1.2.

DIVERSION TUNNEL
3.3.1 RIVER DIVERSION SYSTEM

In general, in every dam construction, river diversion should be carried out

during construction. Determining the location of cofferdam and pipeline,
depends on the topography, geology and the shape of the river flow to be
diverted. The river diversion system at the Asahan 5 dam is planned to use the
diversion tunnel.

3.3.2 DISCHARGE FLOOD PLAN FOR DIVERSION

Flood plan for planning diversion river with cofferdam construction

determind base on age of cofferdam plan. These three factors can be
formulated can be expressed by equations :

Where

R = amount of acceptable risk of failure

N = Age of building plan (Coferdam)

T = Re-period (Year)

If from the 3 year design time of the Asahan dam construction period, the
service age of the cofferdam is defined as N = 5 years and the risk of failure R
= 10%, then the diversion river of discharge must be planned with a T = 50
years repeat period. Therefore the channel / pipe diversion is based on the
flood discharge with a 50 year return period with a top discharge of 809 m3 / s.

3.3.3 FORM AND CAPACITY DIVERSION TUNNEL

 Based on topography condition and river flow form length diversion pipeline
set 300 meters and base slope channel / pipe So = 0.01. Diversion channel for
Asahan-5 dam make from comcrete have the form pipe, have the form horse
chip, with the beginning divided be two installation of pulgs. Based on elevation
inlet +50.0 m and outlet +47.0 m.

This is Diversion channel after the construction is complete will named as

bottom oulet.

Equation used for caculate diversion pipe capacity when free flow condition and
stress flow used Manning formula.

Channel duct calculations are based on the flood discharge of the 20 year
replanning plan. As for which needs to be analyzed and done calculations in
plotting the diversion channel are:

1. Based on its topography, the dock conduit at the top / upstream is the
ground channel, in the center of the enclosed square (conduit box) and
downstream is the ground channel.

2. Channel hydrolics relate to the flow patterns of existing rivers that are non
uniform flow. So in calculating the river hydroulic is calculated by using the
standard step method with the formula of Bernoulli as follows:
 Where :

= Height of the baseline of the energy line (m)

= Water level (m)

= Energy coefficient

= Average flow velocity (m / dt)

= Addition or energy reduction (m)

= Distance between point 1 and point 2

= Coarse coefficient.

= Hydraulic radius (m)

= wet cross-sectional area (m2)

3. Hydrolic calculation on diversion channel,

In hydrolic diversion channel calculation used manning formula as the basis

of calculation with equation as follows:
4. The Construction calculated (Reinforcement),
We will used slope deflection methods as follow :

 Loads that work in the form of dead load (due to pressure of the soil
above the box and next to the box) and live load.
 Determine rigid frame with matrix methods.
 Calculate the end moment
 Calculate the forces acting on each part / side, is the top side, the
left and right side and the bottom side.
 Based on the above calculation we plan the repeatability on duct
channel like calculation on the bridge.

After the Dam is completed, the diversion channel has to be reclosed, where the
length of our closing channel calculate with the following formula :

Where :
 = Security number of sliding hazard = 4.0

= Coefficient friction = 0.65

= Concrete shear stress (ton / m2)

= Area of cross section (m2)

= Area of cross section (m2)

= Water press force (ton / m2)

= Concrete weight of cover (ton)

= The specific gravity of concrete (ton / m3)

= Closing length (m)

= Channel base width (m)