XYZ PUBLIC SCHOOL

Block No: 11, Shanthi Nagar, 2nd Lane, Sembium,(Perambur), Chennai, Tamil Nadu -600011

(Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi, No: 1930658)

Academic Session: 2022 -2023

AISSCE CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Topic: To Study the Preparation of Ink

Submitted by:
Class & Sec: XII
Reg. No: ________________________
Submitted to:
Mrs. V. Sudha Priya
PGT in Chemistry
KRM Public School, Perambur, Chennai-11
 XYZ PUBLIC SCHOOL
Block No: 11, Shanthi Nagar, 2nd Lane, Sembium, (Perambur), Chennai, Tamil Nadu -600011

(Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi, No: 1930658)

Certificate
This is to certify that J. Hasan Dhanish of Class XII-E has
successfully completed this “Chemistry investigatory project, To
study the preparation methods of the ink.” Under my guidance
and supervision in the academic year 2022-2023 as per the
guidelines prescribed by the CBSE under the AISSCE course in
the laboratory of this school.

Signature of the Internal Signature of the External

Examiner Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully,

many people have best owned upon me their blessings
and the heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to
thank all the people who have been concerned with this
project.
Primarily I would thank the almighty for being able to
complete this project with success.
Then I would like to thank Management Principal Mr.
D.P Sivasakthi Balan and Chemistry teacher Mrs. V.
Sudha Priya, for their support to complete this project.
 To Study the
Preparation of Ink

This project throws a light on types of inks from manufacturing point

of view and includes method for preparing them either in chemistry
laboratory or at home.
 INDEX
 Theory
 History
 Aniline Ink
 Gallo-tannic Ink
 Uses
 How to prepare ink at home
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
 Theory

What is Ink?
Ink is a liquid or paste
that contains pigments
and / or dyes and is used
to colour a surface to
produce an image, text,
or design. Ink is used for
drawing and / or writing with a pen, brush, or quill. Thicker inks,
in paste form, are used extensively in letter press and
lithographic printing. Ink is an essential item for students,
teachers, authors and others. Ink was first, used by the
Egyptians around 4000 years ago.

Ink formulas vary, but commonly involve three components:

1) Colorants:
A colourant/colour additive is a substance that is added
or applied in order to change the colour of a material or
surface.
2) Vehicles (binders):
The ink vehicle is the fluid part of the ink that, as its
name implies, transports the pigment onto the substrate.
 The type of vehicle to be used in a particular ink is
dependent upon the type of drying system utilized.

3) Additives:

Additives are used to improve the printability oh inks.

They lower the ink surface tension and provide greater
latitude in ink’s performance.

____________________________________________________

History:

The history of Chinese inks can be traced back to the 12 th

century BC, with the utilization of natural plant (plant dyes),
animal (squid ink), and mineral ink based on such materials as
graphite that were ground with water and applied with ink
brushes. About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was
created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron salts, such as
ferrous sulphate (made by treating iron with sulfuric acid), were
mixed with tannin from gallnuts (they grow on trees) and a
thickener. When first put to paper, this ink is bluish-black. Over
time it fades to a dull brown.

____________________________________________________
Let us look at 2 inks and their preparation:
 Aniline ink
 Gallo-tannik ink

ANILINE INK
What is Aniline ink?
A fast-drying printing ink that is a solution of a coal-tar dye in
an organic solvent or a solution of a pigment in an organic
solvent or water.

Preparation of Aniline Ink:

Main Materials:

Blue Black colour - Naphtha blue-black

Blue colour - Acid blue, Methylene blue
Red colour - Scarlet red, Eosin
Black colour - Aniline black
Green colour - Malachite green

Other Materials:

1) Glue:
Gum Arabic (or gum acacia) is dissolved in hot
water and this result in a sticky solution. Mixing of
this in an ink solution helps in many ways:
a) The ink turns bright.
b) The colour of ink does not fade with time.
c) The flow of ink is maintained smooth.
2) Glycerine:
 Sometimes, glycerine is also used in preparing ink.
The mixing of glycerine checks the early drying of ink.
This is mainly used in preparing the stamp pad inks.

3) Alcohol:
Spirit or alcohol is mixed in ink as it helps in:
a) Quick drying of ink
b) The ink does not diffuse on papers after
writing.

4) Boric or Carbolic acids:

The principal constituents of ink are organic in
nature. The breakdown of these materials spoils the
ink and this causes deposition of constituents in
fountain pen of in the ink pot. Incorporation of boric
or carbolic acid to the ink preparation checks this
problem.

5) Scented materials:
The organic decay of ink gives it a foul smell. To
avoid this, scented materials are added during the
preparation of ink.
 Method of preparation of Aniline ink:

1) For preparing a particular-coloured ink, first of all a

2.5%solution of that color in distilled water is made.
2) To this, is added a suitable amount of glue solution.
3) Now the solution is mixed well and heated for 5 minutes.
4) During heating, the contents are constantly agitated.
5) On cooling, the solution is filtered. The process of filtration
is a very important step and is carefully repeated several
times.
6) To this is now, mixed a little amount, each of boric acid or
carbolic acid, alcohol or spirit and scented material.
7) This preparation is filtered again and bottled.
8) If one desires to get a stamp pad ink, then glycerine should
be used in place of alcohol during preparation.

__________________________________________________
 GALLO-TANNIC INK

What is Gallo-tannic Ink?

The Gallo tannic acid was usually
extracted from oak galls or galls of
other trees, hence the name.
Fermentation or hydrolysis of the
extract releases glucose and gallic acid,
which yields a darker purple-black ink,
due to the formation of iron gallate.
The fermented extract was combined with the iron (II)
sulphate.

Preparation of Gallo-Tannic Ink:

The following substances are used in its preparations:
Chief constituents: Following substances are the chief
constituents:
(i) Tannic and Gallic acids are used as chief constituents
to get blue-black ink.
(ii) Ferrous sulphate and hydrochloric acid also help in
providing blue-black color to the ink and check the
growth of fungus.

Other materials:
The other materials used are carbolic acid or boric acid,
gum Arabic or gum acacia, spirit or alcohol, glycerine and
scented material etc. These substances play the same role in
this case as in aniline ink. Basically, it is a mixture of ferrous
 sulphate, tannic acid and Gallic acid; it is, therefore, also
called Iron-gall ink.
__________________________________________________

Methods of Preparation of Gallo-Tannic Ink:

1) Dissolve 250 gm of tannic acid and 80 gm of Gallic acid in

about 5 liters of distilled water.

2) To this solution 250 ml dilute HCl is added.

3) Dissolve in a separate container 300 gm ferrous sulphate,

20 gm carbolic acid about 4 liters of water.

4) In a third container, the desired color is dissolved in a little

water.

5) All the three solutions are mixed together.

6) Also add a little of glue solution, alcohol, scented material,

mix well, filter and keep the filtrate for a few days.

7) Filter once again and store in bottles. The ink is ready for
use.

____________________________________________________
 Uses:

Uses of Aniline Ink:

A general name for a fast drying printing ink. Aniline ink
originally referred to inks prepared from an aniline dye
dissolved in alcohol and bound with a resin. The ink was used
for printing Paper, Cotton, Cellophane, and Polyethylene.

Uses of Gallo-tannic Ink:

Gallo-tannic Ink or Iron gall ink (also known as common ink,
standard ink, oak gall ink or iron gall nut ink) is a purple-black or
brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from
vegetable sources. It was the standard ink formulation used in
Europe for the 1400-year period between the 5th and 19th
centuries, remained in widespread use well into the20th
century, and is still sold today.
 How to prepare ink at Home:

The most popular ink, black permanent ink can be prepared at

home using the following materials:

 1/2 tsp lamp black (This you can buy or make yourself by
holding a plate over a candle and collecting the soot)
 1 egg yolk
 1 tsp gum Arabic
 1/2 cup honey

Mix together the egg yolk, gum Arabic, and honey. Stir in the
lamp black. This will produce a thick paste that you can store in
a sealed container. To use the ink, mix this paste with a small
amount of water to achieve the desired consistency. Applying a
small amount of heat may improve the consistency of the
solution, but be careful—too much heat will make the ink
difficult to write with.
 Conclusion

Inks are a history changing discovery, its true because the so-
called history is written by a whole set of inks which changed
and improved over the years. The preparation of inks is a main
stream industry for a long time, and studying this made us
realise that this field is a expensive one due to the use of so
many chemicals and materials.
 Bibliography:

 https://visual.ly/community/Infographics/history/history-ink
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_gall_ink
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/aniline-ink
 https://www.thoughtco.com/easy-ink-recipes-3975972