13.

3 Chapter 13 Review
Knowledge

Particles projected upwards Particles projected downwards

Positive
Upwards Downwards
direction

Acceleration a =−g a =g
(H) vx = u cos θ x = (u cos θ )t (H) vx = u cos θ x = (u cos θ )t
Governing (V) vy = u sin θ − gt (V) vy = u sin θ + gt
equation 1 1
y = (u sin θ )t − gt 2 y = (u sin θ )t + gt 2
2 2
gx 2 gx 2
Cartesian y = x tan θ − 2 y = x tan θ + 2
2u cos2 θ 2u cos2 θ
equation of gx 2 sec2 θ gx 2 sec2 θ
trajectory y = x tan θ − y = x tan θ +
2u 2 2u 2

For particles that start and finish their motion on the same horizontal level,
u sin θ
Time taken to the highest point = ;
g
u 2 sin2 θ
Greatest height = ；
2g
2u sin θ
Total time of flight = ；
g
u 2 sin 2θ
Range on horizontal ground = .
g

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 Example
A small stone is projected from a point O on horizontal ground, with speed m/s at an angle ° above
the horizontal. The horizontal and upward vertical displacements of the particle from O at time t
seconds after production are x and y respectively. The equation of the stone’s trajectory is
y = 0.75x − 0.02x 2, where x and y are in metres. Find:
(a) the values of and V;
(b) the distance from O of the point where the stone hits the ground;
(c) the greatest height reached by the stone.

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Extra Example
A fielder can throw a cricket ball faster at low angles than at high angles. This is modelled by
assuming that, at an angle , he can throw a ball with a speed k cos θ , where k is a constant.
2k 2
(a) Show that the horizontal distance he can throw is given by (sin θ − sin3 θ );
g
(b) Find the maximum distance he can throw the ball on level ground.

葛峰 编著 -6- Compiled by Jason.Ge