFg2mYs
Strategy k4
After watching the video, you are to compose

Good organization; points are
a short
Organized; points reflection
are somewhat
Some organization;
Poorly organized;
no logical
about the Philippine-China
Organization logicallyrelations.
ordered; sharpYour reflection
sense of mustof be written
jumpy; sense in an
points jump around;
beginning and
progression;
beginning and end beginning and beginning and
A4-sized bond paper. Outputs shall be rated using the
ending rubric below.
ending are unclear
ending are vague
Details are
Some details are
Quality of Supporting details specific to somewhat sketchy. Unable to find
non-supporting to
Information subject Do not support specific details
the subject
topic
Grammar,
Numerous errors
Usage, Only one or two More than two
No errors distract from
Mechanics, errors errors
understanding
Spelling
Vocabulary is Vocabulary is Basic vocabulary;

Vocabulary is varied; supporting
Interest Level varied; supporting unimaginative; needs descriptive
details vivid
details useful details lack “color” words
Only some ideas are Most of the ideas

Few ideas are
original and those are plagiarized, not
Ideas are original; Ideas taken from original; ideas taken
Originality/ taken from other cited, not
other sources are excellently from other sources
Referencing sources are not paraphrased. No
paraphrased and cited. are paraphrased
paraphrased and ideas found to be
and cited well.
cited well. original.
Submitted on same
Submitted on time or before the Submitted after 1 Submitted after 2 or
Timeliness day but after the set
deadline day more days
deadline
By the middle of the 16th century, the Sulu Sultanate was already considered a
de facto and de jure nation state, having entered treaties with Spain in 1578, Britain in
1761, the French in 1843 and the Americans in 1842, 1899 and 1915
(CaballeroAnthony, 2007 ).
Congratulations! You have analyzed well the diffusion of the nation-
state from the treaty of Westphalia to the wave of contemporary nation-state
building and have learned the concept of “Nationhood” in the Westphalia Treaty.
You were able to write to reflection also about the relations of Philippines and
China.
Now, get ready for the next lesson!
15
Lesson 3
This section shall assess how you could utilize the knowledge you gained from the previous
The Global e stat

Int re
Learning Outcomes:
a. explain the effects of globalization on governments; and
b. identify the institutions that govern international relations.
Introduction:
In the final lesson of this module, we will get to know how modern nations
deal with each other in a global interstate system by understanding the
imperialism and colonialism.
CTIVITY
sections of the Before going on to the main topics of the lesson, you have to read first a
lesson. Now that yo discussion on the world systems theory through the thishttp://web.mit.ed
link: u/
acquainted with the esd.83/www/notebook/WorldSystem.p df
NALYSIS
From the material that you have read, try to answer the following questions:
1. What is the world systems theory?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How did colonialism shape the current global political and economic hierarchy?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
16
BSTRACTION
Imperialism refers to the various methods that one country employs to gain political,
economic and military control over another country or geographic area (Ritzer and Dean, 2015).
Colonialism, on the other hand, is the one of the methods in which one country takes control of a
geographic area that involves the settlement of settlers (ex. Spaniards in the Philippines) and
formal mechanisms of control such as the appointment of a governor general to the Philippines
or viceroy to India. The key difference between imperialism and colonialism is that “imperialism
means the practice, the theory, and the attitudes of the dominating core in ruling the distant
territory while ‘colonialism’ that is usually the consequence of imperialism, is the implanting of
settlements on distant territory” (Said in Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin 1998: 45). The era when
colonial masters depart from their former colonies has been labelled post-colonial period.
To sum up, imperialism and colonialism are the ways in which nations of the past asserted
dominance and influence on each other. The fact that we now have concepts such as
neocolonialism and “US imperialism” means that these mechanisms have not ended yet.
The state model in Europe formed out of the treaty of Westphalia was brought to the
colonized lands. Beginning in the late 1400’s, European states, especially the Spaniards and
Portuguese, claimed territories over vast areas of sparsely settled lands in the Americas, Asia,
Africa and Oceania. European colonizers marked the boundaries in their new territories wherein
they exercised dominion. The “Age of Discovery” began with the Spanish, who conquered the
Aztecs and the Incas, explored and colonized widely in the Caribbean, Mexico, the southern
portions of what was to become the United States, and Central and South America. Spain was
able to extend their dominion to the Pacific when they colonized the Philippines and Guam. The
Portuguese empire, on the other hand, included Brazil, the largest colonial territory in South
America; Angola and Mozambique in Africa; and Goa in South Asia. However, beginning in the
early early 19th century, rebellions and wars for independence ended the first phase of European
colonialism. By 1825, most of Spain’s colonies were politically independent but they managed to
hold on to Cuba and the Philippines until 1898 (Kottak, 2011).
How Colonialism shaped current global political and economic hierarchy?
Colonialism has brought many territories all over the world with environments severely
ravaged (liquidated/ extracted), education of most populations neglected, and infused severe
ethnic and religious tensions. Most former colonies had economies and infrastructure based on
the export of agricultural crops and minerals. Because most had weak to no democratic
institutions, many of these colonies were unprepared for statehood or economic prosperity
(Chirico, 2013)
In the post-colonial era, many nations, including the Philippines, define their borders
based on the lines drawn by their former colonial masters. Understanding how nations conduct
affairs today in the global stage entails the recognition of its colonial past. As Ritzer and Dean
(2015) reminds us, postcolonialism relates “to the various developments that take place in a
former colony after the colonizing power departs”. While colonial systems have largely
disappeared, this power relationship endured through multinational corporations and global
financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These World
Bank and IMF, which are largely dominated by the rich core countries, provide loans
to countries in the periphery and semiperiphery countires. By setting the terms of these global
loans and repayment, they ensure financial rewards flow back to wealthy countries.
17
Although 130 former colonies gained their independence over the course of the twentieth
century, exploitation continues today through neocolonialism (neo is Greek for “new”), a new form
of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic exploitation by
multinational corporations (Macionis, 2012). A multinational corporation is a large business that
operates in many countries. Corporate leaders often impose their will on countries in which they do
business to create favorable economic conditions for the operation of their corporations, just as
colonizers did in the past (Bonanno, Constance, & Lorenz, 2000).
And like many former colonies, the Philippines is a prime example of a nation struggling
economically as a result of hundreds of years colonial exploitation by the Spaniards and the
Americans.
Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory
Today’s global economy is largely shaped by colonialism, which designated some countries
as sources of resources, cheap labor, and markets. It left a political legacy of weak governments
dominated by oligarchies, monarchies, or dictators leaving most of the population deprived of basic
services and unable to rise form poverty.
An excellent way of understanding how colonialism shaped global political and economic
hierarchy of societies of today is through Immanuel Wallerstein’s model of the “capitalist world
economy, which suggests that the prosperity of some nations and the poverty and dependency of
other countries is intentional as a result of the global economic system (Macionis, 2012). The
World Systems Theory is also discussed in lesson two of module two as a form of economic
globalization. For now, we will use this theory to understand how impacts/ effects of colonization is
manifested in modern states. Wallerstein attributes the structure of the global economy to
colonization that began 500 years that enabled Europeans to gather wealth from the rest of the
world.
Wealthy nations are designated by Wallerstein as the core of the world economy. Through
colonialism, these countries funneled raw materials from around the world to Western Europe
which powered the Industrial Revolution. On the other hand, low-income countries are the
periphery of the world economy. Through colonialism, these poor nations provide raw materials,
cheap labor, and a vast market for industrial products that enrich the core countries through their
multinational corporations.
Consequently, the world economy benefits rich societies by generating more profits for wealth
countries at the expense of poor countries.
The world economy thus makes poor nations dependent on rich ones. Today, multinational
corporations operate profitably worldwide, channeling wealth to North America, Western Europe,
Australia, and Japan. For more comprehensive discussion of the world systems theory
(MartínezVela, 2001).
How Globalization Affects National Governments?

For some nations in the periphery, they have no choice but to participate in
globalization even as this renders them in exploitative relationships with the core countries.
Another way that globalization affects governments is that it makes possible for countries and
people from all over the world to be more connected and interdependent economically, politically,
and socially.
18
Below is an excerpt from Chirico’s (2013) Chapter on Globalizing Political Culture and
State Governance.
Globalization affects internal changes in states through external and internal
pressures. External pressures on states compel conformity to global standards/
Globalization pressures confront states wth a variety of potential costs if they refuse
to comply and promise benefits if they do. States conform global standards to gain
admission to regional and interest-based alliances, such as the ASEAN and APEC,
to receive loans, attract investments, gain trading partners, or simply maintain a good
reputation and legitimacy in the eyes of their domestic audience, their allies and the
world generally.
Under the terms of Westphalia, whoever held power was recognized by the rest of
the world as the government, regardless of how they attained their rule. Bestowing
legitimacy on a state government is an important function of globalization. Internal
pressures for change come from citizens and other state actors such as institutions
and NGOs.
Over the course of globalization, the structure and dynamics of governance within
countries has continued to evolve. Pressures to develop the structural mechanisms
and normative principles on which governance is judged have never been greater.
Now there is no state function--- from providing welfare, granting protection of rights,
to security and the conduct of foreign affairs—that is unaffected by globalization.
The intensity of countries’ interdependence and the breadth and depth of global
systems has put governance within and among countries at the center of
globalization debates. How countries govern matters to other countries and to the
mechanics of global economy, polity, and social community. The pressures on states
to conform to global standards result from the diffusion of emerging global political
culture and participation in global systems.
To understand why “how countries govern matters to other countries and to the
mechanics of global economy”, let us discuss the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI).
WGI is comprised of a set of composite indicators governance published by World Bank. A
country’s score in the WGI determine the its likelihood of attracting foreign investments,
tourism, financial and other forms of aid, and global reputation. In other words, the WGI is
similar to Westphalia Treaty in that it is a set of norms in which countries abide in order to
create and maintain relations with other countries.
These set of norms set by the WGI are elaborated in its six dimensions of
governance including: Voice and Accountability; Political Stability and Absence of Violence/
Terrorism; Government Effectiveness; Regulatory Quality; Rule of Law; and Control of
Corruption. In western standards, each of these aspects of governance matters for
development, and so unsurprisingly rich countries on average rank higher in the WGI than
poor countries do (Kaufmann & Kraay, 2017).
19
Imperial Manila and the Marginalization of Mindanao
National capitals have always served as representations of power in the nation and
before the world, so that Manila has generally been viewed as the Philippines and the
Filipino people. It is the seat of political-economic and sociocultural power. Manila is a
metropolis, ‘the economic and political epicentre of the country’. Manila connects the country
to the world, being the major transport, finance, political, and socio-cultural hub of the nation
(Porio, 2009).
Because of this, the term ‘Imperial Manila’ was coined to describe the dominance of
the capital city in the economic and political affairs over local governments. Among the main
complaints are:
- that imperial Manila benefits disproportionately from both public and private sector
spending and investments;
- that it controls public spending allocations to LGUs; and
- that it also passes on unfunded mandates to local government units (LGUs), further
shrinking their elbow room to finance and craft their homegrown development strategies.
Thus the present system is reflective of the core-periphery analyses of Wallerstein,

wherein the local governments represents the periphery that depends heavily on the central
government that seated in Manila. On the other hand, the central government fails to support
decentralization, and often ends up consolidating power by controlling much of the public
resource allocations leading to underdevelopment in many local provinces (Mendoza &
Ocampo, 2017).
Looking at the poverty incidence in Mindanao, we might say this is not far from truth.
As of 2015, poverty incidence in Mindanao is at 36.2% which higher than the national
average of 21.6%. The largest share of the country’s poor population comes from Mindanao
with four of the five poorest regions are in Mindanao: Regions IX, X, XII, and XIII, and the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, all of which had poverty incidence above 39% in
2015 (ADB, 2017).
PPLICATION
Presenting the Worldwide Governance Indicators
In this task, the following mechanics must be followed:
1. Find a partner classmate in this activity.
2. Choose one dimension of the Worldwide Governance Indicators.

20
3. Research the descriptions and details of your assigned dimension. At the same
time, review the Philippines performed based on WGI. You can find the results for
the Philippines in this link: http://governance.neda.gov.ph/worldwide-
governanceindicators/
4. Then answer the guide following questions:
a. What does your assigned dimension measure?
b. What does it mean if the country scores high and low for this dimension?
c. What is the rank or result of the Philippines in your dimension?
d. Explain why the Philippines’ rank declined, stagnated or increased in this dimension.
5. Outputs shall be written in an A4-sized bond paper. Your output shall be rated using the
following rubric.
Topic/Activity/
Strategy
Organized; points Poorly organized;

Some organization;
Good organization; points are are somewhat no logical
points jump around;
Organization logically ordered; sharp sense of jumpy; sense of progression;
beginning and
beginning and end beginning and beginning and
ending are unclear
ending ending are vague
Details are
Some details are
Quality of Supporting details specific to somewhat sketchy. Unable to find
non-supporting to
Information subject Do not support topic specific details
the subject
Grammar,
Numerous errors
Usage, Only one or two More than two
No errors distract from
Mechanics, errors errors
understanding
Spelling
Vocabulary is Vocabulary is Basic vocabulary;

Vocabulary is varied; supporting
Interest Level varied; supporting unimaginative; needs descriptive
details vivid
details useful details lack “color” words
Only some ideas are Most of the ideas

Few ideas are
original and those are plagiarized, not
Ideas are original; Ideas taken from original; ideas taken
Originality/ taken from other cited, not
other sources are excellently from other sources
Referencing sources are not paraphrased. No
paraphrased and cited. are paraphrased
paraphrased and ideas found to be
and cited well.
cited well. original.
Submitted on same
Submitted on time or before the Submitted after 1 Submitted after 2 or
Timeliness day but after the set
deadline day more days
deadline
Kudos! Finally, you are done with Module 1. More exciting lessons are in
store in the next modules. Carry on!
Lesson 1
22
Co temoray Globalovenanc
np r G
Learning Outcomes:
r e
a. identify the roles and functions of the United Nations;
b. determine the challenges of global governance in the 21st Century; and
c. explain the relevance of the state amid globalization.
Introduction:
In this lesson, the Contemporary Global Governance presents the United
st century.
Nation’s role, functions and the challenges of global governance in the 21
CTIVITY
Read the paragraph below and accomplish the task in the table.
The goal of the United Nations is to create a better world by eliminating the
problems that have affected humanity for centuries. A goal is a desired outcome.
A goal is something that a person or a group of people want to reach, and the
steps they need to take to get there.
Write three (3) different problems/issues that affect the world today.
DOES IT HOW ABOUT HOW ABOUT
WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE
PROBLEM/ AFFECT THE THE OTHER
NECESSARY ACTIONS TO BE
ISSUE PHILIPPINES? MINDANAO? COUNTRIES?
UNDERTAKEN?
(YES/NO ) (YES/NO ) (YES/NO )
3
23
NALYSIS
Based on what the world is currently experiencing, answer the following questions:
1. Aside from the problems/issues you have listed above, name one of the major problems the
world is facing today?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What organizations take care this type of problem? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
BSTRACTION
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Contemporary Global Governance

Governance refers to the “processes and institutions, formal and informal, whereby rules
are created, compliance is elicited, and goods are provided in pursuit of collective goals” (Hale and
Held 2011: 12). Global governance goes beyond the traditional forms of cooperation between
sovereign nation-states (e.g. interstate diplomacy, treaties, and international law) to include a
broader variety of networked organizations and individuals that had not previously participated
directly in creating and enforcing rules (Cox and Schilthuis, 2012).
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Global governance arises when the nation-state weakened alongside some of its
governance functions and when some Intergovernmental Organizations and treaties have not
been sufficient in solving transnational issues. With this failure, it led to the creation of renowned
international organization in the contemporary world, the United Nations (UN). The creation of the
UN was due to the demise of the League of Nations, which failed to prevent the outbreak of the
Second World War. The United Nations (UN) was founded at the end of World War II as an
international peacekeeping organization and a forum for resolving conflicts between nations.
The UN is an international organization that was created in 1945 as the world emerged
from the Second World War. Its founders were shocked by the destruction of the war and the
horrors of the Holocaust. They wanted to create an organization that is hoped to prevent such
catastrophes from happening in the future, and to improve the lives of the people.
The main aims of the UN are to solve international conflicts and prevent war; fight 24
poverty and promote sustainable economic development; and protect human rights. The
purpose of the UN is to bring together all nations in the world to work towards these aims.
It is made up of 193 countries, known as ‘member states’. These countries finance the UN’s work
and govern its activities. They are like the shareholders of a company. The UN Secretary-General
is like the company’s director – he or she looks after the day-to-day running of the organization.
The UN is made up of many important parts. Each part works on different aspects of the UN’s
aims. The General Assembly is where all 193 member states of the UN meet to discuss global
problems. The General Assembly is the closest thing we have to a world parliament. Each
country, large, small, rich or poor, has one vote. Their decisions are written in documents called
’resolutions’.
UNICEF (UN Children’s Fund) works for children’s rights, survival, development and
protection. UNICEF works to ensure all children, everywhere in the world, enjoy the same human
rights. UNICEF focuses on ensuring children’s access to education and healthcare, and making
sure they are free from problems such as child labor, abuse and neglect.
The Security Council is responsible for maintaining peace, and is trying to settle conflicts
that threaten international security. All UN member states must respect and abide by its decisions.
It can set up peacekeeping operations in countries. These operations protect civilians and help
warring parties to resolve their differences peacefully. The Security Council has 15 members. Of
these 15, five are permanent: China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA.
WHO (World Health Organization) is the authority on matters of global health and works to
ensure all people are free from preventable diseases like malaria and HIV/AIDS. WHO works to
strengthen healthcare systems in every country so that all citizens can stay healthy and live
longer, happier lives.
UNDP (UN Development Programme) works to eliminate poverty. One of its main tasks
is to coordinate global efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs
are eight targets that were agreed by world leaders in 2000. They include: halving world poverty,
promoting equality between men and women, fighting diseases like HIV/AIDS, and protecting the
environment.
UNESCO is the UN’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Its role is to
promote international cooperation in education, science, culture, and communication and
information. UNESCO is working to make sure all children in the world have the opportunity to go
to school. UNESCO also helps protect special cultural and natural places around the world by
giving them World Heritage status.
WFP is the UN’s World Food Programme – the largest humanitarian agency fighting
hunger. It feeds over 90 million people a year, saving the lives of those affected by conflict and
natural disasters.
As the world’s only truly universal global organization, the United Nations has become the
foremost forum to address issues that transcend national boundaries and cannot be resolved by
any one country acting alone.
To its initial goals of safeguarding peace, protecting human rights, establishing the
framework for international justice and promoting economic and social progress, in the seven
decades since its creation, the United Nations has added on new challenges, such as climate
change, refugees and AIDS. Some are the specific examples of the challenges that the United
Nations faces today.
CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
25
Ageing
The world’s population is ageing. Every country in the world is experiencing growth in the
number and proportion of older persons in their population. The number of older persons, those
aged 60 years or over, has increased substantially in recent years in most countries and regions,
and that growth is projected to accelerate in the coming decades.
AIDS
New HIV infections have fallen by 35% since 2000 (by 58% among children) and
AIDSrelated deaths have fallen by 42% since the peak in 2004. The global response to HIV has
averted 30 million new HIV infections and nearly 8 million AIDS-related deaths since 2000. The
UN family has been in the vanguard of this progress. However, in the Philippines, the data is
opposite to that of UN. In March 2019, there were 1,172 newly confirmed HIV positive individuals
reported to the HIV/AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP). Eighteen percent (215) had
clinical manifestations of advanced HIV infection. As of March 2019, there were a total of 65, 463
cases already of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. Further, From January 1984 to March 2019, the
regions with the most number of reported cases were NCR with 25,496 (39%) cases, Region 4A
with 9,789 (15%) cases, Region 3 with 6,079 (9%) cases, Region 7 with 5,835 (9%) cases, and
Region 11 with 3,700 (6%) cases. Twenty percent (13,426) of the cases came from the rest of
the country while 1,138 (2%) did not report region of residence. (www.doh.gov.ph)
Atomic Energy
More than 30 countries worldwide are operating 444 nuclear reactors for electricity
generation and 66 new nuclear plants are under construction. In 2014, 13 countries relied on
nuclear energy to supply at least one-quarter of their total electricity.
Children
Every child has the right to health, education and protection, and every society has a stake
in expanding children’s opportunities in life. Yet, around the world, millions of children are denied a
fair chance for no reason other than the country, gender or circumstances into which they are
born.
Climate Change
Climate change is one of the major challenges of our time. From shifting weather patterns
that threaten food production to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the
impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale.
Decolonization
The wave of decolonization, which changed the face of the planet, was born with the UN
and represents the world body’s first great success. As a result of decolonization, many countries
became independent and joined the UN.
Democracy
Democracy is a universally recognized ideal and is one of the core values and principles of
the United Nations. Democracy provides an environment for the protection and effective
realization of human rights.
Ending Poverty
26
While global poverty rates have been cut by more than half since 2000, one in ten people
in developing regions still lives on less than US$1.90 a day - the internationally agreed poverty
line, and millions of others live on slightly more than this daily amount. In the Philippines, the
number of Filipinos living below the poverty line was reduced in the first semester of 2018 despite
faster growth in inflation and rising poverty thresholds, as per report of the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA). The PSA’s parent agency, the National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA), said this was largely because of improvements in the quality of employment in the past
three years since the last poverty survey in 2015, as well as the expansion in government social
services. The nationwide poverty incidence fell to 21 percent in the first half of 2018 compared to
27.6 percent in the first half of 2015. However, By provincial spread, four of the five poorest
provinces are in Mindanao, based on the 2016 Poverty Census. Lanao del Sur stands out for
having the highest poverty incidence rate of 71.94 percent, which means seven in every 10 of its
residents endure poverty conditions. Next to Lanao del Sur is Maguindanao, the second poorest in
the nation, with a 57.25 percent poverty incidence. Northern Samar in the Visayas comes in third
at 56.17 percent followed by Sarangani at 55.2 percent, and Sulu at 54.91 percent. In most of the
Mindanao provinces, too, the poverty incidence is higher than the national average. The only
exceptions are Misamis Oriental (19.26 percent), Davao del Sur (15.64 percent), and Tawi-Tawi
(12.62 percent).
Food
About 795 million people in the world were undernourished in 2014–2016. That means,
one in nine people does not get enough food to be healthy and lead an active life. Hunger and
malnutrition are in fact the number one risk to health worldwide — greater than AIDS, malaria and
tuberculosis combined.
Gender Equality
Women and girls represent half of the world’s population and, therefore, also half of its
potential. Gender equality, besides being a fundamental human right, is essential to achieve
peaceful societies with full human potential and sustainable development.
Health
The United Nations, since its inception, has been actively involved in promoting and
protecting good health worldwide. Leading that effort within the UN system is the World Health
Organization (WHO), whose constitution came into force on 7 April 1948.
Human Rights
Promoting respect for human rights is a core purpose of the United Nations and defines its
identity as an organization for people around the world. Member States have mandated the
Secretary-General and the UN System to help them achieve the standards set out in the UN
Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
International Law and Justice
The UN continues to promote justice and international law across its three pillars of work:
international peace and security, economic and social progress and development, and respect for human
rights and fundamental freedoms.
Migration
27
Since the earliest times, humanity has been on the move. Today, more people than ever
before live in a country other than the one in which they were born.
Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Life itself arose from the oceans. The ocean is vast. It composes some 72 percent of the
earth's surface. Not only has the oceans always been a prime source of nourishment for the life it
helped generate, but from earliest recorded history, it has served for trade and commerce,
adventure and discovery.
Peace and Security
Saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war was the main motivation for creating the
United Nations, whose founders lived through the devastation of two world wars.
Population
In 1950, five years after the founding of the United Nations, world population was
estimated at around 2.6 billion people. It reached 5 billion in 1987 and 6 billion in 1999. In October
2011, the global population was estimated to be 7 billion.
Refugees
The world is witnessing the highest levels of displacement on record. An unprecedented

59.5 million people around the world have been forced from home. Among them are nearly 20
million refugees, over half of whom are under the age of 18.
Water
Fresh water sustains human life and is vital for human health. There is enough fresh water
for everyone on Earth. However, due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, millions of people
(most of them children) die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and
hygiene.
THE STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION
We had lived in a world of essentially unchallenged sovereignty for several generations

now, and had begun to think of it as the natural state of affairs. However, the idea of states as
autonomous, independent entities is collapsing under the combined onslaught of monetary
unions, global television, the Internet, governmental and non-governmental organizations. Many
have proclaimed the death of sovereignty of states while a few still believe that sovereignty is still
the basis of state interaction.
The nation-state is especially threatened by the global economy and global economic
flows. The decline of the nation-state is also linked to technological and financial changes where
there is an accelerated integration of national economies into one single global market economy.
While nation-states once controlled markets, it is now the markets that often control the
nationstates.
There are a variety of other factors threatening the autonomy of the nation-state including
flows of information, undocumented immigrants, new social movements, war, terrorists, criminals,
drugs, money (including laundered money, and other financial instruments), sex-trafficking, and
much else. Many of these flows have been made possible by the development and
continual refinement of technologies of all sorts.
The nation-state has also been weakened by the growing power of global and transnational
organizations (e.g. the EU) that operate largely free of the control of nation- 28
states. Another factor is the growth of global problems (AIDS, TB, and global warming) that cannot
be handled, or handled very well, by a nation-state operating on its own.
One way of summarizing much of this is to say that the nation-state has become
increasingly porous. While this seems to be supported by a great deal of evidence, the fact is that
no nation-state has ever been able to control its borders completely. Thus, it is not the porosity of
the nation-state that is new, but rather what is new is a dramatic increase in that porosity and of
the kinds of flows that are capable of passing through national borders.
Another threat to the autonomy of the nation-state is the growing interest in international
human rights. Indeed, the issue of human rights, defined as the “entitlement of individuals to life,
security, and well-being” has emerged as a major global political issue. It is argued that because
these rights are universal, the nation-state cannot abolish them. As a result, global human rights
groups have claimed the right to be able to have a say about what is done to people. This is very
evident in the Philippines when the Duterte administration was serious on its War on Drugs, thus
alleged to effect Extra Judicial Killings (EJK).
Mindanao Context
Passage of the Bangsamoro Organic Law promises new hope for women in Southern Philippines
Following decades of struggle for peace in southern Philippines, the Bangsamoro Organic
Law was ratified in July 2018. The law creates a new political entity to replace the existing
autonomous region, which is the home to 13 ethno-linguistic groups in Mindanao. On 22 February,
the transitional authority took their oath of office, swearing in the new government’s chief minister,
cabinet, and parliament.
The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and what’s in it for women
The newly-ratified Bangsamoro Organic Law contains several provisions that will benefit
women and girls. Women, youth and indigenous communities have reserved seats in Parliament,
and at least one woman must be appointed to the Cabinet. The law ensures an allocation of at
least 5 per cent of the budget for programmes on gender and development. It calls for addressing
the rights of women combatting climate change, and for women’s needs to be considered in
rehabilitation and development programmes for internally-displaced people..
These provisions create a positive environment for women’s participation and

genderresponsive governance. However, the advocacy and support from communities, NGOs,
and other actors, and the buy-in and support from government officials will be vital to guarantee
women’s rights and gender equality.
Women’s participation in the new government is critical to meeting women’s needs in laws
and policies. These should be crafted in an inclusive process with women, youth and indigenous
peoples. They must also consider the conflict, including threats of violent extremism that has
constantly challenged the region.
29
PPLICATION
UNITED NATIONS: BUILDING PEACE
In this task, our aims are to:
1. explore the role of the UN Security Council in keeping peace around the world; and
2. make an action plan for peace in Darfur.

The UN builds peace
The UN has helped to prevent many violent conflicts from becoming full-scale wars.
It has also played a major role in helping warring parties to reach peaceful solutions
through discussions and negotiation. The Security Council is the UN body tasked with
maintaining international peace and security. What is the UN Security Council? The
Security Council is one of the most important parts of the United Nations. It is made up
of 15 of the UN’s member states. Five of these countries are permanently on the
Security Council: China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA. The other 10 members
are elected every two years. All UN member states must abide by the decisions of the
Security Council.
How does the Security Council try to prevent and resolve violent conflict?
When a particular conflict is brought before the Security Council, it usually first
asks the parties involved in the conflict to reach agreement by peaceful means, for
example, through negotiations. If fighting breaks out, continues or gets worse, the
Council tries to secure a ‘ceasefire’. It might send a peacekeeping mission to the
troubled area to restore peace and protect civilians. Peacekeepers must remain neutral
at all times and should only shoot in self-defense.
Peacekeeping missions
Since it was founded in 1945, the UN has sent 67 peacekeeping and observer
missions to the world’s trouble spots. At present, there are 16 peacekeeping operations
around the world, carried out by some 120,000 brave men and women from 118
countries. Currently, there are missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti,
Syria and Sudan.
Now that you have learnt about peacekeeping, it is time for you to step into the
role of the UN Security Council. You may have highlighted on your map that there is an
ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan. This conflict is still unresolved and has caused a
devastating amount of human suffering in Sudan and its neighboring countries. The
United Nations is working hard to solve the problem, but needs your ideas to help find
effective ways to create lasting peace.
In order to take your role, you are going to look at the situation in Darfur first so that you
can see what the conflict is about and how it is affecting the people living there.
Then, it is all to you to come up with an action plan for peace. Good luck!
30
Darfur conflict
The ongoing conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan has produced one of the
world’s worst humanitarian crises. Since the conflict began in 2003, around 300,000
people have been killed and almost three million more have had to flee their homes.
Background
Darfur is a province of Sudan – one of Africa’s largest countries – and is
approximately the size of Spain. Sudan has two major distinct cultures: Arab and
nonArab. The Sudanese government is dominated by people with an Arab background,
while the majority of Darfur’s population is non-Arab. The conflict in Darfur began in
2003, when Darfuri rebel groups began attacking the government. These groups
claimed that the government was neglecting the people of Darfur and discriminating
against them. As a result, the province was underdeveloped and its population was poor
and marginalized. In response, the Sudanese government – along with militia groups
supportive of the government – launched a military campaign in Darfur that killed
thousands and displaced millions of civilians.
The ongoing plight of Darfuri civilians

Along with an estimated two million civilians displaced in Darfur itself, around
250,000 Darfuris were forced to cross the border into neighboring Chad and the Central
African Republic to escape the fighting. They remain there as refugees in makeshift
camps in the desert. Over 150,000 of these refugees are children – more than half of
them are of primary school age. The camps have very few resources – such as food,
clothes, toys etc. They offer little protection, leaving children at risk of being abused,
abducted for forced labor or recruited as child soldiers by rebel groups.
International response
A joint UN and African Union peacekeeping force arrived in Darfur in January
2008 to try to protect the civilians at risk. However, the peacekeeping mission is
struggling to do its job. This is in part because the Sudanese government refuses to
work with it, and in part because the international community has not provided the
mission with enough peacekeepers and vital equipment such as helicopters. As of
March 2012 there were 19,555 peacekeepers in Darfur, much less than its target of
26,000.
Current situation
Despite the UN’s best efforts, the region remains insecure. Civilians and aid
workers are regularly attacked by armed groups. Ongoing violence makes it difficult for
the UN to provide for the civilians caught up in the conflict. It also makes it impossible
for refugees – many of whom fled Darfur years ago – to return home. Some aid
agencies have been forced to temporarily suspend their operations. One of the major
obstacles to finding a lasting solution to the conflict is the reluctance of the rebel groups
and the government to hold talks with each other.
31
Now that you already have the idea on the background and facts about the Darfur
conflict, complete the table below which will serve as an action plan.
CHALLENGES SOLUTIONS How it will help
the
people in
DARFUR?
Fighting between
t h e p r o
government and
anti-government
groups
Thelackof
action from by
S u d a n e s e
government and
its links to the
pro-government
militias
The millions of
people living in
refugee camps in
Sudan, Chad
and the Central
African Republic
The lack of food,

c l e a n w a t e r,
shelterand
medicine for the
people living in
refugee camps
The fact that the

Sudaneseg
overnment
rejects UN help
Congratulations! You have just accomplished the 1st lesson of Module 2. You
are now set to work on the 2nd lesson. Keep it up!
Lesson 2
The Global Economy

Learning Outcomes:
a. define modern world system;
b. define economic globalization;
c. identify the actors that facilitate economic globalization and illustrate the value chain of
Mindanao products; and
d. articulate a stance on global economic integration.
Introduction:
In this lesson, the discussion is focused on the process which makes the
world economy as an essential part of the whole. Likewise, it details the
important actors of economic
CTIVITY
In this activity, watch a video that features “Covid-19: what will happen to the global
economy?” Through the links below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=pnKsrKuUfBc&feature=share
After watching the video, answer the questions in the Analysis section.
NALYSIS
1. Does the economic shock caused by imposing the lockdowns prove more costs than the
pandemic itself? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Which countries are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
33
BSTRACTION
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Has the pandemic made globalization liable to the losses and failures in various aspects? Why
or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
The Global Economy
The Contemporary Global Economy provides a lively overview of recent turbulence in

the world economy, focusing on the dynamics of globalization since the 1980s. It explains the
main drivers of economic change and how we are able to discern their effects in the world
today. This section introduces the concepts of economic globalization and the important actors
that facilitate interdependence of world economies.
MODERN WORLD SYSTEM
In our working definition of Globalization in the previous module, we learned that, "the
intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local
happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” infers that it has
various forms of connectivity. It may be economic, political, cultural or technological. This
lesson focuses on the Economic aspect.
Modern World System Theory attempts to explain why modernization has a wideranging
and different effects on the world. Immanuel Wallerstein asserts that an analysis of the history
of the capitalist world system shows that it has brought about a skewed development in which
economic and social disparities between sections of the world economy have increased rather
than provided prosperity for all.
This is elaborated by The World Systems Theory, developed by sociologist Immanuel

Wallerstein, which refers to an approach to world history and social change that suggests there
is a world economic system in which some countries benefit while others are exploited. Just as
we cannot understand an individual’s behavior without reference to their surroundings,
experiences, and culture. Likewise a nation’s economic system cannot be understood without
reference to the world system of which they are a part of.
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
Having explained The Modern World System Theory, this will lead us in understanding
the development of Economic Globalization which refers to the increasing interdependence of
world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and
services, flow of international capital and wide and raid spread of technologies. This can be
traced from the time when there was economic movement in Asia, Africa and Europe through
the Silk Road, an ancient trade route, connecting China and the Far East with the Middle East
and Europe. Although it has been nearly 600 years since Silk Road has been used for
international trade, yet it has a lasting impact on commerce, culture and history that resonates
even today. In the present-day, foreign expatriates come to the Philippines to manage their
company’s businesses. Similarly, the Philippines sends thousands of professional and skilled
workers to the Middle East and other parts of the world as construction workers, seafarers and
nurses.
Another most common cited definition of economic globalization is it is a historical

process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing
integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods,
services, and capital across borders. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of
people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders (IMF, 2008).
34
According to Benczes (2014), economic globalization has several
interconnected dimensions, such as (1) the globalization of trade of goods and services; (2) the
globalization of financial and capital markets; (3) the globalization of technology and
communication; and (4) the globalization of production. The first element of economic
interconnectedness is demonstrated in establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
that ensures that the trade flows smoothly, predictably and freely as possible and that their
primary purpose is to open trade for the benefit of all. WTO (2012). Another evident example of
economic globalization in the Philippines is the growing number of Information Technology -
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Due to the lower cost of producing specific goods or
services in our country, outsourcing has become a common business strategy for many
multinational firms. In 2019 Philippines being the 34thlargest economy in the world, continues to
be a promising prospect for the BPO industry. Currently there are more than 1.35 Million
employees working under the IT-BPO industry because of cheap labor cost, English proficiency
and quality customer service skills. The second element is undoubtedly one of the most
significant economic developments having far reaching implications for issues like capital,
portfolio strategies, shareholder welfare, firm value, international distribution of wealth and the
regulations of capital markets. Journal of Economics and Business (1991). The third element is
emphasizes that different relations and interactivities that occurs instantly due to the internet and
communication technology. Finally, the fourth element, is best illustrated by the existence of
multinational corporations and transnational corporations. The Ford Motor Company is an
example of a multinational corporation. Ford Motor Company is an American multinational
automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan. Through its branches the
company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under Ford brand and most luxury cars
under the Lincoln brand.
THE ACTORS THAT FACILITATE ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
After defining economic globalization, it is significant to identify the different views on

who and what the actors are that facilitated economic globalization. Firstly, the nation-state still
is the effective manager of the national economy despite increased threats of globalization.
Boyer and Drache (1996). Secondly, some authors assert that the actors of economic
globalization is the global corporations, however, Ohmae 1996 claim that nation-states are
dinosaurs waiting to die because they already have forfeited their role as critical participants in
the global economy due to their inability to control exchange rates and protect their currencies.
Nowadays, Filipino consumers have become Xenocentric, it is the preference for the products,
styles or ideas of someone else’s culture rather than of one’s own. Thirdly, the creation of an
International Monetary System is one of the actors that facilitate economic globalization. This
international structure for money, power and interest is created to have an important role to play
in making globalization work better and that is to restore and sustain the benefits of global
integration by promoting international economic cooperation. Further, it believes that economic
growth is the only way to improve living standards in developing countries like Philippines.
GLOBAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
As economies become integrated, there is a lessening of trade barriers and economic

and political coordination between countries increases. However, there are advantages and
disadvantages of economic integration. Among the advantages are, it typically leads to a
reduction in the cost of trade, improved availability of and a wider selection of goods and
services, and efficiency gains that lead to greater purchasing power. Further, employment
opportunities tend to improve because trade liberalization leads to market expansion,
technology sharing, and cross border investment flows. Moreover, political cooperation among
35
countries can improve because of stronger economic ties, which can help resolve
conflicts peacefully and lead to greater stability.
Despite the benefits economic integration has costs, the disadvantages include trade
diversion and the erosion of national sovereignty. For example, trade unions can divert trade
from non-members, even if it is economically detrimental for them to do so. Additionally,
members of economic unions are typically required to adhere to rules on trade, monetary policy,
and fiscal policy, which are established by an unelected external policy making body.
Mindanao Context
GLOBALIZATION OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIES IN MINDANAO
Mindanao has been a magnet for international trade since even before the colonial
period because of its geographical location and rich natural resources. Before the colonialists
arrived in the islands now called the Philippines, a brisk trade was going on between Moro
traders, particularly from Sulu, and the Indo-Malay peninsula and China. Sulu even became
known as a famous pearl market (Munap 2002). This lively and profitable trade was soon cut off
by the arrival of the Spaniards, who began to identify these traders as pirates and enemies of
the colonial state. Soon colonial policies began to levy crippling taxes and duties, such as the
tariffs and customs duties introduced by the successor American colonial government, further
decimating the commercial and trading advantages of the Moros. During the Spanish period the
pirates became smugglers. Turning Moros’ economic activities into a criminalized act, a policy
that was continued by the Philippine government, caused the maritime trading activities of the
Moros to decline further. The entry of Western commerce and trading activities actually
destroyed the competitive advantage enjoyed by the Moros, accompanied as it was by changes
in their political status, from sovereign sultanates to marginalized minorities. This status was
strongly resented and resisted. Before the imposition of martial law in 1972, Sulu traders defied
the government’s sanctions, and trading (now called smuggling) went on between Sulu and
Sabah. Cigarettes and other trade goods were sold openly in the market; but police raids and
naval chases soon took a toll and this activity also began to decline. One might wonder why
traders refused to pay the tariffs and avoid the consequences. Perhaps their defiance had to do
with the fact that trading activities had been a free enterprise for the Moros. Today, the
participation of Moros in global trade is minimal and concentrated only in selected areas. One is
the pearl business, notably at the Greenhills Shopping Center (GSC) located in the City of San
Juan in Metro Manila.
Value Chain of Mindanao Products
A major constraint for the agriculture sector is limited connectivity. Farmers are
disconnected or misconnected with technical service providers, agro-enterprises, markets, and
consumers, a problem that has multiple consequences (Table 1). Many roads are in bad
condition or congested, with the result that agricultural produce is often rejected, especially
perishable commodities like bananas and other fruits and vegetables. Beyond the lack of
adequate FMRs, there is the need to prioritize modernization to relieve congestion on roads
accessing ports for more connectivity beyond Mindanao. Mindanao ports lack economies of
scale: there are some 690 ports, yet the top four handle only 17 percent of domestic cargo and
12 percent of foreign. Many ports are owned by private companies and are closed to smaller
farmers.
36
Table 1. Effects of poor connectivity on farmers, agribusiness, and
consumers
Farmers Agribusiness Consumers
Reduced terms of Higher aggregate cost Higher food prices for both
trade (higher input for produce staples and nonstaples
costs and lower
produce prices)
Reduced marketing options Higher physical and product Reduced scope for
and less bargaining power quality losses dietary diversity and
improved nutrition
Reduced incentives to Difficulties in realizing Increased exposure to
invest in higher scale benefits and utilizing food safety risks
onfarm productivity processing capacity
Minimal scope to Inability to service national

diversify into higher - markets
value perishable products
Dulled incentives for Reduced export

producing higher - quality competitiveness and
products and frequent profitability
rejections
Customs procedures are a major bottleneck to trade facilitation, especially for agricultural
products. On the Doing Business indicator for Trading Across Borders, the Philippines ranked 95th in
2016 (World Bank 2016a), one rank lower than in 2015. The World Bank Logistics Performance Index
ranks the country at 71, down from 85 in 2014, with Customs and Border Management ranking at 78—
31 points lower.
Lowering logistics costs would benefit Mindanao’s agriculture value chains significantly. An
efficient logistics system is essential if Mindanao’s potential to become a global supplier of basic and
value added produce is to be unleashed. Ensuring a seamless logistics network from farm to markets
will entail (1) connecting farms to towns by investing in village roads; (2) connecting towns to ports by
investing in major roads; (3) promoting competition in the domestic shipping industry; (4) liberalizing
cabotage; (5) modernizing the major ports; and (6) streamlining export and import procedures.
Because the logistics chain is only as good as its weakest link, partial reforms will not lead to lower
prices and better service. For instance, reforming domestic shipping and cabotage without modernizing
ports and improving the roads will not lower shipping cost; shipping lines will not upgrade to larger
ships to increase scale if cargos movement will still be delayed on the road and at the port.
Improving connectivity from farm to market would have numerous positive effects on
development. Without that, farmers must deal with higher input costs and lower prices for their
produce. Because there are few marketing options, their lack of bargaining power further reduces
prices. Poor roads may also limit access to extension services, and lower the quality of the produce
that does reach markets due to multiple handling required by the need to use for a single shipment a
variety of transport modes, from animal-drawn carts to truck. Thus, poor connectivity reduces both the
scope of farmers to diversify into higher-value perishable crops and their ability to invest in productivity
or quality improvements. Without good roads, much produce is wasted because transporting it would
lead to a loss. Improved connectivity also benefits rural societies more generally by facilitating the entry
of social services to villages and encouraging higher school attendance.
Figure 1. Farm-to-market logistics issues in Mindanao
37
Source: The World Bank (June 2017) Philippines Mindanao Jobs
Report: A Strategy of Mindanao Regional Development.
PPLICATION
Read the following passage first before answering the questions that follow.
Localizing the Material

Figure 1. Farm-to-market logistics issues in Mindanao
37
Many Philippine industries were devastated by unfair trade deals under the GATT and
eventually the WTO. One sector that was particularly affected was Philippine agriculture.
PPLICATION
Read the following passage first before answering the questions that follow.
Localizing the Material

According to Walden Bello and a team of researchers at Focus on the Global South, the US
used its power under the GATT system to prevent Philippine importers from purchasing
Philippine poultry and pork - even as it sold meat to the Philippines.
Although the Philippines expected to make up losses in sectors like meat with gains in
areas such as coconut products, no significant change was realized. In 1993, coconut exports
amounted to $1.9 billion, and after a slight increase to $2.3 billion in 1997, it returned to $1.9
billion in 2000. Most strikingly, Bello and company noted that the PH became a net food
importer under GATT. In 1993, the country had an agricultural trade surplus of $292 million. It
had a deficit of $764 million in 1997 and $794 million in 2002.
- Walden Bello, Herbert Docena, Marissa de Guzman, and Mary Lou Malig. The Anti-
Development State: The Political Economy of Permanent Crisis in the Philippines. London and New
York: Zed Books, 2006, 140-142.
38
1. What is the current agricultural export status of the Philippines? Has it increased or decreased as
compared to the past five years? What are the factors contributing in its present status?
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2. How do economic forces facilitate the deepening of globalization?

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3. How is the Philippines central to the history of economic globalization?

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Lesson 3 39
Ma ket g a o
r Inte r ti n
Learning Outcomes:
a. explain the role of international financial institutions in the creation of a global
economy;
b. narrate a short history of global market integration in the 20th century; and
c. identify the attributes of global corporations.
Introduction:
The lesson on Market Integration deals with the stand of international
financial institutions in the global market connections.
CTIVITY
Try to explain what the diagram/figure below is trying to tell.
__________________________
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40
_________________________________________________________________________________
NALYSIS
__________________________________________________________________________
1. Since world markets are becoming open and free to everyone, what do you think are ways
__________________________________________________________________________
to establish a fair and just trading deals?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think are among the most damaging effects of economic globalization? How
should governments respond to these effects?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
BSTRACTION
Market Integration
Market integration allows price signals to be transmitted from one market to another.
When markets are well-integrated, prices become more stable, and household food security
is likely to be improved as poor Households can obtain food at more affordable prices. Well
integrated markets can help avoid localized food shortages. This section examines how
global market becomes coherent through local corporations and international financial
institutions.
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

In many parts of the world, International Financial Institutions (IFIs) play a major
role in the social and economic development programs of nations with developing or
transitional economies. This role includes advising on development projects, funding
and assisting in their implementation with the following goals and objectives:
a. To reduce global poverty and improve people’s living conditions and standards.
b. To support sustainable economic social, and institutional development; and
c. To promote regional cooperation and integration.
IFIs achieve these objectives through loans, credits and grants to national
government. Such funding is usually tied to specific projects that focus in economic and
41
socially sustainable development. It also provides technical and advisory
assistance to their borrowers and conduct extensive research and development
issues.
HISTORY OF GLOBAL MARKET INTEGRATION
In 1944, it became clear that the war was coming to an end, and the western Allied
powers decided again to attempt building a new world order. Meeting at the Mount
Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the US and English representatives,
H.D. White and J.M. Keynes set out create institutions so to prevent the recurrence of the
conditions which led to World War II. They proposed the creation of three organizations, with
each organization playing a role in the smooth functioning of global economy. These were:
a. The international Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD or the World
Bank) whose original mandate was to rebuild the war torn economics of Europe and
Asia. It has evolved into the world’s most influential lender of foreign aid to developing
nations.
b. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) whose primary purpose was to maintain a
fixed exchange rate system known as the Bretton Woods System. Recently it plays
a highly visible and controversial role in the aftermath of the East Asian Crisis.
c. The International Trade Organization (ITO), which was not ratified by the US
Congress and consequently did not become a reality. However, its primary function
of liberalizing world trade was given to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT).
The post World War II era marked by two geopolitical events, the Cold War and the
period of decolonization. The latter saw the birth of many new nations as the European
powers decolonized. This means that many developing countries are relatively young,
especially those in Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. These newly liberated countries
have to choose which economic structure to adopt to achieve their developmental goals.
These new nations adopted government controlled economies that relied on import
substitution industrialization strategies to achieve industrialization. Import substitution means
that these countries fostered the growth of industries that produced goods and were being
imported, usually from former colonialist.
The oil price shocks in 1970’s forced many Americans for the first time to realize that
the US economy was not independent from the rest of the world. The recessions following the
oil crises of 1973 and in 1979 led both recession and inflation simultaneously. The oil price
shocks set into motion events that are still present in today’s global economy.
On the other hand, most developing countries saw the benefits of becoming linked to
the global economy. Industrial nations were no longer viewed as neo-colonial exploiters, but
as markets for developing countries goods. Further integration of capital markets led to
emerging market phenomena. The global movement towards more market friendly economic
markets, both internally and externally, have created a world of growing interdependence.
The events across the globe are transmitted everywhere through the global economy.
ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CORPORATIONS

The rise of global corporations is a reflection of globalized market integration. The
Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and Multinational Corporation (MNCs) are no longer
limited to their home countries. They are able to expand their influence to other continents
42
and countries. These global corporations have common attributes. Neubauer (2014)
identifies three of them; an agent of desired economic development, an economic
prominence, and a very powerful entity that can create a crisis. These corporations ay hit their
target of economic development by making their consumer products available in many parts
of the world.
Finally, international financial institutions play an important role in the social
and economic development programs of developing and transitional countries. They
are instrumental in the functionality of the global economy which is reliant on global
corporations.
Mindanao Context
This figure illustrates how farming sector in Bukidnon is being integrated in the
market with the aid of contract farming that exists between the big firm, San Miguel
Corporation, Inc., and the small hold cassava farmers in Mantibugao and Maramag
through their respective intermediaries, the cooperative. The contract between these
small farmers (whether coop members or non-coop members) and big firm is
informal, which means no written agreement. The formal arrangement, however,
exists between the big firm and the cooperative upon which quality assurance and
standards are observed. Further, the study revealed the efficiency of contract farming
in integrating small farmers to the market. Through contract farming, the farmers have
better access to farm technology, cash advances to fund production expenses,
opportunities to acquire knowledge through seminars and educational tours to other
farm villages, and better price negotiations.
43
PPLICATION
The Philippines and the Global Economic Institutions: Their International
Landscape
Instructions:
In this task, you are required to go to an electronic library or browse in the web in order to
accomplish the following:
Figure 1. A market integration involving contract farming arrangement between a big
firm in Northern Mindanao and small cassava and corn farmers in Bukidnon through
a local intermediary
a. Look for an international economic organization (for example: Asian Development Bank) or an
international company (Honda, McDonald’s, etc.).
b. Research the origins and history of the institution you have chosen. Then, map the international
connections or routes it has created.
c. Identify the major country-leaders of this institution (countries participating in this organization).
d. Locate the Philippines in this map of interconnections.
I. LEADING INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION

Name of the Institution/
Economic
Organization
History of the
Institution/
Organization
Major Country-leaders
44
II. MAP OF THE ORGANIZATION’S INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS (Draw/
Indicate here the map of interconnections or routes reached by the chosen
organization/company. Then, put a mark where we can find the location of the Philippines in the
map of interconnections.)
Worksheet Questions:
1. How does this institution influence the global economic activity?
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2. How does it affect the Philippine economy?
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Job well done! You have just finished the Module 2. More exciting
lessons are in store in the next modules. Carry on!
45
REFERENCES
Abinales, P. N., & Amoroso, D. J. (2017). State and Society in the Philippines. Rowman
& Littlefield.
Abuso, M.G.A., Bretaña, J.H., Dupa, H.J.P., Garma, C.K.G., Sereñas, C.L.R. (2019).
Localizing Contexts of Globalization in Mindanao: Materials Development for
the new GEC “The Contemporary World”. CHED-CPE Project.
Chirico, J. (2013). Globalization: Prospects and problems. Sage Publications. Page 61
Claudio, L. E. (2014). Locating the Global South (Vol. 1, pp. 185-99). London: Sage
Reference.
Dupa, H.J.P. (2019). The Influence of Market on the Socio-economic Outcomes of

Small-scale Farmers in Bukidnon, Philippines. Unpublished Dissertation – Xavier
University – Ateneo de Cagayan
Macionis, J. J. (2012). Sociology 14th Ed. Pearson Education, Inc. Page 280
Ritzer, G., & Dean, P. (2015). Globalization: A basic text. John Wiley & Sons. Page 56
Steger, M., Battersby, P., & Siracusa, J. (Eds.). (2014).

The Sage handbook of
globalization. Sage.
Contact the Authors

MAY-ONE M. MALINTAD
Faculty, Institute of Education & Teacher Training

(IETT )
Davao Oriental State College of Science &
Technology (DOSCST)
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, Davao
Oriental, 8200 Philippines
Email Addresses:
dupa.helinajean@doscst.edu.ph
johnrey.codilla@doscst.edu.ph
mayjoshfire@gmail.com
The Contemporary World
2020 Edition
Contact the Authors

MAY-ONE M. MALINTAD
Faculty, Institute of Education & Teacher Training

(IETT )
Davao Oriental State College of Science &
Technology (DOSCST)
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, Davao
Oriental, 8200 Philippines
Email Addresses:
dupa.helinajean@doscst.edu.ph
johnrey.codilla@doscst.edu.ph
mayjoshfire@gmail.com
The Contemporary World
2020 Edition

Marcojos Airagen Bsba 1g Module For Prelim

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Institute of Education and Teacher Training

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Page 2

COURSE SPECIFICATION Page 4

COURSE PACK STRUCTURE Page 5

Mr. John Rey R. Codilla is a Licensed Professional

He is a faculty member of DOSCST’s Institute of

Ms. May-One M. Malintad is a faculty in

Her experiences and exposures in various

Course Learning Outcomes

CLO 6 Identify the ethical implications of global citizenship

COURSE PACK STRUCTURE

1. What is the Lesson 1 – Introducing the Contemporary World

2. How Lesson 1 – Contemporary Global Governance

3. Lesson 1 – Global Divides: The North and South

4. Ideas for Lesson 1 – Global Media Cultures

5. Global Lesson 1 - The Global Cities

6. Creating a Lesson 1 – Sustainable Development

7. Globalization Lesson 1- Timeline of Industrial Revolutions

What is the o temoray old

Welcome to your first semester of academic learning that shall

At present, we are in a quite challenging and interesting situation

Success is, most of the time, a collective effort. So, let us be

Lesson 1 – Introducing the Contemporary

a. articulate what makes globalization contemporary;

The first lesson introduces Globalization by providing the

a. Globalization involves the intensification of social relations worldwide. Social

“May Starbucks ba sa Mindanao?”

Back in January 2019, I, along with nine (9)

Filipino historian Lisandro Claudio observed the presence of Starbucks branches

(either local or international issues) discussing globalization. An op-ed, short for

"opposite the editorial page", is a written prose piece typically published by a

newspaper or magazine which expresses the opinion of an author usually not

editorials (opinion pieces submitted by editorial board members) and letters to

the editor (opinion pieces submitted by readers).

Some organization; Poorly organized; no

Congratulations! You were able to articulate and understand the definition of

Photo of the Tomb

After watching the video, you are to compose

Vocabulary is Vocabulary is Basic vocabulary;

Only some ideas are Most of the ideas

The Global e stat

1. What is the world systems theory?

How Colonialism shaped current global political and economic hierarchy?

Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory

How Globalization Affects National Governments?

Thus the present system is reflective of the core-periphery analyses of Wallerstein,

In this task, the following mechanics must be followed:

1. Find a partner classmate in this activity.

2. Choose one dimension of the Worldwide Governance Indicators.

4. Then answer the guide following questions:

a. What does your assigned dimension measure?

c. What is the rank or result of the Philippines in your dimension?

Criteria Exemplary (10) Accomplished (7) Developing (5) Beginning (3)

Organized; points Poorly organized;

Vocabulary is Vocabulary is Basic vocabulary;

Only some ideas are Most of the ideas

Contemporary Global Governance

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

International Law and Justice

Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Peace and Security

The world is witnessing the highest levels of displacement on record. An unprecedented