Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (Prelim Assignment 5)

Teacher: Sir John Robert General, Dean/Instructor

Student: Stephen Azares, Nursing Student

Date Submitted: 09-09-2021

Case Study 1 (Imogene King)

A 23 year old pregnant female, 39 weeks, gravida 1 para 0 arrives on the Obstetrics Unit with her
significant other complaining of "frequent contractions". Upon examination the nurse
determines the patient is in labor. Vital signs are stable and orders have been obtained from the physician.
After having the patient change into a gown, the nurse then begins to hook the patient to the monitor. As
she is attaching the monitor, she explains the purpose of the monitor and what the patient should expect
such as frequent blood pressures. The nurse than begins her admission assessment. During the assessment
the nurse explains the different stages of labor and what to expect during those stages. They discuss the
patients and her significant others birthing plan. Expectations between the nurse, the patient and her
significant other are discussed. They all agree on a plan of care.

Based on the information given, which of King's interacting systems are utilized? Is there more
than one used? Please explain your answer.

Answers:
With the information given, I think there is more than one interacting system is
utilized and these are the personal, interpersonal, and social systems. For the personal
system, the patient complains of her frequent contractions and that’s represented as her
body image. For the interpersonal system, there are two or more individuals in interaction
who are the nurse, the patient, and her significant other. They act in a mutual presence
and share information about their perception of the nursing situation. The patient along
with her significant other complains about the frequent contractions of the patient while
the nurse explains the purpose of the monitor and what the patient should expect such as
frequent blood pressures. She also explains the different stages of labor and what to
expect during those stages. They discuss the patient and her significant other's birthing
plan. Expectations between the nurse, the patient, and her significant other are discussed
too. For social settings, there are continuous activities conducted to achieve the goal, a
transactional process characterized by active, reciprocal relations, and most importantly
the decision making where they all agree on a plan of care. Therefore the relationship
between these three interacting systems and each of the different concepts that make up
the systems is what led to Imogene King's theory of goal attainment.
Case Study 2 (BettyNeuman)
Sally, a nurse for community mental health is caring for 3 clients today. First, she meets Sam. Sam has
been admitted to a psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of psychosis and schizophrenia. Sally provides Sam
with appropriate interventions to help stabilize his condition, monitors his compliance with medication
and conducts therapy sessions.

1) Sally is using what level of prevention according to Neuman System Model?

Answers:
The client variables are physiological, sociocultural, psychological, spiritual and
developmental. Based on the Neuman Systems Model therefore, Sally is using the Secondary
level of prevention. The focus of secondary prevention is early disease detection, making it
possible to prevent the worsening of the disease and the emergence of symptoms, or to minimize
complications and limit disabilities before the disease becomes severe. In this case, we see that
Sam has been diagnosed with psychosis and schizophrenia and he has been admitted to a
psychiatric unit so that they can begin treatment. Sam is being given medication to stabilize his
moods and to avoid his condition from getting worse.

2) Give a few examples of nursing actions using Tertiary preventions as interventions?

Answers:
An example of nursing action using tertiary prevention is cancer management. This aims
at reducing further dysfunction of the patient’s body due to the disease. The patients are put on
chemotherapy to help reduce the effects of the cancer in their body. In some cases,some patients
get to live a couple of more years due to the treatment they got.