CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
AIM: “PREPARATION OF INK”

MANNAT BHAGAT
XI-B
13122
 INDEX
Acknowledgement 2
Certificate 3
Aim 4
Apparatus 5
Introduction 6
Theory 7
Uses of ink 8
Classification of ink 9
Procedure 10
Effects of ink 15
Result 12
Conclusion 13
Bibliography 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of my project depends on the
cooperation, coordination and combined efforts
of rendered sources of time, material, knowledge,
and energy. Hence I felt proud in taking this
opportunity to thank and acknowledge the efforts
of all those people who directly or indirectly helps
in successful completion of this project of mine ,a deep
sense of obligation and gratitude is owned toward my
chemistry teacher Mrs. Himani Handa Who was the
guiding spirit behind the completion of this project and
encouraged me whole heartedly during my venture. I
would also like to thank our chemistry lab assistant in
carrying out the related practical work. I would also
thank my family for cooperation with me and guiding
me right path . I am grateful to my classmates and
friends for their unconditional support and motivation
during this major project.
It is a great opportunity for me to extend my hardiest
felt gratitude to each and everyone who helped me
throughout the course of this major project in anyway.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the matter and ideas for this
project has been gathered independently by my
student ,Mannat bhagat of class XI-B Lancer’s
Convent School,and is presented under my
supervision.
• This is also to clarify that this major chemistry
project entitled “ PREPARATION OF INK “ an
authenticated record of the student’s own
work carried out by him under my guidance
and supervision.
• This is also to clarify that this project has not
been submitted to any other institute of
education.

Mrs. Himani Handa

Chemistry Teacher
Chemistry Department
Lancer’s Convent Senior Secondary school
Teacher’s Sign.
 AIM:

• PREPARATION OF INK
 APPARATUS
• Glue
• Glycerine
• Alcohol
• Blue black colour
• Test tubes
• Beaker
• Basic acids

.
 INTRODUCTION
Pen is mightier than sword", so what makes the
pen mightier? Yes it is the Wonderful ink Now a
day's ink is used many times for writing. but don't
know where does it come from or how is it
prepared? So, this project will explain the
manufacturing of types of inks, uses and
properties of Ink. Ink is a liquid or paste that
contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to
colour a surface to produce an image, text, or
design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with
a pen, brush, orquill. Thicker inks, in paste form,
are used extensively in letterpress and
lithographic printing. Ink is an essential item for
students, teachers, authors and others. Ink was
first, used by the Egyptians around 4000 years
ago. India ink was first invented in China, but the
English term ink was coined due to their later
trade with India
 THEORY
The history of inks can be traced back to the 12th
century BC, cave drawings (Ajanta caves) in prehistoric
times would not have been possible without a dye or
pigment base. The first dyes and pigments were made
out of plants and minerals such as fruit and vegetable
juices. Ancient inks were also made from animal parts
or excretions from squid and octopus and the blood
from shellfish and mineral offset ink based on such
materials as graphite that were ground with water and
applied with ink brushes. Evidence for the earliest
Chinese inks, similar to modern ink sticks, is around
256 BC in the end of the Warring States Period and
produced using manual labour from soot and animal
glue. About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was
created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron salts,
such as ferrous sulphate (made by treating iron with
sulphuric acid), were mixed with tannin from gallnuts
(they grow on trees) and a thickener. When first put to
paper, this ink is bluish-black. Over time it fades to a
dull brown.
 USES OF INK
Ink is a huge part of our everyday lives. Without it
we wouldn't be able to print money, make road
signs, or mail packages," Ink is used widely in
following aspects.
• Printer Cartridges - Printers use ink-filled
cartridges to add color to paper
• Tattoos-Tattoo artists create tattoos by
placing ink beneath the skin with tiny needles.
• Art-Many art supplies contain ink, including
pens, printing machines. markers, stamp pads
and sometimes paints.
 CLASSIFICATION OF INK

Ink can be broadly classified into two types-

i) On the basis of Manufacturing (Modern times)

ii) On the basis of Uses (Colours)
 PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve 250 gm of tannic acid and 80 gm of
Gallic acid in about 5 liters of distilled water
2. To this solution 250 ml dilute HCI is added.
3. Dissolve in a separate container 300 gm
ferrous sulphate, 20 gm carbolic acid in about
4 liters of water.
4. In a third container, the desired color is
dissolved in a little water.
5. All the three solutions are mixed together
Also add a little of glue solution. alcohol,
scented material, mix well, filter and keep the
filtrate for a few
6. Filter once again and store in bottles.
The ink is ready for use
PREPARATION OF INK AT HOME:

1. Add hot distilled water to the bowl of

lampblack (you can make your own by
completely burning paper or wood) - stop
adding water before you think you should
and if you, accidentally, get too much water,
add more lampblack.
2. Mix until the water is an inky black
(lampblack floats and is difficult to dissolve).
3. Once the water is inky black, add a small
amount of gum Arabic and mix until the gum
has been dissolved in the warm liquid (this
homemade ink should be the same
consistency as commercially prepared ink).
4. tore the ink in a small glass bottle for future
use. A variant of this recipe is, mix together
one egg yolk, one tablespoon gum Arabic and
1/2 cup honey; then stir in 1/2 tablespoon
lampblack, this will produce a thick paste
which you can store in a sealed container.
 5. To use the ink, mix this paste with a small
amount of water to achieve the desired
consistency.

EFFECTS OF INK
Generally speaking, most inks aren't toxic in small
quantities and aren't life threatening. However,
pen ink and other types can be dangerous. The
U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that
some types of tattoo ink can cause allergies in
certain people
Ink are made up of several ingredients, most of
them chemicals that have the potential to be
damaging to you and the environment. Some of
these include ethoxylated acetylenic diols which
modify the surface tension of the water, sulphur;
There are many adverse effects of just throwing
away an old ink or toner cartridge and heavy
metals present will pollute the soil and water
when they reach landfills. Another potential
damaging effect of not properly disposing of ink
cartridges is carcinogenic said, by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer.
 OBSERVATIONS :

An ink's colour is a function of the pigment used,

and an ink's other optical properties are
primarily determined by the pigment
characteristics. An important consideration is
colour matching, or the, ability to precisely
duplicate another colour. Color matching tests
can be done visually under specific lighting
conditions, or utilizing a spectrophotometer and
computer programs that can match a colour
wavelength-by-wavelength. Color matching
charts and ink mixing formulas and procedures
are provided by various companies. As we saw
carlier, inks dry by oxidation, absorption,
polymerization. evaporation, precipitation, or
any combination thereof. The suitability of an
ink's drying mechanism with a particular
substrate and printing process is important in
preventing problems such as ink strike-through,
ink setoff, and ink chalking.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• http://www.kmink.com/eng/html/03_facility/0
2.php
• https://sciencing.com/ink-made-6635280.html
• https://sciencing.com/ink-made-6635280.html
• https://www.nps.gov/articles/ink-activity.html