EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

NAME: CHRISTINE S. CASTILLEJO

SECTION: 11 – ACCEPTANCE
TOPIC: GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
ACTIVITY #1 : 100 pts.
DIRECTION: Answer the following questions. You can answer with the minimum of 40 words for each
question.
1. How do physical and chemical weatherings occur?
ANSWER: When a rock is fractured by the force of another substance on it, such as ice, rushing water,
wind, fast heating/cooling, or plant growth, it is called physical weathering. for chemical weatherings it
occurs when chemical processes dissolve or decompose rocks. It is the process of breaking down and
chemically altering rocks.
2. What are the beneficial and harmful effects of soil erosion?
ANSWER: Soil erosion is beneficial because it helped to remove any unwanted materials from the soil,
such as rotting tree waste or nutrient-deficient topsoil. The nutrient-rich soil that has been replenished
can often assist plant life thrive. Soil erosion also has a harmful effect because it lowers soil fertility,
which in turn lowers agricultural production. It also transports soil-laden water downstream, which can
cause thick layers of sediment to build up, obstructing the flow of streams and rivers, which
subsequently results in flooding.
3. How does mass wasting occur?
ANSWER: When a slope becomes too steep to stay stable with the materials and conditions available,
mass wasting takes place. During a mass-wasting event, loose rock and soil, referred to as regolith,
typically move. this also often occurs due to undercutting of mountain base. These events may takes
place rapidly and move as a flow intense rainfall.
4. How are magmas formed?
ANSWER: All igneous rocks are generated from magma, which is a molten or semi-molten natural
substance. Magma formed when rocks is melting in the earth lithosphere. Lithosphere is made of the
earth’s crust and upper mantle or what we called outermost shell of the earth. It is made up of
whichever elements were present in the minerals found in the source rocks.
5. Where does the earth’s internal heat come from and how it is produced?
ANSWER: The first source of internal heat is from when the planet formed and accreted, and it has not
yet been lost. The second source of heat is frictional heating, which is caused by denser core material
sinking to the planet's core. Last but not least, radioactive elements decay. Radioactive decay is the
method through which the Earth generates heat. It entails the internal breakdown of naturally
radioactive materials such as uranium. Uranium is a unique element in that it produces heat when it
decays. This heat is what prevents the Earth from cooling fully.