FlUID MECHANIC

Haolia Rahman PhD

Why mehcanial engineering need to learn fluid
mechanics ?
What is Fluid mechanic ?
 Application
Tank

Proper design Fail design

 Application

Piping

Fail design
Proper design produce disaster
 Application
Wind Tunnel
 Application
Hydraulic system
 Application
Flow analysis using CFD METHOD
 Application
Pump Installation
 Application

Heat Exchanger
 Definition
Fluid is a substance, as a liquid or gas, that is capable
of flowing and changes its shape at a steady rate
when acted upon by a force tending to change its
shape.
“Fluida adalah zat berupa cairan atau gas yang mampu
mengalir dan berubah bentuk ketika ada gaya terhapnya yang
menyesuaikan diri dengan bentuk wadah tempatnya.”
 Definition

Fluid mechanics is a branch of mechanical

engineering that produces fluid behavior in a
stationary and moving situation
“Mekanika fluida merupakan cabang ilmu teknik
mesin yang mempelajari tingkah-laku fluida dalam
keadaan diam dan bergerak”
 A Brief History Of Fluid Mechanics

4000 BCThe ancient Egyptians used

reeds to build what are thought to be
Segment of Pergamon pipeline. Each clay the first sailing boats in the world. The
pipe section was 13 to 18 cm in diameter. reed boats had sails and a mast13 and
were used on the Nile River
 A Brief History of Fluid Mechanics

Osborne Reynolds’ original apparatus for demonstrating the onset of

turbulence in pipes, being operated by John Lienhard at the
University of Manchester in 1975.
14
 A Brief History of Fluid Mechanics

The Wright brothers take flight at Kitty Hawk.

Old and new wind turbine

technologies north of Woodward, OK.
The modern turbines have 1.6 MW
capacities. 15
 Characteristic of Fluid mechanic

1. Fluid statics, the study of the behavior

of stationary fluids (hidrostatik)
“Fluida statis untuk zat cair yang diam”

2. fluid dynamics, the study of the behavior

of moving, or flowing fluids
“Fluida dinamis untuk zat alir yang
bergerak (hidrodynamik)”
 Type of fluid

• Compressible Fluid
Indicator : Variation of Density
Ex. : air, R12, R22, NH3 , and other gases

• Incompressible Fluid
Indicator : Density = constant
Ex. : Water, oil, mud and other liquid
 Internal VS External Flow
• External flow
The flow of an unbounded fluid over a surface such as a plate,
a wire, or a pipe.
• Internal flow
The flow in a pipe or duct if the fluid is completely bounded
by solid surfaces.

External flow
Internal flow 18
 Laminar VS Turbulent flow
Laminar flow:
The highly ordered fluid motion
characterized by smooth layers of
fluid.

Transitional flow:
A flow that alternates between
being laminar and turbulent.

Turbulent flow:
The highly disordered fluid motion
that typically occurs at high
velocities and is characterized by
velocity fluctuations.
19
 Laminar VS Turbulent flow

Turbulent Laminar 20
 Natural VS Force flow

• Natural flow:
Fluid motion is due to natural
means such as the buoyancy
effect, which manifests itself as
the rise of warmer (and thus
lighter) fluid and the fall of
cooler (and thus denser) fluid.

• Forced flow:
A fluid is forced to flow over a
surface or in a pipe by external
means such as a pump or a
fan.
In this schlieren image of a girl in a
swimming suit, the rise of lighter, warmer air
adjacent to her body indicates that humans
and warm-blooded animals are surrounded
by thermal plumes of rising warm21air.
 Exercise

List one of daily activity that show the

phenomena of fluid mechanics below :
1. Compressible VS Incompressible Fluid
2. Natural VS Force flow
3. Laminar VS Turbulent flow
4. Internal VS External Flow
Draw in your notebook