Grade 11 Physics note and quetions

Week 9
Fluid dynamics
• is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that
describes the flow of fluids— liquids and
gases. It has several subdisciplines,includig
i) aerodynamics (the study of air and other
gases in motion) and
ii) hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in
motion). Fluid dynamics
has a wide range of applications, including calculating
forces and moments on determining the aircraft,
mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines.
• Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure
which underlies these practical disciplines—
that embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws
derived from f low measurement and used to
solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid
dynamics problem typically involves the calculation
of various properties of the fluid, such as f low
velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as
functions of space and time.
Bernoulli's principle states that "an increase in
the speed of a fluid occur simultaneously with a
decrease in static pressure or a decrease f luid's
potential energy".

Streamline and turbulent flow

 Stream line:- It is the path, straight or curved, the
tangent at any point to which given the direction of the
flow of liquid at thatpoint.
Tube of
flow:- A tube of flow is a bundle of stream lines having
the same velocity of fluid elements over any cross
section perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Stream line flow:- the flow of the liquid in which
each molecule of the liquid passing through a
point travels along the same path and with the
some velocity as the preceeding molecule passing
through the same Point.
Laminar flow:- the flow of liquid, in which velocity of
the layer varies from maximum at the axis to minimum
for the layer in contact with the wall of the tube is
called laminar flow.
Turbulent flow:- It is the flow of liquid in which a
liquid moves with a velocity greater than its critical
velocity. The motion of the particles of liquid becomes
disorderly or irregular.
Flow rate :-the volume of liquid flowing paste a
given point per unit time.
flow rate =volume/time

Factors affecting laminar flow

there are four properties of air that affect the way
it flows past all object.
i)density iii)temperature
ii) comperssibility iv) viscosity
 Questions
1. Define fluid dynamics?
2. Mention at least three application of
fluid dynamics?
3. State briefly Bernoulli's principle?
4. Define briefly critical velocity ?
5. Explain brifly the difference between streamline
flow and turbulente flow?
6. Mention the factors that affect laminar flow.
7. Give two examples of laminar flow?
8. Identify factors that affect the streamlining of
cars,boats and planes?
9. Water flow through a horizontal pipe line of varying
cross sectional at the rate of 0.2m^3/sec .Calculate
the velocity of water the area of cross sectional
of pipe is 0.02m^2.
answer 10m/s
10. A cylinder of height 20m is completely filled with
water .Find the efflux water in m/s throug a small
hole on the side wall of the cylinder near its bottom.
(take g=10m/s^2) answer 20m/s

Prepared by Habtimer Ayele

Last modified: 3:22 pm