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T. Nivethitha, GPB
Hybrid - F1 from crosses b/w 2 Purelines, Inbreds, OPV, clones or other
population that are genetically dissimilar.
Objectives:
To create genetic variation.
To combine desired characters into a
single individual.
Combination Breeding
Transgressive Breeding
Production of Hybrids
Steps involved in hybrid seed production
• Development of inbreds
• Evaluation of inbreds
Two methods:
» Selfing-heterozygous populations
» Doubling of haploids
Various population viz. open pollinated varieties, synthetic varieties
or any other heterozygous population can be used for selfing.
• Progeny of selected plants are grown separately from the selfed
seed in the next season.
• Again selection is made for the superior progeny and selfed.
• This processes is continue to get superior homozygous
inbred.
Production of Doubled Haploids
• Haploid production
• Haploid
identification
• Genome doubling
Evaluation and Selection of Inbreds Lines
Phenotypic evaluation
• The selected lines are crossed in all possible combinations viz., n(n-
1)/2, where n is the number of inbred lines.
Procedure of Hybridisation:
1. Selection of parents
3.Emasculation
4. Bagging
5. Tagging
6. Pollination
7. Harvesting of F1 seeds
Emasculation
Methods:
• Hand Emasculation
• Suction Method
Intraspecific hybrid:
Single cross A*B
• A, B, C, D – Inbreds
• Used for the development of double cross and three way cross
hybrid.
Double Cross Hybrid
• The rows of female and male parent are planted in the ratio 4:1 in
maize.
Multiple Crosses:
A cross involving more than four inbred line.
Polycross:
Open pollination of a group of selected genotypes in isolation from
other compatible genotype to promote random mating among
selected genotype.
Three Way Cross Hybrid:
These hybrids sometimes used in maize, in which single cross is used
as female and inbred as male and are planted in the ratio of 2:1.
These hybrids produced seed of normal shape and size but the main
drawback is the low pollen production efficiency of the male
inbred parent.
• In case of single and three way cross hybrids, the rows of female
and male parents are planted in 2:1 ratio.
• The tassels of female parent are removed and natural cross
pollination is allowed.
• In double cross hybrid , the rows of female and male parent are
planted in 3:1 or 4:1 ratio.
Interspecific/ Intrageneric hybrids
G. hirsutum x G. barbadense
d)Gamete selection
Merits
Demerits
Achievements
Hybrids released crops using male sterility system
• HB3, HB5 these were SCH from CMS line Tift 23A. And yeild upto 7
tonnes per hectare in National Demonstration trials
• Downy mildew resistant hybrids PHB 10, PHB 11,BJ104 and BK560
Rice:
CORH 1 (MGR) – 1994, CORH 2, CORH 3, CORH 4, ADTRH 1 .
Maize:
COH 1 - 1982, COH 2 ,COH 3 ,COH 4, COH 5, COH 6,CO H (M)7, CO H
(M)8, CO H (M)9, CO H (M)10.
Redgram:
COH 1 – 1994, COPH 2.
Cumbu:
X 4, X 5, X 6, X 7, TNAU Cumbu hybrid CO 9, CO(Cu) H8…
Reference