FAD1020 PHYSICS 1

REFERENCES

Pn Hashlina Rusdi (BILIK 29)

 Mechanics
Kinematics deals with the concepts that
are needed to describe motion.
Dynamics deals with the effect that forces
have on motion.

Together, kinematics and dynamics form

the branch of physics known as Mechanics.
 3.1 : Linear Motion
3.2 : Motion With Constant Acceleration
3.3 : Free Fall Motion

3.4 : Projectile Motion

Students need to read before

lecture are part 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
 PROJECTILE MOTION
y y
x
o
osin 


x
ocos 

Projectile is a motion of an object in two

dimensions under gravitational acceleration.
Break the two dimensional motion into
horizontal and vertical components
 PROJECTILE MOTION
y y
x
o
osin 


x
ocos 
Consider an object is thrown at an angle  above the
ground. While in motion the object is subjected to
the gravitational force (weight), assuming that the
air resistance is negligible.
 PROJECTILE MOTION
y y
o
x y
o 
osin 

x


x
ocos 
◼ At the initial point the components of initial
velocity vo are:
- Horizontal component: vocos 
- Vertical component: vosin 
 PROJECTILE MOTION
◼ The acceleration in horizontal direction is zero
because there is no force acting in the direction. So
the velocity component is constant.
◼ In the vertical direction the force is only
gravitational force acting downward with an
acceleration g = 9.81 ms-2.
y y
x
o
osin




x
ocos 
PROJECTILE MOTION
Equation of motion in horizontal direction
From s = ut + 1/2at 2
Horizontal direction s = x, a = 0 ms-2
and ux = vocos 
so x = uxt
= (vocos ) t
or t = x
vo cos 
PROJECTILE MOTION
Equation of motion in vertical direction
From s = ut + 1/2at 2
Vertical direction s = y, a = -g ms-2
and uy = vo sin

y = ut + 1/2at 2
= vo sin t - 1/2at 2
 PROJECTILE MOTION
x
substitute t = vo cos  into y equation

y = (vosin ) x -g x
vo cos  v cos 
2 2
o
2
gx
= x tan  -
2vo2 cos 2 

This is called Trajectory Equation

 PROJECTILE MOTION
y y
x
o

osin



The Range, R ocos  (R, 0) x

The range is the maximum horizontal distance

traveled. At maximum horizontal point,
2 y = 0 and x = R
gx
y = x tan  -
2v cos 
2
o
2

2
gR
0 = R tan  -
2v cos 
2
o
2
 PROJECTILE MOTION
2
gx
y = x tan 
2v cos 
2 2

- o
2
gR
0 = R tan  -
2v cos 
2
o
2

2v cos  sin 
2 2
v sin 2
2

R= =
o o

g cos  g
PROJECTILE MOTION
The maximum height, H

 = u + 2as
2 2

 = 0 and s = H then substitute into above

equation: 02 = (osin)2 – 2gH
2gH = ( sin )
2

 sin 
2 2

H= o

2g
 PROJECTILE MOTION
The maximum height, H
1
At the highest point, y = H and x = R
Substitute in equation 2
gx 2
 sin 2
2

y = x tan  − ;
R= o

2 cos 
2
o
2
g

 1 
2

g R   sin 
2 2

H = R tan  −  2 
1 H= o

2 2 cos 
2
o
2
2g
 Example 1
A goft ball is hit with a speed of 30 ms-1 at
an angle of 30o above the horizontal.
Calculate:
a) The horizontal and vertical of the initial velocity.
b) The velocity at the height of 0.5 m above the
ground.
c) The maximum height
d) The range of the projectile
e) The time of flight.
Example 2
◼ A rifle fires a bullet with a speed of 250
ms-1 at an angle of 37o above the
horizontal.
a) Relative to the launch height, what
height does the bullet reach?
b) What is the horizontal range?
c) How long is the bullet in the air?
Example 3
◼ A quarterback throws a football toward
a receiver with an initial speed of
20 m s-1, at an angle of 30o above the
horizontal. At that instant, the receiver
is 20 m from the quarterback. In what
direction and with what constant speed
should the receiver run in order to catch
the football at the level at which it was
thrown.
 Example 4
◼ A mountain climber is stranded on a ledge
30 m above the ground (Fig. below).
Rescuers on the ground want to shoot a
projectile to him with a rope attached to it.
If the projectile is directed upward at an
initial angle of 55o from a horizontal
distance of 50 m, Determine the initial
speed the projectile must have in order to
land on the ledge.
EXAMPLE 5:
A youngster hurls a ball horizontally at a speed
of 7.0 m s-1 from a bridge 30 m above a river.
Ignoring air resistance:
(a) How long will the ball take to hit the water?
(b) What is the velocity of the ball just before
it lands?
(c) How far from the bridge will it strike?

7.0 m m/s
10.0 s-1

30
50mm
sx x

y 
EXAMPLE 6:
Making an angle of 40.0° with the horizontal, a
cannon fire a ball with a muzzle speed of 100 m s-1.
(a) What are its initial vertical and horizontal
speeds?
(b) What is its peak altitude?
(c) On the way up, how long will it take to reach an
altitude of 100 m?
Example 7
◼ A ball is thrown straight upward and
returns to the thrower’s hand after 3.00
s in the air. A second ball is thrown at
an angle of 30.0o with the horizontal. At
what speed must the second ball be
thrown so that it reaches the same
height as the one thrown vertically?
Example 8
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top
of a building 35 m high. The ball
dropped to the ground 80 m from the
foot of the building. Determine the
i) time of flight
ii) initial velocity of the ball
iii) velocity just before the ball hit the
ground
 Example 9
A stone is thrown upward from the top of a
building at an angle, 30o to the horizontal
and with an initial speed of 20.0 ms-1, as in
figure below. The height of the building is 45
m.
a) How long is the stone “in flight” ?
b) What is the speed of the stone just before it
strikes the ground?
c) Calculate the value of x.
d) Find the velocity of the object at the height
of 30 m above the ground.
 Example 10
◼ A home run is in such a way that the
baseball just clears a wall 21 m high,
located 130 m from home plate. The ball is
hit at an angle of 35o to the horizontal, and
air resistance is negligible. Find
◼ the initial speed of the ball,
◼ the time it takes the ball to reach the wall,
◼ the velocity component and the speed of the
ball when it reaches the wall
◼ (Assume the ball is hit at a height of 1.0 m
above the ground)
Example 11 A 2.00 m tall basketball player
is standing on the floor 10.0 m
from the basket, as in Figure
below. If he shoots the ball at a
30.0° angle with the horizontal,
at what initial speed must he
throw the basketball so that it
goes through the hoop without
striking the backboard? The
height of the basket is 3.05 m.
B1 (0405) Example 12

(a) A bullet is shot at an angle above the horizontal with a

speed . Write down the vertical and horizontal components
of the initial velocity. (2 marks)
(b) If x is the horizontal component and y is the vertical
component of the displacement, derive the equation relating
y and x in terms of v and  (trajectory equation) for the
projectile in part (a). (3.5 marks)
B1 (0405) Example 13
(C) A particle is projected at an angle of 30o above the
horizontal with a speed of 50 m s-1 .
Determine
(i) the height at horizontal point of 2 m. (4 marks)
(ii) range of the projectile (4 marks)
(iii) the maximum height reached. (4 marks)