GEED 10083

Science, Technology and Society

Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society

Mr. MOHAMMED, CLINT

Sycayco, Ethan Jan B.

BSND3-1N
 1. Share some of your personal intellectual revolutions.

To share some intellectual revolutions, I believe that the world happened and is entirely composed
of matter. Herewith, Atomism serves its purpose. It is a natural philosophy and does not exist in
the ideas of three known intellectuals, such as Nicholas Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and
Sigmund Freud. However, this is a personal perception of intellectual revolution as it also defines
the movement of enlightenment. Whereas people were inquisitive about how the world started
and what are the things that drive every matter. Democritus named the word “atom” from the
Greek word “Atomos,” which means “uncuttable.” Leucippus introduced Atomism which typically
means that all components in the universe are composed of indivisible atoms. However, the
theory reduction discussed that nothing they compose exists as the only thing that exists is the
atom. The revolution of Atomism revolves around Greek Atomism to Modern atomic theory. More
experimental theories happened, composing elements such as water, air, fire, and others. Under
this revolution, Roger Boscovich provided the first mathematical theory of Atomism. With the help
of other scientists and philosophers, they discovered that matter has weight, and the composition
of the theory upon observing distilled water led him to observe other chemicals, such as hydrogen
and oxygen. As a result, it concluded that there is an element for every atom solely. Years later,
Atomism greatly impacted physics, making Albert Einstein publish one of his first enormous
scientific contributions related to atoms, water, and motions. Therefore, the revolution gave
enlightenment and a bridge to discover more existence in the universe. Atomism served its
purpose as the discovery of substances that led us to subsequent development and rightly served
the personal revolution that has impacted the earth and the universe.
 2. Discuss further the Darwinian revolution and cite some examples.

The Darwinian Revolution is an intellectual revolution that occurred within the paradigm shift. The
paradigm shift is when scientists search for enlightenment as they find and replace a theory with
something new and better. Charles Darwin proposed this theory as it embeds natural selection in
the intellectual revolutions in the modern era. The Darwinian Revolution changed the idea and
gave way to the organic idea of life under the realm of nature. Charles Robert Darwin is a
naturalist known for his book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859. This book presented how the
species changes on its own over time. Charles Darwin spent twenty years cultivating his theory.
To discuss this theory mainly includes the disbelief of the Creator, in contrast, that all humane
and natural organisms have their life and have their movement of adapting to their surroundings
and producing offspring. It also describes that organisms alter and conform to cultural and
behavioral influences that develop from generation to generation. He believed that survival is an
excellent factor in modifying life. The Darwinian Revolution has two leading theories The first
explains that all life on earth and the universe is connected and relates to each other. As this
theory stands, he believes that no one created the earth as life has evolved over the years to
develop offspring. Evolution. The second theory discusses the distinctive evolvement of
behavioral and cultural variety that has only been a result of the modification of populations
selected by nature. Natural selection. Subsequently, the Darwinian Revolution is simply an
evolution by natural selection. The organisms and their habitat repetitively process into heritable
traits, giving the theory a sense of reality as patterns of traits are visible to the naked eye. Darwin
also provided a logical explanation of natural selection. Given the example of a species having
two different varieties, many left offspring as they lived in their generation. For some reason, the
remaining species would survive and be able to reproduce with more suitable genetic traits that
fit the environment.
References:

Chalmers, A. (2019). Atomism from the 17th to the 20th Century (E. N. Zalta, Ed.). Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atomism-modern/

Reidy, M. (n.d.). The Darwinian Revolution HSTR 282CS -Spring 2014.

https://www.montana.edu/history/documents/syllabi/REIDY_282CS%20-%20Syllabus%20-
%20Sp%2014.pdf

Khan Academy. (2016). Darwin, evolution, & natural selection. Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/natural-selection/natural-selection-
ap/a/darwin-evolution-natural-selection