REMEDIAL TEACHING MODULE

ENGLISH

11TH STANDARD 2019 - 2020

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ERODE DISTRICT
TAMIL NADU
 A NOTE OF GRATITUDE

Our sincere thanks to

Mr. R. Balamurali M.A., B.Ed.,

(Chief Educational Officer, Erode.)

For his magnanimous consent and support to bring out this

resource book.

Team members
1. Mrs. A. Kavitha,
PG Teacher (English), Mpl. Girls Hr. Sec. School, Karungalpalayam, Erode.

2. Mr. M. Elango,
PG Teacher (English), MPDGHSS, Thingalur, Erode.

3. Mrs. S. Geetha,
PG Teacher (English), Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School, Manickampalayam, Erode.

4. Mrs. M. Kavitha,
PG Teacher (English), Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School, Veerappanchathiram,
Erode.

5. Dr. S. Sridevi,
PG Teacher (English), Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School, Anthiyur, Gobi Edn. Dt.

Our Heartfelt thanks to

Mr. K. Ravikumar,
Headmaster,
Municipal Boys Hr. Sec. School, Gobi.

Dr. R. Arunachalam,
Headmaster,
GHSS, A. Pudhupalayam, Gobi Edn. Dt.

For their valuable guidance and expertise to give the cutting

edge to this work.
 QUESTION PAPER CONTENTS
PART - I
Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE NO PAGE NO
Synonyms 4, 5, 38, 70, 108, 1
142, 170
Antonyms 6, 38, 74 1
Compound words 6 2
Clipped Words 72 2
Right Definition of a term 73, 101, 145 3
Prefixes and Suffixes 7, 39 4
1 Abbreviation and Acronyms 39 5
Prepositions 44 - 47 5
to Idioms 40, 111, 112, 173 7
Relative Pronoun - 8
20 Question Tag 120 8
Foreign Words 172 9
Phrasal Verbs 112 9
Syllabification - 10
Sentence Pattern - 10
Articles and determiners 10, 11 -
Modal Auxiliaries 43, 44 39

PART - II
Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE PAGE NO
NO
21 - 26 Poem Appreciation (Any 4 out of 6) - 11
Any 3 out of 4
Inversion – If / - 15
27 - 30 Conditional Clause ”If” and “Unless” 116, 117 15
Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences 175, 176 16
Active- Passive Voice 78, 79 17
Direct and Indirect Speech 148, 149 -
 PART – III
Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE PAGE NO
NO
31 - 33 ERC (POEM) (Any 2 out of 3) - 18
34 - 36 Prose Questions (Any 2 out of 3) - 20
Any 3 out of 4
37 Verbal and Non Verbal Comprehension 122, 114, 115 23
Expansion of News headlines 78 23
to Completion of proverbs / Match with meanings 176 24
Completion of the dialogue 74, 75, 124, 25
40 125
Describing a process 79 25
Notice Writing 17 26
Article Writing 51, 52 -
E mail Writing 151, 152 27
Framing Questions 118 -

PART – IV
Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE PAGE NO
NO
Answer all the questions. (Either… or choice)
Prose Paragraph questions - 27
Poem Paragraph Questions - 28
Supplementary Paragraph Questions - 29
41 Note-Making/ Summarizing 48, 49 29
Letter Writing 5, 89, 153-155, 31
to 196
Semantic Fields 144 -
47
Spot the errors 80, 81 35
Model Auxiliaries , Tense, Homophones 38
General Prose Comprehension 41, 42, 52, 96, 41
114, 115, 146,
147, 174-175
General Poem Comprehension 25, 57, 89, 131, 42
159, 189
Construction Of Dialogues 74, 75, 124, -
125
Expansion Of Proverb 176 -
Biographical Sketch From the given Information 81, 82 -
Report Writing 83, 84 -
 PART – I 33. Beckoned. - called

VOCABULARY (20 MARKS) 34. Perils. - dangers

Synonyms 35. Endowed. - gifted

1. Absurd - illogical 36. Inherent. - inborn

2. Fables - stories 37. Doleful. - sorrowful

3. Hobbled - walk unsteadily 38. Extravagantly - excessively

4. Snapped - broke /cut 39. Suave. - polite/sophisticated

5. Seclusion - isolation 40. Venerable - valued

6. Bedlam - noisy confusion 41. Cosy - comfortable

7. perched - sat / rested Question Model - Synonyms

8. rebukes - scolding Choose the correct Synonym for the under lined

9. dilapidated - damaged word from the options given.

10. pallor - pale appearance We have to recall the struggles of the past and

11. princely - very large realize the perils and possibilities.

12. appetite - hunger (a)dangers (b)hurdles(c)difficulties(d)safety

13. Vicinity - neighborhood

Antonyms
14. Swagger - walk in confident way
1. Monotonous. × interesting
15. adulation - appreciation
2. Seclusion. × crowded
16. Lauded - appreciated
3. Dilapidated. × undamaged
17. Sate - satisfy
4. Moist. × arid
18. Etched - imprinted
5. Frivolous. × serious
19. speculation - guess
6. Serenity. × anxiety
20. Antipathy - strong dislike
7. Habitual × irregular
21. Prosaic - dull
8. Intricate × simple
22. Indignant - very angry
9. Princely × meager
23. reluctant - unwilling
10. Amateur × professional
24. mediocre - not very good ordinary
11. Compulsory × optional
25. audacious - bold and daring
12. Traditional × modern
26. quivering - trembling/shivering
13. Astuteness × stupidity
27. vexation - irritation / annoyance
14. Reluctant × eager
28. smothered - suppressed
15. Prosaic × exciting
29. Rectitude. - honesty
16. Mediocre × extraordinary
30. indelible - cannot be rubbed
17. Audacious. × cowardly
out or removed
18. Indignant. × calm
31. guile - cunning / deceit
19. Dreadful. × good
32. Drooping. - bending

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 20. Blurred. × clear 17. examination – exam
21. Nonchalantly × interestingly 18. demarcate – mark
22. Grave. × frivolous 19. perambulator – pram
23. Ruggedness. × weakness
Question Model–Clipped word
24. Perils. × safety
Choose the Clipped word for ‘Influenza’
25. Replenish. × deplete
(a) influ (b) flu (c) fluenza (d) fluen
26. Inheritors. × Predecessors
27. Doleful. × joyful Compound Words (page no 6)
28. Extravagantly × frugally 1. Sing song
29. Suave × impolite/unsophisticated 2. Over straining
30. Venerable. × worthless 3. Gentle folk
31. Cosy. × uncomfortable 4. Grand mother
32. Absurd. × logical 5. Court yard
6. Sun set
Question Model– Antonyms
7. Half-hour
Choose the correct antonym for the under lined
8. Home coming
word from the options given.
9. Mantel piece
“Don’t look so doleful, girls”.
10. Eye lashes
(a) peaceful (b)joyful (c) doubtful (d) powerful
11. Water proof
12. Bee hive
Clipped words. (page no 72)
13. Toll gate
1. Chimpanzee - chimp.
14. Door knob
2. Photograph - Photo.
15. Spinning wheel
3. Microphone - Mike.
16. Spot less
4. Cafeteria - Café.
5. Gasoline - Gas.
6. Helicopter - Copter.
7. Telephone - Phone.
8. University - Varsity.
9. Memorandum - Memo.
10. Influenza - Flu.
11. Hippopotamus - Hippo.
12. Bridegroom - Groom.
13. Fanatic - Fan.
14. Demonstration - Demo.
15. Refrigerator - Fridge.
16. Aeroplane - plane

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 Find out the word that cannot be placed after the given word in each set :
1. Snow – fall/white/clad/cool 9. Sun - dial/bath/shine/hot
2. Mind - map/set/game/fresh 10. Sweet - talk/smelling /heart/news
3. Life - guard/long/joy/style 11. Up - load/coming /stairs /rise
4. Show - time/case/full/room 12. Home - bound/coming /sick/love
5. Over - throw/whelming/up/flow 13. Dress - circle /code/rehearsal /maker
6. Slow - motion /down /up/show 14. Door - step/lock/knob/knock
7. Flower - bed/girl /box/soft 15. Long - run/awaited/term /leave
8. Red - thick/alert/hot/carpet

Model Question – Compound Word

Choose the words from the options given below to form a compound word with ‘mantle’
(a) knob (b) piece (c) proof (d) hive

Definition of a term:

Professions with relevant job descriptions (Page No: 73)

1. Pathologist studies diseases.

2. Ornithologist studies birds.
3. Entomologist studies insects.
4. Archaeologist studies artifacts and physical remains.
5. Sociologist studies functioning of human society.
6. Geologist studies the matter that constitutes the earth.
7. Linguist studies languages and their structure.
8. Seismologist studies earthquake.
9. Herpetologist studies reptiles and amphibians.
10. Meteorologist studies atmosphere, weather and climate.
11. Psychologists One who studies the human mind and behavior

Term definitions:

1. Bibliophile a great lover of books and has a huge collection at home.

2. Teetotaler one who never consumes alcohol, coffee, tea, milk
3. Optimist one who has positive attitude
4. Philanthropist One who donates for social causes
5. Globetrotter one who travels widely
6. Ambidextrous ability to use both hands
7. Misanthrope one who hates or mistrust mankind
8. Polyglot well versed and fluent in multiple languages.
9. Nanogenarian one who is between 90 and 99 year old
10. Thespian an actor or actress
11. Sadist one who derives pleasure from inflicting pain on others.

Words ending in –ology:

1. Ecology The study of relationship between using organism and their environment
2. Technology the scientific knowledge and / or equipment that is needed or a
particular industry, etc.
3. Pathology the scientific study of disease
4. Cynology the study of dog training;
5. Ichthyology the study of fish;

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6. Ornithology the study of birds
7. Oology the study of birds' eggs.

List of specialist (Page No: 101)

1. One who specializes in lung problems Pulmonologist

2. One who specializes in skin problems Dermatologist
3. One who treats diseases specific to women Gynecologist
4. One who treats kidney diseases Nephrologist
5. One who treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system Neurologist
6. One who treats stomach disorders Gastroenterologist
7. One who treats vision problems Ophthalmologist
8. One who specializes in critical infants Neonatologist
9. One who treats heart problems Cardiologist
10. One who treats the problems of ear, nose, tongue Otolaryngologist

-ism words (Page No: 145)

1. Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it. Patriotism

2. A brutal, barbarous, savage act. Barbarism
3. The doctrine that your country‘s interests are superior. Nationalism
4. Participate in sports as a hobby rather than for money Amateurism
5. Belief that the best possible concepts should be pursued. Idealism
6. A serious examination and judgment of something. Criticism
7. Habitual failure to be present at work. Absenteeism
8. A doctrine that advocates equal rights for women. Feminism
9. Concern for your own interests and welfare. Egocentrism
10. Exceptional courage when facing danger. Heroism
11. The hopeful feeling that all is going to turn out well Optimism

Question Model–Definition of the term.

Choose the right definition for the given term bibliomania.
(a)craze for gold (b) craze for books (c) craze for food (d) craze for sleep

Prefixes and suffixes (Derivatives) (Page No: 7 & 39)

Word Prefixes Suffixes

Tidily untidily Tidiness
Audible inaudible audibly
Honest dishonest Honesty
Fortunate Unfortunate Fortunately
Respect Disrespect Respectable
Rational Irrational Rationally
Direct Indirect Direction, Directly
Comfort Discomfort Comfortable
Regular Irregular Regularly, Regularity
Active Inactive Activity
Agree Disagree Agreement, Agreeable
Obedient Disobedient obediently
Continue Discontinue Continuously
Decent Indecent Decently
Legitimate Illegitimate Legitimately, Legitimacy

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Relevant Irrelevant relevantly
Aware Unaware awareness
Finite infinite Finitely, finiteness
Necessary Unnecessary Necessarily
Manage mismanage Manager, management, manageable
Differ Indifferent Different, differently
Beauty Beautiful, beauteous, beautifulness, beautifully
Peace Peaceful, peacefulness
Arrange rearrange Arrangement
Collect Recollect Collection, collector
Approve Disapprove Approval, approver
Narrate Narrator, narration
Class Classify, classification

Model Question – Prefix

Add a suitable prefix to the root word “arrange”
(a) ir (b) di (c) re (d) mis

Abbreviations (Page No: 39)

1. IELTS - International English Language Testing System.

2. GST - Goods and Service Tax
3. TNPSC – Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
4. STD – Subscriber Trunk Dialing.
5. ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.
6. MBA - Master of Business Administration
7. MHRD - Ministry of Human Resources Development
8. GPS – Global Positioning System
9. NSS - National Service Scheme
10. PTA - Parent Teacher Association
11. NGO - Non Governmental Organisation
12. ICU - Intensive Care Unit
13. IIM – Indian Institute of Management
14. MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging
15. ECG – Electro Cardio Gram
16. NCC – National Cadet Corps
17. LED - Light Emitting Diode
18. CPU – Central Processing Unit
19. CBSE – Central Board of Secondary Education
20. GDP – Gross Domestic Product

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 21. LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
22. NRI – Non Resident Indian
23. IIT – Indian Institute of Technology
24. ITI – Industrial Training Institute
25. RSC – Referee Stopped Contest
26. USA – United States of America
27. AIBA – Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur
29. USB - Universal Serial Bus
Model Question – Abbreviations
Select the correct expansion of GST.
(a) Goods and Services Tax (b) Goods and Sales Tax (c) Gold and Sales Tax
(d) Goods and Security Tax

Prepositions (Page No: 45)

Preposition
Usage
of Time
In Used before months, years, decades, Centuries and long periods of time.
On Used before day and date
At Used before definite point of time
Since Refers an event in a particular point of time
Eg: I have been playing since 3’o clock.
For Refers an event in a duration of time
Eg: I have been playing for 4 years.

Preposition of place (used to show where something is located) :

in, at, on, next, below, under, above, over, across, through, to, into, towards, onto, from, etc.,

Preposition
Usage
of place
In Used for enclosed space, countries and large towns
On Used for things at rest on surface.
At Used for particular position, small town/village/ an area or colony in larger
city.
Between Used with two persons or things
Among Used with more than two persons or things
Over Used to mention something above in movement
Above Higher than something when not in movements
Below Mention lower than something
Under Beneath
Behind Mention the position at the back of something

Words followed by preposition :

Famous for Fond of Abstain from Associated with
Ambition for Consists of Objection to Popular with
Fondness for Afraid of Indifferent to Infested with
Compensation for Confident of Contrary to Acquaintance with
Want of Sensitive to Delighted with
Deficient in Cautions of Addicted to Busy with

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 1. In case of difficulty, you should refer to a dictionary and then respond to the question.
2. The clothes that he has put on are very impressive. He is going to his hometown to pay
homage to the village head.
3. The nearest hospital to this place is at a distance of twenty kilometers. You can reach it
either by car or by a bicycle.

Prepositions (Page No: 46)

1. We fought against the measure. 11. Subash is the president of our class.
2. The cat jumped onto the table. 12. We live by the river.
3. The cat climbed up the tree. 13. Let’s walk into class together.
4. My story is shorter than yours. 14. The bank is opposite the park.
5. Cats are unlike dogs. 15. We live within the city limits.
6. Put the cookie in the jar. 16. I saw John waving above the crowd.
7. Let’s walk through the park. 17. I’m more cautious since the fall.
8. The vegetables were planted beside the apple tree. 18. I have a present for you.
9. Banu sings like a bird. 19. We strolled along the river.
10. My story is about my pets. 20. He ran between us.
21. The leaves had been collected beneath the trees. 33. The cat jumped over the dog.
22. I put the book upon the table. 34. He is hiding behind the book case.
23. Please treat us as equals. 35. Dinner is on the table.
24. Dessert will be served after dinner. 36. I put my hands inside my pockets.
25. My house is near the school. 37. We will eat before the play.
26. We walked to the store. 38. The cat is sleeping under the bed.
27. No eating during class. 39. This letter is from my aunt.
28. The book fell off my desk. 40. We ran past the other kids.
29. I will not leave until the speech is finished. 41. The English language is vital in the
30. The store is open everyday but Sunday. medical field.
31. The dog is outside the house. 42. He climbed up the stairs to get into the
32. The cat is hiding below my bed. terrace.

Model Question – Preposition

Fill in the blanks with the suitable preposition.
The cat is sleeping _______ the bed. (a) under (b) below (c) over (d)through

Idioms (Page No: 40,111, 112,173)

1. Throw in the towel - to give up

2. In our corner - on your side in an argument or dispute
3. On the ropes - near collapse or defeat
4. below the belt - unfair or an unsporting behavior
5. square off - prepare for a conflict
6. Tight corners - difficult situation
7. Shot his bolt - exhaust one's energy or strength
8. In a nice pickle - to be in a tight spot
9. Have cold feet - become nervous and afraid
10. Alarm bells ringing - sign of something wrong
11. Back to the wall - in serious difficulty
12. Grasp /Clutch at straws - try any method to overcome a crisis
13. Saved by the bell - help at the last moment from a difficult situation
14. Hang out to dry - abandoning one in difficulty
15. By the skin of teeth - a narrow escape

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 16. Right up one’s alley - appeals to one strongly
17. Drive one up the wall - grew irritated
18. Hit the road - began the journey
19. Take one for a ride - deceive one
20. In panic mode - became confused or afraid

Model Question – Idioms

Choose the meaning of the idiom “take for a ride”
(a) a trust (b) to ride (c) to cheat (d) to believe

Relative Pronoun:

Tips:
1. Who=> ______f;F Kd;G caHjpiz (kdpjh;fs;) te;J> ______f;F gpd; verb te;jhy; who NghlTk;.
I saw a boy who was clever
2. Which / that => _____f;F Kd;G m m0wpiz (nghUl;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;;) te;jhy; which, that NghlTk;.
I heard a song which / that pleased me
3. Whose=>_____f;F Kd;G caHjpizAk; _____f;F gpd;G xU noun te;jhy; whose NghlTk;.
I met my friend whose father was an MLA.
4. Whom=>_____f;F Kd;G caHjpiz (kdpjh;fs;) te;jhy; _____f;F gpd;G xU
pronoun te;jhy; whom NghlTk;.
This is the girl whom I met yesterday.
5. Where=> _____f;F Kd;G xU place / building te;jhy; where NghlTk;.
That is the temple where I met the old man.
Question Tag (Page No:121)

● Tag begins with auxiliary verb followed by pronoun.

● Positive statement => negative tag
● Negative statement => positive tag

(Negative meaning words - barely, badly, ever, few, no one, nobody, hardly, no, none, nothing,
neither, never, rarely, seldom)
If no auxiliary verb – Use a form of do/does/did in the question tag.

Eg: They sang a song, didn’t they?

Exception :
I am late, Aren’t I?
Let’s go, Shall we?
(Imperative Sentence)Open the door, will you?

I have a car ……… ? have, has main verb Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ

It has four colours ………? do/does Q. Tag y; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

1. You are a student, aren’t you?

2. Aji is not a lawyer, is she?
3. Lawrence saw the snake, didn’t he?
4. Jordi attends the class regularly, doesn’t he?
5. Madhav doesn’t speak Telugu, does he?
6. Cities are increasingly becoming urbanised, aren’t they?
7. They experiment with ways to improve air quality, don’t they?
8. The aim should be to reduce congestion, shouldn't it?
9. There is an urgent need to provide affordable energy, isn’t there?

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 10. Automation and shared mobility will play a key role in this transformation, won’t they?
11. It changes the way people commute in cities, doesn’t it?
12. Before long, a fleet of electric autonomous vehicles could drive people to their
destination, couldn't it?
13. These shared AVs will run at higher utilization rates, won’t they?
14. They can reduce the cost of mobility and congestion, can’t they?
15. These should not be thought of as luxury but as necessity, should they?
Model Question – Question Tag
Choose suitable question tag for the following statement.
Aji is not a lawyer. (a) is she? (b) isn’t she (c) Doesn’t she? (d) will you?

Foreign words (Page No:172)

1. Viva voce - a spoken examination
2. Sine die - without a date being fixed
3. Resume - a brief summary.
4. Rapport - close relationship with good understanding.
5. Bonafide - genuine
6. Bon voyage - good journey.
7. In toto - completely.
8. Liaison - one who co-ordinates all activities.
9. Ex gratia - payment given out of sympathy/as a gift
10. En masse - all together, as a group.
11. En route - On the way.
12. Ad hoc - temporary rules.
13. Faux pas - mistake /blunder in social situation.
14. Verandha - a roofed platform along the outside of a house
15. Bungalow - a house in the Bengal style
16. Chutney - a ground or mashed relish
17. Cheetah - uniquely marked
18. Coir - rope
19. Bamboo - wood
20. Bandicoot - kind of rat
21. Catamaran - multi-hulled watercraft
22. Guru - master

Model Question – Foreign word

Choose the meaning of the foreign word underlined in the sentence.
Nalini is a bonafide student of the Madras university
(a) confident (b) punctual (c) brilliant (d) genuine

Phrasal Verb (Page No: 112)

1. Stand up - be held as
2. Stand for - represent
3. Stand by - support
4. Look into - examine
5. Look at - observe / study
6. Look through - understand
7. Run over - exceed time/ cross by running/ drive over/rehearse quickly /over flow
8. Run away - escape
9. Run into - met by chance
10. Put on - wear

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11. Put up - hang/present/hang, mount/store away/ present/place in high position
12. Put off - postpone

Model Question – Phrasal Verb

Replace the underlined word with a phrasal verb. (or)
Substitute the phrasal verb in the sentence with a single word.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can today.
(a) continue (b) halt (c) finish (d) postpone

Syllabification:
● A vowel sounded alone in a word, it forms a separate syllable.
● ‘e’ is a silent vowel- not separated as syllable when it is at the end of the word.
● Two vowels together in a word –sounded separately –divide it. Eg: i-de-a, po-em
● Two vowels together in a word- sounded together-don’t divide. Eg: pur-suit
● One vowel sound- don’t divide the vowels – Eg: beauty
● -ture, -tion, -ble, ly, al are considered as single syllable – Eg: Ex-a-mi-na-tion
1. One syllable words [Mono syllable] : queue, run, speak, town, go, come, swim,
2. Two syllable words: [Disyllabic] : don-key, de-tect, daugh-ter,
3. Three syllable words: [Tri syllabic] : fa-na-tic, in-ter-val, pro-per-ly
4. Four syllable words:[Tetra syllabic] : ag-ri-cul-ture, ap-pli-ca-tion
5. Five syllable: [Penta syllabic] : dis-a-bi-li-ty, e-lec-tri-ci-ty

Model Question – Syllabification

Choose the correct tri-syllabic word.
a. divide b. first c. logical d. reject

Sentence pattern :
Subject - Head of the sentence (nouns& Pronoun)
Verb - action word(verbs)
Complement - After ‘be’ verbs (am, is, are, was, were) and
the intransitive verbs(become, turn, appear, grow)
Eg: The rose is beautiful.
She became a nurse.
Object - It answers the question ’whom’ (I.O)and ‘what’(D.O)
Eg: He met his friend.
Whom did he meet?- His friend.(object)
Eg: My father told me a story. – SVIOD
Adjunct - It answers the questions with ‘how’, ‘where’, ‘when’
Eg: They ran fast. - SVA
He went there yesterday. –SVAA
Other patterns: - 1. He called him fool - SVOC
2. They elected him captain yesterday. - SVOCA

Model Question – Sentence pattern

Identify the pattern of a given sentence: They shout rudely.
a) SVC b)SVA c) SV d) SVO

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 PART–II
(21-30)–POETRY
POETRY AND GRAMMAR (TRANSFORMATION)
(TRANSFORMATION)-(7X2=14 MARKS)
POETRY- (APPRECIATION/ FIGURES OF SPEECH) 4q’s X 2m=8 marks

1- ONCE UPON A TIME - Gabriel Okara

I.. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow.
i. ‘But now they only laugh with their teeth,
While their ice-block-cold
cold eyes…’
a. Who are ‘they’?
Modern people/ people
b. Explain: Ice-block- cold eyes ?
Eyes lacking warmth
c. Identify the figure of speech used here.
Metaphor

ii. ‘Most of all, I want to relearn

How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!’
a. Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh?
To show real feelings
b. Whom does the poet want to relearn from?
His son
c. Mention the figure of speech used here.
Simile

POEM - 2 - CONFESSIONS OF A BORN SPECTATOR – Ogden Nash

I. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow
(i) With all my heart I do admire
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire
a. Whom does the poet admire?
Ans: The athletes
b. For what reasons do the athletes sweat?
Ans: For fun and money
(ii) Well, ego it might be pleased enough
But zealous athletes play so rough…
a. What pleases the ego?
Ans: Exchange of places with players
b. Why are athletes often rorough during play?
Ans: Because everyone wants to win /Because they are zealous
(iii) When officialdom demands
Is there a doctor in the stands?
a. Why are doctors called from stands by the sponsors?
Ans: when players get injured
b. Why does the poet et make such an observation?
Ans: Because injured must be treated immediately
(iv) When snaps the knee and cracks the wrist….
Identify and explain the use of the
literary device in this line. - Ans: Onomatopoeia

II. Underline the alliterated words in the following lines.

a. For this most modest physiques…
Ans: modest, most
ost

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b. They do not ever in their dealings…
Ans: do, dealings

III. Find out the rhyme scheme of the given stanza.

One infant grows up and becomes a jocke
jockey
Another plays basketball or hockey
h
This one the prize ring hates to enter
ente
That one becomes a tackle or cente
center…
Answer: aabb
POEM -3- LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING – William Wordsworth

I. Read the lines given below and answer

a the questions that follow :
(i) And ‘tis my faith that everyvery flower
Enjoys the air it breathes…
(a) What is the poet’s faith?
Ans: Flower enjoys air they breathe.
(b) What trait of Nature do we see here?
Ans: Its fair work.
(ii) And I must think, do all I can, That there was pleasure there…
(a) What did the poet notice about the twigs?
Ans: They expand to catch breezy air.
(b) What was the poet’s thought about then?
Ans: Nature is happy
happy.
(iii)) If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Nature’s holy plan.
(a) What does ‘heaven’ refer to?
Ans: Placee of God.
(b) Why does the poet call it ‘holy’?
Ans: It was created by God.
II. Read the following sets of lines and identify the figures of speech used in each
extract :
i. To her works did Nature link – Ans: Personification
ii. The human soul that through me ran… - Ans: Personification
iii. And ‘tis my faith that every flower… - Ans: Personification
iv. What Man has made of Man? - Ans: Aphorism
III. Read the following lines. Identify the rhyme scheme and pick out the rhyming pairs
of words :
Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower,
The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths;
And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes.
Ans: Rhyming words : bower, flower; wreathes, breathes
Rhyming scheme : abab

Poem -4 - MACAVITY – THE MYSTERY CAT – T.S. Eliot

I.. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow :

i. Macavity’s a Mystery Cat: he’s called

the Hidden Paw…
a) Does the poet talk about a real cat?
Ans: No
b) Why is he called the Hidden Paw?
Ans: Master criminal

12
ii. He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad’s despair:
For when they reach the scene of crime — Macavity’s not there!..
a) What is ‘Scotland Yard’?
Ans: Head quarters of London Metropolitan Police Service
b) Why does the flying squad feel disappointed?
Ans: Because Macavity is not there.
iii. He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake;
And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake…
a) Explain the comparison made here.
Ans: Macavity sways his head from side to side like snake.
b) What does he pretend to do?
Ans: He pretends to be asleep.
iv. For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity.
a) How is the cat described in this line?
Ans: Like a devil in the shape of cat
b) Explain the phrase ‘monster of depravity’.
Ans: Giant of moral corruption
v. And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s.
a) What seems to be a challenge for the Scotland Yard?
Ans: Getting the foot prints of Macavity.
b) Why do they need his footprints?
Ans: As an evidence to arrest him.
vi. ‘It must have been Macavity!’ but he’s a mile away.
a) What is Macavity blamed for?
Ans: Blamed for theft
b) Where is he?
Ans: He has gone miles away.
vii. There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity.
a) Which cat is being talked of here?
Ans: Macavity
b) How is he different from the rest?
Ans: By the qualities such as Depravity, looting, deceitfulness and
suavity

II. Identify the literary devices used in the following lines :

a. He sways his head from side to side,
with movements like a snake. – Ans :simile
b. They say he cheats at cards. – Ans :personification

III. Give four instances where the poet has used alliteration in the poem :
Macavity’s, mystery
Scotland, squad
broken, breaks
head, highly
IV. Rhyme scheme used in the poem – AABB

13
Poem 5 - Everest is not the Only Peak – Kulothungan

I. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow :
1. Our nature it is that whatever we try
We do with devotion deep and true.
a. Who does ‘we’ refer to?
Ans: Virtuous people
b. How should we carry out our duties?
Ans: with sincerity and honesty
hon

2. Defeat we repel, courage our fort;

a. How do we react to defeat?
Ans: react with force without moving back
b. Which is considered as our stronghold?
Ans: courage
3. We are proud of the position we
hold; humble as we are,
a. What is the speaker proud of?
Ans :Their
Their position in life.
b. How is the speaker both humble and proud?
Ans: It comes from the way he leads his life.
c. Pick out the alliteration in these lines.
Ans: proud, position
4. He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore.
We bow before competence and merit;
a. Who is adored as a king?
Ans: One who is not corrupt and does not do things for money/
one who does not stoop.
b. What is the figure of speech used in the first line?
Ans: Metaphor

5. Honour is a property, common to all:

In dignity and pride no one need to be poor.
a. Who are considered rich?
Ans: People live with dignity
b. What is their asset?
Ans: Honour

Poem – 6 – The Hollow Crown – William Shakespeare

I. Read carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used in each of the
following lines :
i. “Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs;
Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
earth’’.-Ans: Metaphor
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth’’.
ii. “And yet not so – for what can we bequeath
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?” – Ans: Interrogation
iii. “Keeps Death his
court, and there the antic sits,…” – Ans: Personification
iv. “How can you say to me, I am a king?” - Ans: Rhetorical
v. “Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,…” – Ans: Personification
vi. “Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!” – Ans: Personification

14
II. Pick out the alliteration from the following lines :

i. “Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,…” - Ans: lands, lives
ii. “And tell sad stories of the death of kings:”- Ans :sad, stories
iii. “Comes at the last, and with a little pin…”- Ans: last, little
GRAMMAR (TRANSFORMATION) : 3 q’s x 2m = 6 marks

“IF” clause
1. Remove ‘If’
2. Reverse :
I had -> Had I ;
you should -> Should you ;
I were -> were I
(i) Rewrite the sentences making an inversion in the conditional clause :

1. If I had known this earlier, I would have helped you.

Ans.: Had I known this earlier, I would have helped you.
2. If you should need to meet me, you can call this number.
Ans.: Should you need to meet me, you can call this number.
3. If you should be late once again, you would be taken to the Headmistress.
Ans.: Should you be late once again, you would be taken to the Headmistress.
4. If I were you, I would accept the offer.
Ans.: Were I you, I would accept the offer.
5. If they had joined us earlier, we would have got so much of fun.
Ans.: Had they joined us earlier, we would have got so much of fun.

(ii) Rewrite the following sentences using “if” without changing the meaning :
Tips:
If + not = Unless Verb - Negative form
(If+ Don’t = unless Send - do not send
If + doesn’t= unless Sends - does not send
If+ didn’t =unless Sent - did not send
If+ hadn’t=unless)
1. Sindhu would not have won the world championship, unless she had had single minded
devotion.
Ans: Sindhu would not have won the world championship, If she had not had single
minded devotion.
2. You will not reach your goal, unless you chase your dream.
Ans: You will not reach your goal, if you do not chase your dream.
3. Unless we plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
Ans: If we do not plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
4. The rescue team would not have saved the victims unless they had received the call in time.
Ans: The rescue team would not have saved the victims if they had not received the
call in time.
5. The palace can not be kept clean, unless we appoint more people.
Ans: The palace can not be kept clean, if we do not appoint more people.
6. The portraits would not have been so natural unless the artist has given his best.
Ans: The portraits would not have been so natural if the artist has not given his best.
7. The manager would not have selected Nithiksha unless she exhibited good accounting skill.
Ans: The manager would not have selected Nithiksha if she did not exhibit good
accounting skill.
8. The policeman would not have arrested the man unless she had violated the rules.
Ans: The policeman would not have arrested the man if she had not violated the rules.

15
9. Mr. Kunaal would not sponsor my higher education unless I studied well.
Ans: Mr.Kunal would not sponsor my higher education if I did not study well.
10. Kavin will not stop flying kites unless he understands the risk involved in it.
Ans: Kavin will not stop flying kites if he does not understand the risk
involved in it.
11.Tanyawould not know the answer unless she referred to the answer key.
Ans: Tanya would not know the answer if she did not refer to the answer key.
12. My village cannot achieve 100% literacy rate, unless the elders of the village cooperate
with the Education department.
Ans: My village cannot achieve 100% literacy rate, if the elders of the village
do not cooperate with the Education department.
Simple Compound and Complex Sentences (page no: 175-176) :
Learn the table :

Complex Compound Simple

Though/Although/ Even But/yet/still Inspite of/ Despite+
though/ Even if * P.Adj+Ving
If and In case of +*P.Adj+Ving
Unless Or/else/otherwise In case of not+* P.Adj+ving
So…..…that I can’t Very……..and so I can’t Too…..to
When and Being/V=ing
As/Since/ As soon as And so Being/V=ing
Pronouns Possessive adj.
I My
We Our
You your
He His
She Her
It Its
They Their
# Pronouns in compound and complex sentences should be changed into
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Change the following into a compound sentence :

1. Though Raju is weak, he walks fast.

Ans.: Raju is weak but he walks fast.
2. If you run fast, you will win.
Ans. : Run fast and you will win.
3. Unless you learn well, You will not score.
Ans.: Learn well otherwise you will not score.
4. The word is so difficult that I cannot pronounce it.
Ans.: The word is very difficult and so I cannot pronounce it.
5. As you performed well, you were appreciated.
Ans.: You performed well and so you were appreciated.

Change the following into simple sentences :

1. I studied well but I did not pass.

Inspite of my studying well, I did not pass.
2. If you run three kilometres a day, you will reduce your weight.
In case of your running three kilometres a day, you will reduce the weight.

16
3. The Jamoon is so sweet that I cannot eat more than two.
The Jamoon is too sweet to eat more than two.
4.Karim saw the snake and he ran away.
Seeing the snake, Karim ran away.
5.She sang that song beautifully and so she won the first prize in the concert.
Singing that song beautifully, she won the first prize in the concert.

Textual Ex. (Page No:176)

1. a. Do as directed.

1. Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at the bus stop. They went to the bus stop.
(Change into a compound sentence)
Ans: Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at the bus stop so they went to the
bus stop.
2. Varsha reached the railway station. She was waiting for them there. (Change into a compound
sentence)
Ans: Varsha reached the railway station and she was waiting for them there.
3. While she waited at the train station, Varsha realized that the train was late.
(change into a simple sentence)
Ans: While Varsha was waiting at the train station she realized that the train was late.
4. Dinesh and Prabhu left the bus stop. Varsha rang them. (change into a complex sentence)
Ans: When Dinesh and Prabhu left the bus stop Varsha rang them.
5. The trio met at the station. Varsha left for Madurai. (change into a complex sentence)
Ans: After the trio met at the station Varsha left for Madurai.

Active Voice/ Passive Voice :

Three changes should be made,

i) tense 2) sub.(by) and obj. 3) pronouns

Tense changes :
Active Passive
1. [Send/Sends] - am/is /are +sent(p.p)
2. sent - was/were+sent(p.p )
3. will send - will be+ sent(p.p)
4. am/is/are+ sending - am/is/are+being+ sent(p.p)
5. was/were+ sending - was/were+being+ sent(p.p)
6. have/has sent - Have been /has been + sent (p.p)
7. had sent - had been sent(p.p)
8. will have sent - will have been

Pronouns :

Subject Object
I Me
We Us
You You
He Him
She Her
It It
They Them

17
Book Exercises :
Change the voice of the following sentences : (Pg. No:78)

1. The pilot flew the airplane to Bengaluru.

The airplane was flown to Bengaluru by the pilot.
2. The bananas were eaten by the monkey.
The monkeys ate the bananas.
3. Mohammed follows the rules.
The rules are followed by Mohammed.
4. Mohan has completed the course.
The course has been completed by Mohan.
5. Magdalene is singing the prayer.
The prayer is being sung by Magdalene.
6. Who wrote this complaint?
By whom was this complaint written?
7. May God bless you with happiness!
May you be blessed with happiness.
8. A house is being constructed by them.
They are constructing a house.
9. Let the door not be slammed.
Don’t slam the door.
10. The team was trained by the coach.
The coach trained the team.
11. The Govt awarded Tagore the Noble prize.
Tagore was awarded with Noble prize by the Govt.
12. The Indian Government established IIM Ahmedabad in 1961.
IIM Ahmedabad was established in 1961 by the Indian Government.
13. The Central Government formed Chhattisgarh in 2000.
Chhattisgarh was formed in 2000.
14. Indian Railways inaugurated the first passenger train in 1853.
The first passenger train was inaugurated in India in 1853.
15. They set up Indian Airlines in 1953.
Indian Airlines was set up in 1953.

PART – III (7q’s x 3m = 21 marks)

i) 31 – 33- poem ERC (2 out of 3): 2q’s x 3m = 6marks

Poem – 1
Explain the following with Reference to the Context in about 50-60 words.

Clue words:
*laugh with eyes *no thrice *wear face…like dress *I used to be.
i. Once upon a time, son
They used to laugh with their eyes:
ii. There will be no thrice.
iii. I have learned to wear my faces
Like dresses …
iv. I want to be what I used to be.

Poem : Once Upon a Time

Poet : Gabriel Okara

18
Explanation
The poet talks to his son about people in his childhood. The father is ready to give up his fake
qualities and relearn the genuine qualities.

Poem – 2

Clue words: glad as glad, their dealings, I’ll drink to you,

(i) I am just glad as glad can be
That I am not them, that they are not me…
(ii) They do not ever in their dealings
Consider one another’s feelings…
(iii) Athletes, I’ll drink to you,
Or eat with you,
Poem : Confessions of a Born Spectator
Poet : Ogden Nash
Explanation
The poet talks about the spirit of the born spectator. The poet is the determined
spectator. He feels shy to take part in games or sports.

Poem – 3

Clue words : *sweet mood *pleasant thoughts *hopped and played *reason to lament
i. In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.
ii. The birds around me hopp’d and play’d,
Their thoughts I cannot measure.
iii. Have I not reason to lament
What Man has made of Man?
Poem : Lines written in Early Spring
Poet : William Wordsworth
Explanation
The theme is ‘Enjoy and worship the Nature’. The poet had both pleasant and bitter thought.
God created nature. Irresponsible act of men exploits nature. We should enjoy nature.

Poem – 4

Clue words : *levitation * half asleep *Scotland Yards *scrap of paper

*has an alibi
i. His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare
ii.And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake
iii.
And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s
iv.There may be a scrap of paper in the hall or on the stair
But it’s useless to investigate…
v. He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare

Poem : Macavity – The Mystery Cat

Poet : T.S. Eliot
Explanation
Macavity is a master criminal. He appears to be immersed in his scheming always. Macavity is
also known as “Hidden Paw”. He doesn’t leave even his foot prints as evidence in the scene of
crime.

19
Poem – 6

Clue words : * Bolingbroke’s * hollow crown * Farewell king * I am a king?

i. “Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,
And nothing can we call our own but death;”
ii. “All murdered – for within the hollow crown
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
Keeps Death his court, …”
iii. “Comes at the last, and with a little pin
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!”
iv. “How can you say to me, I am a king?”
Poem : The Hollow Crown
Poet : William Shakespeare
Explanation
The king admits that everything belongs to Bolingbroke except death. Richard II is a deposed
king. He is very sad. He thinks about the dead kings. Death is portrayed as a court Jester. King
has power. But death is more powerful than king.

ii) 34-34 – Prose short answer – 2q’s x 3 m = 6 marks

UNIT-1 The Portrait of a Lady

1. Describe the Grand father as seen in the portrait.

Ans: The grandfather looked a hundred years old man with a big turban, loose
fitting clothes and long beard.
2. Why was the author left with his grandmother in the village?
Ans : The Author’s parents went to live in the city.
3. Where did the author study in his childhood?
Ans: In a village school.
4. Why did the Grandmother accompany the author to School?
Ans: The Grandmother used to sit inside the temple reading holy books/
saying prayers.
5. What made the dogs follow the grandmother after school hours?
Ans: The dogs followed her to eat chapattis.
6. Why didn’t the grandmother feel sentimental when the author went aboard for the higher
education?
Ans: She was a strong minded old woman.
7. What was the happiest time of the day for Grandmother?
Ans: Feeding sparrows in the afternoon.

UNIT-2 The Queen of Boxing

1. How did Mary Kom manage to get financial status? support for her trip to the USA?
Ans: Her Father collected 2000 and two MP’S Donated 8000 rupees.
2. Why did Mary Kom think that she should not return empty handed?
Ans: MaryKom did not want to disappoint people who supported her.
3. What was the first impression of America?
Ans: Things were costly/expensive in America.
4. Why did she call herself lucky?
Ans: She did not have any match that day.
5. According to Mary Kom what was the reason for losing in the finals?
Ans: Loss of appetite, weight loss by 2 kg.

20
6. What made her feel confident about the competitive players?
Ans: Mary Kom went on to reach finals while team mates lost one after the other.
7. What difficult she did experiences while eating Chinese food?
Ans: Chopsticks were given to eat meals.
8. How was she felicitated on her return to India?
Ans: She was given a warm welcome at the Airport.
9. What did she consider her great achievement? Why?
Ans: Retaining her world title at New Delhi in 2006 was her great achievement.
Because she was able to win at home.

UNIT-3 Forgetting

1. What does Lynd actually wonder at the efficiency of Human Memory?

Ans: Lynd wonders at Human Memory.
2. Name a few things that a Person remembers easily?
• Ans: Telephone Numbers
• Addresses of friends
• Names of Actors and actresses
• Cricketers, Foot Ballers and Murderes.
3. How do psychologist interpret forget fullness?
Ans: Because People wish to forget certain things.
4. What is the commonest type of forget fullness according to Lynd?
Ans: Posting Letters.
5. What does the author mean when he says the letter in his pocket leads an unadventurous life?
Ans: Lynd forgets to post the letter. It remains in his pocket for several days.
6. What are the articles the writer forget most often?
Ans: Walking sticks, umbrellas.
7. Who are the citizens of Dream Land? Why?
Ans: Sportsmen.
8. What is common about the Anglers and the Poets?
Ans: They are absent minded people./Both are living in dreams. /They are citizens
of dream land.

Unit-4 Tight Corners.

1. What is a tight corner? What happens, when one finds oneself in a tight corners?
Ans: ’Tight Corner’ means a difficult situation people try to find their way out of
that situation.
2. What is the difference between a physical and mental tight corner?
Ans: Physical uncomfort and Mental Stress.
3. Why did the narrator visit Christie’s?
Ans: The narrator’s friend forced him to enter Christie’s, an auction shop.
4. The narrator heard his own voice saying “and fifty” what does this suggest?
Ans: The Narrator had interest in auction.
5. What was the narrator’s financial condition?
Ans: The narrator had only 63 pounds in his account.
6. The Narrator could not pretend to have made a mistake in bidding. Why?
Ans: The staff were unsympathetic.
7. What would have been the best way for the narrator to get himself out of the tight corner?
Ans: Confessing his poverty.
8. Why did the narrator feel he could have welcomed a firing party?
Ans: Because he had no money to pay for the painting he bid.

21
9. What was the bidder’s offer to the narrator?
Ans: The bidder offered extra fifty guineas.
10. How did the narrator take advantage of the situation?
Ans: The narrator demanded hundred guineas it was the profit for him.

Unit – 5 Convocation Address

1. Who does the speaker claim to represent?

Ans: The speaker claims to represent the common man.
2. Why are universities necessary for a society?
Ans: They give wisdom and service to society.
3. What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days?
Ans: To adorn Royal Chambers.
4. In what ways have universities improved the society?
Ans: produce talented individuals who are useful to society.
5. ‘Universities develop broad-mindedness. How does Dr. Radhakrishnan drive home this idea?
Ans: Appreciate other’s points of view. Save Democracy.
6. What should the youngsters aim in life after their graduation?
Ans: Youngsters should contribute to the society.
7. How can a graduate give back to his/her society?
Ans. In terms of service and giving hope to the depressed.

UNIT-6 -The Accidental Tourist

1. Give a few instances of Bryson’s Confused acts?

Ans: Routine activity is not easy for Bryson forgets things easily.
2. What were the contents of Bryson’s bag?
Ans: News Paper cutting.
Loose papers.
Tobacco Magazine.
Passport.
Dollars and Films.
3. Describe the fluttery cascade of things tumbling from the bag?
Ans: News Paper cuttings
Tobacco, Magazines.
Passport, Dollars.
Films and Coins.
4. Why did the authors concern over tobacco shift to his fingers?
Ans: His fingers were injured while Zip-pull.
5. What happened to Bryson when he leaned to tie his shoe lace ?
Ans: He got knocked over.He was pinned on the floor in a crash position.
6. How did Bryson free himself from the crash position?
Ans: Bryson was unable to shout for help. He clawed the leg of the man sitting next
to him.
7. What was Bryson’s worst accident on a plane?
Ans: During, the conversation with a lady his mouth, chin, tongue, teeth and gums
were stained with blue ink.
8. What did Bryson wish to avoid in his life?
Ans: To be very careful in his travel and to avoid forget fullness.
9. How would staying away from liquid mischief benefit Bryson?
Ans: Bryson saved laundry expenses staying away from liquid mischief.
10. Why did the clerk say that Bryson was not entitled to flyer miles?
Ans: The ticket was in the name B-Bryson but name in the card was W.Bryson.

22
iii) 37 – 40. Any 3 out of 4 (3q’s x 3m = 9 marks)
Data Interpretation (Non Verbal –Verbal form) (Page No: 52, 122, 114-115)
TIPS :
● Least, minimum, lowest --- vdpy; kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l mstPLfs;
● Higher, maximum, most ------- mjpfgl;r vz;zpf;if
● Difference --- ,uz;L tptuq;fspd; NtWghL
● How many --- vj;jid
● How much --- vt;tsT
● How long --- (time) vt;tsT Neuk;
● How far --- (distance) vt;tsT J}uk;
● Where --- vq;Nf
● When --- vg;nghOJ
● How --- vg;gb
● Which --- vJ
(understand the meaning of these words to answer the questions)
Spends, true or false,
income, first,
expenditure and expenses, major,
Same and equally, lowest,
total, saving, last.
NON VERBAL – SENTENCE WRITING :
● This pie chart / bar diagram / table is about ________.
● There are ________types of _________given in the pie chart / bar diagram / table.
table
● The pie chart / bar diagram / table gives clear data about______.
● Both __________and __________are equal.

Model Questions :
THE PIE_CHART: 2018 TN Expenditure

Questions :
1. What the pie-chart is about?
Ans: The pie-chart
chart is about the 2018 TN State expenditure.
2. How much does the state spend on education? Ans :20%
3. Which one has the least expenditure? Ans : Entertainment 8%
OR
Write three sentences on your Inference about the data given.
* The pie-chart is about 2018 TN Expenditure.
*There are about six expenditures given in it.
* The pie-chart
chart gives clear data about 2018 TN Expenditure.

Headlines (Page No : 78)

⇨ First, mark the date and place of the incident.
⇨ Expand the abbreviations.

23
⇨ Can add prepositions at the end to expand the news.
Eg: On – exact date or day.
at – exact place or time
in - place, year, moth and week.
by – person, by whom the incident took place.
⇨ Number in words-> write in words. eg: 5 – five
⇨ verbs

to + verb -> will + verb

verb, verb + s -> have / has + verb (or) verb +ed
verb + ed /v2 -> passive – is/ am/are + verb+ed
verb + ing -> is/ am/are +verb+ing

Eg: NEET CLASSES TO BEGIN ON SEPT. 20TH

15th December, Erode. The National Coaching institute announced that the National Eligibility
cum Entrance Test classes will begin on September twenty.
Ex: 1. Municipal elections in December
2. Telephone customers to get video phone
3. Card license to replace paper driving license
4. ATM without security guard to close
5.Heavy rains lash Chennai.
6. 12 injured as buses collide

PROVERBS :

1. A bad workman always blames his tools.

2. Action speaks louder than voice.
3. Despair gives courage to a coward.
4. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
5. Great minds think alike.
6. Haste makes waste.
7. Look before you leap.
8. Measure twice, cut once.
9. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
10. Better late than never.
11. Honesty is the best policy.
12. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
13. Practise what you preach.
14. Practice makes a man perfect.
15. Leave no stone unturned.
16. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
17. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
18. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
19. Laughter is the best medicine.
20. Many hands make light work.
21. Necessity is the mother of invention.
22. As you sow, so you reap.
23. The pen is mightier than the sword.
24. Fortune favours the bold.
25. Birds of the same feather flock together.
26. The early bird catches the worm.
27. God helps those who help themselves.

24
Proverb completion :

1. Fortune favours the ----- (fool, brave, wise)

2. -----is next to Godliness. (kindness, bravery, cleanliness)
3. ------makes perfect. (practice, Repetition, Attempts)
4. Empty -----make the most noise. (class, places, vessels)
5. ----speak louder than words. (Advice, Actions, Deeds)
6. ----was not built in a day. (Paris, Rome, Athens)
7. Familiarity breeds------. (contempt, liking, love)
8. You can’t judge a book by its----. (content, cover, articles)
9. -----is the mother of invention. (Greed, Thirst, Necessity)
10. A sound mind in a sound ----. (head, heart, body)
11. Better late than -----. (nothing, never, absent)
12. One----makes no Garland. (flower, fruit, bouquet)
13. To err is ---. (common, normal, human)
14. Pride goes ----a fall. (after, before, at)
15. Kindness begets-----. (love, kindness, justice)
16. New brooms ---well. (sweep, does, works)
17. Speech is silver, silence is -----. (platinum, golden, diamond)
18. A bird in hand is worth two in the----. (cage, tree, bush)
19. An---brain is the devils workshop. (evil, idle, empty)
20. Every cloud has a----lining. (bright, silver, lovely)

DIALOGUE WRITING - PHRASES/WORDS : (USE FOR 3 M AND 5 M)

PAGE NO.74, 75, 125 (FRAMING QUESTIONS : 118)

Use the following which may be suitable

1. I need. 9. Time pls,

2. How are you? 10. I want,
3. I see/I saw. 11. Take this,
4. What do you want? 12. fill it,
5. Lost pls. 13. Bill Pls,
6. May I know. 14. Thank you,
7. Place it. 15. Choose it.
8. Here it is.

Eg : Between you and a bookseller on buying books (page no:125)

Book seller : What do you want?
Me : I want Thirukkural book.
B.S : How many copies?
Me : 5 copies
B.S : ok. What else?
Me : Thank you sir. Bill please.
B.S : Here it is?
Me : Thank you sir.
B.S : Have a nice day sir.
Me : Thank you. Have a nice day.

DESCRIBING A PROCESS (Page No: 79)

• Use Imperative sentences.
• Use Passive Voice.
• Use linkers. Example : First, then, were and then finally

25
Cookery/Salads. Cleaning: Packing:
Take__________ Take___________ Take____________
Wash__________ Soak___________ Cut_____________
Cut/Chop__________ Rinse___________ Fold_____________
Fierly Chop__________ Wash___________ Wrap/cover________
Grind/Powder__________ Dry_____________ Stick a label________
Mix/well__________ Use Drier________ Address tag_________
Add___________ Ready to gift/post.________
Ready to
Serve
Heat
Add oil
Fry/deep fry/sauté
(pan, tava, bowl )

NOTICE WRITING (Page No: 17)

Format of a Notice
Notice
Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Erode Tips:
Inaugural function of Science Club (event ) ● This to inform you
3rd March2020 about……………….
Time:11 a.m. ● For registration,
contact…………
Venue: Meeting Hall
● Meet the …….. for
You are informed about / to ……………………………………………… reference
………………………………………………………………………………………… ● Attend the meeting
………………………………………………………………………………………… without fail.
…………………………………………………….………………………………….. ● All are invited.
………………………………………………………………………………………… ● All are welcome.
(Sd/-) ● Inform your class
Karthik(Name) students.
The School pupil Leader (the designation) ● Make arrangements.
Pronouns:--> Question Paper Answer Paper
1. Your Our
2. You are I am

e.g. You are Kala, the secretary of the Science Club. Prepare a notice about the inaugural of
Science Club

Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Gobi.

The Inaugural of Science Club
5th March 2020
Time:10 a.m
Venue: Meeting Hall
You are informed about the inaugural of science club.
All are invited. For reference, contact the Secretary.

(Sd/-)
Kala,
The Secretary of Science Club.

26
WRITING E-MAIL (Page No: 151,152)
Format of an E-mail

To:
Cc:
Sub.:
Dear Sir, (Salutation)
(Body of the mail)
Yours faithfully/Your Friend,
(Sd/-)

Pronouns
Question Paper Answer Paper Tips:
1. Your Our/ my Don’t use short forms, from address, date.
2. You are I am Use ‘Cc.’ only in formal letter.
Use Expressions like:
I am……………
I am studying…………
P. find my encl., I have sent.
I invite you to the……….

Formal Letter: Friendly letter:

Dear Sir, Hi,
Sir, Dear …(name)
Yours faithfully, With love/Best wishes
I look forward to hearing from you. Reply me soon.
Thank You Waiting for your reply.
Reply soon. Covey my love to all.
e.g.: You are Raju. You Invite your friend to your School Annual Day function.
To: rajeev@gmail.com
Sub.: Invitation-School Day Function
Dear Rajeev,
How are you? I am fine. I invite you for my School Annual Day Function. Please come
with your family on 3rd June 2020.
Convey my love to all.

Your Friend,
(Sd/-)
Raju.

PART – IV – (41 – 47 -EITHER / OR QUESTIONS) – 7Q’S X 5M = 35 MARKS

41. Prose paragraph :

1. The Portrait of a Lady

Write a paragraph on the vital role of the author’s grandmother in his early years.
Author’s grandmother always went to school with him. Grandmother sat inside the
temple reading the holy books. Author went upto university, he was given a room. The common
link of friendship was snapped. Grandma sat by her wheel spinning and reciting prayers.
Hundreds of little birds collected round her for bread crumbs.

27
2. The Queen of Boxing
Mary Kom’s rise as the Queen of boxing.
Mary Kom was selected in the 48 kg category for boxing. Her father managed to collect
only Rs. 2000. Two MP’s donated money. Because of these efforts Mary Kom decided not to
come back empty handed. She won her first international medal (a silver) there. She also started
believing that she could face anyone. The prize money and later the Govt. job put an end to her
financial worries. Despite her marriage, her medal haul continued. After the hat trick of world
championship wins the media named her, “Queen of Boxing”, and “ Magnificent Mary”.
3. Forgetting
How does Lynd look at ‘Forgetfulness’?
Lynd wonders at human memory. A person remembers telephone numbers, addresses,
names of actors, actresses, cricketers, footballers and murderers. Psychologists interpret that
People wish to forget certain things. The author often forgets to post letters. He also forgets
walking sticks and umbrella often. According to author sports persons are the citizens of
dreamland. Anglers and poets are living in dreams so they forget ordinary things. This seems to
be a virtue to the author.
4. Tight corners
Narrate the circumstances that led to the narrator getting into a tight corner by his own folly.
His friend forced the narrator to visit. The author was very playful and careless. In the
sale room pictures were sold. The author was caught in tight corners. Tight corner is a difficult
situation. No one was there to help him. His Friend escaped. Some other bidder offered 50
guineas for the pictures. The narrator demanded 100 guineas and got it from him.

5. Convocation Address
How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back the society?
The Speaker represent a common man. Universities are the store house of knowledge.
Society gets improved by the help of the universities. Spirit of Democracy, is developed
Universities help students to develop skills. Students should serve the society without
selfishness.
6. The Accidental Tourist
Why doesn’t Bryson seem to be able to do easily what others seem to? give a few reasons
could not do his daily life activities.
Looking for a lavatory in a cinema was difficult .He would forget his room number in the
hotels. The bag contained newspaper cuttings, loose papers and Tobacco got scattered on the
airport, when he tried to take out a card. The ticket was in the name of B.Bryson but the card
was in the name of W. Bryson.

42. POEM PARAGRAPH :

POEM – 1 - ONCE UPON A TIME - Gabriel Okara
‘Once Upon a Time’ is a poem. This poem was written by Gabriel Okara. This is a very
beautiful poem about people’s nature. The poet talks to his son. It is about fake and real nature
of the people. He hates fake people. He wants to be real like people in past.
POEM - 2 - CONFESSIONS OF A BORN SPECTATOR – Ogden Nash
‘Confessions of a Born Spectator’ is a poem. This poem was written by Ogden Nash. This
is a very beautiful poem. The poem is about the spirit of the born spectator. The poet is the
spectator. He enjoys the game. He admires their spirit and strength. But he never wants to
exchange places with them.
POEM -3- LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING – William Wordsworth
‘Lines written in Early Spring’ is a poem. This poem was written by William
Wordsworth. The theme is ‘Enjoy and worship the Nature’. The poet had both pleasant and

28
bitter thought. Flowers enjoyed their breath and birds hopped around him. Irresponsible act of
men exploits nature. God created nature. We should enjoy nature.
POEM - 4 - MACAVITY – THE MYSTERY CAT – T.S. Eliot
Macavity is a master criminal. He does a lot of crimes .But the police could not arrest
him. He breaks the human law and also the law of gravity. He is a devil in the guise of cat. He can
float in the air and also run very fast. So he is called the Mystery Cat.

POEM - 5 - EVEREST IS NOT THE ONLY PEAK – Kulothungan

The poet talks about the virtue of a human being .You don’t stoop to grab success. Stand
proud and feel tall. Be bold even when you fail. Don’t bow for favors. Respect and honour others.
Efforts are more important than success.

POEM – 6 – THE HOLLOW CROWN - William Shakespeare

This poem is an extract from the play “Richard II”.Richard II is a deposed king. He is very
sad. He thinks about the dead kings. Death is portrayed as a court Jester. King has power. But
death is more powerful than king. Everyone is equal before death. He urged his men to treat him
as an ordinary man.

43. SUPPLEMENTARY PARAGRAPH :

AFTER TWENTY YEARS – O. Henry

Bob and Jimmy were friends. They plan to meet at the same place, date and time after 20
years .Jimmy becomes a cop and Bob becomes a criminal. Bob waits at the same place after 20
years. As a policeman Jimmy finds out that Bob is a criminal. So he sends another man to arrest
his friend.

A SHOT IN THE DARK – Saki

Philip Sletherby travels by train to meet Mrs. SaltpenJago. Bertie, her son, travels with
him. He asks Sletherby to lend him money. He says that his mother has dark brown hair.
Sletherby doesn’t believe his words. So he doesn’t give him money. Later he comes to know the
truth. He had done the mistake and Bertie had said the truth.

THE FIRST PATIENT – C.V. Burgess

The play takes place in the dentist’s clinic. Patients are waiting for the dentist. The
dentist arrives and calls for the first patient in. After sometimes, a nurse carries a hammer, a
pair of pliers and hacksaw. Patients are afraid of the noise from the room. They leave the clinic
one by one. The first patient comes out and explains. The dentist had used the tools to open his
tools cabinet. He had not used them to pull the tooth out. The misunderstanding creates humour
in the play.

44. SUMMARY WRITING / NOTE MAKING (Page No: 48,49)

Do's :
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia 2 my;yJ 3 Kiw ed;F gbf;fTk;. vijg;gw;wp
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJvd fz;Lgpbf;fTk;. mJNt Title MFk;. key ideas milahsk; fhz
Ntz;Lk;.
2. jiyg;ig mwpKfk; nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; cs;sit/Rw;wp tisj;J jiyg;ig njhLtJ
vJTk; Njitapy;iy.
3. tpthpj;J vOjg;gl;lit> th;zid Nghd;wdTk; Njitapy;iy.
4. ahiu/vijg;gw;wp vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; vq;Nf> vg;NghJ> Vd;> vt;tsT Nghd;w
Nfs;tpfSf;F tpil jUgit kl;Lk; ,lk; ngwyhk;.
5. Abbreviation gad;gLj;jyhk;. Adjectives jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Statistical data Nghd;wit
jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

29
6. nrhe;jeilapy; vOj Kay Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW vOj ,ayhjth;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w
thf;fpaq;fspy; jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;badtw;iw jtph;j;J thf;fpak; mikf;fyhk;.
7. Rough copy, Fair copy kw;Wk; Title Nghd;wit rhptu ,Ue;jhNy 3
kjpg;ngz;fs; fpilf;Fk;.
8. khzt> khztpah; Total passageI ,uz;lhfg; gphpj;J Rough copy, fair copy vd
vOJjiyj; jtph;j;jy; eyk;. KOgj;jpf;Fk; Rough copy vOJ Kay Ntz;Lk;. mjid
Nkk;gLj;jp Fair copy vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Model Exercise :
It is easy to say, ”Enlarge your vocabulary “,first that you may enter upon the privileges
of cultivated women; and secondly, that you may be able to tell the truth easily and accurately.
But it is another and more difficult matter to prescribe the means by which this is to be done.
Every girl must, to a large degree, work out her own method. The reading of the best books and
conversation with cultivated folk-both helps to the free use of words. The dictionary is the best
friend for your task. Never allow a strange word to pass unchallenged. Usually it is wise to look
it up at the moment. If that is impossible it must be written firmly on the memory and traced at
the first opportunity. It is good to encourage the habit of dawdling a little over the dictionary. It
is the only place where dawdling reaps a harvest. By learning two new words a day thoroughly,
you can ensure a large vocabulary before you reach middle age.
Answer :

Rough copy :
By enlarging your vocabulary, you can have the privileges of cultivated person and
express the truth easily and accurately. Everyone must work out one's own method. Reading the
best books and conversing with scholars help coining the use of words. The dictionary usage is
the best tool. Dawdling over the dictionary can reap a harvest. By learning two new words a day,
you can ensure a large vocabulary before the middle age.

Fair copy:

Enlarge your vocabulary

By enlarging your vocabulary you can enjoy the privileges of cultivated people. You can
express the truth better. Everybody must work out one’s own method. Reading the best books
and talking with elite people can help coin words. The dictionary is the best tool. Dawdling over
it can help reaping a harvest. Two new words a day can ensure a large vocabulary before the
middle age.

45. Letter Writing (Page No: 89,153-155, 196; BIO- DATA:178 & 179)

Types of Letters:

i) Official Letter ii) Personal Letter

30
Format of an official letter:

From
……………………..
………………………
3rd Jan, 2020.

To
………………..
………………..

Dear sir,
Sub.:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………. (Body of the letter)
….…………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Thank You,
Yours faithfully, (subscription)
Sd/-
(name)
Address on the cover

Format of a Personal Letter :

23, Raja street,

Yyyyy. (from address)
5th March 2020.
Dear Raju,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………. …………………….. (Body of the letter)
……………………………………………………………………………..

Best wishes

With love,

Sd/-
(name)
Address on the cover:
To:

31
 Change the Pronouns :

Question paper Answer paper

Your Our/My
You I
Tips:
Official Letter Personal Letter
Dear sir, Hi,
Sir/Madam, Dear friend,
I am writing this letter to…. How are you? I am fine
I want to ………… I want to………
I look forward to hearing from you. Convey my love to all.
Inform me about…….. Keep in touch with me.
Convey my regards Reply soon.

BIO-DATA
Name : XXXX
DOB :
Age : 26
Address : XXXX, yyyy
Qualification : B.Com
Experience : 2 Years

Declaration
The details given above are correct and true.
Place: YYYY. Yours faithfully,
Date: ____ / /2020 XXXX
Address on the cover:
To:

a) Respond to the following advertisements.

WANTED 100 part-time Graphic Artists

Experienced in Photoshop and InDesign-
Salary negotiable. Apply to: MM Graphics,
Triplicane, Chennai - 5 or Mail your
Resume to mmg@xmail.com
BIO-DATA
Name : XXXX
DOB : 23.05.1993
Age : 26
Address : XXXX, yyyy
Qualification : B.Sc (CS)
Experience : 2 Years
Declaration
The details given above are correct and true.

Place: YYYY. Yours faithfully,

Date:05/03 /2020. XXXX
Address on the cover:
To:
MM Graphics
Triplicane, Chennai - 5

32
1. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the need to wear seat belts while driving.
12-C Apex road,
Soorampatti,
Erode.

5th Mar 2020

To
The Editor
The Hindu
Chennai-600009

Sir / Madam,
Heavy traffic and speed in the road causes accident. As a media you can create awareness
among people to wear helmet and seat belt while driving. So, I request you kindly to publish
news to create awareness.
True citizen
XXXX
Address on the cover:
To:

2. Write a letter to the commissioner of the corporation complaining about the sanitary conditions
of the streets in your locality.

From
XXXX
12-C Apex road,
Soorampatti,
Erode.

5th Mar 2020

To
The Corporation Commissioner,
Corporation office,
Erode
Sir/ Madam,
Sub: Complaining about the sanitary conditions reg.
I reside in the aforesaid address. The sanitary condition is not good. Kindly make arrangements
to rectify the issue.
Thanking you
Yours truly,
xxx
Address on the cover:

To:

33
3. Write a letter to a sports company ordering sports items for the Physical Education
Department of your school.

From
The School Pupil Leader
Govt. Hr Sec School
Erode

5th Mar 2020

To
ABZ Sports Shop
Apex road,
Erode
Sir / Madam,
Our school is in need of the following sports items. Send those items to my school without
damage. Send me the bill too.
1 Throw ball 5 no’s
.
2 Volley ball 5 no’s
Thanking you
Yours sincerely,
Arjun
(School pupil leader)

Address on the cover:

To:

4. Write a letter to the Chief Reservation Supervisor of Railways requesting him to grant
concession for your educational tour.

From
The School Pupil Leader
Govt Hr Sec School
Erode

5th Mar 2020

To
The Chief Reservation Supervisor,
Railways Department,
Erode
Sir /Madam,
Sub: permission to grant concession for train fare reg.
We planned educational tour from our school to Ooty on April 1st. So I request you to grant
concession in train fare for 100 students and 5 teachers.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely,
Arjun
(School pupil leader)
Address on the cover:
To:

34
5. Write a letter to the curator of the museum seeking permission for a school visit.

From
The School Pupil Leader
Govt. Hr Sec School
Erode

5th Mar 2020

To
The Curator,
The Museum,
Erode

Sir /Madam,
Sub: seeking permission to visit museum reg.
We planned to visit museum from our school on Mar 15th. So I request you to grant permission
for100 students and 5 teachers to visit the museum.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely,
Arjun
(School pupil leader)
Address on the cover:
To:

46. SPOT THE ERROR / CONCORD (PAGE NO:80,81) :

Spot the errors:
1. Prefer, prior, senior, junior, inferior, superior mLj;J 'than'-f;F gjpyhf ‘to’ vOjTk;.
Examples:
● Ram is junior than me
● Ram is junior to me
2. One of the f;F gpwF ‘Noun’ plural-y; tUk;
Examples: One of the boys vd;W tUk;.
Ram is one of the best students in the class.
NkYk; one of the boys te;jhy; singular ‘verb’(looks, is) tUk;.
Examples: One of the boys look happy
● One of the boys looks happy
3. One rupee, university, universal, useful, European, union Kd; cs;s ‘an’I vLj;Jtpl;L ‘a’
vOjTk;.
Example: Ram is an university scholar
● Ram is a university scholar
4. NkYk; Abbreviation Kd; cs;s M/H/F vOj;Jf;fSf;F Kd; ‘a’ tuhJ> ‘an’ tUk;.
‘h’ silent Mf tUk; thh;j;ijfSf;F Kd;dhy; ‘an’ tUk;.
Examples:
● Ram is a M.Sc Student ● I bought a HMT watch
● Ram is an M.Sc Student ● I bought an HMT watch
● Ram is a honest man ● Saminathan is a M.L.A
● Ram is an honest man ● Saminathan is an M.L.A
5. thf;fpaj;jpy; Though-Tk; but-k; te;jhy; but I kl;Lk; ePf;fptpl;L vOJ.
Example: Though he is poor but he is happy
● Though he is poor he is happy

35
6. thf;fpak; ‘ing’ (working, writing) njhlq;fpdhy; gpd;dh; tUk; and I ePf;fp vOjTk;.
Example: Working hard and he passed
● Working hard he passed

7. Some verbs cld; Fwpg;gpl;l preposition kl;Lk; tUk;. (confident of, hope for, met with, on
foot, congratulate on)
Examples:
● He is confident on his success ● I met with an accident
● He is confident of his success ● He goes to school by foot
● Let us hope through the best ● He goes to school on foot
● Let us hope for the best ● He congratulated of his success
● I met in an accident ● He congratulated on his success.

8. NkYk; discuss, enter, told, despite Nghd;w thh;j;ijfSld; preposition Nrh;e;J tuhJ.
Example:
● They discuss about politics
● They discuss politics(about tuhJ)
● I enter into the room
● I enter the room(into tuhJ)
● They told to me
● They told me(to tuhJ)

9. Neither..nor, either..or cld; singular verb(look, is) tUk;.

Example: Neither you nor he are active
● Neither you nor he is active

10. Physics, Economics, Politics, Mathematics, Civics, News mLj;J singular verb jhd; tUk;.
Example: The news are very good
● The news is very good

11.Some words are used only in Singular form. Eg: advice, furniture, meal.
Example:
● He gave a lot of advices ● I bought new furniture
● He gave a lot of advice ● He has finished his meals
● I bought new furnitures ● He has finished his meal

12. (Language) nkhopf;F Kd; ‘the’ tuhJ.

Example:
● We speak the English
● We speak English

13. cyfj;jpy; cs;s xNu xNu nghUis kl;Lk; Fwpf;Fk;NghJ ‘the’ article gad;gLj;jTk;.
Example:
● Sun rises in the east
● The sun rises in the east.

36
14. Other models
Example:
● Two and two make four. ● No one know the answer.
● Two and two makes four. ● No one knows the answer.
● He is my cousin brother. ● He plays piano very well.
● He is my cousin. ● He plays the piano very well.

15. thf;fpaj;jpy; as/since/because-k; te;jhy; so-I kl;Lk; ePf;fp vOJ.

Example:
● As he is poor so he is proud.
● As he is poor he is proud.

16. Despite- cld; of tuhJ.

Example:
● Despite of his riches he is humble.
● Despite his riches he is humble.

17. Confusables/Confusibles itj;Jk; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;

All the boys fared poorly expect Gokul.
All the boys fared poorly except Gokul. ,jpy; Except vd;gJ rhp (jtpu) Expect vd;gJ
vjph;ghh;j;jy; vd;W nghUs; jUk;.

18. Infinitive /Gerund gad;ghLfspYk; Nfs;tpfs; tUk;.

(Infinitive –to +verb/Gerund –verb+ing)
To-tpd; gpd;dhy; Verb+ing tuhJ.
rpyrkak; thf;fpaj;jpy; To Njitg;glhJ.
She made me to cry. (,jpy; To Njitapy;iy)
She made me cry.
To carry a heavy pile of books, she tripped and fell. (wrong)
Carrying a heavy pile of books, she tripped and fell. (correct)
My friends and I were sitting in a cafe and to talk. (wrong)
My friends and I were sitting in a cafe and talking. (correct)

19. Degrees of comparison. ,jpy; Positive, comparative & superlative y; gad;ghLfspy;

Nfs;tpfs; tUk;.
Positivey; as.....as (Neh;kiw thf;fpaq;fspy;) So....as (vjph;kiw thf;fpaq;fspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ)
Comparative-y; than (,uz;L egh;/nghUs; xg;gplg;gLifapy; )than any other(subject
xUikapy; cs;s NghJ)than most other/all other (subject gd;ikapy; cs;sNghJ)
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Superlative-y; the (xg;gPL xUikahf cs;s NghJ) One of the (xg;gPL gd;ikahf cs;s
NghJ) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

20. Question tag gad;ghLfspYk; Nfs;tpfs; tUk;.

Nandhini is a bright student, isn't it?(wrong)
Isn't she? (correct)

37
Homophones (Page No: 7& 71,72)
1. brake/break
a) We have a short break between the sessions.
b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the brake.
2. waste/waist
a) Shivani wears a belt around her waist.
b) we should never misuse or waste natural resources.
3. principle/principal
a) Oxygen is the principal element present in the earth’s crust.
b) Both these machines work on the same principle.
4. bread/bred
a) Turtles should be bred in a healthy environment.
b) I like to have toasted bread for breakfast.
5. lesson/lessen
a) This medicine will lessen your pain.
b) Finally, the manager learnt a lesson the hard way.
6. pale/pail
a) The child looks very sick and pale.
b) I need a pail of water to wash these cups.
7. through/threw
a) Ravi picked the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin.
b) The soldiers had to pass through a dark tunnel.
8. corps/corpse
a) The corpse was covered with a shroud.
b) A five day annual training camp for the senior cadets of the National Cadet Corps has
been organized.
Homonyms :
1. Nobody can say whether there will be an improvement in the Weather.
2. Your ring is loose. Do not lose it.
3. We found a packet of biscuits in the old man's shirt pocket.
4. When the pole vaulter cleared 28 feet, it was declared a record feat.
5. Explain the quote. ‘Cut your coat according to your cloth'.
6. The stranger paused for a few minutes before he passed my house.
7. The wiry dancer turned weary after the final performance.
8. The chain that I presented to my sister was not made of gold; It was just gilt. I am
suffering from a sense of guilt.
Model Question – Homophones and confusables
Fill in the blanks with suitable Homophones and confusables.
brake/break
a) We have a short _________between the sessions.
b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the ________.
Modal Verbs and Semi-modals (Page No: 43)

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S.No Modals Meaning/Functions Clue
1 Can Ability, Request lift, speak, answer
2 Could Past ability, Possibility
3 May Permission or Future Possibility go, come, god, rain, help, know
4 Might Future Possibility
5 Must Necessity or Obligation obey, punish, rules, army, soldier,
6 Shall Offer or Suggestion
7 Should Advice or Suggestion promise, needy, poor, doctor, respect
8 will Willingness, Certainty, Promise
9 would Request, Invitation like to, mind, hope

S.No. Semi-modals Clue

1. Ought to assignment, record, test, submit, needy
2. Used to When, during, in my childhood, in my college days.
3. Need Not (used in negatives and questions.)
4. Dare How
1. We are not completely sure but Kishore may come back tomorrow.
2. When Koushik was a child, he used to play in the street.
3. Could I have some more juice, please?
4. I couldn’t believe my eyes, Is Santhosh the one who is standing over there?
5. Dinesh must be the richest person in the village. He has just bought two luxury cars.
6. Imran should have studied more for the final exam than playing.
7. My house needs decorating as I’m tired of old furniture.
8. I would rather request you to check my exercise before giving it to the teacher.
9. May I use your mobile phone? It’s an emergency.
10. In schools, Students must wear uniforms. It is compulsory.
11. Nirmala’s daughter could write perfectly when she was seven.
12. I shall let you know when I have more information about the matter.
13. Science fiction can be defined as the branch of literature dealing with
the reaction of human beings to changes in Science and Technology.

Model Question - Modals / Semi-modals

1. We are not completely sure but Kishore_____ come back tomorrow. (Use a modal Verb)
Homophones :
1. He was not_________to read_________.(aloud /allowed)
2. It’s _________true that he was very _________right from the start.(quite /quiet)
3. The _________was found near the_________ (dairy /diary)
4. The_________served in the _________was very delicious. (desert/dessert)
5. The rise of_________is not _________.(fare/fair)
6. The wound on his_________began to_________slowly. (heal/heel)
7. I can_________you well, right from _________.(here/hear)
8. The______rode on his horse, right through the______to deliver the news.(Knight /night)
9. He is the_________man, to pay the whole _________.(lone/loan)
10. They_________the _________pipes at night. (Steel/steal)
11. We_________at the _________closely.(stair/stare)
12. His _________son _________to the new environment quickly. (adopted /adapted)
13. The_________economist warned about the _________crisis. (Imminent/eminent)
14. The police tried to _________the information about the people who sell _________ liquor .
15. The ______solution evoked _______comments from various quarters. (Judicial /judicious)

39
16. His coverage of the rain____areas ,had an immediate____in the political circle.(effect /affect)
17. He is _________that his _________will not let him sleep peacefully. (Conscious /conscience)
18. _______getting an opportunity to watch the match, he is also lucky to sit_______M.S.Dhoni.
(besides/ beside)

Modal verbs/Semi modals :

1. _________you like to have a cup of coffee?

2. The players _________obey their captain.
3. He _________sing well even as he was a child.
4. We _________beat any team in the world.
5. You_________improve your vocabulary.
6. They _________rather beg than surrender.
7. The match_________finish soon.
8. He _________come soon.
9. We _________watch a lot of adventure films, when we were in the college.
10. We_________submit our records on Monday.
11. They _________to pay the fees tomorrow.
12. The stuntmen_________acting in a risky scene to get applause.
13. The girls _________not be afraid of such things.
14. You_________work hard, if you want to be appreciated.
15. The law_________take its own course.
16. _________we go for a walk?
17. Sometimes he _________bring me some flowers.

Link words :

1. _________he looks feeble, he is strong.

2. Refresh yourself_________you will be tired soon.
3. He was clever_________he will find a way quickly.
4. _________he came here, none supported him.
5. _________she has the ticket, she can enter.
6. Subha is tired _________she tried hard.
7. _________you have self belief, you cannot succeed.
8. He remains in the same place _________our return.
9. Correct your mistakes, _________you take a print.
10. _________he loves Ilayaraja’s music, we befriend him.
11. We were watching a movie _________Karthik was studying hard.
12. _________his sincerity, he was selected.
13. _________the brilliant batting of Kohli, India lost the match.
14. _________the arrival of MSD, India started doing better.
15. I know him_________he was a child.
16. _________Gandhiji, the truth is the supreme God.

Tense forms of the verbs :

1. When we went to his apartment, he_________ (practice) seriously for the contest.
2. Suganya_________ (win)the scholarship a few years ago.
3. Akalya _________ (spend)her holidays happily next month.
4. Kannan_________ (go)to the movies rarely.
5. Wait. He_________ (follow)us now.
6. We_________ (start)our business just now.
7. Mythili_________ (write)a beautiful poem last year.

40
8. Nithish _________ (reach) the venue before the game started.
9. Take an umbrella, it_________ (rain) soon.
10. Bharathi_________ (study) here since 2010
11. The team _________ (give) no chance, to the rivals last year.
12. Gopika_________ (begin) her practice already.

Tenses (Page No: 14)

1. I would like (like) to spend time with my friend, whenever I am (be) free.
2. He was (be) likely to miss the train. He ran (run) up to the station.
3. At the moment they were waiting (wait) at the bus stop. But I did not know (not know)
their plans for the journey.
4. They firmly believe (believe) in the existence of God.
5. We hear (hear) a lot of noise because the buildings transmit (transmit) sound vacant.
6. She always makes (make) excuses for coming late.
7. The prime minister will leave (leave)for America to meet the delegates tomorrow.

(Page No: 16)

1. I had never seen( see) such a beautiful sunrise before I came here.
2. We were not able to stay overnight as we had not reserved( reserve) the tickets in
advance.
3. Nirmala had been(be) to the concert several times.
4. Mariappan knew Pudukottai so well because he had lived (live) there for five years.
5. Yusuf understood the problem because he had experienced( experience) the situation
earlier.
6. Catherine did not have any cash because she had lost (lose) her purse.
7. My father had been( be) to Mumbai once before.
8. The cat had chased( chase) the bird before it flew out of the yard.
9. Edith had visited( visit) several doctors before she found out what the problem was with
her knee.
10. If we had called (call) the manager ahead, we would not have needed to wait so long for
a table.

47. READING COMPREHENSION (Page No: 9, 4, 82, 52, 114, 115, 146, 147, 174, 175)

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below :
Across the world, the rose has fascinated mankind for centuries with its pastel colours,
delicate scents and various dimensions, the rose may become one of the most beautiful and
perfect flowers. Seduced by its beauty and fragrance, the Greeks and Roman were the first to
cultivate roses. The Egyptians used it in religious ceremonies. During the Middle ages, in France
and England, roses were used in medicine and for manufacturing perfumes. After a brief decline
in popularity, the rose became popular in Europe, thanks to Empress Josephine, wife of
Napoleon Bonaparte. She worked with botanists and rose enthusiasts of France to grow every
kind of rose in her garden. She collected new varieties from all over the world. New breeds were
created with the process of cross -pollination.

Questions :
1. Which has fascinated mankind for long?
2. What made rose one of the most beautiful flowers of the world?
3. Who were the first to cultivate roses?
4. How were the roses used in France and England?
5. Pick out the words from the passage :
a)Synonym of ‘variety’.
b)Antonym of ‘bore’

41
 ,e;j gj;jpia XhpUKiw ed;F gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gpd; Nfs;tpfis XhpUKiw
gbf;fTk;. gpd;dh; Nfs;tp thh;j;ijapy; ftdk; nrYj;jp Nfs;tpia Ghpe;Jnfhs;s
Kaw;rpf;fTk;. cjhuzk; :
Who was Josephine? rk;ge;jg;gl;l thpfspy; ftdk; nrYj;jTk;. Josephine ahh; vd;gJ
Nfs;tp. mjw;fhd tpil She was the wife of Napoleon and empress of France
vd;gjhFk;. ed;F ftdk; nrYj;jp nghWikAld; vOjpdhy; KO kjpg;ngz;
ngwyhk;. Nfs;tpfs; vd;d Tense-y; cs;sNjh mt;thNw gjpy;fs; mika Ntz;Lk;.

Synonyms/Antonyms Fwpj;j Nfs;tpfSf;F gj;jp KOf;f gbj;J thh;j;ijfis ,dk; fhz

Ntz;Lk;. rpyrkak; Poem nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mg;NghJ mjw;F Title vd;d vd;W Nfs;tp
,lk;ngWk;. Poem vijg;gw;wpaJ vd;gij Fwpj;J Title ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

POEM COMPREHENSION (Page No: 25, 57, 89, 131, 159, 189)

Read the following poem and answer the questions given below .
If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain,
If I can ease one life the aching
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain.

Questions :

a) When will one’s life not be lived in vain?

b) What could you do to one’s aching life?
c) How could you help the fainting robin?
d) What could you do to one in pain?
e) Give a suitable title to the poem.

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