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Silvan Features Of Different MPTs

1. Acacia auriculiformis (B. Akashmoni, F. Fabaceae)

a. Silvan features: A fast growing middle sized tree of variable stem form,
sometimes straight; bark grayish brown, rough with longitudinal fissures.
Phyllodes straight or falcate, 10-16 x 1.5- 2.5 cm, entire. Flowers yellow in spikes
upto 3 cm long. Fruit a pod, 3-12 cm long.

Flowering time: July-Septembers

Fruiting time:December-February.

Generally it is propagated by seeds.

b. Adaptability: it has a wide range of adaptability, tolerating infertile clayey,

sandy, acid, alkaline, saline or seasonally waterlogged soils and long dry seasons.

c. Geographical distribution: Natural distributions are in Australia, Papua New

Guinea and Indonesia.

d. Uses: it is an ideal fuelwood tree. The timber is used for furniture as well.

e. Production in Bangladesh: It may be produced in the homesteads, farm lands,

fallow lands and forest lands all over Bangladesh. Through shoot and root pruning
it can be raised in crop field quite satisfactorily.

2. Albizia lebbeck ( B.Siris/Kala koroi, F. Fabaceae)

a. Silvan features:  A large, deciduous tree with spreading crown. Leaves

bipinnate, leaflet 2.5-3.0 x 1.5-2.0 cm, oblong. Flowers greenish white. Fruit a
pod, 15-30 x 3-4 cm pale, shiny, yellowish brown. The root system is largely
superficial .Leafless during cold season.

Flowering time: May-June.

Fruiting time: December-February.

It is propagated by seeds, but can also be made through stem

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cuttings. It coppices well, produces root suckers, and can be pollarded and lopped.

b. Adaptability: The tree thrives on variety of soils preferring well drained loam.
It can withstand periodic flooding and  salinity. Young plants are capable of
standing moderate amount of shade.

c. Geographical distribution: From the tropical Himalayas to Sri Lanka and

Myanmar, Malay Isles, china, North Australia and tropical Africa.

d. Uses : The wood is used as building construction and also for making furniture,
agricultural and many  other implements, transport bodies, railway sleepers,
bridges etc. Young leaves are used as cattle fodder.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown mostly in forest lands of northern part of the

country, sporadic elsewhere.

3. Albizia procera (B. Koroi/Sada Koroi, F. Mimosaceae)

a. Silvan features : A fast growing tall, sub-deciduous tree; bark yellowish grey.
Leaves bipinnate; leaflets 2.5 x 1.6- 2.0 cm. Flowers yellowish white in heads.
Fruit a pod , 10-20 x1.5-2.0 cm, reddish brown,seeds 6-12.

Flowering time: May to September.

Fruiting time : October to February. It can be easily raised from seeds and grows
readily from cuttings. It can be lopped every year. It coppices well.

b. Adaptability: It grows on alluvial soils and in moist places along the river
banks. It is a light demanding species, drought tolerant, and can tolerate periodic
inundation.

c. Geographical distribution: From central and eastern Himalayas to the western

peninsular India, Malay Isles and the Philippines.

d. Uses: Used for house posts, agricultural implements, furniture, construction of

bridges and other purposes. Leaves provide a medium fodder.

e. Production in Bangladesh : In forests, road sides, waste lands, public places

and homesteads. Through severe root and shoot pruning it can be grown in crop
fields and different types of farms.
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4. Areca catechu (B.Supari, E. Betel nut , F. Arecaceae)

a. Silvan features: Trunk quite straight, 20-25m high and about 15.5cm thick.
Leaves pinnate, 1-2m long, leaflets 30- 60cm long. Flowers in much branches
spadix ; male flowers very numerous, sessile, female flowers solitary, or 2 or 3
together, at or near the base of each branch of the spadix ; fruit an ovoid nut, 4-
5.5cm long.

Flowering time: March-May.

Fruiting time : October-December. It is propagated through seeds.

b. Adaptability : Grows well in all types of loose soils. It prefers hot and humid
climate.

c. Geographical distribution: Cultivated in south-east Asia.

d. Uses: The nut is used in mastication along with betel nut. It has some medicinal
properties (digestive, astringent , vermifuge). Leaves are used in making mats,
hats, hand fans and brooms. Wood is used in making petty household articles.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Cultivated widely in homesteads all over

Bangladesh. The betel leaf vine grows well in support of the betel nut palm. In
various orchards the betel nut palms can be grown quite successfully.

5. Artocarpus heterophyllus (B. Kathal /Kanthal, F. Moraceae )

a. Silvan features: A large evergreen tree bearing large dense crown. Leaves
simple, alternate, 7-20 x 4-8cm, elliptic, abovate, entire, dark green; and glossy
above, pale and rough beneath. Flower heads in bud enclosed in large sheath. Fruit
a fleshy, syncarp, 30-90cm long, covered with pointed tubercules, hanging on short
stalks.

Flowering time: November-March.

Fruiting time: April-September. Propagated by seeds.

b. Adaptability: Prefers alluvial soils. Cannot tolerate standing water.

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c. Geographical distribution: India and Eastern Asia.

d. Uses: Timber is used for furniture making, planking and paneling .Fruits and
seeds are edible.Leaves are used as fodder. It is considered as the best
multipurpose tree species (MPT) in the country.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Cultivated in homestead and on roadsides all over

the country, and also grown in crop fields and orchards in Mymensingh, Dhaka,
Tangail, Chittagong and some other districts.

6. Azadirachta indica (B. Neem, F. Meliaceae)

a. Silvan features: A  large to middle-sized tree. Leaves imparipinnate, 22-40cm

long, crowded towards the ends of branches; leaflets 9-15 per leaf. Flowers white
in axillary panicle. Fruit a drupe, ovoid to oblong, 1-seeded, greenish yellow when
ripe.

Flowering time: March-April.

Fruiting time: July-August. Generally propagated through seeds. Coppicing

ability is good and coppice growth is much faster than that of seedlings.

b. Adaptability : Grows well on most soils but cannot tolerate water-logged soils,
deep sands with deep water table or saline soils. It can stand moderate draught
condition.

c. Geographical distribution: The tree is native of Myanmar but now common in

India, Bangladesh and many other hot countries.

d. Uses: Wood is used in making furniture, agricultural implements and toys. It is

grown for shade and ornamental purposes. Leaves are used in medicines. Seeds
produce insecticides and industrial margosa oil. Bark contains tannin.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Cultivated in homesteads and public places all over

Bangladesh, drier region, of the country in particular.

7. Bombax ceiba* (B. Shimul, F. Malvaceae)

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a. Silvan features: A large sized deciduous fast growing tree, covered with conical
prides. Leaves digitate, common petiole 20-25cm long, no. of leaflets 5-7, each 10-
15 x 4-5cm, entire.Flowers red, solitary or clustered at the end of branchlets , 10-
12cm across. Fruit a capsule, 10-14cm  long, woody, 5 angled.

Flowering time: January-March.

Fruiting time: April-June . It can easily propagated by branch cuttings and also
through seeds. itcoppices to some extent and produces root suckers.

b. Adaptability : The tree grows in a wide variety of soil moisture and structures.
it can tolerate periodic flooding.

c. Geographical distribution: Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Indonesia.

d. Uses: Fibres attached to the seeds (Kapok) are used in pillow, matresses and
cushions. Timber is used in making matches, frames of picture and slate, cheap
painted toys and dug-outs. Leaves together with  twigs and flowers are used as
fodder while the roots are used in medicine.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown mostly on roadsides, also in forests and

rarely in homesteads.

8. Dalbergia  sissoo (B. sissoo, F. Fabaceae)

a. Silvan features: It is a long deciduous tree, leaves fall in cold and regenerate in
early spring. Leaves  imparipinnate, 10-25cm long, leaflets 3-5, distinctly alternate,
2.5-7.5 x 2.0-6.5cm, ovate. Flowers  yellowish white. Fruit a pod, 5-7 x 0.8-1.2cm,
strap-shaped, pale brown.

Flowering time: February-March.

Fruiting time: October-January. Propagated   by seeds and stumps. It coppices

readily and reproduces vigorously by root suckers, making it useful for checking
erosion.

b. Adaptability : It grows on variety of edaphic  and, climatic  conditions. It can

tolerate drought and water-logging conditions.

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c. Geographical distribution: It is a native of foothills of Himalayas in India,

Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

d. Uses: It is used for making furniture, carts and carriages, musical drums, wheels
and for a large number of other purposes. The twigs and leaves are lopped for
fodder.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown in homesteads, fellow land farm lands and

along the roadsides all over the country, northern part of the country in particular.

9. Eucalyptus camaldulensis  (B/E. Eucalyptus, F. Myrtaceae)

a. Silvan features: A tall evergreen  tree with long, straight bole , and gently
ascending branches with graceful, drooping leaves; bark ash-grey to white, smooth,
peels off in long strips. Leaves simple, alternate, 8-25 x 2-4cm, lanceolate,
pendulous. Flowers 1.0cm in diameter , white in globose heads arranged in lateral
or supra-axillary umbels. Fruit a capsule, several clustered  at the ends of slender
stalks , operculum hemispherical and sharply beaked; opening with 4 valves.

Flowering time: August-October

Fruiting time: October-December. Generally propagated through seeds but

sometimes through cuttings.

b. Adaptability:  Well adapt to a wide range of  soils and climates. it is resistant to
drought and water-logging conditions.

c. Geographical distribution: Native to Australia. Now-a-days found in various

tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world.

d. Uses: Utilized as fuelwood, poles, and house-post. An  essential oil can be
distilled from fresh leaves,

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown In forests, hilly regions, fallow lands, public

places and homesteads all over Bangladesh.

10. Leucaena leucocephala (B.Ipil-ipil, F. Fabaceae)

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a. Silvan features: A fast growing small to medium sized tree, 5m tall, bark
brownish. leaves feather, bipinnate ; pinnae 4-8 pairs, 5-9 cm long flowers small,
yellowish-creamy in globose heads. Fruits straight. flat pods growing in large
branches.

Flowering time: Mainly in March-April and August-October.

Fruits-may be collected any time of the year. Propagated through seeds.

b. Adaptability : Can grow in a wide range of soil types except high acid soils.
Adaptable in different climatic conditions.

c. Geographical distributions:Native of central America but introduced widely in

many tropical countries of the world.

d. Uses: Fuel wood; leaves as fodder; wood is hard, not much used.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown in forests, hilly regions and waste lands all
over Bangladesh. Sometimes grown in wall-bound premises, public places and
homesteads

11. Mangifera indica (B.Am,E.Mango,F.Anacardiaceae)

a. Silvan features: Middle sized to large evergreen tree with thick, rough, nearly
black bark. Leaves alternate, 7-30cm long, oblong ; lanceolate r entire, crowded
near the ends of branches; petiole 2-4cm long r smooth, generally slightly
flattened.

Flowering time: February-March.

Fruiting time: April-June. Propagated through seeds, air layering and grafting.

b. Adaptability: it grows in a wide variety of soils and can tolerate periodic water
stagnation.

c. Geographical distribution: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and many

other tropical regions.

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d. Uses: Fruit is edible, being of the most valuable fruits in south Asia. Its timber
can be used for making boxes, for planking and inferior quality furniture. Leaves
are often used as fodder.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Extensively  grown in homesteads, orchards and

public places all over Bangladesh. Good varieties are grown extensively in the
greater districts of Rajshahi and Dinajpur.

12. Melia azedarach (B. Goranim, F. Meliaceae)

a. Silvan features: Usually a middle-sized, fast growing deciduous tree. Leaves 2-

pinnate, leaflets 25-50 x 0.6-2.5 cm.Flowers lilac-blue in axillary cymes formed
into panicles. Fruit a drupe, 1.2-1.6cm across; leavesfall during the cold season and
reappear during March to April.

Flowering time March-May.

Fruiting time : December -January.

Propagated by seeds, which however do not retain viability for long. It can also be
propagated by stumps and by layering. It coppices and pollards well and can be
lopped. It also produces root suckers.

b. Adaptability: Wide range of soils but does well on black soil. It can thrive in
dry conditions and can stand periodic flooding.

c. Geographical distribution: Cultivated throughout south Asia; wild in the sub-

Himalayan tract, Iran and China.

d. Uses: Wood is hard and durable and is used for house-building, furniture and
many other purposes. The bark, gum, leaves and flowers are all used in medicine.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown in forests, waste lands. fallow lands, public

places and homesteads all over Bangladesh. Through adequate shoot and root
pruning; it can be grown in crop fields and various farms.

13. Phyllanthus emblica*(B. Amloki , F. Phyllanthaceae)

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a Silvan features: A mediam-sized monocious deciduous tree; branchlets feathery

with distichous leaves. Leaves simple, opposite, 0.5-1.5 x 0.2- 0.3cm. Flowers
yellowish, in axillary clusters. Fruit a drupe, 1-1.5 cm across.

Flowering times March-May.

Fruiting time: October-December.

Propagated through seeds, cuttings, budding etc.

b. Adaptability : The plant grows in all types of soil and climates.

c. Geographical distribution: India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malay islands and

China.

d. Uses: The fruit is edible and also used as medicine. the leaves and fruits are
good fodder for cattle. The tree is used as fuelwood and also for making low grade
furniture.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown in homesteads, roadsides, public places and

forests all over Bangladesh.

14. Psidium guajava (B. Payara, E.Guava, F.Myrtaceae)

a. Silvan features: A small tree, pubescent on the young branches. Leaves simple,
opposite, 10-12 x 5-7cm, petiole about 0.5cm, Flowers white, about 4cm across, I
to 3 flowered on axillary peduncles. Fruit a globose or pyriform berry, 5cm long or
more; seeds usually many, very hard.

Flowering time:April –June .

Fruiting time: June-September. Propagated  through seeds and grafting.

b. Adaptability : Grows in a wide variety of soils, but prefers well drained loams.

c. Geographical distribution: native of Brazil, but is now common in most

tropical countries.

d. Uses: An important fruit tree. Fruits are also made into jelly and jam. Wood is
used for making agricultural instruments. Leaves and barks are used in medicine,
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e. Production in Bangladesh: Cultivated in homesteads. or orchards.

15. Samanea saman (B. Rendi /Randi koroi, F. Fabaceae)

a. Silvan features : A large sized tree with a spreading crown. Leaves bipinnate up
to 45cm long, pinnae 12-20cm long, leaflets small. Flowers in dense heads .Fruit a
pod, 12-22 x 1.5cm, septate, indehiscent.

Flowering time: March-October. Fruiting time- November-March. Propagated

through seeds and cuttings.

b. Adaptability: Thrives in a wide variety of soils and climates. itcan tolerate

permanent stagnation of water.

c. Geographical distribution: This is  a native of  Brazil but cultivated in many
parts of the tropics.

d. Uses: Timber is used for making furniture and other carpentary works.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown in forest, public places and homesteads  all

over Bangladesh.

16. Swieteniama mcrophylla (B.Boro mahogoni, F. Meliaceae)

a. Silvan features: Tall evergreen tree with rough bark . Leaves paripinnate, up to
60 cm long; Leaflets up to 20cm long. Flowers greenish white, about 1 cm across
in short axillary panicles. Fruit a capsule, about 15 cm by 7 cm.

Flowering time: March-April.

Fruiting time: December to February. Propagated through seeds.

b. Adaptability : It grows well on disintegrated laterite soil.

c.Geographical distribution: Native to Jamaica and central America, introduced

in India, Bangladesh and many other tropical countries.

d. Uses: it- is used in making furniture and plywood.

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e. Production in Bangladesh: Grown in homesteads, forests, roadsides, fallow

lands and public places.

17. Teminalia arjuna (B.Arjun , F. Combretaceae)

a. Silvan features: A medium to large deciduous  tree , bark thick, smooth pinkish
grey or whitish, peeling off in thinflakes. Leaves simple, 8-11 x4-6 cm .Flowers
yellowish in panicles, petals wanting. Fruits 2.5-3.5 cm long with 5 thick narrow
wings .

Flowering time: April – May  

Fruiting time: February – may.

Propagated through seeds, stumps and root suckers.

b. Adaptability: Grows well in fertile  alluvial soils  along the rivers.,streams and
water courses .It has more or less superficial  root  system and call stand periodic
water-logging.

c. Geographical distribution: Distributed in India, Bangladeesh South India and

Sri Lanka.

d. Uses: Wood is used for making carts agricultural implements and many other
items. The bark is used as medicine for controlling high blood pressure and other
coronary d8iseases. It is also used in industries.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Cultivated in homesteads and along roadsides all

over Bangladesh.

18. Ziziphus mauritiana* (B. Kul/Boroi, F. Rhamnaceae)

a. Silvan features: A small tree with thorns, usually up to 10m tall. Leaves simple,
alternate, 2.5-7.5 x 0.6-1.3cm. Flowers greenish-yellow it small axillary cymes.
Fruit a drupe with tasty fleshy pulp.

Flowering time: September-November.

Fruiting time:December-March.

Propagated through seeds. Good varieties are propagated vegetatively.

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b. Adaptability: Grows on a variety of soils but shows best performance on sandy

alluvium and on arable lands. It can stand periodic flooding.   -

c. Geographical distribution:- India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, tropical

Africa, Malaysia, China., Australia etc.

d. Uses: Fruits are edible. The tree gives fuel-wood and timber. The leaves are fed
for lac culture and lopped for cattle feed. The branches are much used for fencing
on account of their thorny character.

e. Production in Bangladesh: Cultiva6ted in homesteads, home gardens, orchards

and village groves all over Bangladesh.

19. Acacia Mangium (B, mangim, F. Fabaceae)

a. Silvan features: it is a fast growing small to tall tree, bark Rough, furrowed
longitudinally, pale grey brown to brown.Mature phyllodes large, up to 25 am long
and 5-110 cm broad, dark green. Flowers yellow. Fruit a pod, 7-8 cm, long and 3-5
mm wide, seeds black and shiny. The flowers appear from May-June; the seeds
mature from late October to December. It is generally propagated gram seed. It
coppices fairly.

b. Adaptability: It grows on well drained acid soils and sometimes also grows in
imperfectly drained soils subject to brief flooding. Fairly  light demanding.

c. Geographical distribution: Northern Queensland, Australia, Papua New

Guinea and Indonesia.

d. Uses: It is a good fuelwood tree. The wood is also suitable for furniture and
cabinet making.

e. Production in Bangladesh: May be grown in hilly parts of the country and also
in farms, villages, waste lands etc. situated in the high lands. Through shoot  and
root pruning it grows well in crops fields.

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