Practical research 2

Quantitative
Budget transportation it's effect to academic performance of trinity polytechnic
college Year 2022-2023
A research paper presented to the faculty of trinity polytechnic college Inc.
senior high school department
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for course in practical
research 2
Presented by

SHIENA MAE ESPADOR PANGCOG

Reynilda peñafiel aligado
Mary joy songco
Arby mallari
Juls parreño
John Paul galay
Regie Batalla tagulao
Clint joseph G. Fundano

Chapter 1 (problem and background of the study)

1.1 introduction
1.2significance of the study
1.3 conceptual framework
1.4 statement of the problem
1.5 hypothesis of the study
1.6 definition of terms
1.7 scope and delimitation of the study

Chapter 2 (review of related literature)

2.1 local budget transportation
2.2 foreign budget transportation

Chapter 3 (research methodology)

3.1 research design
3.2 respondents of the study
3.3 sampling technique
3.4 intumentation
3.5 data gathering method
3.6 data processing and statistical treatment

Chapter 1
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

Introduction
The academic performance of the students is very important to both teachers and
students as this reflects the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. However,
effective allowance budgeting which falls outside the corners of the normal teaching-
learning process is deemed significant for the students because this will benefit them
not only for sustaining their everyday needs in school but also for helping them be
more prepared in the proper handling of finances. A qualitative method was used in
the study.(E.Constante,2019)

Face to face learners often deals with some issues regarding their academic
performances in terms of budget transportation on how they will go to school. This
type of problem wherein face to face learners deal everyday will affect their
academic performances. If they can't go to school, in that case, many of them who
are struggling with financial problem will realize sooner the importance of financial
budgeting
The Philippine Statistics Authority reported about billions of students rely on
public transportation to get to school. According to Rafferty, the average college
student will spend between $1,050 and $1,800 on transportation costs. Furthermore,
it is recommended that college students budget at least $1,000 per year for travel
and transportation.
Transportation has become a major issue for both students and their parents.
The Institute for College Access and Success (TICAS) conducted research on
students' transportation needs for a 2016 report that was published. One of the
students claims that she is unable to pay for her textbooks and other materials
because she frequently lacks funds for the bus. She also claims that she has missed
many classes because she lacks budget for transportation.
Low-income students as well as Black, Hispanic, Native American, and some
Asian students are adversely impacted by transportation barriers. According to a
study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UnidosUS, Hispanic
students were 19% more likely than non-Hispanic students to report that
transportation issues were a barrier to their ability to complete college.
Furthermore, this study aims to determine the effects of budget
transportation to the academic performance of trinity polytechnic college
students.Definition of TermsThe transportation budget is established through
finance legislation typically authored by transportation finance committee chairs. In
practice, transportation budget legislation tends to closely resemble the budget
recommendations submitted to the legislature by the governor. The budget sets
authorized spending levels for various programs and functions. A budget
primarilycontains “direct appropriations,” which provide spending authority for a
specific purpose, in specific fiscal years, and in specified amounts. Each budget is
biennial,
covering the two fiscal years following the session of enactment. For instance, a
budget covering fiscal years 2018-2019 was enacted in 2017. (The state’s fiscal year
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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

runs from each July 1 through the following June 30, and referenced based on the
calendar year in which it ends.) However, additional authority, adjustments, or
supplemental budgets, might be subsequently enacted. (House Research Department:
Transportation budget July 2017)
BACKGROUND
face to face learners often deal with some issues with their academic performances
in terms of budget transfortation on how they can go to school. This problem of face
to face learners will affect their academic performances if they can't go to school, in
that problem many of them that who are strugling in financial problem they
realized the importance of financial budgeting financial budgeting ,and time
management.Not all parents are capable of getting their child pay for their
education and that includes their transportation to school.TPC caloocan is
composed of students who are in different parts of metro manila.Commuting
students will face budget control since they live far to school and parents will also
face the same problem.Modern society cannot function without mass transportation.
It is not limited to a specific group and should not be taken for granted, especially
by those who do not rely on it in their everyday lives. Filipinos from all walks of life
constantly moan about amount of time they waste waiting in traffic. Filipino should
not put their selves through the agony of spending so much time attempting to move
from one place to another. Neither Filipinos should give up sleep or energy to stand
in line for the next train or jeepney. Filipinos should not have to strain to find a seat
in a packed jeep, bus, or train. Many Filipinos face this everyday difficulty. To call
this event a "challenge" is an understatement.
Students are also affected by the public transit problem. As if getting to class on
time in this traffic wasn't difficult enough, students also have to cope with academics,
family life, and self-care. And as we go on to this study, the researchers will
investigate the effect of budget transportation on the academic performance of
Trinity Polytechnic College students and how it may make their lives simple

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will be useful to the School Institution, teachers, students,
and future researchers.
This study is deemed to be helpful to the School Institution and their teachers
in helping them to understand more about the knowledge and proficiency of their
students in budget transportation . This study will help the students to know their
level of proficiency in the budgeting transportation . Also, this study will help them
to develop their proficiency in the budget transportation this study hopes to
encourage other researchers to conduct a similar study to know if there was an
alteration that happened.
To Students:this allows the students of trinity polytechnic college to have essential
knowledge about other student who deal with transport budgeting
To Teachers:this study can help the teachers to understand their students situation
and their academic performance.
To Researchers: this study widen the range of their study and cope in problems that
they do not solve. it can help also to satisfy their curiousity of their mind regarding
with the expenses.
To the future researchers:This research can at least help them to lessen the burden
of their whole research by making it the main idea.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

FIGURE 1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FIGURE 1. PRESENTS THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY.

IT CONTAINS OF TWO VARIABLES. BUDGET TRANSPORTATION AS AN
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AS THE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE

IN FIGURE 1. BUDGET TRANSPORTATION AS INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

BUDGET TRANSPORTATION IS NEEDED BECAUSE FEW ECONOMIC
RESOURCES—RAW MATERIALS, FUELS, FOOD, MANUFACTURED
GOODS—ARE LOCATED WHERE THEY ARE WANTED. EACH REGION OR
PLACE ON EARTH PRODUCES MORE THAN IT CONSUMES OF SOME
GOODS AND SERVICES AND LESS THAN IT CONSUMES OF OTHERS.
THROUGH TRANSPORTATION, GOODS ARE MOVED FROM WHERE
THERE ARE SURPLUSES TO WHERE THERE ARE SHORTAGES.
IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION HAS EXTENDED THE AREAS IN WHICH
VARIOUS GOODS CAN BE PROFITABLY MARKETED AND THUS HAS
HELPED MAKE THE GOODS WIDELY AVAILABLE.
TAKING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AS A STUDENT AND PROVIDING
TRANSIT TO STUDENTS AS AN AGENCY CAN PRESENT CHALLENGES. OF
COURSE, ENVIRONMENT — RURAL OR URBAN — CAN MAKE THE
CHALLENGES EVEN MORE UNIQUE. STILL, THE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC
TRANSIT OFTEN OUTWEIGH THE NEGATIVES FOR BOTH STUDENTS
AND AGENCIES.

ANOTHER VARIABLE‚ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

IN RECENT YEARS RESEARCHER HAVE DEVELOPED NEW METHODS TO
MEASURE HOW TRANSPORTATION DIVISIONS AFFECT DIFFERENT
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SOCIETY.
SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION MAY HAVE IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS
FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS, BUT FEW STUDIES EXAMINE HOW THESE
VARIABLES ARE RELATED.

4| T R I N I T Y P O L Y T E C H N I C C O L L E G E I N C .
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND GOODS FROM PLACE TO PLACE IS

KNOWN AS TRANSPORTATION. TOGETHER WITH COMMUNICATION—
THE MOVEMENT OF IDEAS—TRANSPORTATION HAS BEEN ESSENTIAL
IN BRINGING ABOUT THE INTEGRATION OF REGIONS AND NATIONS
INTO A SINGLE WORLD COMMUNITY. TRANSPORTATION MOVEMENTS,
COMBINED INTO VARIOUS SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, ARE BY WAY OF
LAND, WATER, AND AIR AND BY SUCH MEANS AS AUTOMOBILE,
AIRPLANE, RAILROAD, SHIP, AND PIPELINE.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Trained Advisers

Failure in students organizations can be in a large measure to the lack of skillful

guidance on the part advisers.

Lack of Leadership

Many societies, clubs and school organizations are not conducted efficiently and
intelligently.

Communit infiltration

It has been reported of and on that the communist party has infiltrated institutions
of learning Apprehen and fear, Well founded in some schools and groundless in
other, have been expressed that communists students cells have been organized.

Over Participation and under participation

There is a wide range of students activities. collateral to compiting with or in

harmony with academic training.

Financial

Projects and activities entail expenses organizations are always in need of money to
carry out the same.

Rackeetering

Honestly is exantial in any association Funds da n belong to individual member but

the organization they thereont be disposed of in the internet. of the society.

Duplication and need for coordination.

Student's activities tend to be state or in come

causes hackneyed under the quire campus tradition.

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

Absence of Lack of Evaluation of Activities.

The advisers and the thembers should have a clear group of the special contribution
that each club is expected to make and should be cognizant of
the needs of the students and the school.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

Research Question :

Is there a Significant Relationship between Budget Transpormation and Students’

Level of Academic Performance?

Null Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant relationship between budget transportation and
students’ level of academic performance.

Alternative Hypothesis
H1: There is a significant relationship between budget transportation and students’
level of academic performance.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.General Appropriation Act - The General Appropriations Act as the Allotment
Order. The General Appropriations Act (GAA), upon its effectivity, shall be
considered the allotment authorizing agencies to obligate in accordance with its
provisions, except for the following: Sec.
4. Receipts or Revenues Collected by Agencies.
definition of terms ‘to palit sa Authority

2. Stabilization Policy - In Keynesian stabilization policy, demand is stimulated to

counter high levels of unemployment and it is suppressed to counter rising inflation.
The two main tools in use today to increase or decrease demand are to lower or raise
interest rates for borrowing or to increase of decrease government spending.

3. Textbooks - conforming to or corresponding to a standard or type that is

prescribed or widely held by theorists.
a book used as a standard work for the study of a particular subject.

4. Transportation barriers - Common transportation barriers include long travel

distances, lack of vehicle, transportation cost, inadequate infrastructure, and
adverse policies affecting travel.

5. Transportation finance - Financing is the process of providing funds for business

activities, making purchases, or investing. Financial institutions, such as banks, are
in the business of providing capital to businesses, consumers, and investors to help
them achieve their goals.

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

6. Legislation - legislation, the preparing and enacting of laws by local, state, or

national legislatures. In other contexts it is sometimes used to apply to municipal
ordinances and to the rules and regulations of administrative agencies passed in the
exercise of delegated legislative functions.

7. Direct appropriation - is an appropriation made in biennial or annual budget bills

and is for a limited period of time, usually within the biennium. C. "Open
Appropriation" refers to theauthority to spend an unspecified amount of resources
to meet a program's objective or a constitutional requirement.
8 .Stabilization Policy - In Keynesian stabilization policy, demand is stimulated to
counter high levels of unemployment and it is suppressed to counter rising inflation.
The two main tools in use today to increase or decrease demand are to lower or raise
interest rates for borrowing or to increase of decrease government spending.
9. Legislation - legislation, the preparing and enacting of laws by local, state, or
national legislatures. In other contexts it is sometimes used to apply to municipal
ordinances and to the rules and regulations of administrative agencies passed in the
exercise of delegated legislative functions.

10. Direct appropriation - is an appropriation made in biennial or annual budget

bills and is for a limited period of time, usually within the biennium.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study will cover the determination of the effects of budget transportation to
academic performance. The primary subjects of this research study will consist of
the Grade 12 students enrolled in academic year 2022-2023. The respondents will be
limited to ten (10) Grade 12 students who are in the HUMSS section of Academic
Senior High School of the Trinity Polytechnic College in the Division of Caloocan
City.

Moreover, the participants will be purposely selected by referring to their record of

grades in the English subject Reading and Writing. In the pretest, the participants
are marked as nonfluent level 1 readers. On the other hand, the budget
transportation will be composed of students in the Trinity Polytechnic College.

Chapter 2 (Review of related literature)

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

This chapter describes the reviews of related research including the foreign study.
The researcher finds out some of the reviews of budget literature which could be
very supportive to strengthen this study. After analyzing the available literature ,
the researcher has presented some of the observations and findings of the experts.
To have a thoroughly familiar with both of the previous budget transportation and
academic performance. The Literature related to any problems helps the researcher
to discover information which would enable to have a deep insight, clear prospective
and a better understanding of a chosen problem and various factors connected to
the study. Hence a number of books, journals and websites were referred and
reviews were collected

2.1 local budget transportation

The demand for transport services is determined by several factors at the same time,
the impact of these factors is varied, and the impacts of individual factors of
demand are different according to the groups of passengers making the demand for
bus services. The article deal with the design and the application of the methodology
for measuring and evaluating the impact of the quality of transport services on the
demand of passengers for suburban bus transport. The results may contribute to
the stabilization of the demand for bus services, or they can serve as a basis for the
improvement of transport services in the bus transport sector.

Berežný, R., & Konecný, V. (2017). The impact of the quality of transport services
on passenger demand in the suburban bus transport. Procedia Engineering, 192,
40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.007.

2.2 foreign budget transportation

Impact of College Provided Transportation on the Absenteeism and Academic

Performance of Engineering Students.
Khaled Shaaban, Ranya Reda
EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 17 (3), 2021
Students use different modes of transport to go to college. While many
transportation programs exist at different universities and many experts find these
programs to have a positive impact, no studies have investigated the impact of such
programs on the absenteeism and academic performance of college students. The
main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a college provided
transportation program on the absenteeism and performance of engineering
students. Different types of data were collected from a sample of engineering
students, including attendance records, grade point average (GPA), course grades,
majors, and bus ridership information for two years. The findings suggest that there
is a positive impact of providing a college transportation service to engineering
students in the form of better attendance and higher GPA. The outcomes of this
study can be used to evaluate similar programs in the future and can be used by
public agencies and policymakers to make decisions on expanding investments in
such programs.
View at eric.ed.gov

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

[PDF] ed.gov
Cited by 8
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All 7 versions

Transportation to school and academic outcomes: a systematic review

Laura M Hopson, AD Lidbe, MS Jackson, E Adanu, X Li, P Penmetsa, HY Lee, A
Anderson, C Obuya, G Abura-Meerdink
Educational Review, 1-21, 2022
School transportation may have important implications for academic success, but
few studies examine how these variables are related. This systematic review is the
first that synthesizes research linking school transportation with academic outcomes.
Using the PRISMA framework, the authors conducted a literature search across
multiple data sources and screened articles for the following eligibility criteria: 1)
Design is quantitative or mixed methods; 2) Sample consists of primary or
secondary school students; 3) Variables include school transportation and academic
outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened each study for inclusion criteria.
Two reviewers also independently rated each study on methodological quality in five
dimensions using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Throughout the
process, reviewers consulted to resolve any discrepancies between ratings. The
search revealed 249 abstracts that were screened for inclusion criteria. This resulted
in 61 relevant articles after duplicates were removed. After screening, reviewers
determined that 26 studies met inclusion criteria. Most took place in the United
States, although studies were also conducted in Canada, Croatia, England, Nepal,
Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, and Spain. Thirteen studies met all MMAT
methodological quality standards. Longer travel times and transportation
challenges were associated with adverse academic outcomes except when they
provided access to higher-quality schools. School bus transportation had a mixed
relationship with academic outcomes. The authors conclude that research points to
the importance of transportation as it relates to academic success, especially for
students of color and those from low-income households.

Chapter 3 (Research methodology)

Research Methodology

This study was conducted in order to determine the Budget Transportation it’s effect of academic
performance of Trinity Polytechnic College Year 2022 - 2023 of student in Class. This chapter states the
method used in gathering information, provide legitimate information about the design of this research
and the procedures used in gathering information for this research.

3.1Research Design

This study is phenomenological study which aims to determine the Budget Transpormation ansportation
it’s effect of academic performance of Trinity Polytechnic College Year 2022 - 2023 of student in class.
Phenomenological research is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon
City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@gmail.com

person point of view. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality its being directed toward
something, as it is an experience of or about some object.

3.2 respondents of the study

The student - respondents will purposely be chosen because the researcher believes that through
purposive sampling, she can obtain a re representative sample by using a sound judgment, which can also
result in saving time and finances (Black K., 2010). In addition, the HUMSS strand has more English
subjects that require reading. Hence, the learners in this section need to possess the necessary reading
skills they are expected to have, such as fluency and reading comprehension.

3.3 sampling technique .

Purposive sampling will be used in this study. The respondents of the study will be the select ten (10)
Grade 12-HUMSS students of Mr. Clark students in Trinity Polytechnic College Senior High School

for the academic year 2022-2023

3.4 intumentation

3.5 data gathering method

3.6 data processing and statistical treatment

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