Ray Khan, Product Manager (LPCW), 5th September 2014

IEC 62305 – 3: Physical damage to

structures and life hazard
Content

Course Title
"IEC 62305 part III - Lightning Protection Standard Workshop
Part III: Physical Damage to Structure and Life Hazard“

Duration 1 day
PDU: 5

Time Event
§ 8:30 Registration
§ 9:00 "Overview of IEC EN 62305 – Part 3. Understanding of Lightning Protection System
Consideration to factor during the design of external Lightning Protection System (LPS)
§ 10:15 Coffee/Tea Break
§ 10:30 "Factors to consider during the deployment of Air Termination System"

§ 12:00 Lunch

§ 13:30: Factors to consider during the deployment of Down Conductor & Earth Termination
System
Understanding the Type Test of Lightning protection components"
§ 15.30 End of Program

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 2
Ray Khan, Product Manager (LPCW), 5th September 2014

IEC 62305 – 3: Physical damage to

structures and life hazard
External Lightning Protection Design &
Consideration
Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 4
Earthing, Lightning and Exothermic weld materials
Complete Structural Protection Solution

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 5
Fundamental of Lightning Protection Theory
62305fff-3
• Benjamin Franklin
- inventor of Lightning Rod

• Michael Faraday
- inventor of Faraday Cage

Lightning Protection System

• 4 classes of structural LP
• 2 types of earthing arrangements
• encourages use of natural metalwork
• focus on importance of equipotential bonding
Moving from BS6651 to BS EN/IEC 62305
62305-3

BS 6651:1999 BS EN 62305:2006

Two levels of lightning Four levels of Lightning Protection

protection – ordinary and high System (LPS)
risk I-IV

Class Mesh Size DC spacing Rolling

(m x m) (m) Sphere (m)
I 5x5 10 20
II 10 x 10 10 30
III 15 x 15 15 45
IV 20 x 20 20 60

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 7
Air Termination System

To conform to this standard ALL types of air

termination systems shall be positioned in
accordance with requirements laid out in this
standard
9
© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 9
Air Termination System
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3 basic protective methods for determining the position of the air

termination system
1. Rolling Sphere Method
2. Protective Angle Method
3. Mesh Method

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 11
Rolling Sphere
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© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 12
Rolling Sphere
Rolling Sphere
Rolling Sphere
Rolling Sphere
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© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 15
Rolling sphere method
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Air termination
required
R

R - Radius of the rolling sphere

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 16
Rolling Sphere
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Protective method

Class of Rolling Sphere Mesh size (m Protection angle

LPS radius (m) x m) a°

I 20 5x5
see
II 30 10 x 10 information
below
III 45 15 x 15

IV 60 20 x 20

17
Rolling Sphere
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Using Air Rods or Free Standing Masts

View on arrow A

A B
View on arrow B

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 18
Rolling Sphere
62305-3 (Or Suspended) Conductors
Catenary

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 19
Rolling Sphere
62305-3 (Or Suspended) Conductors
Catenary

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 20
Protection Angle Method
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62305 Standard – Angle
protection theory

Height

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 21
Determination of protective angle
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alphaº
80

70

60

50

40

30
IV
I II III
20
Class of LPS
10

0
0 2 10 20 30 40 50 60
hm
Note 1 Not applicable beyond the values marked with
Only rolling sphere and mesh methods apply in these cases.
Note 2 h is the height of air-termination above the reference plane of the area to be protected.
Note 3 The angle will not change for values of h below 2m.

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 22
Protection Angle Method
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h1

h2
h

Variable angles depending on height to reference

plane and class of LPS

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 23
Protection Angle Method
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View on arrow A

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 24
Protection Angle Method

Section through a rolling

sphere of radius r .
Protection over
estimated by the
simplified protective
angle method.

Protection under
estimated by the
simplified protective
angle method.

Mathematical simplification of rolling sphere method

25
© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 25
Mesh Method
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Zone of Protection
20m x 20m Air Termination

Down conductors at 20m intervals

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 26
Mesh Method
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Protective method

Class of Rolling Sphere Mesh size (m Protection angle

LPS radius (m) x m) a°

I 20 5x5
see
II 30 10 x 10 information
below
III 45 15 x 15

IV 60 20 x 20

27
Mesh method (Rolling Sphere Principle)
62305-3Conductor Network
Meshed

View on arrow A

B
View on arrow B
A

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 28
Mesh method (Rolling Sphere Principle)
62305-3Conductor Network
Meshed

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 29
Mesh method
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Most Common used in BS6651 and now BSEN/IEC 62305

Down conductor DC DC Vertical air termination (bare vertical rod)

at 10m intervals or strike plates at 5m
intervals
Concealed conductor
Class Mesh size
(m x m) Vertical air termination
or strike plate
I 5x5 DC DC

II 10 x 10
Horizontal
conductor

III 15 x 15
IV 20 x 20 DC
Roof pitch
DC

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 30
Distribution of Lightning Strike Points
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Percentage Distribution of Strike Points

Lighting Damage Location 2000 1995

(a) Sharp corners points >90% >80%

(b) Horizontal slant edges <5% <10%

(c) Vertical edges <2% <5%

(d) flat surface <1% <5%
(e) other locations 0% N/A

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 32
Typical Lightning Protection: Level IV

Zone of Protection
20m x 20m Air Termination

Down conductors at 20m intervals

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 33
Natural Components
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Natural Metallic Structure

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 34
Natural Components
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Reinforcing Steel / Beam

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 35
Natural Components
Natural – Metal Roof

Class of Thickness(1) Thickness(2)

Material
LPS t (mm) t’ (mm)

Lead - 2.0
Steel (stainless, 4 0.5
galvanized)
I to IV
Copper 5 0.5

Aluminium 7 0.65

Zinc - 0.7
NOTE 1: thickness t prevents puncture, hot spot or ignition.
NOTE 2: thickness t’ only for metal sheets if it is not important to
prevent puncture, hot spot or ignition problems.
Natural Components
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Where to apply installation

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 37
Tall Structures
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1 to 60 m : Only consider
fitting an air termination
system to roof and provide
protection to points, corners
and edges of structure.

No lateral air termination

required regardless of class
of LPS
Tall Structures
62305-3

60 to 120 m : A lateral air termination

system should be installed on top 20%
of structure (typically top 24 m) relevant
to its class of LPS

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 40
Tall Structures
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120 m and above : A lateral air

termination system should be
incorporated into structure from 120 m
upwards relative to its class of LPS.
This lateral air termination system will
most likely be present

Ensure that this ‘natural’ lateral air

termination system fulfils the
requirements in terms of exposed strike
plates and relevant spacing

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 41
Roof mounted equipment – case 1

Equipment casing can withstand direct strike – bond

casing directly to LPS

Electrical services entering structure – ‘live’ cores bond to

nearest equipotential bonding bar via Type I lightning
current SPDs

43
© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 43
Roof mounted equipment – case 2
Equipment casing cannot withstand direct strike – evaluate
separation distance
If achievable (sufficient space on roof) – install air rod (or
suspended conductor) connected to LPS

44
© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 44
Roof mounted equipment – case 2
Equipment casing cannot withstand direct strike – evaluate
separation distance
If not achievable (insufficient space on roof) – install air rod
(or suspended conductor) connected to LPS, bond air rod
to casing

45
© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 45
Separation distance of external LPS
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Separation distance (electrical insulation)

between external LPS and structural
metal parts required – minimise any
partial lightning current being introduced
internally in structure

Sufficient gap – current in d.c cannot

bridge gap/flashover to internal
metalwork

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 46
Separation distance of external LPS
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kc
s = ki ´ ´l
km
Separation distance calculated from
where ki = related to class of LPS
kc = coefficient related to current flowing in d.c
km = coefficient related to separation medium
l = length along air termination or d.c, from
point where s is to be considered to nearest
equipotential bonding point

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 47
Separation distance of external LPS
62305-3

kc
s = ki ´ ´l
km
Separation distance calculated from
where ki = related to class of LPS

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 48
Separation distance of external LPS
62305-3

kc
s = ki ´ ´l
km
Separation distance calculated from
Where kc = coefficient related to current flowing in d.c

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 49
Separation distance of external LPS
62305-3

kc
s = ki ´ ´l
km
Separation distance calculated from
where km = coefficient related to separation medium

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 50
Separation distance of external LPS
Exercise
kc
4 down conductors (Kc = 0.44)
Class II LPS (ki = 0.06)
s = ki ´ ´l
km
Medium air (km = 1)
Type A earthing arrangement
Length of air termination/d.c to nearest equipotential bar = 25 m

Required separation distance “S” will be ?

51
© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 51
Separation distance of external LPS
62305-3

kc
s = ki ´ ´l
km
s = 0.06 x 0.44 x 25
1
= 0.66 m
Air rod needs to be minimum 0.66 m away from a.c unit to
prevent flashover in event of lightning discharge striking
rod

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 52
Earthing, Lightning and Exothermic weld materials
Complete Structural Protection Solution

© ABB Group
September 7, 2014 | Slide 53
E&LP Application and Design Example

Air Terminals
E&LP Application and Design Example

Down
Conductor /
Fittings
E&LP Application and Design Example

Grounding