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____________________
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 The title should A Thesis
spacing in this
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CAPITALIZED. Presented to the Faculty of the
manuscript.

College of _____________________

University of Cebu – Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus

Mandaue City, Philippines

____________________

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in ___________________

by:

NAME NAME NAME NAME NAME

October 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of

Science in Business Administration major in Operations Management, this research
entitled “THE FAMILY-OWNED REAL ESTATE BUSINESS: CHALLENGES
FOR SUSTAINABILITY”, prepared and submitted by Crisanto A. Caloscos has been
examined, accepted and approved for PROPOSAL HEARING.

RICHIE L. MONTEBON, Ph.D.

Adviser

ACCEPTED AS partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in ________________________.

ILY E. ABELLA, DM - HRM

Dean, College of Business and Accountancy

APPROVED by the tribunal at Oral Examination with the grade of PASSED.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

MARLON F. MONTECILLO, Ph.D., Ed.D.

Chairman

LUCILITO ATILLO, J.D., DBA KINGIE G. MICABALO, DBA

Member 1 Member 2

WINNIE MARIE T. POLIQUIT, DBA

Program Research Coordinator

ILY E. ABELLA, DM – HRM ROEL A. MONSANTO, Ph.D.

Dean, College of Business and Accountancy Research Director

Date: December 28, 2020

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 This study would not have been successful without the help and

support of the following persons who become my inspiration in writing this

thesis. It is my greatest pleasure that I may be able to extend my heartfelt

thanks to the following:

To Juana dela Cruz, my heartfelt thanks…

DEDICATION
 This research endeavour is dedicated to the students, management and

staff of the University of Cebu – Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus…

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgment ii
Dedication iii
Abstract iv

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale of the Study 1

Atheoretical Stance 4

Philosophical Stance 5

THE PROBLEM 16

Domains of Inquiry 16

Significance of the Study 18

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21
 Research Design 21

Research Environment 28

Research Key Informants 29

Research Instrument 30

Dry Run Procedures 34

Research Procedure 35

Data Gathering 35

Data Analysis 35

Ethical Considerations 36

Trustworthiness of the Research 37

DEFINITION OF TERMS 39

2 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND 46

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Profile of the Respondents 47
Manifestation of Work Values in 52
Each domain
of inquiry has Terms of Work Ethics
its own
Manifestation of Work Values as to Dependability 55
discussion.
and Responsibility
3 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND 112
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 112
 Findings 112
Conclusion 113
Recommendations 114
REFERENCES 116
APPENDICES
A Transmittal Letter 121
B Informed Consent 122

C Survey Questionnaire (Set A-Teaching) 127

D Pilot Testing Result-Cronbach’s Alpha 140
E Location Map 148

CURRICULUM VITAE 153

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table Description Page No.

1 Research Subjects 24

2 Psychometric Examination Results 31

3 Academic Performance 33

4 Results on the Significant Relationship Between the 34

Psychometric Examination Results and
Academic Performance

Figure Description

1 Research Flow 21
 ABSTRACT

Title
Juan dela Cruz
Email
Orcid No.

 Note: Abstract should be single-spaced (font size 12) and not more than 300
words.
 The first paragraph reflects the introduction, main problem and the proposed
output.
 The 2nd paragraph presents the methodology containing the research design;
number or respondents/subjects/informant; sampling design;research
environment;instrument; treatment of data
 The 3rd paragraph presents the findings and conclusion
 The findings are direct answers to the sub-problems while the conclusion answers the
main problem. Abstract may or may not includethe recommendations (optional)

Organic farming in the Philippines is taking a toll in establishing its sustainability in

the market due to varying factors. This study intends to ascertain the factors influencing
the adoption of organic farming in the Visayas and its accompanying challenges with the
end view of formulating an empowerment development model for farmers.
The study utilized the qualitative research method… (EDIT. This is just a sample)
with the use of researcher-made questionnaire as the main instrument in data gathering.
Both quantitative and qualitative data was used in ascertaining the factors that influenced
the adoption of organic farming in Visayas. There were thirty-five (35) respondents who
were the farmers from the selected organic farms in Visayas, both in Region VI-Western
Visayas and Region VII-Central Visayas. These farms are accredited by a third-party
accrediting body of the Department of Agriculture. Convenience sampling technique was
used where the participants were selected based on their availability and their willingness
to take part of the study. There were ten participants who were interviewed. The main
instrument used in gathering the data was research-designed and had undergone content
validation and pilot testing to ascertain their functionality and reliability. For data
analysis weighted mean, chi-square test of independence and One-Way ANOVA.
Land size, soil quality, farmer’s level of education and labor demand techniques
influenced the farmers in adopting organic farming at a moderate extent. The organic
farmers moderately practiced soil management, weed control techniques, crop
diversification, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting. There is a significant relationship
between the type of respondents and the extent of influence of land-size to the farmers
toward adopting organic farming and there is also another significant relationship
between cooperative membership of the respondents and the extent of influence of labor
demand techniques towards the farmer’s decision to engage in organic farming.
However, there is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and
the farming practices they employed in their organic farming activity. There is no
significant difference between the responses of the respondents on the extent of influence
of the factors like land-size, soil quality, farmer’s level of education and labor demand
techniques to the farmers in their inclination to adopt organic farming and the organic
farming practice that used in their organic farming by activity. Despite of a good market
opportunity of organic farming, there was just a gradual conversion of the farmers from
organic farming to conventional farming even though the country is doing some
initiatives to push for the sustainability of organic farming industry. Likewise, the
growing demand for organic produce in the market the farmers in Region VI and VII
have shown hesitation towards full adoption and had not applied the ideal farming
practices at a maximum level to ensure that their activity addresses the vulnerability of
the environment vis-a-vis fulfilling it commitment to provide health crops to the
consumers.

Keywords: Agriculture economics, organic farming, soil management, weed control

techniques, crop diversification, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting, multi-method,
Visayas, Philippines
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Note: A striking statement or a general knowledge about the topic, gives the overview of
the chosen study/topic
 Explain the reason for choosing the research topic
 Discussion on what has been done before and how the study differs.
 Present the gap in the literature
 Present statistics or prevailing situationer (global, national, &local scope)
 Justification on the necessity to conduct the study/investigation

Rationale of the Study

 People travel from one place to another, which brings a lot of opportunities to be

engaged in different leisure activities, to discover new skills and a chance to embrace

diversity …….(Yuan et al., 2015).

Roberts (2015) added that employment is also a growing resiliency in most leisure

industries since it was …..

Tourist misbehavior and bad propensities, for instance smoking in non-smoking

areas, hopping the line, …….. (Huang et al., 2010).

Sotiriadis and Varvaressos (2015) discussed that globally, the intensive

competition in the global arena of tourism industry, the mass tourism orientation…

Therefore, with the ongoing influx of tourists in Cebu, there were also lots of

reported problems related to the misbehavior exhibited by tourists from other places and

even other countries that destroy the wellbeing of the community and the natural beauty

of tourist attractions calls for an effort to conduct a study aims determine the competitive

position, issues and challenges in the leisure tourism sector in the Southern part of Cebu,

Philippines to be able to address the myriad of tourism issues for future generation as

well as the end view of crafting policy recommendations to enhance the industry’s

performance and sustainability.

Atheoretical Stance

In the light of conducting a qualitative study, there is a temporary suspension of a

priori assumptions. As a consequence of preventing subjectivities, the study will also

involve a suspension of literature review. However, in the course of conducting data

analysis and interpretation, the related theories and literature shall be extensively used.

Lastly, the identification of the theory will be done after data collection and analysis.
Philosophical Stance

The philosophy behind this study is anchored on interpretevism. This research

philosophy involves the researcher to interpret elements of the study, thus interpretivism

integrates human interest into this study. Accordingly, interpretive researches assume that

access to reality (given or socially constructed) is only through social constructions such

as language, consciousness, behaviors, experiences, shared meanings, and instruments.

Interpretivism is associated with the philosophical position of idealism, and is

used to group together diverse approaches, including social constructivism,

phenomenology and hermeneutics; approaches that reject the objectivist view that

meaning resides within the world independently of consciousness. According to

interpretivist approach, it is important for the researcher as a social actor to appreciate

differences between people and their experiences. Moreover, interpretivism studies

usually focus on meaning and may employ multiple methods in order to reflect different

aspects of the issue.

And then discuss how the following Philosophical assumptions are manifested in this

research:
For example:

As this study looks at the lived experiences of the locals in the tourism of

Bantayan Island and its impacts to the ecology and socio-economic development, one

philosophical assumption of interpretevism in this study is ontogical in nature – that is,

reality is subjective and multiple as seen by the informants in the study. The reseachers

use quotes and themes in words of the informants and provides evidence of different

perspectives.

In the process of conducting this research, the researchers immerse in the actual

research environment in order to receive first-hand information and insights to shed light

on the relationship between the different variables of the study. The researchers take on

the challenging task of experiencing what the informants are actually experiencing in
order to derive a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon being studied. Hence,

the philosophical assumption being derived is epistemological.

Another equally imperative aspect of this study is axiological in nature, which

delves on the role of values for both the researchers and the key informants of the study.

The values exemplified by the researchers and the key informants are both imperative in

deciphering the meaning of different interpretations both in the context of the

researchers’ perspectives and the key informants’ perspective. Such values are, in one

way or the other, may affect how the researcher or the key informants perceive things in

the light of understanding the unique role that they play in the community-based tourism

activities in Olango Island.

The language being utilized in this study is also of paramount importance in

consideration also of the fact that the researchers and the key informants come from

different walks of life and varies in the level of their nature and nurture more specifically

in their level of education and exposure to different language. In order to derive a

common understanding of the subject matter, the researchers use an engaging style of

narrative and write in a literary, informal style using the personal voice and use

qualitative terms and limited definitions. As such, this idea takes on the rhetorical

philosophical assumption.

Finally, in terms of the methodological assumption, as this study primarily looks

at the lived experiences of the key informants, the researchers narrow down the data from

general to the very specific points in order to tailor-fit the data to the objectives of this

study. Consequently, because the raw and contextual data are summarized into condensed
form, the a priori principle is being employed which ultimately derives an emergent

theory from evidences.

THE PROBLEM (Separate page)

 Note: State the main and specific problems

 State the possibility for a significant difference and/or significant relationship

among variables

Statement of the Problem (for quantitative studies) or

Objectives of the Study (for experimental studies)

Domains of Inquiry (for qualitative studies)

 This study was conducted to analyze the competitive position, issues

and challenges of the leisure tourism sector in the Southern part of Cebu,

Philippines, C.Y. 2020 with the end view of proposing a leisure tourism

enterprise competitiveness plan to enhance the industry’s performance and

sustainability.

In order to address the research aim, the following sub-problems are

taken into consideration:

1. What is the degree of competitiveness of the leisure tourism

industry in Southern Cebu, Philippines based on the assessment of the

primary stakeholders (domestic and international tourists, travel agents, tour

guides, leisure tourism operators, employees and entrepreneurs in leisure

tourism) and secondary stakeholders (local residents, local government unit

(LGU) officials, and local tourism organization) in terms of:

1.1. policy rules and regulations;

1.2. safety and security;

1.3. environmental sustainability;

1.4. health and hygiene;

1.5. air transport infrastructure;

1.6. ground transport infrastructure;

1.7. water transport infrastructure; and

 1.8. price?

2. Is there are significant relationship between the type of

respondents and their perceptions on the degree of competitiveness of the

leisure tourism industry?

3. Is there a significant difference between the perceptions of the

primary and secondary stakeholders on the degree of competitiveness of the

leisure tourism industry?

4. In the light of the findings of the study, what leisure tourism

enterprise competitiveness development plan be formulated and

implemented to improve the overall performance of the industry?

Statement of Null Hypothesis

At 0.05 level of significant the following are tested:

Hø1: There is no significant relationship between …….

Significance of the Study

Note: Explains who will benefit out of the conduct of this study and how they will
benefit/gain
 Discusses the value of the study to individual, groups, institutions and to the
discipline

The outcome of the study will be beneficial to the following

stakeholders:

Department of Tourism. The Department of Tourism (DOT), being

the primary government agency tasked …..

 Local Government Units (LGUs) in Cebu Province. This study will

provide information towards the officials…..

Leisure-Tourism Stakeholders. The result of the study provides

awareness to the stakeholders of….

Researchers. This study will be beneficial to the researcher in terms

of appreciating the value of ……..

Future Researchers. This undertaking will also be helpful to the

future researchers to make follow-up studies on whether the proposed leisure

tourism structural ………

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (separate page)

Note:
 This introductory paragraph that specifies and justifies the type of research used/
Discuss the research design in relation to the main problem
 The research process or flow of research may be presented here in a schematic
diagram.
 Discuss the research design in relation to the main problem

Research Design

This study utilizes ________________ research design in determining

the ……….
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Indicate the type of research

(Indicate the variables as design & tool  Indicate the proposed
indicated in the problem
output
statement)  Research
 Degree of
Design Proposed Leisure
competitiveness  Data Tourism Structural
 Prevailing Gathering Policies
crucial issues  Data
Processing
 Analysis and
Interpretation
of Data

Figure 1
Research Flow Process

Research Environment (describes the setting of the study)

 Describes the locale/venue of the research
 Includes the map (if necessary) and place in the appendix

This study was conducted at ____________________. It

is .........................(Refer to Appendix D-Location Map).

Research Subjects/Respondents/Informants/Participants

Note: Describes the total population , sampling tehcnique used, sampling size determination, and
characteristics of the sample
 Use the term research subjects if its experimental study
 Use the term research respondents if they are answering a tool
 Use the term research informants if they are interviewed
 Use the term participants if they are subjects and respondents in the study
 Explains the sampling procedure being used
 Specifies the number of respondents involved which may be presented in a table
 Describes the type and characteristics of the respondents
 The participants of this study were the primary stakeholders who

directly benefit from the leisure tourism industry and the secondary

stakeholders who indirectly gained advantages from the said industry.

Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
Stakeholder
Respondent Types Frequency Percentage
Types
Primary Business 19 10.00
LGU Representatives 14 7.37
Local Residents 79 41.58
Local Tourism Organizations
12 6.32
Secondary Stakeholders
Tour Guides 12 6.32
Tourists 49 25.79
Travel Agents 5 2.63
Total 190 100.00

Research Instrument

 Describes the tool/questionnaire/ interview guide being utilized

 Mentions the research instrument (s) tools for gathering data
 Describes the type and characteristics of the respondents

The instrument used in this study was a researcher-designed

questionnaire …..

Dry-Run Procedure/Content Validation

 Discuss how will the pilot testing be conducted, who are the
respondents/participants, how many and the procedure in the administration of
the questionnaire/interview.
 Ensure that the respondents/participants in dry-run will not be included in the
gathering of data/administration of the survey tool

Research Procedures

Note: For the gathering of data, discuss step by step how data was gathered starting
gathered starting from the approval of the study by the institution until the retrieval of the
instrument from respondents.
 Gathering of Data/Data Collection

 For the treatment of data/data analysis, enumerate and describe the statistical
tools used. No need to show formula.
 State if the data were manually computed or used a statistical software.
 For qualitative data, describe how the answers or informants/participants during
the interview were collapsed into themes.

Treatment of Data. The following statistical analysis was applied in this

investigation:

Ethical Considerations

 Discuss the procedure being followed in the conduct of the study in

adherence/compliance to the ethical principles of beneficence, non-malifecence,
justice, confidentiality, voluntarism, & data privacy.

The participation of respondents in the study was entirely voluntary and

they have the have right to withdraw

Trustworthiness of the Research

 Discuss how credible and reliable are the data and procedure used in the
study

To establish credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability

of the research, the researcher used triangulation and member

 DEFINITION OF TERMS (Separate page)

Notes:
 Alphabetically arranged the concepts, keywords and terms used in the study or
taken from the title, main problem and specific problems
 Operationally defined or how terms were used in the study
 Taken from the title, main problem and specific problems

Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure Tourism Industry. These

words refer to the state of competitiveness….

CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
(Separate Page)
 This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets data gathered from the

leisure tourism primary stakeholders and local tourism organizations) in the

Southern part of Cebu, Philippines. The data are presented in a tabular form

with corresponding analysis and interpretation with their implications.

Presentation and Analysis of Data

This chapter contains four parts. The first (1st) part reveals the degree

of competitiveness of the leisure tourism……

Part I. Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure Tourism Industry

This section shows the data pertaining to the assessment of leisure

tourism stakeholders on the degree of competitiveness of the leisure

tourism…..

Table 2
Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure Tourism Industry
as to Policy Rules and Regulations
Primary Secondary
Overall
Stakeholders Stakeholders
(N = 190)
Indicators (n = 85) (n = 105)
Mea Description Mean Description Mean Description
n
1. There is a 3.22 Moderately 3.25 Highly 3.24 Moderately
comprehensive tourism Competitive Competitive Competitive
management plan and
policies that are strictly
implemented.
2. There is no exemption 3.16 Moderately 3.05 Moderately 3.10 Moderately
in implementing the Competitive Competitive Competitive
sanctions or penalties to
the offenders or to
anyone who violates any
 rules of the tourism
policy.
3. Tourism policy contains 3.33 Highly 3.29 Highly 3.31 Highly
guidelines, rules, Competitive Competitive Competitive
regulations, orders,
advancements or
development targets and
procedures for long-
term improvement of the
local tourism industry.
4. The tourism policies, 3.20 Moderately 3.19 Moderately 3.19 Moderately
rules and regulations are Competitive Competitive Competitive
future-oriented in order
to anticipate changes
that are likely to occur
in the future.
5. The tourism 3.18 Moderately 3.29 Highly 3.24 Moderately
stakeholders are free to Competitive Competitive Competitive
express their
suggestions and ideas
for the improvement of
tourism policy.
Aggregate Mean 3.22 Moderately 3.21 Moderately 3.22 Moderately
Competitive Competitiv Competitive
e

The highest mean of 3.31 signifies that both the primary and the

secondary stakeholders assess…. This result denotes that…

On the other hand, the lowest mean of 3.10 shows that both groups of

respondents assessed the absence…… This result indicates that…

The aggregate mean of 3.22 shows that the two groups of participants

in this study assess….. This data reveals that the guiding principles in doing

various leisure tourism undertakings….

Results on the Test of Significant Relationship Between the Types of

Respondents and their Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure
Tourism Industry
 This part uncovers the results of the test of significant relationship

between the types of respondents…

Computed Critical
Variables df Significance Result
Chi-Square Value
I. Stakeholder Types and
Policy Rules and Regulations 4.773 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Safety and Security 4.790 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Environmental Sustainability 0.537 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Health and Hygiene 5.889 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Air Transport Infrastructure 3.943 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Ground Transport 1.163 3 Not Significant Ho Accepted
7.815
Infrastructure
Water Transport Infrastructure 7.448 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Price 0.421 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted

The result shows that there is no significant relationship between the

types of respondents and….. This result means that….

CHAPTER 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY (separate page)

  Present here the statement in the study as shown in Chapter 1

The main purpose of this study was to determine the competitive

position, issues and challenges of the leisure tourism sector in the Southern

part of Cebu, Philippines.

 Present a summary of the research methodology

This study applied the multi-research method with the use of

researcher-designed survey tool to gather data ……..

FINDINGS

 Present the salient/important/summarized data of the findings

The following are the findings of the study:

1. Both the primary and secondary stakeholders assessed the leisure

tourism industry in Southern Cebu, Philippines as moderately competitive in

the aspects of policy rules and regulations, safety ……..

2. There are common crucial issues confronted….

CONCLUSIONS

 Discuss the conclusion of the study by addressing/addressing the main problem of

the study.
Drawing from the findings of the study the leisure tourism industry in

the Southern strip of Cebu Province was competitive in terms only of the

existence of the means of air transpiration and environmental sustainability

despite on the challenges in keeping the surrounding…….

RECOMMENDATIONS
 On the basis of the aforementioned conclusions, the following is

recommended:

That the proposed structural policies may be applied by the regulating

bodies as part of improving the…

PROPOSED OUTPUT (Separate page)

 Present the proposed output of the study

Proposed Leisure Tourism Enterprise Competitiveness

Development Plan

REFERENCES (Separate page)

 Follow the APA 6th edition format

 Copyright of the reference materials should be 2000 to present
 At least 30 sources from books, journals and other sources
 List down alphabetically with the following sub-headings:

Books

Benito, A., & Alonso, G. (2018). Energy efficiency in air transportation.

United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Journals/ Periodicals/Manuals

Alegre, J. & Garau, J. (2010). Tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Annals

of Tourism Research, 37(1), 52-73.

Tiwari, P., Yadav, P., Kumar, S., Mishara, B. K., Nguyen, G. N., Gochhayat,
S. P., Singh, J., & Prasad, M. (2019). Sentiment analysis for airlines
services based on twitter data set. Social Network Analytics
Computation Research Methods and Techniques, 149-162.

Online/Internet Sources
Crotti, R. & Misrahi, T. (2015). The travel & tourism competitiveness index
2015: T&T as a resilient contribution to national development. The
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report, 13. Retrieved May 20,
2020 from https://bit.ly/2WSrNqL.

Mammadov, R. (2012). The importance of transportation in tourism sector.

Paper Presented at the 7th Silk Road International Conference for
Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainable Economic Development
in Eurasian Countries. Retrieved April 8, 2020 from
https://bit.ly/3noEaGq.

Unpublished Materials

Kavunkil-Haneef, S. (2017). A model to explore the impact of tourism

Infrastructure on destination image for effective tourism marketing.
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Salford, USA).

Other Sources

Sabtu, N., Hasan, M. A. & Sahari, N. H. (2018). Formulating Sharia’h

compliant ethical code for tourists in Malaysia. In Proceedings of the
3rd International Halal Conference (INHAC 2016), pp. 139-151).
Singapore: Springer.

APPENDICES (Separate page)

 Place each document in a separate page

 A for transmittal letter (to persons and institutions).
 B for tool/interview guide.
 C is map or research environment.
 D is for others (e.g. MOA)

APPENDIX

A Transmittal Letter

B Informed Consent
 C Survey Questionnaire

D Pilot Testing Result-Cronbach’s Alpha

E Location Map

CURRICULUM VITAE (Separate Page)

 Contains the educational attainment (highlights highest educational attainment).

 Work data if applicable
 Personal data or profile
 With 2x3 picture on the right upper hand corner; may be scanned
 Contact information like email address, home address and mobile numbers

Other Instructions:

1. Please prepare 5 copies of the manuscript/research during the final defense and
fasten each copy in a short folder or send a soft copy to your research
instructor/Program Research Coordinator if face–to-face hearing/oral defense is
not possible.

2. Submit the copy of the manuscript to the panelists at least 1 week before the
hearing/defense date. This will give them enough time to evaluate and make
comments to the research output.

3. Respect the chain of command. Research Instructor will evaluate first. Then have
the research manuscript undergo Grammarly, then the panel members, and then
the chairman of the panel. Next will be the dean of the department.