PRACTICALBOARD TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP (WTE355)

(WOOD PARTICLE BOARD LAB REPORT)

PREPARED BY

NAME: NUR MAZIAH ATIQAH BINTI JAINI

UiTM STUDENT NUMBER : 2018640674
FACULTY AND PROGRAMME : APPLIED SCIENCE (WOOD INDUSTRY)
SEMESTER: 5
PREPARED FOR

LECTURER’S NAME
MADAM NORSHAHILLAWATI AZURA

SUBMISSION DATE
4 FEBRUARY 2021
1.ABSTRACT

Since most of the previous studies done are by making use of fibers, the present work
focuses on finding the properties of the board without the use of fibers . The physical and
mechanical properties of these boards are then determined by using a series of tests like
moisture content test, water absorption properties, thickness swelling, tensile test,
compressive test and flexural strength. The results are then compared and most of the
samples are found to comply with the IS standards.

2.INTORDUCTION

Particleboard originated in Germany. It was first produced in 1887, when Hubbard made so-
called "artificial wood" from wood flour and an adhesive based on albumin, which was
consolidated under high temperature and pressure. Although the use of two or three layers
of wood veneer is ancient, modern 4-by-8-foot (1.2 m × 2.4 m) sheets of plywood with 5–11
core layers of veneer were invented in the early 20th century, and began to become
common by the Second World War. During the war phenolic resin was more readily
accessible than top-grade wood veneer in Germany, and Luftwaffe pilot played a role in
making the first sheets of particleboard, which were little more than pour of floor sweepings,
wood chips, and ground-up off-cuts and glue. The first commercial piece was produced
during the Second World War at a factory in Bremen, Germany. For its production, waste
material was used, such as planer shavings, off-cuts or sawdust, hammer-milled into chips
and bound together with a phenolic resin. Hammer-milling involves smashing material into
smaller and smaller pieces until they can pass through a screen. The objective of this study
is to use municipal dry waste, plant waste and saw dust collected from various sources to
make particle boards with each individual item as well as a combination of these in various
ratios.

3.METHODS AND MATERIALS

MACHINES: Cold press & hot press
MATERIALS: Wood particle, phenol formaldehyde
METHODS:

Target Density () = 550 kgm-3 or 0.550 gcm-3

Volume of mould = 34.0 cm × 34.0 cm × 12.0 mm

Density () = Mass (m) /Volume (v)

Mass (m) = Density () × Volume (v)

= 0.550 gcm-3 × 34.0 cm × 34.0 cm × 1.2 cm
= 763 g
Resin (Example: Urea formaldehyde (UF)
Resin content =10%
Solid content resin (SC) = 65%

Amount of liquid resin require = Resin content (RC) × Mass (M)

Solid content (SC)
= 10% × Mass (M)
65%
= 117.385 g
Dry resin weight = Amount of liquid resin × Solid content (SC) resin
= 117.385 g × 65%
= 76.30 g

Hardener (NH4Cl)
Hardener content (C) = 3%
Solid content hardener (S) = 20%
Amount of liquid hardener require = Hardener content (C) × Amount of
liquid resin Solid content hardener (S)
= 3% × 117.385 g
20%
= 17.608 g

Dry hardener weight = Amount of liquid hardener × Solid content hardener

(S)
= 17.608 g × 20%
= 3.52 g
Wood
Wood dry weight = (Weight of dry particleboard) – (Weight of dry resin) – (Weight of dry
hardener) *no H2O present = 763 g – 76.3 g – 3.52 g
= 683.18 g
Notes:
Particeboard = Wood + Resin + Hardener
H2O + (wood + wax) + (resin + hardener) = Moisture content (MC)

Dry weight/g H2O Air dry Additional Total/g (c) +

(a) weight/g (b weight/g (a) 5%/g 5% × (d) = (e)
+ (b) = (c) (c) = (d)
Wood 683.18 3% × 683.18 703.68 5% × 703.68 738.864
= 20.5 = 35.184

Resin 65% × 35% × 117.385 5% × 123.254

117.385= 117.385= 117.385=
76.30 41.085 5.869
Hardener 20% × 80% × 17.608 5% × 18.488
17.608= 3.52 17.608= 17.608= 0.88
14.088
Wax - - - - -

Total 763 75.673

H2O 91.56 –
needed/added 75.673 =
15.887

Moisture content (MC) in raw particleboard system = 12%

Actual H2O present = Total dry weight (M) × 12%
= 763 g × 12%
= 91.56 g
Total H2O needed/ added = Actual H2O present – Total H2O already present
= 91.56 – 75.673
= 15.887 g

4.PROCEDURE
Manufacture of particle board
1. Put the wood particle into the wood machine mixture
2. Put the resin, which is Phenol formaldehyde from the resin tunnel
3. Mix the wood particle and the resin in 10 minutes
4. While waiting, prepare the metal plate and the mould.
5. Make sure the metal plate clean and spray with the spray agent.
6. After 10 minutes, the mixture transfer to the metal plate and mould wood size
34cmx34cmx12.0mm
7. The, transfer the mould forming to cold press for 2 minutes
8. Take out the mould wood and put the thickness bar (1.2cm) at the right and left of
metal plate.
9. Last, put it to hot press for cure the resin with 175C and wait until the hot press
settled

Water absorption & thickness swelling

1. Fill up the water in the basin
2. Put the blocks of particle board with size (50mmx50mm)
3. Then, make sure the sample are not floating so put the wire mesh
4. After 24 hours, wipe the sample with tissues and measure the sample

i) Water absorbtion = WA2-WA1 x 100

WA1
ii) Thickness swelling = TS2-TS1 X 100
TS1

Bending test
1. Use 320mmx50mm
2. Then put to the Universal Testing Machine, here the machine will test the bending of
the particleboard
3. When the graph on monitor from high to drop, it means it will done for bend.

Internal bonding

1. Prepare pair of wooden block.

2. Before put the sample particleboard with size 50mmx50mm between the wooden
block in the Universal Testing Machine, glue the sample use exposy for 24 hours.
3. Then, let the machine test the internal bonding of the sample.

5.RESULT
 CUTTING PLAN-FOR TESTING (WOOD CEMENT BOARD)

Testing Dimension (mm)

MOR & MOE 320 × 50
Density 100 × 100
Thickness swelling (TS)/water absorption(WA) 50 × 50
Internal bonding (IB) 50 × 50

Thickness swelling Water absorption

 SAMPL NO. Mass (g) Thickness (mm)
E
BEFORE AFTER TS (%) BEFORE AFTER WA (%)
(T1) (T2) (W1) (W2)
0.5MM 1 17.61 34.55 96.20 12.33 14.564 26.23
2 18.1 34.44 90.28 12.36 14.757 19.39
3 19.41 36.42 87.64 12.24 14.905 21.77
4 18.7 34.8 86.10 12.38 14.68 18.58
5 18.76 35.85 91.10 12.37 15.168 22.62
6 19.16 36.09 88.36 12.49 14.771 18.26

1.0MM 1 17.5 34.35 96.29 12.45 14.575 17.07

2 19.08 35.89 88.1 12.55 15.27 21.67
3 19.45 36.15 85.9 12.63 14.923 18.16
4 20.22 36.83 82.1 12.43 14.839 19.38
5 19.2 36.35 89.3 12.24 14.827 21.14
6 17.96 34.61 92.7 12.49 14.711 12.78

2.0MM 1 17.11 34.52 101.8 12.68 14.668 15.68

2 19.88 36.29 82.55 12.39 15.704 26.75
3 20.19 37.81 87.27 12.51 15.768 26.04
4 18.67 35.36 8.39 12.26 15.204 24.01
5 17.38 36.01 107.19 12.61 14.574 23.51
6 15.83 32.78 107.10 12.78 14.68 14.87

DATA FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD

Table 5.1
 MOR MOE IB

0.5MM 23.82 2424.26 0.615

0.5MM 18.83 3064.27 1.424
0.5MM 58.36 4154.45 1.384
0.5MM 31.97 3936.90 1.967
0.5MM 39.93 4269.94 1.336
0.5MM 68.52 3305.85 1.031
1.0MM 67.98 3452.64 0.19
1.0MM 68.10 3449.40 0.589
1.0MM 55.83 4850.90 0.487
1.0MM 60.02 5318.10 0.619
1.0MM 114.07 6736.86 1.213
1.0MM 81.40 5963.75 0.098
2.0MM 101.08 4024.52 0.136
2.0MM 89.65 3941.18 0.613
2.0MM 63.63 2289.66 1.833
2.0MM 69.69 4845.14 0.73
2.0MM 88.95 6604.11 0.672
2.0MM 100.13 6573.20 1.814
Table 5.2

• MOE = MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

• MOR = MODULUS OF RUPTURE
• IB = INTERNAL BONDING
6.DISCUSSION

Thickness and sweeling

110
108
Average of mass of Thickness swelling

106
104
102
100
98
96
94
92
90
0.5mm 1.0mm 2.0mm
Size wood particle

Figure 6.1

Water absorption
30

25
Average of thickness (mm)

20

15

10

0
0.5mm 1.0mm 2.0mm
Size of wood particle

Figure 6.2
 Graph show mean of MOR particleboard
120

100

80
Average (Mpa)

60

40

20

0
0.5mm 1.0mm 2.0mm
Size wood of particle

Figure 6.3

Graph show mean of MOE particleboard

8000

7000

6000

5000
Average (Mpa)

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0.5mm 1.0mm 2.0mm
Size wood of particle

Figure 6.4
 Graph show mean of IB particleboard
2.5

2
Average (Mpa)

1.5

0.5

0
0.5mm 1.0mm 2.0mm

Size wood of particle

Figure
6.5

7.CONCLUSION
Particleboard may absorb water from the air surrounding and become swelling because
wood is a hydroscopic. At least in the particleboard manufacturing process and in anything
that is out of sight, surrounding moisture may also affect.

References
Harshavardha, A. (2017). PAPER • OPEN ACCESS. Retrieved from IOP Conference Series:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/263/3/032005/pdf