Department of Education

Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12

English Reviewer

What is a persuasive text?

• A persuasive text is a text that comes in a form of an argument, exposition,
discussion, review, or an advertisement, the main purpose of which is to present a
point of view and to persuade the readers.

Features of Persuasive Text

1. It begins with a clear thesis statement.
2. It includes supporting ideas and arguments. Statistics, facts, examples,
3. or quotations are needed to support the main argument.
4. It uses a clear organization or structure that builds logically from one point
5. to the next, leading to a definite conclusion.
6. It is usually composed of three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.
7. It usually uses transition words or phrases that show how ideas are
8. connected.
9. The conclusion of the persuasive text should repeat the main purpose of
10. the text.

Opinion and Assertion

• An opinion is the personal judgment or view of a person about an issue or a topic.
Most statements of opinion begin with phrases like “For me...” “I think...” or “I
believe...”
Example: “I think the Miracle is the best movie of all time.”
• The statement above is personal (I) and uncertain, but it also claims a degree
of universality that even that you don’t agree with me, I think you should.

• An assertion is a statement used to make a declaration or to make a firm belief on a

particular topic. All uncertainty and personality of the subject is dropped, and the
statement becomes absolute.
Example: “Beowulf is the best movie and everyone have to watch it!”
 Department of Education
Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12

• The statement now makes a claim or a strong belief about the movie Beowulf.
• The subject “I” and the phrase “I think...” are dropped, which denotes uncertainty.

A factual claim is defined as a statement which can be proven from evidence such as fact,
personal observation, reliable source, or expert’s opinion.
Ex: William Shakespeare has been considered as one of the famous dramatists in the world.

A commonplace assertion is a statement that many people assume to be true but which is
not necessarily true.
Ex: An apple a day keeps a doctor away.

A pronoun is a word or phrase that is used as a substitute for a noun or noun phrase.

Reflexive Pronouns
• They are objects that refer to the subject.
• They end in –self or selves.
• It can be used as the direct object, indirect object, or object of prepositions in a
sentence.
Ex:

Intensive Pronouns
• used to emphasize another noun or pronoun.
• They are also called emphatic appositives that means that they do not need to refer
to the subject.
 Department of Education
Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12

Ex: My brother himself paid for the bicycle.

• Notice that you could take himself out of the sentence, and it would still make
sense since an intensive pronoun is used for emphasis, it is not necessary to the
sentence. It does not give us any new information. You could take out an intensive
pronoun from a sentence, and the sentence would still make sense.

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or sentences. Some conjunctions are for,
and, nor, but, or, yet, etc.

A parenthetical expression is a phrase or clause that is inserted within the sentence. It

interrupts another phrase or clause. Note that the expressions are enclosed in pairs of
punctuation marks, commas or parentheses or dashes.
Ex:
• after all
• at any rate
• on the contrary
• I believe
• in the first place
• on the other hand
• for example
Textual aids, also called text features, are visual elements on a page such as titles, bold or
italic prints, charts, diagrams, maps and tables, written texts, prints and some other way of
writing for an important word to stand out from the other. This will make it easy for
readers to memorize, remember, and learn important words more quickly and easily.

These are the forms/examples of Textual Aids:

1. Title gives the gist of the story. It summarizes the main ideas or ideas of your
study. 
2. A graphic organizer is a visual display that demonstrates relationships between
facts,  concepts or ideas.
3. A flow chart is a graphical or symbolic representation of a process.
4. Venn diagram is a diagram used to identify the similarities and differences
between two or more concepts.
5. Cause & Effect Diagram emphasizes the connection between the different
concepts.
6. Concept Maps are general organizer or textual aids that can show the central
thought with its matching characteristics.
 Department of Education
Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12
7. Pie Graph is a circular chart which is divided into slices or portions to illustrate
proportion.
8. Line Graph is a common type of chart which displays the information as a series of
data points connected by line segments to show trends.
9. Timelines is a graphic representation of the passage of time.

There are many types of textual aids and it is important for you to understand the uses and
purposes of each.
1. A title is a story's first impression. It creates anticipation and expectation or, even,
disinterest.
2. A flow chart or sequence chart shows a series of steps or events in the order in
which they take place.
3. A compare/contrast or Venn diagram is used to identify the similarities and
differences between two or more concepts.
4.  The  Graphs such as bar or line present numerical data pictorially, helping readers
visualize relationships among those data.
5. Tables compare information expressed as numbers.
6. A map shows location. It is a representation of an area of land or sea showing
physical features.
7. A diagram shows the parts of an object.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS

1. Narrative Text: It narrates succession of events in chronological order.

2. Descriptive Text: Based on perception. It creates a vivid picture of place,
characters, events and things which are often to be found in narratives
3. Expository Text: It aims at explanation
4. Argumentative Text: Its aim is to change the readers’ beliefs. They often contain
negative qualities or characteristics of something/someone
5. Informative Text: It is nonfiction writing, written with the intention of informing
the reader about a specific topic.
6. Persuasive Text: main purpose is to explain a point of view and seeks to pursue
readers.

An author’s purpose in writing is to inform, persuade and to entertain.

Explicit communication or verbal communication refers to specific information

conveyed in written or spoken words. The things we say or write are shared by means of
words. Since it is explicit, the words are clearly and directly stated.
 Department of Education
Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12
Implicit communication or non-verbal communication is a communication without
words, only visual cues. You "give off" messages through gestures, body language, facial
expressions, tone and vocal qualities, and eye contact. Thus the message is not directly
stated but it is implied or hinted.

• Facial expressions
• Eye contact
• Body movements & posture
• Gestures
• Haptics/Touching
• Proxemics
• Voice

Verbal cues refer to the spoken text itself and to the spoken words, including the use of
powerful or leading statements, questions, interjections, repetition, contrast, narration,
anecdote, examples, humor, idioms, quotations, or figurative language.

Nonverbal signals include eye contact, facial expressions, hand gestures, posture,
movement, and other forms of body language.

Explicit is clear and direct. Implicit is implied , rather than directly

stated.

Literary devices are all essential in bringing out creative and sound writing.

Similes, metaphors, personification, and analogies are figures of speech that strengthen
your writing by appealing to a reader’s imagination.

A simile uses the words like or as to link two different items on the basis of certain shared
qualities.

Ex: Like a wave of brush fires, droves of army ants swept across hundreds of acres of
grasslands.

A metaphor compares two dissimilar items.

Ex: Her hair was a bridal veil around her face, shimmering, pale, and still.

An analogy usually begins with a simile and then offers some detail and occasionally some
narration to illustrate the likeness between two items or experiences.
 Department of Education
Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12
Ex: A free fall toward earth is like descending rapidly in a glass elevator. If you lose sight
of the structures holding the glass walls, and if you ignore the feel of the floor through your
shoed, you will have some sensation of what it is like to float in space, the pull of gravity is
your only reality.

- The first statement sounds like a simile. However the following sentences give
further explanation to the previous claim, turning these into an analogy.

Personification also works as kind of metaphor by attributing human qualities to

nonhuman things.

Ex: The welcoming hands of sunlight touched my shoulders, and I looked up.

Setting Moods - In descriptive writing, you can often want to create a special mood or
feeling about a place, or series of events. You can do this by using sensory impressions or
symbols.

Sensory impressions - are words that appeal to sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.

A discourse marker is a word or a phrase that plays a role in managing the flow and
structure of discourse.
Ex:
• and
• also
• but
• however
• in addition
• frankly

Type of relationship in using Discourse Markers

1. Adding something: In addition; Additionally; Further

2. Making a contrast between two separate things, people, ideas, etc. : On the other
hand; In contrast; Yet.
3. Making an unexpected contrast (concession): Even though; Despite the fact that
4. Saying why something is the case: Since; As
5. Saying what the result of something is: In consequence; As a result; Accordingly
6. Expressing a condition: In the event of; As long as.
7. Making what you say stronger: On the contrary; As a matter of fact; In fact
 Department of Education
Region X
Gusa Regional Science High School - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. (088) 855-72-12

7 Main Story Elements

Theme - Plot (#5) is what happens in a story, a theme is why it happens—which you need
to know while you’re writing the plot.

Characters - I’m talking believable characters who feel knowable. Your main character is
the protagonist, also known as the lead or hero/heroine.

Setting - This may include location, time, or era, but it should also include how things look,
smell, taste, feel, and sound.

Point of View - To determine Point of View (POV) for your story, decide two things:

• the voice you will use to write your story: First Person (I, me), Second Person (you,
your), or Third Person (he, she or it), and
• who will serve as your story’s camera?

Plot - Plot is the sequence of events that make up a story. It’s what compels your reader to
either keep turning the pages, or set the book aside.

Conflict - Conflict is the engine of fiction and is crucial to effective nonfiction as well.

Resolution - is the conclusion of a story's plot.