11th Eng SL Material

1 11th LBM/RA & IJK
11th Standard
English
Material for Late Bloomers
Prepared by
Dr.R.Annamalai
Mr.I.John Kennedy
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2 11th LBM/RA & IJK
TIPS
M§»y¥ ghl¤Âš khzt, khzéa® vëjhf¤ nj®¢Á bgwyh«. mÂf kÂ¥bg©fŸ bgw
fod ciH¥ò k‰W« vGÂ¥ gh®¤jš äf äf mtÁa«. rhjhuz ãiyæš ÏU¡F«
xUkhzt®Tl vëjhf 50 kÂ¥bg©fŸ bgwyh«. Ïj‰F Ú§fŸ ò¤jf¥ gæ‰Áfis¥
go¤jhny nghJkhdJ. 90 kÂ¥bg©fS¡F¤ nj®Î. Ûj« 10 kÂ¥bg©fŸ mf kÂ¥Õ£L
Kiwæš tH§f¥gL«.
gFÂ-m (1 kÂ¥bg© édh)
Ï¥gFÂ¡F 20 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. édh¡fŸmo¥gilæš nf£f¥gL«.
gFÂ– M (2 kÂ¥bg© édh)
Ï¥gFÂ¡F 14 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. 21-26 tiu cŸsédh¡fŸ brŒÍëš ÏUªJ« 27 Kjš 30

tiuæyhd édh¡fŸ Ïy¡fz¤ÂèUªJ« nf£f¥gL«. gUt¤nj®Î, fhyh©L,
miuah©L, ÂU¥òjš nj®Î édh¡fis e‹F gæ‰Á brŒa nt©L«. nkY« ò¤jf¤Âš
cŸs édh¡fisÍ« gæ‰Á brŒa nt©L«.
gFÂ-Ï (3 kÂ¥bg© édh)
Ï¥gFÂ¡F 21 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. 31-33 tiuæyhd édh¡fŸ brŒÍŸ gFÂæèUªJ

ÏlŠR£o¥ bghUŸés¡f« jUkhW nf£f¥gL«. 34-36 tiuæyhd édh¡fŸ
ciueilæèUªJ nf£f¥gL«. 37 Kjš 40 tiuæyhd édh¡fS¡F bfhL¡f¥g£l
format–š éil mikjš ey«. Ôéu¥ gæ‰Á KG kÂ¥bg©fŸ bgw tê tF¡F«.
gFÂ - < (5 kÂ¥bg© édh)
Ï¥gFÂ¡F 35 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. 41-43 tiuæyhd nfŸéfŸ g¤Â¡ nfŸéfŸ. ghl«,

brŒÍŸk‰W« Jiz¥ghl¤ÂèUªJ nf£f¥gL«. 44-47 c§fë‹ òçjš r«gªj¥g£lJ.
bkh¤j¤Âš M§»y¥ ghl¤ij fZl¥g£L¥ go¡fhkš ÏZl¥g£L¥ go¤jhš bt‰¿

ã¢ra«. vGÂ¥ gh®¥gJ ÃiHfis¤ jé®¡f cjÎ«.
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3 11th LBM/RA & IJK
ENGLISH MATERIAL
11th STANDARD
S.No CONTENT Q.No. Page

No.
PART-I (One Mark Questions) 20x1=20 1-20
1 Synonyms 1-3 5
2 Antonyms 4-6 5
3 Clipped words (72) 7-20 8
4 Abbreviations & Acronyms (39) 8
5 Articles and Determiners (10) 10
6 Blended Words 11
7 British English & American English 12
8 Compound Words (6) 13
9 Concord (80-81) 13
10 Conditional Clause (116-118) 14
11 Confusables (Homophones) (7-8, 71-72) 15
12 Conjunctions / Linkers 16
13 Euphemism 17
14 Idioms (32, 40, 64) 18
15 Modal & Semi-Modal Auxiliary Verbs (42-44) 20
16 Phrasal Verbs (112-113) 22
17 Prefix & Suffix (7, 39) 23
18 Prepositions (44-47) 23
19 Question Tags (120-121) 24
20 Spelling 26
21 Tenses (12-17) 27
22 Relative Pronoun 28
23 Sentence Pattern 28
24 Singular, Plural 29
25 Syllabification 30
26 Definition of terms (73, 101, 145) 31
27 Foreign Words (172) 33
Part-II (Two Mark Questions) 21-30
Section-1
Poem Appreciation Questions, and Poetic Devices 21-26 34
(Any 4 out of 6)
Section-2
Transformation of Sentences:- (Any 3 out of 4) 27-30
1 Active Voice and Passive Voice (77-79) 50
2 Degrees of Comparison 51
3 Reported Speech(148) 52
4 Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences 54
(175-176)
5 If Clauses 54
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Part-III (Three Mark Questions) 31-40

Section-1
Explain with Reference to the Context (Any 2 out of 3) 31-33 55
Section-2
Prose Questions& Answers (Any 2 out of 3) 34-36 57
Section-3
Answer any FOUR of the following:- 37-40
1 Drafting a Notice (12) 64
2 Drafting a Message 65
3 Drafting an Email (152) 65
4 Describing a Process (79-80) 65
5 Dialogue Writing/Extending a Dialogue (75, 113, 118-119) 66
6 Expanding News Headlines (78-79) 67
7 Non-Verbal Comprehension (52, 122) 68
8 Proverbs (187) 70
9 Slogan Writing 72
10 Editing a Passage (17-18) 74
Part-IV (Five Mark Questions) 41- 47
1 Prose Paragraph 41 75
2 Poem Paragraph 42 76
3 Supplementary Reader Paragraph 43 78
4 Article Writing (51-52) 79
5 General Paragraph (19,145,196) 80
6 General Prose Comprehension 81
7 General Poem Comprehension 82
8 Hints Development (177) 83
9 Letter Writing (153-155) 83
10 Note Making / Summary Writing 86
11 Report Writing (83-84) 87
12 Semantic Field (144) 87
13 Situational Dialogue 88
14 Spotting Errors 89
Model Question Paper 92
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PART – I
Choose the correct answer for each of the following from the options given.
(20x1=20)
SYNONYMS (Q.Nos 1-3) ; ANTONYMS (Q.Nos. 4-6)
Prose 1 THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY - KHUSWANT SINGH
S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

1 absurd = inconsistent/illogical x consistent/logical
2 fables = stories x facts
3 hobbled = walked unsteadily x able bodied/robust
4 puckered = wrinkled x smoothed
5 expanse = wide area x contraction
6 monotonous = boring x interesting
7 snapped = cut x combined
8 seclusion = isolation x assembly/company
9 bedlam = noisy confusion x peace/calm
10 perched = rested x moved
11 rebukes = scoldings x praises
12 dilapidated = damaged x undamaged
14 frivolous = non-serious/light minded x serious
15 moist = wet x arid
16 wrapped = covered/wrapped x uncovered/unwrapped
17 common = normal/regular x rare
18 omitted = excluded x included
19 protested = objected x accepted
20 serenity = calm x agitation
21 scattered = spread widely x gathered
Prose 2 THE QUEEN OF BOXING - M.C.MARY KOM

1 princely = very large x poor
2 appetite = hunger x
3 lauded = appreciated x criticized
4 conviction = belief x acquittal
5 elicitation = congratulation x
6 adulation = appreciation x disparagement
7 etched = imprinted x erased
8 speculation = guess x fact
9 haul = pull x push
10 amateur = nonprofessional x professional
11 traditional = long established x modern
12 meagre = trivial x copious
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13 adverse = unfavourable x favourable

14 risible = joking x serious
15 hopeful = optimistic x desperate
Prose 3 FORGETTING - ROBERT LYND

1 antipathy = dislike x like
2 reluctant = unwilling x willing/eager
3 exploits = daring x failures
4 abstracted = lacking concentration x attentive
5 prosaic = dull x interesting
6 mediocre = ordinary x extraordinary
7 fallible = capable of making mistakes x Infallible
8 audacious = bold x cowardly
9 indignant = angry x delighted
10 quivering = trembling x steady
11 vexation = annoyance x pleasure/delight
12 delinquent = misbehaved person x well behaved
13 seldom = rarely x often
14 admitted = accepted x denied
15 relish = enjoy/like x hate
16 fact = truth x fiction
17 vile = evil x good
Prose 4 TIGHT CORNERS - E.V.LUCAS

1 curious = interested x disinterested
2 contributing = giving x taking
3 congealed = thickened x liquefied
4 smothered = suppressed x publicized
5 nonchalantly = coolly x concerned
6 glibly = smoothly x hesitantly
7 rectitude = honesty x immorality
8 guile = cunning x innocent
9 indelible = cannot be removed x removable
10 sated = satisfied x dissatisfied
11 remote = far x near
12 bidding = commanding x obeying
13 confessing = revealing x concealing
14 dazed = confused x clear headed
15 persuaded = lead to do x dissuaded/prevent
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Prose 5 THE CONVOCATION ADDRESS - Dr.ANNADURAI

1 conferred = granted x retrieved
2 reiterate = do again x
3 enunciated = spoke clearly x blabbered
4 rugged = tough x smooth
5 repositories = storehouses x
6 emissaries = ambassadors x
7 robust = strong x weak
8 confronting = resisting x avoiding
9 cloistered = restricted x unrestricted
10 perseverance = continued effort x laziness
11 inherent = inborn x acquired
12 perils = dangers x safety
13 indebted = obliged x ungrateful
14 replenish = refill x deplete
15 endowed = gifted x deprived
Prose 6 THE ACCIDENTAL TOURIST - BILL BRYSON

1 yanked = pulled x pushed
2 consternation = worry x fearlessness
3 extravagantly = excessively x economically
4 disgorging = discharging x charging
5 gashed = cut x uncut
6 exasperation = irritation x better
7 catastrophe = disaster x
8 abruptly = suddenly x gradually
9 lavish = rich and expensive x frugal
10 oblivion = unconsciousness x awareness
11 recline = lean back x stand
12 suave = polite x impolite
13 urbane = refined x unsophisticated
14 venerable = valued x disreputable
15 zillion = large number x few
Model Questions:-
Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined lexical item in each of
the following sentences.
……. that they only drink it in order to be warmed and stimulated.
a) admired b) motivated c) comforted d) welcomed
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8 11th LBM/RA & IJK
Choose the most accurate of the four given words which is opposite to the usage
of the underlined word in the following sentences.
One night, we came upon them in the windy and deserted square.
a) crowded b) secured c) fertile d) desolate
CLIPPED WORDS (XI TB p.72)
1 aeroplane plane 17 examination exam

2 demarcate mark 18 perambulator pram
3 chimpanzee chimp 19 photograph photo
4 microphone mike 20 cafeteria cafe
5 gasoline gas 21 helicopter copter
6 telephone phone 22 university varsity
7 memorandum memo 23 influenza flu
8 hippopotamus hippo 24 bridegroom groom
9 fanatic fan 25 demonstration demo
10 refrigerator fridge 26 champion champ(Mar20)
11 signature sign 27 advertisement ad
12 agriculture agri 28 discotheque disco
13 gymnasium gym 29 hamburger burger
14 mathematics maths 30 laboratory lab
15 paragraph para 31 spectacles specs
16 suitcase case 32
`Model Question:-
Choose the clipped form of ‘perambulator’.
a) pram b) peram c) ramter d) rambul
Answer all the questions (Q.Nos. 7-20) 14 x 1= 14
ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS (XI TB P.39)

CPU : Central Processing Unit
CBSE : Central Board of Secondary Education
ECG : Electro Cardio Gram
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
GST : Goods and Services Tax
GPS : Global Positioning System
IELTS : International English Language Testing System
ISD : International Subscriber Dialing
ICU : Intensive Care Unit
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9 11th LBM/RA & IJK
IIM : Indian Institute of Management

IIT : Indian Institute of Technology
ITI : Industrial Training Institute
LED : Light Emitting Diode
LCD : Liquid Crystal Display
MBA : Master of Business Administration
MHRD : Ministry of Human Resource Development
MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NSS : National Service Scheme
NGO : Non Governmental Organisation
NCC : National Cadet Corps
NRI : Non Resident Indian
PTA : Parent Teacher Association
STD : Subscriber Trunk Dialing
TNPSC : Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language (Mar 2020)
BCCI : Board of Control for Cricket in India
USA : United States of America
RSC : Referee Stopped Contest
AIBA : Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur
TTE : Train Ticket Examiner
EMI : Equated Monthly Instalment
SSC : Staff Selection Commission
NEP : New Education Policy/National Education Policy
HDTV : High Definition Television
TIN : Trade Index Number
UPSC : Union Public Service Commission
VAT : Value Added Tax
NEET : National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
JEE : Joint Entrance Exam
BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation
ATM : Automated Teller Machine
UPS : Uninterrupted Power Supply
SOP : Standard Operating Procedure
SIM : Subscriber Identification Module
PAN : Permanent Account Number
PIN : Postal Index Number / Personal Index Number
ATM : Automated Teller Machine
IAS : Indian Administrative Service
Model Question:-
Choose the correct expansion of the acronym ‘TOEFL’.
a) Testing of Energy, Fuel and Liquid
b) Test of Engineering for Fundamental learners
c) Testing of Education for Foreign Learners
d) Test of English as a Foreign Language
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ARTICLES & DETERMINERS (XI TB P.10,11)

Read the paragraph below and fill in the blanks using a, an, and the: - (XI TB p.10)
It is said that a computer is an electronic extension of human brain. Therefore, in
principle a computer can do all those activities which a human brain can do. Today
computers are found to be the most useful devices as knowledge providers. Another
important field of application of computer is the development of robots. The internet has
brought a drastic change in communication system.
In our family, we have planned to take children to a zoo the next Sunday. A van
has been arranged. We are sure to have a comfortable journey. The zoo is an interesting
place for children who enjoy watching animals and want to know more about them. Even
the youngsters love to visit the zoo.
ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners. (XI TB p.11)

Once an emperor gave a bag of seeds to his council of ministers and said that he would
give them six months’ time to grow the seeds. Whoever does a good job will be made
the next emperor of that empire. All the ministers took their task seriously. After six
months many ministers had small plants in their pots. A few had very large plants. Some
had medium sized plants. The emperor entered the hall. He was much amused to see
the plants. He called the first minister and asked him what he did with the seed. The
minister explained the process he adopted to make his plant grow. The emperor called
all the other ministers to explain what they did. Only a minister had come with an empty
pot. They laughed loudly at the foolishness of this minister. But the emperor applauded
him and made him the next emperor. Do you know why? He had given them boiled
seeds which will not grow. Only that minister was honest.
Fill in the blanks with articles

A computer can do all those activities which a human brain can do.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners: (XI TB p.11)

1. They came out early but there was little (little/a little) work to do.
2. Anand invited a few (few/a few) friends for the birthday party.
3. The teacher gave every (all/every) student a separate topic for the assignment.
4. Most of (Most of/Many) the water overflowed from the tank.
5. Each one of my friends (friend/friends) had wished me on my birthday.
6. Vijay had no (no/any) idea about the problem.
7. Aadhi had taken many (much/many) photos during the programme.
8. Some (some/few) girls who attended the class informed three others about the test.
9. The team performed a great deal of / a good deal of / the whole / the great / each /
every task in an excellent manner. (Fill in the blank with a quantitative determiner.) (Mar
2020)
Model Questions:-
1. Complete the following sentences using appropriate determiners.
Only ____ people can afford to buy a flat in Chennai.
a) Few b) a few c) many d) little
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2. Complete the following sentence using appropriate articles.

Please give me ______ ice cube.
a) A b) an c) the d) none
BLENDED WORDS
Form a blended word using the words given below.
Eg: splash + sputter = splutter
1. alphabetic + numeric = alphanumeric
2. breakfast + lunch = brunch
3. camera + recorder = camcorder
4. mechanics + electronics = mechatronics
5. news + broadcast = newscast
6. smoke + fog = smog
7. binary + digit = bit
8. electronic + mail = email
9. foreign + exchange = forex
10. motor + pedal = moped
11. parachute + troop = paratroop
Additional:-
1. breakfast + lunch = brunch
2. documentary + drama = docudrama
3. education + entertainment = edutainment
4. education + satellite = edusat
5. electro + execute = electrocute
6. helicopter + airport = heliport
7. international + police = Interpol
8. information + technology = infotech
9. lecture + demonstration = lecdem
10. melody+ drama = melodrama
11. motorway + hotel = motel
12. medical + care = medicare
13. news + broadcast = newscast
14. smoke + fog = smog
15. television + broadcast = telecast
16. travel + catalogue = travelogue
17. vegetable + hamburger = vegeburger
18. teleprinter + exchange = telex
19. technology + wizard = technowizard
20. information + commercial = infomercial
21. electronic + mail = email
22. high + technology = hitech
23. information + systems = Infosys
24. internal + communication = intercom
25. smack + mash = smash
26. sky + laboratory = skylab
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27. science + fiction = scifi

28. modulator + demodulator = modem
29. diplomacy + economics = diplonomics
30. information + technology = infotech
Model Question:-
Choose the blended word of ‘high’ and ‘technology’.
a) hitech b) hitechno c) hiology d) high-tech
BRITISH ENGLISH & AMERICAN ENGLISH
British American British American

autumn fall odour odor
apologise apologize parlour parlor
dust Bin garbage can pavement sidewalk
chips French chips pull over sweater
colour color post mail
flat apartment programme program
fully completely queue line (Mar 2020)
ground floor first floor sweets candies
holiday vacation timetable schedule
happy joyful underground subway
indicator turn signal windscreen windshield
lift elevator waistcoat vest
loo toilet theatre theater
biscuit cookie crisps potato chips
film movie mobile phone cell phone
nappy diaper paraffin kerosene
parking lot car park balcony gallery
cooker stove foot ball soccer
garden yard goods freight
gum glue jam jelly
lift elevator hand bag purse
indicator turn signal jug pitcher
lorry truck luggage baggage
torch flash light purse wallet
queue line shop store
sweet candy tap faucet
taxi cab terminus depot
tin can wash basin sink
Model Question:-
Choose the correct American English word for ‘queue’.
a) straight b) level c) line d) order
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COMPOUND WORDS (XI TB P.6)
Compound word Combination Compound word Combination

bee hive noun+noun over straining adverb+gerund
court yard noun+noun sun set noun+verb
door knob noun+noun sing song verb+noun
eye lashes noun+noun spot less noun+adjective
gentle folk adjective+noun spinning wheel gerund+noun
grand mother adjective+noun toll plaza noun+noun
home coming noun+gerund toll gate noun+noun
half hour noun+noun water proof noun+noun
mantel piece noun+noun good will/time adjective+Noun
Model Question:-
Choose the correct combination for the compound word ‘milchcow’.
a) noun+noun b) adverb+noun c) noun+adjective d) adjective+noun
CONCORD (XI TB P.80-81)

Examples (XI TB p.81)
1. Rekha and her sisters watch television every day.
2. Ravi does not like sports.
3. My classmates study before a test.
4. One of the cookies is missing.
5. A lady with the cats lives in that big house.
6. Measles is very serious.
7. The committee decides when to adjourn.
8. Our team is the best.
9. Either of these is suitable.
10. Everybody enjoys a good song.
11. Where do the deer and the antelope play?
12. It was created in 1872.
13. Parts of the park are his Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.
14. The park is a safe place for many animals.
15. Bears, mouse, buffalo, deer and antelope live there.
16. Beavers, otters, fish, and eagles also enjoy the park.
17. For them, Yellowstone is “home, sweet home”.
Model Question:-
Choose the correct option and complete the sentence.
Manoj ___ (was,were) present along with his parents.
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CONDITIONAL CLAUSE (XI TB P.116-118)
Condition Result
If + sub+verb (present) will/can + root verb
If + sub+verb (past) would/could + root verb
If + sub+had+ pp would/could/should/might have + pp
Example
1. If you stand in the rain, you get wet.
2. If you heat ice, it melts.
3. If it rains, we will cancel the trip
4. If you study, you will pass the exam
5. If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot
6. If they sold their houses, they would be rich
7. If you had studied, you would have passed the exam
8. If I hadn’t been sick, I would have gone to your party.
9. If I had won (win) that much money, I would have quit (quit) my job the next day.
10. If I had wanted (want) anything, I would have bought (buy) it.
11. If I had seen (see) a Mercedes that I wanted, I would have bought (buy) it.
12. If anybody needs (need) help, I will take care (take) of their needs.
13. If I won (win) that much money, I wouldn’t keep it all for myself.
i) Complete the following with appropriate conditional clauses. (XI TB p.117)

a) We will miss our train, if we are late.
b) Jayashree would travel to France, if she got her visa.
c) People get sun-burnt, if they stand in the sun.
d) Vicky would have passed, if he had studied well.
e) I wouldn’t refuse, if you offered it.
f) Sundar would have waited, if we had informed him about our arrival.
g) Vijayshree will be busy, if she starts her household work.
h) Adhvika will not go to play, if it rains.
ii) Complete the following paragraph. (XI TB p.117)

Did you hear about that boy who won one crore in a game show? If I won (win) that much
money, I would quit (quit) my job the next day. I would travel (travel) round the world
and would stay (stay) in the most luxurious hotels. If I wanted (want) anything, I would
buy (buy) it. If I saw (see) a Mercedes that I wanted, I would buy (buy) it. I could do
(can) do anything in the world if I had (have) one crore rupees. Oh, I am starting to sound
a little materialistic. Well, I would do (do) good things with the money as well. If anybody
needed (need) help, I would take (take) care of their needs. I would donate (donate)
money to charities. I would give (give) money to help support the arts. If I won (win) that
much money, I wouldn’t keep (keep) it all for myself. I would help (help) as many people
as possible.
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Model Question:-
Fill in the blanks:-
If I ___ (be verb) a bird, I would fly.
CONFUSABLES/HOMOPHONES (XI TB P.7-8, 71-72)

Homophones (XI TB p.7 & 8)
1. We have a short break between the sessions. (,ilntsp)

2. The car skidded to a halt when I applied the brake. (Ntfj;jLg;ghd;)
3. Shivani wears a belt around her waist. (,il)
4. We should never misuse or waste natural resources. (tPzb)
5. Oxygen is the principal element present in the earth’s crust. (Kjd;ik> Kf;fpak;)
6. Both these machines work on the same principle. (Nfhl;ghL)
7. Turtles should be bred in a healthy environment. (tsh;f;fg;gLjy;)
8. I like to have toasted bread for breakfast. (nuhl;b)
9. This medicine will lessen your pain. (Fiwj;jy;)
10. Finally, the manager learnt a lesson the hard way. (ghlk;)
11. The child looks very sick and pale. (ntspwpg;Nghd)
12. I need a pail of water to wash these cups. (thsp)
13. Ravi picked the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin. (vwpjy;)
14. The soldiers had to pass through a dark tunnel. (topahf)
15. The corpse was covered with a shroud. (gpzk;)
16. A five-day annual training camp for the senior cadets of the National Cadet corps
has been organized. (gil)
17. The bugle is banned in our school band. (band/banned) (jilnra;ag;gl;l/,irf;FO)
18. The little girl did not realize how her hair got so knotty. (naughty / knotty) (FWk;G
/Kbr;R) (Mar 2020)
XI TB p.71 & 72
Complete the sentences by choosing a suitable word from those given in the
brackets. (XI TB p.72)
i) Nobody can say whether there will be an improvement in the weather. (whether /
weather)
ii) Your ring is loose. Do not lose it. (loose / lose)
iii) We found a packet of biscuits in the old man’s shirt pocket. (pocket / packet)
iv) When the pole vaulter cleared 28 feet, it was declared a record feat. (feet / feat)
v) Explain the quote ‘Cut your coat according to your cloth.’ (coat / quote)
vi) The stranger paused for a few minutes before he passed my house. (paused /
passed)
vii) The wiry dancer turned weary after the final performance. (weary / wiry)
viii) The chain that I presented to my sister was not made of gold; it was just gilt. I am
suffering from a sense of guilt. (guilt / gilt)
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Additional:-
desert (ghiytd«) dessert (gHtif) yearn (tpUk;G) urn (FLit)

fairy (njtij) fiery (beU¥ghd) grown (ts®ªj) groan (KzFjš)
hoard (gJ¡F) horde (k¡fŸ FG) medal (gj¡f«) meddle (FH¥ò)
might (tèik) mite (e‹bfhil) night (ÏuÎ) knight (Åu‹)
plain (rkjs«) plane (thDh®Â) quiet (mikÂ) quite (KGtJ«)
sweet (Ïå¥ò) suite (miw) wallet (gz¥ig) valet (cjéahs®)
wait (fh¤ÂU) weight (vil) yoke (Ef¤jo) yolk (kŠrŸfU)
feet (ghj«) feat (rhjid) face (Kf«) phase (ãiy)
sort (tif) sought (njLjš) hair (Ko) heir (thçR)
Model Question:-
Fill in the blanks with suitable homophones.
An ____ scientist warned about the ____ dangers of today. (imminent, eminent)
CONJUNCTIONS / LINKERS
Choose the appropriate linkers from within the brackets and complete the
sentences.
I could not complete my paper in the examination because (because, but) I was slow in
answering the questions.
It started raining, so (yet, so) we could not play.
As (As, If) I got up early, I managed to reach school on time.
Though (Though / whereas) he committed a mistake, he apologized and (and / since)
promised that he would not repeat it.
This is how (how / what) it must be done.
The vendor saw the train moving slowly from the platform, therefore (therefore / until) he
got in.
I was not well, so (but / so) I did not attend the class.
(If, Although) Although she can drive, she travels by bus.
(If / Unless) Unless you register your name, you cannot participate in the competitions.
(As soon as / Besides) As soon as my father arrived home, I narrated the incident.
Be quick to hear and (then / and) slow to speak
I am neither (neither / either) an ascetic in theory nor (nor / or) in practice.
We fail to harness the rain water, consequently (consequently, nevertheless) we suffer.
My brother will certainly clear GRE for (yet / for) he works very hard.
Combine the sentences and rewrite them using the words given in the brackets.
The well was deep. Therefore, the fox could not get out of the well (because)
Ans.: The fox could not get out of the well because the well was deep.
The work was over. We went home (when)
Ans.: When the work was over, we went home.
16
A library is a public place. We see a number of books kept there for reading (where)
Ans.: A library is a public place where we see a number of books kept for reading.
The culprit was caught. Immediately, he was taken to the police station. (as soon as)
Ans.: As soon as the culprit was caught, he was taken to the police station.
The boys were stealing mangoes from a grove. At that time, the owner of the grove came
in. (while)
Ans.: While the boys were stealing mangoes from a grove, the owner of the grove came
in.
Artificially flavoured juices are hazardous to health. Moreover, they lead to kidney
problems. (and)
Ans.: Artificially flavoured juices are hazardous to health and they lead to kidney
problems.
Adit has been promoted. Ranjan has been promoted. (as well as)
Ans.: Adit as well as Ranjan has been promoted.
Caesar was declared emperor. The conspirators killed him. (After)
Ans.: After Caesar was declared emperor, the conspirators killed him.
Task – 3
Fill in the blanks with appropriate correlative conjunctions.
She is such an understanding person that everybody likes to be with her.
Suraj owns both a typewriter and a computer. (both … and)
Vani is not only a good singer but also a good dancer. (not only … but also)
Amit did not know whether his father met his class teacher or not
I would rather starve than beg.
EUPHEMISM
The term Euphemism refers to polite, indirect expressions that replace words and
phrases considered harsh and impolite, or which suggest something unpleasant.
e.g When we wish to refer to a person as an old, we use the term ‘senior citizen’ instead
of ‘old’.
Impolite Polite(Euphemism) Impolite Polite(Euphemism)

jail correctional facility unemployed between jobs
disabled differently abled poor economically
disadvantaged
second-hand pre-owned blind visually challenged
undertaker mortician lavatory rest room
housewife homemaker poor in the low income level
beating with a corporal punishment slow learners late bloomers
cane
fat full figured handicapped physically challenged
17
Model Question:-
The euphemistic word for ‘fat’ is ___.
a) Full figured b) bulky c) full sized d) full pledged
IDIOMS (XI TB P.32,40,64,111-112,173)

XI TB p.32
a) on the beat : on duty walking around the assigned area
b) a guardian of peace : a policeman
c) arm in arm : with arms linked together
d) plainclothes man : a policeman in civilian clothes while on duty
XI TB p.40, 111, 112, 173
Meaning
Idiom Idiom Meaning
Throw in the towel To give up In our corner On your side in on
argument or dispute
On the ropes A state of near Below the belt Unfair or unsporting
collapse or defeat behaviour
Square off Prepare for a Alarm bells ringing Sign of something
conflict going wrong
Back to the wall In a serious Grasp/clutch at Try any method to
difficulty straws overcome a crisis;
Save by the bell Help at the last Hang out to dry Abandoning one
movement rescuing who is in difficulty
one from a difficult
situation
Right up one’s Very suitable for Drive one up the Make one crazy or
alley you because you wall angry/make one
are interested in irritated
it/appeals strongly
Hit the road Start travelling by Take one for a ride Cheat
road/ begin the (Mar 2020) somebody/deceive
journey again
/leave a place
In panic mode In great fear Tight corners Critical situations
Shot his bolt Use all your In a nice pickle In a difficult or
money, power or unpleasant situation
supplies
Have cold feet Be afraid By the skin of one’s a narrow escape
teeth
18
XI TB p.64
on approval : authoritative recognition
a rustic holiday : leisure time in rural areas
a double-distilled idiot : an idiot with great folly
a tinge of coldness : slight indifference
making up forthe lost time: compensating the time lost
Additional:-
Idioms Meanings
1 save one’s skin to protect oneself from difficulty
2 make both ends meet manage one’s expenses within one’s income
3 a bolt out of a clear sky (Mar 20) a sudden unexpected event or news
4 go to grave to exit the world
5 have the whip hand to be the most powerful
6 under a cloud viewed with suspicion and distrust
7 wait for the dust to settle to wait for a situation to become clear
8 get / have all your ducks in a row to have made all the preparations needed to
do something
9 fetch and carry to do a lot of little jobs for somebody
10 do the math to think carefully about something before
doing it
11 round the corner very near
12 break the ice changing the serious situation
13 the icing on the cake additional happy news
14 let down disappointed
15 chuckled to himself laughed softly to himself
16 take cheer to be encouraged
17 raise the devil to complain or scold
18 black with anger become enraged
19 take chances try one’s luck / take a risk
20 nip in the bud stop at the very beginning
21 under the sun anywhere on earth
22 in deep waters in big trouble
23 apple of one’s eye one’s favourite person
24 out of the blue as a total surprise
25 two sides of the same coin two contracting characters in the same
category
26 pick someone’s brains use someone’s ideas
27 a drop in the ocean unimportant
28 to give a piece of mind to criticize someone
29 to be at loggerheads to disagree strongly
30 to be on cloud nine to be extremely happy
31 a bolt from the blue an unexpected event
32 a yellow streak cowardice in one’s character
19
Model Question:-
Choose the suitable meaning for the idiom found in the following sentence.
Eleventh hour preparation will not help the students.
a) till 11 p.m b) at the last moment c) much in advance d) late at night
MODAL AND SEMI/QUASI MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS (XI TB P.42-44)

Fill in the blanks with suitable modal/semi-modal verbs:-
• We should not touch these chemicals.
• We should be aware of the falling material.
• We should not loiter in this area.
• You may fall down if you walk on the slippery floor.
• We ought to buckle up the safety belt.
• You may contact us for further details.
• You must follow the instructions / One ought to use the fire exit in case of
emergency.
• Trespassers will be prosecuted.
• One ought to save energy when not in use.
• This way must be used only for exit.
• One ought to bend knees while lifting.
Examples: (XII TB p.13)

1. I can speak English.
2. Can I go to the library?
3. Can you wait a moment, please?
4. I can lend you my pen.
5. I could speak English.
6. Could you wait a moment, please?
7. It may rain today.
8. May I go to the Cinema?
9. It might rain today.
10. I must go to the supermarket today.
11. You must read the new novel by Bhagat.
12. Shall I carry your bag?
13. You should drive carefully on the highway.
14. You should switch off the lights when you leave the class room
15. Would you please shut the door?
16. I think it will rain on Friday
17. Can somebody take me to the hospital? I will
18. Would you shut the door, please?
19. Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.
20. You ought to submit your assignment on time.
21. We ought to help the needy.
22. We ought to hire some furniture for the party.
20
23. My grandfather used to walk for long hours, when he was young.
24. I need to buy a packet of milk
25. We need to keep our environment clean
26. I dare not go out in the dark
27. How dare you enter my room?
28. My sister used to dance so well, when she was in school. (use a semi modal
verb)(Mar 2020)
Task – 1 (XII Page No. 14)

1. The candidates should / must answer five out of ten questions.
2. How dare you open my bag?
3. Tajudeen will finish this work by Monday.
4. Shall I go to school today? / May I go to school today?
5. I wish you would tell me the truth.
6. Poonam could not catch the bus yesterday.
7. People who live in glass houses should / must not throw stones.
8. You need not go to the market as I have brought vegetables.
9. Should you have taken all this trouble?
10. You must be joking.
11. I tried to climb up the tree, but could not.
12. Hima Das ran so fast that she could win the medal.
13. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
14. I would like to have a cup of coffee.
15. My grandfather used to visit this temple when he was young.
Task – 2 (XII Page No. 14)

1. You ought to help the needy.
2. If I were you, I would not behave like that.
3. I will never tell a lie.
4. My uncle might have reached by now.
5. The patient is critical. He must be taken to the hospital.
6. I used to play hockey when I was a student.
7. You should / must not attend my class
8. He might / may come today
9. You ought to follow the traffic rules
10. He will play the match
11. You should not waste time on it.
12. Had the doctor come in time, he would have saved the patient.
Model Question:-
Fill in the blank with a suitable semi modal verb. (March 2020)
My sister ___ dance so well, when she was in school.
a) Dare b) ought to c) used to d) need
21
PHRASAL VERBS (XI TB P.112-113)
Phrasal verb Meaning Phrasal verb Meaning

Look into Examine/investigate Look at Examine what action to
take
Blew up (Mar 20) Exploded Look through Go through / study
Run over knock down a Run away Take flight /escape
person/ animal with
a vehicle/rehearse
Run into Collide with/ incur Put on Wear
debt
Put off Cancel/postpone Put up display
Stand for Endure /symbol for Stand up Be resistant/act in
support of
Stand by Support or remain
loyal to/adhere to/
abide by
S.No Phrasal verb Meaning S.No Phrasal verb Meaning

1 cut off discontinue 21 come upon meet by chance
2 put out stop burning 22 draw up prepare
3 pass out faint 23 take off depart
4 turn away refuse 24 stand by support
5 bank on depend 25 put on wear
6 put off postpone 26 put down control
7 put up with tolerate 27 take off start
8 take away remove 28 break out appear suddenly
9 break down fail 29 call on visit
10 call off cancel 30 call for demand
11 carry away take away 31 give away distribute
12 give out omit 32 give up stop
13 give in submit 33 give over hand over
14 go away leave 34 go against oppose
15 look after take care 35 look for search
16 look up refer 36 look into examine
17 look out careful 37 see off say goodbye
18 stop over stay for short time 38 set off start
19 get in arrive inside 39 get off leave
20 check in arrive and register 40 check out pay and vacate
22
Model Question:-
Replace the underlined word with a suitable phrasal verb.
The fire was extinguished by the fire brigade.
a) put off b) put on c) put out d) put in
PREFIX & SUFFIX (XI TB P.7,39)
Prefix Suffix
Dis- Dishonesty - ence Difference
Dis- Dishonest - ful Peaceful
Dis- Disapprove -ful Beautiful
Dis- Disrespect -ic Classic
Dis- Disagree -ify Classify
Dis- Disobedient -ion Collection
Dis- Discontinue -ly Constantly
Dis- Disadvantage -ment Arrangement
Il- Illegitimate -ment Management
In- Inactive - or Narrator
In- Indirect -or Collector
In- Indecent -tion Narration
In- Inaudible -val Approval
In- Infinite/inexpensive -y Honesty
Ir- Irrational
Ir- Irregular
Mis- Mismanage
Re- Rearrange
Un- Unaware
Un- Uncomfortable
Un- Unnecessary
Un- Unfortunate
Un- Unbeatable
In-, -de, -re Inanimate, Deanimate,
Reanimate (Mar 2020)
Model Question:-
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the underlined word.
It is rather an expensive compliment.
a) non- b) un- c) in- d) dis-
PREPOSITION (XI TB P.44-47)
about g‰¿ above nkny across FW¡nf

after ÃwF along têahf among Ïilna
before K‹nd behind Ã‹nd below ÑnH
between Ïilæš down ÑnH in front of K‹nd
23
into cŸns near mU»š of cila

off ãW¤J over nkny through têahf
under ÑnH up nkny upon ÛJ
with cl‹ beside mU»š since ÏUªJ
in (place) cŸns at (place) ¡FŸ; on (place) nkny
in (time) Ïš; at (time) ¡F on (time) m‹W
for (noun) ¡fhf by (place) mUnf from ÏUªJ
for (time) Mf by (time) ¡FŸ; since ÏUªJ
to (place) ¡F to (time) tiu to (noun) ¡F
XI TB p.47
• I put the book _______ the table. upon
• Please treat us _______ equals. as
• Dessert will be served _______ dinner. after
• My house is _______ the school. near
• We walked _______ the store. to
• No eating _______ class. during
• The book fell _______ my desk. off
• I will not leave _______ the speech is finished. until
• The store is open everyday _______ Sunday. but
• The dog is _______ the house. outside
• The cat is hiding _______ my bed. below
• The cat jumped _______ the dog. over
• He is hiding _______ the bookcase. behind
• Dinner is _______ the table. on
• I put my hands _______ my pockets. inside
• We will eat _______ the play. before
• The cat is sleeping _______ the bed. under
• This letter is _______ my aunt. from
• We ran _______ the other kids. past
• We fought _________ the measure. against
• The cat jumped _________ the table. on to
• The cat climbed _________ the tree. up
• My story is shorter _________ yours. than
• Cats are _________ dogs. unlike
• Put the cookie _________ the jar. into
• Let’s walk _________ the park. through
• The vegetables were planted ________ the apple tree. beside
• Banu sings _________ a bird. like
• My story is _________ my pets. about
• Subash is the president _________ our class. of
• We live _________ the river. by
• Let’s walk _________ class together. into
24
• The bank is _________ the park. opposite

• We live _________ the city limits. within
• I saw John waving _________ the crowd. above
• I am more cautious _________ the fall. since
• I have a present _________ you. for
• We strolled _________ the river. along
• He ran _________ us. between
• The leaves had collected _______ the trees beneath
Model Question:-
Fill in the blanks with the most suitable preposition.
The tea should be put straight …. the pot.
a) over b) on c) into d) in
QUESTION TAG (XI TB P.120-121)

XI TB p.120 Examples:
1. You are a student, aren’t you?
2. Ajith is not a lawyer, is he?
3. Lawrence saw the snake, didn’t he?
4. Joshi attends the class regularly, doesn’t she?
XI TB p.121 Exercises:
1. Cities are increasingly becoming urbanized, aren’t they?
2. They experiment with ways to improve air quality, don’t they?
3. The aim should be to reduce congestion, shouldn’t it?
4. There is an urgent need, isn’t there?
5. Automation and shared mobility will play a key role, won’t they?
6. It changes the way people commute in cities, doesn’t it?
7. Before long, a fleet of electric vehicles could drive people, couldn’t they?
8. He isn’t well, is he?
9. Close the door, will you?
10. Let’s clean the house, shall we?
11. These shared AVs will run at higher utilization rates, won’t they?
12. They can substantially reduce the cost of mobility and congestion, can’t they?
13. These should not be thought of us luxury but as necessity, should they?
XII TB p.79-81
1. Mr. Ranjith is a great scholar, isn’t he?
2. You can complete this project in a week, can’t you?
3. Ahalya will never accept your proposal, will she?
4. Mahathi sings very well, doesn’t she?
5. These girls sing very well, don’t they?
6. Mahathi sang very well yesterday, didn’t she?
7. These girls sang very well yesterday, didn’t they?
25
1. Please, bring me a glass of water, would you? (polite request)

2. Always follow the traffic rules, would you? (obligation)
3. Join us for lunch tomorrow, will you? (invitation)
4. Don’t ever meddle with my papers, will you? (warning)
5. The young should learn to take up responsibilities, shouldn’t they?
6. The toys in the box are not new, are they?
7. Nobody has arrived yet, have they?
8. Everyone will attend the party, won’t they?
9. The peacock is the national bird of India, isn’t it?
10. The blue frock was more expensive than the pink one, wasn’t it?
11. Something has gone wrong in the circuit, hasn’t it?
12. This is not your dad’s car, is it?
13. There is not much time left, is there?
14. There was a pond beside the temple, wasn’t there?
15. We rarely visit our native town,do we?
16. Ajith seldom speaks in English, does he?
17. A few germs can be viewed through this microscope, can’t they?
18. Little do your parents know about this problem, do they?
19. I am a very honest and humble being, aren’t I?
20. Let’s close our eyes and meditate for some time, shall we?
21. Let’s all go to the beach this evening, shall we?
22. Neither of my two brothers helped me in that situation, did they?
23. All of us are not eligible to apply for this course, are we?
a little / a very little / a few/ a very few------ take negative tag
Model Question:-
Choose the correct question tag for the following statement.
The story tries to relate history to science, ……….?
a) is it b) isn’t it c) does it d) doesn’t it
SPELLING (XII TB P.224, 229-231)

Task 1 – (XII TB p.224
Encircle the word that has been spelt correctly, in each pair below.
Wrong Right Wrong Right Wrong Right

beleive believe seperate separate asisstant assistant
hippocrites hypocrites secretery secretary bouyantly buoyantly
neccessary necessary evolusion evolution atheletics athletics
wearhouse warehouse contemtuosly contemptuously indespensible indispensable
tommorrow tomorrow foreign foreign dysentry dysentery
lieing lying concience conscience competant competent
plaesant pleasant choclate chocolate awefully awfully
amatuer amateur
26
Model Question:-
Pick out the correct spelling for the underlined word in the given sentence.
My friend is coming tommorrow.
a) tomorrow b) tomorow c) tomrow d) tomoorow
TENSES (XII TB P.10-12)
Tense Present Past Future

Simple Usually, generally, Yesterday, last … Tomorrow, next …,
often, daily, every, soon, shortly, in a
always, rarely etc. few …
Continuous Now, at present, at When, while By this time next …,
this moment
Perfect Already, just now, When, after, before -
just, yet, so far,
recently
Perfect Continuous Since, for the past - -
Use the verbs given in brackets in the following sentences in their correct forms.
1. I like (like) to spend my time with my friend, whenever I am (be) free.
2. He is (be) likely to miss the bus. He runs (run) up to the station.
3. At the moment, they are waiting (wait) at the bus stop. But I do not know (not
know) their plans for the journey.
4. They firmly believe (believe) in the existence of God.
5. We hear (hear) a lot of noise because the new buildings transmit (transmit) sound
vacant.
6. She always makes (make) excuses for coming late.
7. The Prime Minister is leaving (leave) for America to meet the delegates tomorrow.
8. I had never seen (see) such a beautiful sunrise before I came (come) here.
9. We were (be) not able to stay overnight as we hadn’t reserved (reserve) the tickets
in advance.
10. Nirmala had been (be) to the concert several times.
11. Mariappan knew (know) Pudukkottai so well because he had lived (live) there for
five years.
12. Yusuf understood the problem because he had experienced (experience) the
situation earlier.
13. Catherine did not have any cash because she had lost (lose) her purse.
14. My father had been (be) to Mumbai once before.
15. The cat had chased (chase) the bird it when flew (fly) out of the yard.
16. Edith had visited (visit) several doctors before she found (find) out what the
problem was with her knee.
17. If we had called (call) the manager ahead, we would not have needed (need) to
wait so long for a table.
18. As the shops were closed (close), we could not buy anything for the children. (Mar
2020)
27
RELATIVE PRONOUN
S.No Condition Relative Pronoun

1 person ........ person whom
2 person ....... person/thing whose
3 person ........ verb who
4 thing ........ which/that
5 place ....... where
6 Time when
7 Reason why
Examples:-
1. This is the boy who won the race
2. Show me the book that/which you bought yesterday.
3. Is there anyone who can help me do this homework?
4. That is the house where I was born.
5. The wrong deeds that/ which we do are more often remembered than our good
ones.
6. My friend whose father works in Agra has come.
7. Most of the friends whom she had invited came for her wedding
8. The film is about a leader who led the freedom struggle.
9. Kumarasamy whose house I live in owns most of the mills in this town.
10. Shakespeare, who lived in the 16th century, is considered to be the greatest
dramatist.
Model Question:-
Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun for the following sentence.
Ram …….. house we live in, is an engineer.
a) whom b) which c) who d) whose
SENTENCE PATTERN
SV - We played.
SVA - We played yesterday.
SVOA - We played cricket yesterday.
ASVO - Yesterday we played cricket.
SVO - We played cricket.
SVIODO - Ram gave me a bat.
SVIODOA - Ram gave me a bat yesterday.
ASVIODO - Yesterday Ram gave me a bat.
SVC - Ram is tall.
SVCA - Ram is tall now.
SVOC - We elected him captain.
SVOCA - We elected him captain yesterday.
ASVOC - Yesterday we elected him captain.
ASVC - Yesterday I was tired.
28
ASVA - Yesterday I came to school.

SVAA - I came to school yesterday.
Model Question:-
Identify the sentence pattern of the following sentence.
The birds are flying gracefully in the sky.
a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVOC d) SVCA
SINGULAR- PLURAL
Rules:-
The words that end with ‘um/on’ drop ‘um/on’ and take ‘a’ with them.
um/on - a e.g datum – data,
us - i e.g radius –radii, syllabus-syllabi
is - es e.g axis-axes ,analysis - analyses
a - ae e.g formula – formulae
x - es ,ces e.g matrix – matrices, index - indices
f/fe - ves e.g leaf –leaves
y - (s) or (ies) e.g key-keys, butterfly-butterflies
if there is a consonant prior to y then remove y and add ‘ies’.
if there is a vowel prior to y then add ‘s’.
oo - ee eg. Foot-feet, tooth-teeth
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

analysis analyses index indexes axis axes
alumnus alumni ox oxen matrix matrixes
agendum agenda stimulus stimuli potato potatoes
brush brushes syllabus syllabi bacterium bacteria
(Mar 2020)
butterfly butterflies radius radii basis bases
bench benches key keys formula formulae
child children terminus termini criterion criteria
curriculum curricula nucleus nuclei fungus fungi
deer deer ultimatum ultimate memorandu memoranda
m
stadium stadia stratum strata medium media
phenomenon phenomena erratum errata hypothesis hypotheses
father-in-law fathers-in- datum data man men
law
mouse Mice louse lice fish fish
foot feet goose geese
Model Question:-
Choose the correct singular form of ‘bacteria’.
a) bacterian b) bacteri c) bacteriae d) bacterium
29
SYLLABIFICATION
mono-one di-two tri-three tetra-four

penta-five hexa-six hepta-seven poly-many
1. Words ending with -tion, -cion and -ssion:
calculation = cal-cu-la-tion (tetra)
coercion = co-er-cion(tri)
communication = com-mu-ni-ca-tion(penta)
suspicion = sus-pi-cion(tri)
2. Words with -ity:

activity = ac-ti-vi-ty (tetra)
electricity = e-lec-tri-ci-ty(penta)
creativity = cre-a-ti-vi-ty(penta)
productivity = pro-duc-ti-vi-ty(penta)
3. Words ending with -graphy:

biography = bi-og-ra-phy (tetra)
photography = pho-tog-ra-phy (tetra)
geography = ge-og-ra-phy (tetra)
radiography = ra-di-og-ra-phy(penta)
4. Words ending with -ical:

economical = e-co-no-mi-cal(penta)
geographical = ge-og-ra-phi-cal(penta)
logical = lo-gi-cal(tri)
mathematical = ma-the-ma-ti-cal(penta)
5. Words ending with –ly:

economically = e-co-no-mi-cal-ly(hexa)
politically = po-li-ti-cal-ly(penta)
carefully = care-ful-ly(tri)
6. Words ending with –ate:

anticipate = an-ti-ci-pate (tetra)
calculate = cal-cu-late(tri)
congratulate = con-gra-tu-late(tetra)
educate = e-du-cate(tri)
7. Words ending in –ic:

elastic = e-las-tic(tri)
electronic = e-lec-tron-ic(tetra)
fantastic = fan-tas-tic(tri)
8. Words ending in –logy:

biology = bi-o-lo-gy(tetra)
30
geology = ge-o-lo-gy(tetra)
psychology = psy-cho-lo-gy(tetra)
zoology = zo-o-lo-gy(tetra)
9. Other words:
caravan = ca-ra-van(tri)
disappointment = dis-ap-point-ment(tetra)
bonafide = bo-na-fi-de (tetra)
lieutenant = lieu-te-nant (tri)
enthusiastically = en-thu-si-as-ti-cal-ly (hepta)
Model Question:-
Choose the disyllabic word.
a) benefit b) again c) weight d) strength
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
XI TB p. 73, 101& 145
Term Definition Term Definition
archaeologist studies artefacts and physical mediocrist a mediocre person
remains
anaesthetist doctor trained to administer militarist a military man
anaesthetic
agronomist one well versed in agronomy nephrologist treats kidney
absentee one who fails to be present at neonatologist treats critical infants
work habitually
amateur one who participates in sports nationalist one who believes in the
as a hobby rather than for superiority of one’s nation
money
ambidextrous one who uses right and left neurologist treats nervous system
(Mar 2020) hands equally well
bibliophile one who collects or has a nonagenarian one who is between 90
great love of books and 99 years old
barbarian one who is uncultured and ophthalmologist treats vision problems
brutish
cardiologist treats heart problems optimist one who is hopeful and
confident of the future
critic one who examines and ornithologist studies birds
judges something seriously
cartoonist one who is skilled in drawing otolaryngologist treats ear, nose, throat
cartoons
dentist one who treats diseases of psychologist one who studies human
the teeth minds and behaviour
31
dermatologist who specializes in skin polyglot one who knows several

problem languages
emancipist a freed convict philanthropist one who promotes
welfare of others by
donating money
entomologist studies insects patriot one who loves one’s
country and wills to
sacrifice for it
egoist one who is concerned with pathologist studies diseases
one’s own interests and
welfare
fictionist one who promotes fiction pulmonologist who specializes in lung
problems
feminist one who advocates equal radiologist one who treats the
rights for women actions of the serum of
the blood
globetrotter one who travels widely seismologist studies earthquakes
gastroenterolo treats stomach disorders sociologist studies functioning of
gist human society
geologist studies the matter that sadist one who derives pleasure
constitutes the earth from inflicting pain on
others
gynaecologist treats diseases specific to taxonomist one skilled in taxonomy
women
heroism one who has exceptional thespian an actor or actress
courage when facing danger
herpetologist studies reptiles and teetotaller one who abstains from
amphibians alcohol
idealist one who believes in the best versonist a translator
possible concepts
linguist studies languages and their vocabulist a lexicographer
structure
martialist a warrior misanthrope one who dislikes
humankind
meteorologist studies atmosphere, weather ambassador one who represents the
and climate government of his country
in a foreign country
allonym a name that is assumed by an author but that name actually belongs to
another person / pseudonym / A work published under the name of a person
other than the author
Model Question:-
A person who studies a language and its structure is known as ____.
a) linguist b) versionist c) vocabulist d) idealogist
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WORDS ENDING WITH …ISM (XI TB p.145)
Term Definition Term Definition

optimism hopeful feeling that all will turn patriotism love of country
out well
nationalism the doctrine that your country’s egocentrism concern for your own
interests are superior interests and welfare
feminism a doctrine that advocates equal criticism a serious examination
rights for women and judgement of
something
amateurism participating in sports as a hobby barbarism a brutal barbarous,
savage act
idealism belief that the best possible heroism exceptional courage
concepts should be pursued when facing with
danger
absenteeism habitual failure to be present at
work
Words ending with … phobia
Word Meaning Word Meaning

poinephobia fear of punishment potophobia fear of alcohol
phasmophobia fear of ghosts nyctophobia fear of dark
lalophobia fear of speaking kleptophobia fear of stealing
katsardaphobia fear of cockroaches anglophobia fear of using
English
hydrophobia fear of water acrophobia fear of height
agrizoophobia fear of wild animals snakephobia fear of snakes
scolionophobia fear of school
Model Question:-
Habitual failure to be present at work is known as ___.
a) absent b) absenteeism c) absent mindedness d) leave
FOREIGN WORDS
Word Meaning Word Meaning

viva voce a spoken examination sine die without a date being fixed
resume a brief summary rapport close relationship
bonafide genuine bon voyage happy journey
in toto totally liaison co-ordination of activities
ex gratia a payment made as a en masse as a whole group
favour
en route on the way ad hoc for a particular purpose
faux pas improper act / remark par better than others
excellence
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in camera secret session status quo in the former state

magnum the most important work in cognito in disguise
opus
dejavu a feeling of having already a-la-carte ordering dishes from the
experienced the present menu
situation
via media middle course per capita income per head
tete-a-tete private conversation carte complete freedom to act
between two blanche
bons marks witty remarks post after death
mortem
en famillie as a family via by the way of
erratum error de facto in fact
prima facie at first sight adieu good bye
avant garde new ideas ex parte on one side
proforma for the sake of form genre a particular style
Model Question:-
Choose the meaning of the foreign word.
The school has enrolled 450 students in toto this year.
a) Approximately b) generally c) totally d) on the whole
PART – II
SECTION –1
II) a. Read the given sets of poetic lines and answer any four of the following.
4x2=8
POEM APPRECIATION QUESTIONS (Q.Nos. 21-26)
Poem-1 Once Upon a Time – Gabriel Okara
Textual Questions:- (p.23)
1. What do you associate with the title of the poem?
I associate the childhood days of the poet and our children’s frankness with the title of
the poem.
2. What is the relationship between the narrator and the listener?
The relationship between the narrator and the listener is father and his son.
3. What happens to the poet when he visits someone for the third time?
When the poet visits someone for the third time, he is considered as a nuisance.
4. Pick out the expressions that indicate conflicting ideas.
• laugh with their hearts - laugh with their teeth
• shake hands without heart - shake hands with heart
• good bye - good riddance
• glad to meet you - without being glad
• nice talking to you - feel bored
• unlearn - relearn
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• come again - doors shut

5. How does the poet compare his face with dresses?
The poet compares his change of dresses to the change of his facial expressions.
He has home face, office face, street face, host face, etc.
6. What does the poet mean when he says ‘good bye’?
When the poet says ‘good bye’, he means ‘good riddance’.
7. What pleasantries does the poet use to fake cordiality?
The poet uses the following pleasantries to fake cordiality:
Feel at home
• Come again,
• Good bye!
• Glad to meet you
• It’s been nice talking to you
8. What does he desire to unlearn and relearn?
The poet desires to unlearn muting things and relearn the genuine habits of the olden
days.
9. How is the poet’s laugh reflected in the mirror?
The poet’s laugh is reflected like a snake’s teeth in the mirror.
10. What does the poet long for?
The poet longs for honesty in his relationship.
11. Mention the qualities, the child in the poem symbolizes.
Innocence, honesty, and sincerity are the qualities, the child in the poem symbolizes.
Appreciation Questions
Textual
i)But now they only laugh with their teeth,
while their ice-block-cold eyes
a)Who are they?
Modern people / People of modern times/People of modern period.
b)Explain: ice-block-cold eyes
The laughter of men of today lacks the feeling of warmth.
c)Identify the figure of speech here.
Metaphor
d)Write the words in assonance (additional)
ice-eyes.
ii)Most of all, I want to relearn
How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!’
a) Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh?
The poet’s laughter is hypocritical now. So, he wants to relearn how to laugh genuinely.
b) Whom does the poet want to relearn from?
The poet wants to relearn from his son.
c) Mention the figure of speech used here.
Simile.
35
Additional
i)And I have learned too
to laugh with only my teeth
And shake hands without my heart
a)Who is speaking to whom?
The narrator is speaking to his young son.
ii)I want to unlearn all these muting things
a)Who wants to unlearn?
The poet wants to unlearn.
b)What are these muting things?
Muting things refer to the hypocrytic behaviour of modern people.
iii) But that is gone son
Now they shake hands without hearts
a) What is gone according to the speaker?
Hearty hand shake is gone. Warmth of feeling is gone. Reality is gone. Feeling of
togetherness is gone.
b) Explain the second line.
They shake hands with no love, warmth of feeling, and real emotions.
Poem-2 Confessions of a Born Spectator – Ogden Nash

1. Why does the poet feel glad that he does not play any game?
According to the poet, the players play rough games. So, he is glad that he is not a
player and does not play any game.
2. Do you think the narrator is heroic?
No. He doesn’t like to run any risk of getting injured while playing.
3. The poet is satisfied just watching the heroic deeds of others. What could be
the reason?
The reason is that he doesn’t want to play any rough game. He is allergic to injuries.
4. The poet does not wish to exchange position with the runners. Why?
The poet is a born spectator. So, he doesn’t wish to exchange position with the runners.
5. Are the athletes conscious of the feelings of others? Why do you say so?
No. The athletes are not conscious of the feelings of others, because their only aim is to
win.
6. Why would the referee ask whether there was a doctor in the stands? What
stands is he referring to?
The athletes might get injured. So, the referee would ask for a doctor. The poet is
referring to the stadium.
7. Why does the poet prefer to buy tickets worth their weight in radium? Bring out
the significance of the metal referred to here.
The radium is a costly metal. The poet is a born spectator. So, he prefers to buy tickets
worth their radium.
i)With all my heart I do admire
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire
36
a)Whom does the poet admire?

The poet admires athletes.
b)For what reasons do the athletes sweat?
Athletes sweat for fun or for victory.
ii)‘Well, ego it might be pleased enough
But zealous athletes play so rough’.
a)What pleases the ego?
Swapping positions pleases the ego.
b)Why are athletes often rough during play?
The athletes are often rough during play because their only aim is to win.
iii) ‘When officialdom demands
Is there a doctor in the stands?’
a)Why are doctors called from stands by the sponsors?
The doctors are called from stands by the sponsors to treat the injured players.
b)Why does the poet make such an observation?
The organizers stick to the rules aiming at conducting the match without caring for the
injured. So, the poet makes such an observation.
iv)When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist…
Identify and explain the use of the literary device in this line.
The words ‘snaps’ and ‘cracks’ evoke the actual sounds.
Additional
i)“Cracking vertebrae and spines
Lashes his stead across the line”
a)Why does vertebrae and spines crack?
In the running race, one player knocks down the other. So, his vertebrae and spines
are broken.
b)What is the sport referred in line two?
Horse racing.
ii) “when swollen eye meets gnarled fist
when snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist”
a)What is the sport referred here?
Boxing.
b)What is the poetic device employed here?
Onomatopoeia.
iii) “And reassure myself anew
That you are not me and I’m not you.”
a)Who do ‘you’ and ‘me’ refer here?
‘Me’ refers to the poet and ‘you’ refers to the athletes.
b)What is the poet’s determination?
The poet is determined not to become an athlete but to remain only a spectator.
iv) “One infant grows up and becomes a jockey
Another plays basket ball or hockey”
a) Who is a jockey?
Horse rider.
b) What are the rhyming words?
jockey-hockey
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Poem-3 Lines Written in the Early Spring – William Wordsworth

a) How does the poet feel while enjoying the beauty of Nature?
The poet feels sad while enjoying the beauty of Nature.
b) Does Nature affect a person’s thoughts and feelings? Explain.
Yes, Nature affects a person’s thoughts and feelings, because every human soul is
linked to Nature.
c) How do people bring grief and sorrow to one another?
People bring grief and sorrow to one another by alienating themselves from Nature.
d) Why does the poet think that the birds were happy?
The poet thinks that the birds were happy because they hopped and played.
e) The poet finds joy in various objects of Nature. Explain.
The birds sing merrily hopping and playing around the poet. Bunches of flowers catch
the breezy air. Thus, the poet finds joy in various aspects of Nature.
f) Bring out the poet’s thoughts, while comparing Nature with human behaviour.
The poet realizes that Nature is a holy plan of God. It is linked to every human soul. But
men have alienated from Nature.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the best option:-
a) The poet experiences sadness because he is worried about the destruction
caused to Nature.
b) The poem is set in a grove.
c) The poem speaks of Man’s fear of Nature.
i) “And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys that air it breathes…”
a)What is the poet’s faith?
The poet’s faith is that every flower in nature is enjoying itself.
b)What trait of Nature do we see here?
Nature is meant to give happiness to all.
c)Write down the words in alliteration(extra)
faith- flower
ii) “And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there …”
a)What did the poet notice about the twigs?
The poet noticed that the twigs were spreading their leaves as if to catch the breezy air.
b)What was the poet’s thought about them?
The poet thought that there was pleasure in Nature .
iii) “If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be nature’s holy plan. ”
a)What does ‘heaven’ refer to?
‘Heaven’ refers to God.
b)Why does the poet call it ‘holy’?
Poet calls it holy, because Nature is free from all evil qualities.
iv) “To her fair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran.”
38
Identify the figure of speech used here.

Personification.
v) “And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys that air it breathes…”
Personification.
vi) “What Man has made of Man?”
Aphorism or Rhetorical question
Additional
i) “ I heard a thousand blended notes
While in a grove I sate reclined.”
a)Where is the speaker seated?
The speaker is seated in a grove.
b)What does ‘blended notes’ mean?
It means chirping and twittering of birds.
c)What is a grove? Grove is a small area of land with a group of trees.
ii) “To her fair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran.”
a)What did Nature link with?
Nature linked itself with the human soul.
b) What are Nature’s fair works?
Nature’s fair works are its pleasantness to humans.
iii) “But the least motion which they made
It seem’d a thrill of pleasure”
a)Who made the least motion?/who are they? (Mar 2020)
The birds.
b)What seemed a thrill of pleasure?
The motion of birds seemed a thrill of pleasure.
c)What are they doing?
The birds are hopping and playing.
iv) “Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man.”
a)What made the poet lament?
Man has lost his link with Nature. This made the poet lament.
b)What has man done to Nature?
Man has done injustice to Nature.
v) “To her works did Nature link”
What is the figure of speech?
Personification.
vi. “The human soul that through me ran”
What is the figure of speech?
Personification.
vii) “What man has made of man”
What Man has made of Man?
Man has done injustice to man.
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Poem-4 Macavity – The Mystery Cat by T.S.Eliot

Textual Questions:- (p.128-129)
1. What is Macavity’s nickname?
‘Hidden Paw’ is Macavity’s nickname.
2. Why is the Flying Squad frustrated?
The Flying Squad is frustrated because it is unable to catch Macavity.
3. Which law does Macavity break?
Macavity breaks human law and law of gravity.
4. What makes the fakir stare in wonder?
The levitation of Macavity makes the fakir stare in wonder.
5. Describe Macavity’s appearance.
Macavity
• is a ginger cat
• is very tall and thin
• eyes are deeply sunken in
• head is dome- shaped
• coat is dusty
• whiskers uncombed
6. Where can you encounter Macavity?
You can encounter Macavity in a by-street or in the square.
7. Why does the poet say Macavity is ‘outwardly’ respectable?
Macavity is clever and cunning. So, Macavity is outwardly respectable.
8. Who does the Secret Service suspect when a loss is reported?
The Secret Service suspects Macavity when a loss is reported.
9. What is Macavity expected to be doing after committing a crime?
Macavity is expected to be relaxing or may be busy in solving the complicated sums
after committing a crime.
10) Mention any two qualities of Macavity
Looting , stealing things and finally escaping from the scene of crime.
11. Which two characters does the poet refer to as examples of wicked cats?
Mungojerrie and Griddlebone are the two characters.
12. Why is Macavity called the ‘Napolean of Crime’?
Macavity is called the Napolean of Crime, because he is a mastermind behind all crimes
without being caught.
i. “Macavity’s a mystery cat: he’s called
the hidden paw…”
a)Does the poet talk about a real cat?
No, the poet does not talk about a real cat.
b) Explain the term ‘hidden paw’/ Why is he called the Hidden Paw?
The cat involves in criminal activities unseen by anyone. So, he is called the hidden
paw.
ii. “He’s the bafflement of Scotland
Yard, the Flying Squad’s despair
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For when they reach the scene of crime

Macavity’s not there…”
a)What is Scotland yard?
Scotland Yard is the London Metropolitan Police Service.
b)Why does the Flying Squad feel disappointed?
When the Flying Squad reaches the scene of the crime, Macavity is not there.
iii. “He sways his head from side to
side, with movements like a snake;
And when you think he’s half asleep,
He’s always wide awake…”
a)Explain the comparison made here.
Macavity is compared to a snake. It moves its head like a snake.
b)What does he pretend to do?
He pretends to be half asleep.
c)What is the figure of speech used in the first line?(extra)
Personification.
d)What is the figure of speech used in the second line?(extra)
Simile.
iv. “For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a
monster of depravity!”
a)How is the cat described in this line?
Macavity is a devil in the shape of a cat.
b)Explain the phrase ‘monster of depravity’.
The cat has all evil qualities like a big animal.
v) “And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s ”
a) What seems to be a challenge for the Scotland Yard?
Macavity leaves no evidence on the scene of crime.This seems to be a challenge for
the Scotland Yard.
b) Why do they need his footprints?
They need his footprints to arrest him.
vi)’ It must have been Macavity!’ but he’s a mile away
a) What is Macavity blamed for?
Macavity is blamed for the loss of some important papers of Treaty.
b) Where is he?
He is a mile away.
vii) There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity
a) Which cat is being talked of here?
Macavity is being talked of here.
b) How is he different from the rest?
By his deceitfulness and suavity, he is different from the rest.
Identify the figures of speech
a) He sways his head from side to side with movements like a snake – Simile
b) They say he cheats at cards – Personification
c) What is the rhyme scheme used in the poem? - aabb
41
Additional
i. “His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare”
a)Whose powers are referred to here?
Mystery cat / Macavity.
b)What is the power of levitation?
Rising and floating in air.
ii. “And when the larder’s looted
or the jewel case is rifled.”
a)What is a larder?
A cupboard.
b)Who loots the larder?
Macavity.
iii. “He always has an alibi, and one or two spare.”
a)What is an alibi?
Evidence.
b)Explain ‘and one or two spare’.
The cat has a number of alibis to escape arrest. He is cunning and clever.
iv. “And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s.”
a)Whose foot prints do the police need and why? (Mar 2020)
Macavity’s. The cat involves in criminal activities unseen by anyone.
b)Pick out the words in alliteration.
foot-file-found
Poem-5 Everest is Not the Only Peak – Kulothungan

1. Which line is repeated in the poem? What is the effect created by this
repetition?
The line ‘We are proud and feel so tall’ is repeated in the poem. This line motivates the
reader.
2. Who are the ‘deserving ones’?
People who have merit and competence are the deserving ones.
3. Which quality does the speaker wish to nourish? What is his mission?
‘Devotion’ is the quality the speaker wishes to nourish. His mission is to bless and
praise the deserving.
4. Which path should we follow in life?
We should follow the path of dignity and honour.
5. What does ‘Everest’ in the title stand for?
Everest in the title stands for the greatest achievement in life.
6. What does ‘hillock’ refer to in the line ‘Every hillock has a summit to boast!’?
‘Hillock’ refers to a small hill. Here, it refers to a small work. But, we should be proud of
it.
7) Why does the speaker say ‘Everest is not the only peak’?
Every one is not made to do the greatest things. Each one has an important duty which
may be small or great. But, the one should be proud of it.
8. What does the ladder symbolize?
The ladder symbolizes help given to other people to come up in life.
42
i. “Our Naure it is that whatever we try
We do with devotion deep and true.”
a)Who does ‘we’ refer to?
‘We’ refers to humans.
b)How should we carry out our duties?
We should carry out our duties with devotion.
ii. “Defeat we repel, courage our fort;”
a)How do we react to defeat?
We hate defeat.
b)Which is considered as our stronghold?
Courage is our stronghold.
iii. “We are proud of the position we
hold; humble as we are”
a)What is the speaker proud of?
The speaker is proud of their position.
b)How is the speaker both humble and proud?
The position of the speaker may be humble but he is proud of it.
c)Pick out the words in alliteration.
proud-position, hold-humble
iv. “He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore,
we bow before competence and merit.” (Mar 2020)
a)Who is adored as a king?/ Whom do we adore?
A person who does not stoop to win is adored.
b)What is the figure of speech used here?
Metaphor.
c)What is valued and respected?(extra)
Competence and merit.
v. “Honour is a property, common to all
In dignity and pride no one need to be poor.”
a)Who are considered rich?
Those who have dignity and pride are considered rich.
b)What is their asset?
Honour is their asset.
Additional
vi. “We deem it our duty and mission in life.
To bless and praise the deserving one.”
a)What is the duty of a virtuous man?
The duty of virtuous man is to praise a deserving person.
vii. “Everest is not the only peak
Every hillock has a summit to boast.”
a)What does ‘Everest’ mean here?
‘Everest’ means the highest position held by man.
43
Poem-6 The Hollow Crown – William Shakespeare

1. What do the three words, ‘graves, worms, and epitaphs’, refer to?
They refer to death/mortality.
2. What does the executor mentioned in the poem do?
The executor puts others’ terms of will into effect.
3. Who is Bolingbroke? Is he a friend or a foe?
Bolingbroke is the cousin of King Richard II. He is a foe.
4. Are all deposed kings slain by the deposer?
No. All deposed kings are not slain by the deposer.
5. What does the crown of rulers stand for?
The crown of rulers stands for the power of king.
6. What hides within the crown and laughs at the king’s grandeur?
Death hides within the crown and laughs at the king’s grandeur.
7. What does ‘flesh’ mean here?
Flesh means the human flesh that covers the body.
8. What are the various functions and objects given up by a defeated king?
Respect, form, and ceremonious duty are the various functions and objects given up by
a defeated king.
9. How does the king establish that he and his subjects are equal in the end?
The king, like his subjects, feels want, longs for friends, and experiences joys and
sorrows.
10.Bring out King Richard’s feelings when he was deafted?
When King Richard was defeated, he feels sad and realizes the emptiness of life.
Identify the figures of speech:- (p.188)
i) “Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs;
Make dust our paper, ans with rainy eyes
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth.”
Metaphor
ii. “And yet not so-far what can we bequeath
save our deposed bodies to the ground”? (Mar 2020)
Rhetorical question./ Interrogation
iii. “Keeps Death his court, and there antic sits,..”
Personification
iv. “How can you say to me, I am a king?”
Rhetorical question/Interrogation
iv. “Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp.”
Internal Rhyme & Personification
ix. “Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!”
Personification
Additional
i. “Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs
Make dust our paper and with rainy eyes.
With sorrow on the bosom of the earth”
44
a)What do the words in the first line denote?

Death.
b)How are ‘dust’ and ‘rainy eyes’ used in this line?
‘dust’ is compared to paper and ‘rainy eyes’ to writing instruments.
c)What is the figure of speech used here?
Metaphor.
ii. “Our lands, our lives, and all are Bolingbroke’s
And nothing can we call our own but death”
a)Who was Bolingbroke?
Bolingbroke was king Richard’s cousin.
b)What does the speaker own?
He owns death and nothing else.
iii. “And that small model of the barren earth
Which serves as paste and cover to our bodies”
a)How does the earth serve?
The earth serves as paste and cover to the bodies.
iv. “How some have been deposed some slain in war
Some haunted by the Ghosts they have deposed. ”
a)Who are talked about in these lines?
The kings who were deposed in the past were talked about here.
b)What happened to them?
The deposed kings were killed in war, or haunted by ghosts or killed otherwise.
v. “keeps death his court, and these the antic sits
Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp”
a)How is death portrayed?
Death is portrayed as a court jester.
b)What does it do?
Death gives the mortal kings the temporary power and pomp.
c)What is the figure of speech used here?
Personification.
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Poem – 1 Once Upon a Time - Gabriel Okara
Figure of
S.
Word speech /
No.
Alliteration
1. While their ice-block-cold eyes search behind my shadow Metaphor
2. Cocktail face, with all their conforming smiles like a fixed Simile
portrait smile
3. For my laugh in the mirror shows only my teeth like a snake’s Simile
bare fangs!
4. I have learned to wear many faces like dress Simile
5. When I mean Good-riddance Oxymoron
6. I find doors shut on me Euphemism
7. They used to laugh with their hearts Metonymy
8. They shake hands without hearts Metonymy
45
9. But now they only laugh with their teeth Metonymy

10. They used to laugh with their hearts Metonymy
11. They used to shake hands with their hearts hands-hearts,
12. Cocktail face, with all their conforming smiles cocktail-
conforming
13. And shake hands without my heart hands-heart
14. I want to be what I used to be want-what
15. When I was like you, I want when-was-want
16. To unlearn all these muting things these-things
17. So show me, son so-son
18. Nice talking to you, after being bored being-bored
19 All these muting things these-things
20. Once upon a time Repetition
21. Feel at home Sarcasm
Rhyming word : hearts – hearts

Twice-thrice
Rhyme Scheme : abcb
Poem – 2 Confessions of a Born Spectator - Ogden Nash
Figure of
S.
Word speech /
No.
Alliteration
1. I am just glad as glad can be Simile
2. When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist Onomatopoeia
3. When swollen eye meets gnarled fist
When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist
When officialdom demands Anaphora
4. My limp and bashful spirit feeds
On other people’s heroic deeds Personification
5. My soul in true thanksgiving speaks
For this modest of physiques Personification
6. Athletes who sweat for fun or hire for-fun
7. My soul in true thanksgiving speaks soul-speaks
8. They do not ever in their dealings (text) do-dealings
Rhyming word : jockey – hockey, enter - center
Rhyme Scheme : aabb
Poem – 3 Lines Written in the Early Spring - William Wordsworth

Figure of
S.
Word speech /
No.
Alliteration
1. To her works did Nature link Personification
2. The human soul that through me ran Personification
46
3. And ‘tis my faith that every flower faith, flower

4. What Man has made of Man? made, man
5. And ‘tis my faith that every flower enjoys the air it breathes Personification
6. What Man has made of Man? Abhorism
7. The human soul that through me ran that-through
Rhyming word : Played-made, Measure-Pleasure,

bower-flower, wreaths-breathes
Rhyme Scheme : abab
Poem – 4 Macavity – The Mystery Cat - T.S.Eliot
Figure of
S.
Word speech /
No.
Alliteration
1. He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a Simile
snake
2. They say he cheats at cards Personification
3. Macavity, Macavity there’s no one like Macavity Repetition/Simile
4. His brow is deeply lined with thought; his head is highly deeply-doomed
doomed
5. And when the larder’s looted, or the jewel-case is rifled. larder-looted
6. Or when the milk is missing, or another Peke’s been stifled milk-missing
7. For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity fiend-feline
8. You may meet him in a by-street; you may see him in the may-meet
square
9. He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a sway-side-
snake snake
10. And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake. he-half
11. Or the greenhouse glass is broken, ad the trellis past repair greenhouse-
glass
12. And when the loss has been disclosed, the Secret Service say. secret-service-
say
13. And they say that all the Cats whose wicked deeds are widely wicked-widely
known
14. Just controls their operations; the Napoleon of Crime! controls-crime
Anthromorphism is employed in this poem.
Rhyming word : paw-law, despair-there
macavity-gravity, stare-there
macavity-depravity, square-there
Rhyme Scheme : aabb
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Poem – 5 Everest Is Not the Only Peak - Kulothungan
Figure of
S.
Word speech /
No.
Alliteration
1. He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore Metaphor
2. We bow before competence and merit Personification
3. The ones that are true and stand on their feet
Are really the ladder for the rise of Man Metaphor
4. Honour is a property common to all Metaphor
5. Our nature it is that whatever we try whatever-we
6. We do with devotion deep and true do-devotion-
deep
7. We are pround of the position we hold; pround-position
8. A life that knows no kneeling and bending. knows-kneeling
9. We bow before bow-before
10. We deem it our duty… deem-duty
Rhyming word : tall-small

Rhyme Scheme : aabc
Rhyming word : done-none
Rhyme Scheme : abbc
Rhyming word : care-adore
Rhyming word : all-tall
Poem – 6 The Hollow Crown - William Shakespeare
S. Figure of speech /
Word
No. Alliteration
1. Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs,
Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes Metaphor
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth.
2. And yet not so – for what can we bequeath, Rhetorical question
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?
3. Keeps Death his court; and there the antic sits, Personification
4. How can you say to me I am a king? Rhetorical
question/Interrogation
5. Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp Internal rhyme /
Personification
6. Bores through his castle wall and farewell king Euphemism /
Personification
7. Our lands, our lives, and all are Bolingbroke’s lands-lives
Assonance
8. And tell sad stories of the death of Kings! sad-stories
9. And yet not so – for what can we bequeath what-we
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10. And nothing can we call our own but death can-call
11. For you have but mistook me all this while mistook-me
12. Comes at the last, and with a little pin last-little
FIGURES OF SPEECH (ALL POEMS)(Quick View)

A. Simile (comparison of one thing with another)
1. Cocktail face, with all their conforming smiles like a fixed portrait.
2. For my laugh in the mirror shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!
3. I have learned to wear many faces like dresses.
4. I am just glad as glad can be.
B. Metaphor (implied simile)

While their ice-block-cold eyes search behind my shadow
He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore
Are really the ladder for the rise of Man
Honour is a property common to all
Make dust our paper and with rainy eyes
C. Personification (attribution of human characteristics to non-human)

To her works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran
We bow before competence and merit
Keeps Death his court; and there the antic sits.
Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp;
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!
My soul in true thanksgiving speaks
My limp and bashful spirit feeds
D. Onomatopoeia (the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is

named)
When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist
E. Anaphora( repetition of a phrase/ a word at the beginning of sentences used for

emphasis)
When swollen eye meets gnarled first
When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist,
When officialdom demands
F. Repetition (the act or an instance of repeating or being repeated)

Macavity, Macavity there’s no one like Macavity
G. Interrogation/ Rhetorical Question

And yet not so – for what can we bequeath,
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?
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H. Rhetorical Question (a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect rather

than to get an answer)
How can you say to me I am a king?
I. Euphemism (polite expressions that replace harsh words and phrases)

Bores through his castle wall and farewell king!
J. Internal Rhyme (a rhyme in the middle of a line)

Scoffing his state and grining at his pomp
SECTION-2
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
b. Do as Directed: (Answer any three)(Q.Nos. 27-30) 3x2=6
VOICE (XI TB P.77-79)

eg. I speak English everyday. (XI TB p.77)
English is spoken by me everyday.
XI p.78
Change into active voice.
i) The cave paintings of Ajantha were made in the Gupta period.
ii) Waste is collected from the garbage containers on the streets.
iii) Ground level ozone and fine particles are released in the air.
iv) Smog is formed purely by air pollution.
Answers:-
i) Architects made the cave paintings of Ajantha in the Gupta period.
ii) The sweepers collect waste from the garbage containers on the streets.
iii) Nature releases ground level ozone and fine particles in the air.
iv) Air pollution forms smog.
XI p.78
Change into passive voice.
1. The pilot flew the airplane to Bengaluru.
The airplane was flown to Bengaluru by the pilot.
2. The bananas were eaten by the monkey.
The monkey ate the bananas.
Change the voice of the following sentences.

1. Mohammed follows the rules.
2. Mohan has completed the course.
3. Magdalene is singing the prayer.
4. Who wrote this complaint?
5. May God bless you with happiness!
6. A house is being constructed by them.
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7. Let the door not be slammed.

8. The team was trained by the coach.
Answers:-
1. The rules are followed by Mohammed.
2. The course has been completed by Mohan.
3. The prayer is being sung by Magdalene.
4. By whom was this complaint written.
5. May you be blessed with happiness by God.
6. They are constructing a house.
7. Don’t slam the door.
8. The coach trained the team.
The farmers usually harvest the mango fruits only in the month of May. (Mar 2020)
Answer:- The mango fruits are usually harvested by the farmers in the month of May.
Make sentences using the passive forms of the verbs. (XI TB p.78)
1. Tagore/ award/ the Nobel prize/
2. IIM Ahmedabad / establish /1961
3. Chattisgarh/ form / 2000
4. First passenger train /inaugurated / India /1853
5. Indian Airlines /set up / 1953
Answers
1. Tagore was awareded the Nobel prize.
2. IIM Ahmedabad was established in 1961.
3. Chattisgarh was formed in 2000.
4. First passenger train was inaugurated in India in 1853.
5. Indian Airlines was set up in 1953.
Change into other voice form:- (Mar 2020)

I shall have completed my project next week.
Ans: My project will/shall have been completed by me next week.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON (XII TB P.156-158, 222)
Task 1 Transform each of the following sentences using the comparative degree
without changing the meaning. (XII TB p.158)
1. Very few Indian languages are as ancient as Tamil.
Tamil is more ancient than most other Indian languages.
2. Hurricanes are as dangerous as tornadoes.
Tornadoes are not more dangerous than hurricanes.
3. This is the most challenging task I have ever undertaken.
This task is more challenging than any other task, I have ever undertaken.
4. E-mail is the fastest means of communication.
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E-mail is faster than any other means of communication.

5. Compulsive gambling is the worst habit a man can develop.
Compulsive gambling is worse than any other habit a man can develop.
Task 2 Rewrite each of the following sentences using the superlative degree
retaining the meaning. (XII TB p.158)
1. Shakespeare is greater than many other dramatists of the world.
Shakespeare is one of the greatest dramatists of the world.
2. Some people think that nothing is as the important as money in life.
Some people think that money is the most important thing in life.
3. The peacock is more colourful than any other bird found in India.
The peacock is the most colourful bird found in India.
4. Very few people in this town are as generous as Mr.Mohan.
Mr.Mohan is one of the most generous people in this town.
5. No other planet in our solar system is as cold as Neptune.
Neptune is the coldest planet in our solar system
6. I cannot do anything better for you than this.
This is the best I can do for you.
Task 3 Replace the comparative adjectives in the following sentences with their
positive forms. (XII TB p.158)
1. Rural life is certainly more peaceful than an urban life.
Urban life is certainly not as peaceful as rural life.
2. The pen is mightier than the sword.
The sword is not as mighty as the pen.
3. Train journey is more comfortable than bus journey.
Bus journey is not so comfortable as train journey.
4. My mother can speak more sweetly than anyone else.
No one else can speak as sweetly as my mother.
5. Gold is not more useful than iron.
Gold is not as useful as iron / Iron is more useful than gold.
REPORTED SPEECH (XI TB P.148-149)

XI TB p.148
e.g. Uma says, “I like chocolates.”
Uma says that she likes chocolates.
XI TB p.149
Statement:-
1. Sindhu said, “I play chess”.
Sindhu said that she played chess.
2. Jayashree said, “I am working in a school”.
Jayashree said that she was working in a school.
3. Mani said, “I bought a car”.
Mani said that he had bought a car.
4. Madhu said, “I was walking along the street”.
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Madhu said that she had been walking along the street.
5. Sasi said, “I haven’t seen her”.
Sasi said that he hadn’t seen her.
6. Vijay said, “I had taken swimming lessons before”.
Vijay said that he had taken swimming lessons before.
7. Sundar said to me, “I’ll see you later”.
Sundar told me that he would see me later.
Interrogative:-
1. Shankar said to me, “Do you know me?”
Shankar asked me if I knew him.
2. Zuber said to Saira, “Are you living here?”
Zuber asked Saira if she was living there.
3. Senthil said, “Where is the post office?”
Senthil enquired where the post office was.
4. Shanthi said to Bhaskar, “What are you doing now?”
Shanthi asked Bhaskar what he was doing then.
5. Change the direct speech into reported form. (Mar 2020)
Vidhya said to Kanya, “Would you like to come to the party with us tomorrow?
Ans: Vidhya requested Kanya whether she would like to come to the party with
them the next day.
Imperative:-
1. The old woman said to the boy, “Please help me”.
The old woman requested the boy to help her.
2. The librarian said to the students, “Speak softly”.
The librarian instructed the students to speak softly.
3. Raj said to Sukumar, “Please drop me at the station tonight”.
Raj requested Sukumar to drop him at the station that night.
Exclamatory:-
1. The poor lady said, “Alas! I have lost everything in the floods”.
The poor lady exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost everything in the floods.
2. The captain said, “Hurrah! We have won the match”.
The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Anu requested her brother to drop her at the airport that night. (Change into direct speech)
(March 2020)
Ans.: Anu said to her brother, “Drop me at the airport tonight”.
REPORT THE DIALOGUE:- (XII TB p.14-16)
Eg.1. Father : Don’t watch TV during examination time.

Varun : Sorry daddy, Today they are telecasting our school programme.
Father : O.K., I’ll watch the programme with you.
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Answer:This is a dialogue between Varun and his father. Father asked Varun not to
watch TV during examination time. Varun felt sorry and said that they were telecasting
their school programme that day. Father said that he would watch the programme with
him.
Eg.2 Teacher: Mala, why were you absent yesterday?

Mala : I went to Temple, sir.
Teacher: Okay, Complete the assignments I have given.
Answer:This is a dialogue between Mala and his teacher.The teacher asked Mala why
she had been absent the previous day. Mala replied that she had gone to temple. He
agreed to it and asked her to complete the assignments which he had given.
SIMPLE, COMPOUND & COMPLEX SENTENCES (XI TB P.175-176)

XI TB. 175 & 176
Do as directed. (XI TB p.175)
1. Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at the bus stop. They went to
the bus stop. (Change into a compound sentence)
Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at the bus stop and so they went to the
bus stop.
2. Varsha reached the railway station. She was waiting for them there. (Change into a
compound sentence)
Varsha reached the railway station and she was waiting for them there.
3. While she waited at the train station, Varsha realized that the train was late.
(Change into a simple sentence)
Waiting at the train station, Varsha realized the late arrival of the train.
4. Dinesh and Prabhu left the bus stop. Varsha rang them. (Change into a
Complex sentence)
When Dinesh and Prabhu left the bus stop, Varsha rang them.
5. The trio met at the station. Varsha left for Madurai. (Change into a complex
sentence)
After the trio had met at the station, Varsha left for Madurai. / As soon as the trio
met at the station, Varsha left for Madurai.
6. The old lady sat in a corner and started praying to God. (Change into a simple
sentence) (Mar 2020)
Sitting in a corner, the old lady started praying to God.
IF CLAUSE
INVERSION or BEGIN WITH SHOULD/HAD/WERE
1. If an angel were to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it. (Begin with
‘Were’)
Were an angel to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it.
2.If it had not rained, we would have gone to the theatre. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Had it not rained, we would have gone to the theatre.
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3.If I were a lion, I would kill all the animals in the forest. (Begin with ‘Were’)
Were I a lion, I would kill all the animals in the forest.
4.If I had come earlier, I would have met my grandfather. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Had I come earlier, I would have met my grandfather.
5.If she had attended the interview, she would have been selected. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Had she attended the interview, she would have been selected.
6.If Paul were a rich man, he would help all the poor. (Begin with ‘Were’)
Were Paul a rich man, he would help all the poor.
7.If you should be late once again, you would lose your job. (Begin with ‘Should’)
Should you be late once again, you would lose your job.
8.If he had explained the problem, I would have helped him. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Had he explained the problem, I would have helped him.
PART – III
SECTION – 1
III Explain any two of the following with Reference to the Context. 2x3=6
EXPLAIN WITH REFERENCE TO THE CONTEXT (ERC) (Q.Nos. 31-33)

Explain the following with reference to the context:-
Poem 1
i) Once upon a time, son
They used to laugh with their eyes;
ii) There will be no thrice
iii) I have learned to wear my faces
Like dresses
iv) I want to be what I used to be
Answer:-
Name of the Poem : Once Upon a Time
Name of the Poet : Gabriel Okara
Explanation : (refer to poem paragraph)
Poem 2
i) I am just glad as glad can be
That I am not them, that they are not me
ii) They do not ever in their dealings
Consider one another’s feelings
iii) Athletes, I’ll drink to you,
Or eat with you,
Or anything except compete with you
Answer:-
Name of the Poem : Confessions of a Born Spectator
Name of the Poet : Ogden Nash
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Poem 3
i) In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.
ii) The birds around me hopp’d and play’d
Their thoughts I cannot measure
iii) Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man?
Answer:-
Name of the Poem : Lines Written in the Early Spring
Name of the Poet : William Wordsworth
Poem 4
i) His powers of levitation would make a
Fakir stare
ii) And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s
Always wide awake
iii) And his footprints are not found in any
File of Scotland Yard’s
iv) There may be a scrap of paper in the hall
Or on the stair
But it’s useless to investigate …
v) He always has an alibi, and one or two
To spare
Answer:-
Name of the Poem : Macavity – The Mystery Cat
Name of the Poet : T.S.Eliot
Poem 5
Name of the Poem : Everest is Not the Only Peak
Name of the Poet : V.Kulandaisamy
Key words:
virtues, devotion, repel, cringing, adore, mission, nourish, no kneeling and bending,
summit, stoop, competence, merit, rise of man etc.
Poem 6
i) Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s
And nothing can we call our own but death
ii) All murdered – for within the hollow crown
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
Keeps death his court
iii) Comes at last, and with a little pin
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!
iv) How can you say to me, I am a king?
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Answer:-
Name of the Poem : The Hollow Crown
Name of the Poet : William Shakespeare
SECTION – 2
Answer any Two of the Following out of three:- 2x3=6
PROSE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (Q.Nos.34-36)
Lesson-1 The Portrait of a Lady – Kushwant Singh

1. Describe the grandfather as seen in the portrait.
The author’s grandfather wore a big turban and loose fitting clothes. His long white beard
covered his chest and he looked at least a hundred years old.
2. Why was the author left with his grandmother in the village?
The author’s parents went to live in the city. So he was left with his grandmother in the
village.
3. Where did the author study in his childhood?
The author studied in a village school in his childhood.
4. Why did the grandmother accompany the author to school?
The grandmother accompanied the author to school because the school was attached to
the temple.
5. What made the dogs follow the grandmother after school hours?
The grandmother used to take several stale chappathis with her and give them to the
village dogs on return. So the dogs followed her.
6. Why didn’t the grandmother feel sentimental when the author went abroad for
higher education?
When the grandmother came to send him off in the railway station, her mind was lost in
prayer and her fingers were busy rolling the beads of her rosary. So, she didn’t feel
sentimental.
7. What was the happiest time of the day for the grandmother?
The grandmother’s happiest time of the day was with her sparrows whom she fed longer
and with frivolous rebukes.
8. Describe the author’s grandmother.
The author’s grandmother was short and fat and slightly bent. Her face was a criss-cross
of wrinkles running from everywhere to everywhere.
9. What was the daily routine of the grandmother at home?
The grandmother used to wake his grandson up and get him ready for school. She
accompanied him to school. She read scriptures in the temple attached to the school.
When they returned, she threw chappathis to village dogs.
10. How is school education in the village different from that in the city?
The author had studied alphabets and learnt to recite prayers in the village school. But in
the city, he was taught English words and Western Science.
11. The grandmother appreciated the value of education. Give instances in support
of your answer.
57
The grandmother used to wake his grandson up and get him ready for school. She
accompanied him to school. She read scriptures in the temple attached to the school. All
these show that the grandmother appreciated the value of education.
12. The grandmother was strong-minded. Justify.
The author went upto the university. The grandmother accepted the seclusion. The author
went abroad and returned only after five years. This separation did not affect her. She
was not sentimental when she saw her grandson off.
13. How did the grandmother spend the last few hours of her life?
When the grandmother became ill, she knew that she was going to die. She went on
telling her beads. She ignored the protests of the people around her.
Additional
14. How did the sparrows react when the grandmother died?
The sparrows sat scattered on the floor of the room where the grandmother lay dead. The
author’s mother gave crumbs of bread but the birds took no notice of them. When the
grandmother’s body was carried, the birds flew away.
Lesson-2 The Queen of Boxing by M.C.Mary Kom

1. How did Mary Kom manage to get financial support for her trip to the USA?
Mary Kom’s father managed Rs.2000 for her trip. Two MPs donated Rs.8000 together.
Thus she had managed Rs.10000 for her trip.
2. Why did Mary Kom think that she should not return empty-handed?
The money that she got for participation was got from others. She thought that the efforts
by the people should not go futile. So Mary thought that she should not return empty-
handed.
3. What was her first impression of America?
For her, the USA was cold and beautiful and the snowing was pleasing. The people were
very nice.
4. Why did she call herself ‘lucky’?
After a long journey, she had jet lag. Others had a match on that day and she did not
have one. She could take rest and get ready. So, she felt she was lucky.
5. According to Mary Kom, what was the reason for her losing in the finals?
She lost her appetite and weight before the finals. This was the reason for her losing the
finals.
6. What made her feel confident about the competitive players? Explain.
At the time of her arrival at Pennsylvania, Mary Kom felt tired but lucky to have enough
time to take rest. She won her opponent in the round easily. Then, she went on to reach
the finals. It made her feel confident about the competitive players.
7. What difficulty did she experience while eating Chinese food?
She enjoyed Chinese food but found it difficult to use chop sticks. She tried to manage
with them throwing food inside using hands.
8. How was she felicitated on her return to India?
She was given a warm welcome at Delhi airport. In Imphal, a victory march was taken.
People and leaders showered praises on her. She was presented with a shawl.
9. What did she consider her greatest achievement? Why?
She defeated Steluta Dueta of Romania at the fourth world championships in New Delhi.
She considered it as her greatest achievement.
58
Additional
10. How did Onler help Mary Kom in sending her to the USA?
Onler invited a few students and elders. They met the two MPs. The two MPs donated
Rs.8000 totally.
Lesson-3 Forgetting by Robert Lynd

1. What does Lynd actually wonder at?
Railway travellers lose their articles absent-mindedly. Such absent-mindedness is
common among people. The author wonders at the efficiency of human memory that
causes absent-mindedness.
2. Name a few things that a person remembers easily.
A person remembers telephone numbers, addresses, and appointments for lunch and
dinner. He remembers almost everything he is expected to remember.
3. How do psychologists interpret forgetfulness?
Psychologists say that we forget things because we wish to forget them. Some have
antipathy to pills and potions. So, they fail to remember them at the appointed hours.
4. What is the commonest type of forgetfulness, according to Lynd?
Forgetting to post the letter is the commonest type of forgetfulness according to Lynd.
5. What does the author mean when he says the letter in his pocket leads an
unadventurous life?
The author keeps a letter in his pocket for his safety. Finally, he forgets to post the letter.
Wherever he goes, the letter also travels with him. Here, the author says that the letter in
his pocket leads an unadventurous life.
6. What are the articles the writer forgets most often?
The writer most often forgets books, walking sticks, and his umbrella.
7. Who are the citizens of ‘dreamland’? Why?
Sportsmen are referred to as ‘citizens of dreamland’. Their minds are filled with the
imagination of the games played and titles won. They forget their articles.
8. What is common about the ‘angler’ and the ‘poet’?
The angler’s forgetfulness is a tribute to his enjoyment and great catch of fish. Similarly,
the poet’s forgetfulness is due to a more glorious matter.
9. What made people wonder about the absent-mindedness of their fellow beings?
A list of articles lost by railway travellers was published. It made the people wonder about
the absent-mindedness of their fellow beings.
10. What are our memories filled with?
Our memories are filled with the names of actors, actresses, cricketers, footballers and
murderers.
11. When does human memory work with less than its usual capacity?
Many forget to take medicines at the appointed time. It is only a methodical man, who can
remember his medicines. Here, human memory works with less than its usual capacity.
12. Why, according to Lynd, should taking medicines be one of the easiest actions
to remember?
As a rule, medicine is supposed to be taken before or after meal. The meal itself is a
reminder of it. So, taking medicines should be one of the easiest actions to remember.
59
13. How do the chemists make fortunes of the medicines people forget to take?
People do have medicines in their pockets but forget them. So, they have to buy the
medicines again. This helps chemists to make fortune.
14. The list of articles lost in trains suggests that sportsmen have worse memories
than their ordinary serious-minded fellows. Why does Lynd say this?
The sportsmen’s minds are filled with imagination while returning from the games. They
recall their exploits or their errors. Their memories prevent them from taking small things
like balls and bats from the train. So, the author says that sportsmen have worse
memories than their ordinary serious-minded fellows.
14. What kind of absent-mindedness is regarded as a virtue by Lynd?
The minds of sportsmen and poets are filled with glorious matters. So, they forget ordinary
things like taking the ball or posting the letter. This kind of absent-mindedness is regarded
as a virtue by Lynd.
15. Narrate the plight of the baby on its day out.
A father took his baby out in a pram and slipped into a bar for a glass of beer leaving his
child in the pram. He forgot all about the baby. His wife accidentally saw the baby sleeping
in the pram on her way. She took the baby to her house.
Lesson-4 Tight Corners by Edward Verrall Lucas

1. What is a tight corner? What happens when one finds oneself in a tight corner?
A tight corner is a critical situation. When one finds oneself in a tight corner, he/she thinks
of different ways to escape.
2. What is the difference between a physical and mental tight corner?
Mental tight corner means worries and stress whereas physical tight corner means
physical matters.
3. Why did the narrator visit Christie’s?
The narrator’s friend persuaded him to look in at the sale-room. So, the narrator visited
Christie’s.
4. The narrator heard his own voice saying, ‘and fifty.’ What does this suggest?
The narrator had no intention of buying anything at the sale-room. For fun sake, he said
‘and fifty’ to the price already bid by the opener. The auction of bidding halted at what he
added. Feeling himself caught in a tight corner, he said that he heard his own voice saying
‘and fifty.’
5. What was the narrator’s financial condition?
The narrator had only sixty three guineas in his bank account. Moreover, he did not have
enough securities to borrow money.
6. The narrator could not pretend to have made a mistake in bidding. Why?
The narrator had been bidding for a long time. So, he could not pretend to have made a
mistake in bidding.
7. What could have been the best way for the narrator to get himself out of the tight
corner?
The best way for the narrator to get himself out of the tight corner was to confess his
poverty to Christie’s and request them to auction the picture again.
60
8. Why did the narrator feel he could have welcomed a firing party?
The narrator was deserted by his friend and had to face the tight corner alone. So, he felt
he could have welcomed a firing party at that juncture.
9. What was the bidder’s offer to the narrator?
Fifty guineas extra was the bidder’s offer to the narrator.
10. How did the narrator take advantage of the situation?
The narrator, using his presence of mind, asked for a hundred guineas and he got it.
Questions inside the lesson

11. Describe the activity that was going on in the sale-room at King Street.
Barbizon pictures were sold in the sale-room and they fetched a lot of money.
12. What can you say about the author’s attitude when he high-handedly
participated in the auction?
The author was not aware of the seriousness of the auction. Hence, his high-handed
participation shows his audacity and absurdity.
13. Why was the author sure he would not be caught?
The author was sure that someone would bid higher amount than his. So, he thought he
would not be caught.
14. What made the author ignore his friend’s warning?
The author was not aware of the seriousness of the auction. This made the author ignore
his friend’s warning.
15. How had the author managed the auction without getting involved in the deal?
The author bid some amount and every time someone had bid a higher amount. So, the
author could bid without getting involved in the deal.
16. What came as a shock to the author?
When the author bid 50 in addition to a bidding of 4000 pounds for a picture, his bid
became the highest. He was shocked as he had only 63 pounds.
17. What did the falling of the hammer indicate?
The fall of hammer indicated that the picture was sold.
18. What made the friend laugh heartily?
The author’s friend had advised him against his bidding. The author was caught in a tight
corner. This made the friend laugh heartily.
19. What kind of excuses did the narrator think he could make?
Refer to Q.No.7
20. Why did the friend desert the narrator a second time?
The narrator’s friend deserted him for a second time, because he could not control his
laughter seeing the comedy of the situation.
21. How does the narrator describe the man who approached him?
The narrator described the man who approached him as a messenger of the high gods
wearing a green baize apron and speaking in cockney tones.
22. How does the narrator show presence of mind in the sudden turn of events?
Refer to Q.No.10
23. The narrator would not forget two things about his friend. What are they?
a) His friend’s persuasion to go to Christie’s auction
b) His friend’s laughter.
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Lesson-5 The Convocation Address by Dr.Arignar Annadurai

1. Who does the speaker claim to represent?
The speaker claims to represent a common man.
2. Why are universities necessary for a society?
Universities are storehouses of knowledge. They train the students to do service to our
society in a democracy. So universities are necessary for a society.
3. What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days?
They adorned the chambers of Kings and Lords. Their wisdom was meant only for Lords
and Nobles and not for the common people.
4. In what ways have universities improved the society?
Universities produce graduates equipped with knowledge and service mindedness to
better the society in a democracy.
5. Universities develop broad-mindedness. How does Dr.Radhakrishnan drive
home this idea?
According to Dr.S.Radhakrishnan, universities can develop the true spirit of democracy,
appreciation of others’ views and adjustments through discussions.
6. What should the youngsters aim in life after their graduation?
After graduation, youngsters have a two fold duty. First, they have to earn enough money
for themselves. Secondly, they must give back to society not in terms of money but in
terms of service. They must give hope to the hopeless people.
7. How can a graduate give back to his/her society? Refer to Q.No.6
8. ‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the marketplace’ – What does this
statement signify?
In the past, poets and scholars were servants of Kings and Lords. Their wisdom was
meant only for the mansion (palace) and not for the common people.
9. According to the speaker, how should universities mould the students of the
present day?
Universities can trim, train, guide, lead, and mould the students to serve the society in a
democracy and impart knowledge to ignorant people.
10. How does Arignar Anna highlight the duties and responsibilities of graduates
to the society?
Refer to Q.No.6
11. Students are instilled with some of the essential values and skills while at the
universities. Enumerate them.
Universities are storehouses of knowledge. They train the students to do service to our
society in a democracy.
12. What are the hindrances graduates face in their task of serving the society?
• The self-seekers lead a luxurious life.
• Tyranny of all kinds discourages.
• Hard workers suffer a lot.
These are the hindrances graduates face in their task of serving the society.
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Additional Ques
13. What does the speaker try to convey in the beginning of his speech?
The speaker considers it as a pleasure to be present on the occasion to deliver the
Convocation Address. He reiterates some of the cardinal principles and advice given in
the past.
14. How can a university trim and train, guide and lead a person to function better
in society?
Refer to Q.No.9
15. According to Dr.S.Radhakrishnan, universities ensure the democratic way of
life for the future generations. How?
Refer to Q.No.5
16. List the contributions of the educated youth to the society.
• Imparting knowledge to ignorant people
• Comforting the suffering people
• Giving hope to the hopeless
Lesson-6 The Accidental Tourist by Bill Bryson
1. Give a few instances of Bryson’s confused acts.
Bryson was searching for a card in the bag. The zip got jammed. All the contents were
strewn around when it was forcibly opened. His head got jammed when he leaned to tie
his shoelace.
2. What were the contents of Bryson’s bag?
Newspaper cuttings, other loose papers, a 14 ounce tin of pipe tobacco, magazines,
passport, English money and film were the contents of Bryson’s bag.
3. Describe the fluttery cascade of things tumbling from the bag.
Documents came down in a fluttery cascade, coins bounced, and the tin of tobacco rolled
discharging its contents.
4. Why did the author’s concern over tobacco shift to his finger?
The author’s concern over tobacco shifted to his finger because the author’s finger got
hurt and was bleeding profusely.
5. What happened to Bryson when he leaned to tie his shoelace?
When Bryson leaned to tie his shoelace, the person in the front seat pushed his seat
back. He got stuck in the kneel down position.
6. How did Bryson free himself from the crash position?
By clawing the leg of the man next to him, Bryson freed himself from the crash position.
7. What was Bryson’s worst accident on a plane?
Bryson was writing something in a notebook. He was also sucking the end of his pen.
After a few minutes, he found that his pen had leaked. His mouth, chin, tongue, teeth and
gums were blue.
8. What did Bryson wish to avoid in his life?
Bryson wished to avoid
• Rising from a dinner table shakily
• Closing the door of the car with his coat caught
• Eating ice cream and staining his trousers
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9. How would staying away from liquid mischief benefit Bryson?

Staying away from liquid mischief would benefit Bryson, for it would cut down the laundry
bills.
10. Why did the clerk say that Bryson was not entitled to flyer miles?
The ticket was in the name of B.Bryson and the card was in the name of W.Bryson. So,
the clerk said that Bryson was not entitled to flyer miles.
11. Why doesn’t Bryson seem to be able to do easily what others seem to? Give a
few reasons.
Bryson carries out his day-to-day activities in a mess. He forgets his way to lavatory. He
is unable to remember his room number. He forgets his routine activity which others do
without any fuss.
12. What was the reaction of Bryson’s wife to his antics?
Bryson’s wife knew her husband’s eccentric behaviour. She was neither angry nor
disturbed. Hence, she asked her children to help their father.
13. Briefly describe the ‘accidents’ encountered on the flight by Bryson.
• Bryson leaned over to tie a shoelace. The man in the front seat pushed his seat back.
He got stuck.
• He sucked his pen. It leaked and his mouth, tongue, teeth, and gums became blue.
SECTION-3
Answer any Three of the Following. (Q.Nos.37-40) 3x3=9
DRAFTING A NOTICE
Sample Notice
You are Tarun / Tharini, the president of your school literary association. Your club is
organizing a play on “Life of Kalam”. Draft a notice informing the students about this
play.
Government Hr. Sec. School, YYY

Literary Association
04.03.2020
This is to inform all the students that our school literary association is organizing
a play on “Life of Kalam.” This play will be enacted in our School Auditorium at 6
p.m. on 04.03.2020. All are cordially invited for the programme.
(sd/-) OR
Tarun :President of the Literary Association
Government Hr. Sec. School, YYY

Literary Association
Programme : Play – “Life of Kalam”
Date : 4.3.2021
Venue : School Auditorium
Time : 6.00 p.m.
Students of XI and XII are invited.
(sd/-)
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Tarun :President of the Literary Association
DRAFTING A MESSAGE (XI TB P.18)

You are the Sports Captain of your school. Write a message to the Physical Director
requesting him to be present during the football team selection scheduled for tomorrow.
10 a.m.
2.5.2023
Sir,
The football team selection scheduled for tomorrow. It is to be held in our School
auditorium at 10 a.m. Please be present.
Sports Captain
E-MAIL
Write an email to your uncle thanking him for the gift that he had sent on your birthday.
To: balu@gmail.com
Subject: thanks note
Dear uncle,
My sincere gratitude for your wonderful gift. I love it. The mobile phone is extremely
useful. My regards to all at home.
With love
XXX
OR
To: balu@gmail.com
Subject: thanks note
Dear uncle,
I am sending this mail to thank you for the gift. It is very useful to me.
With love
XXX
DESCRIBING A PROCESS
Write any precautions to be taken at home before a cyclone hit. (Mar 2020)
• Get ready with a torch light /candles
• Turn off the power supply
• Be away from the fire places
• Don’t stay at old houses
Preparing a recipe to make a chocolate cake in a pressure cooker. (XI p.79)
• Take flour, cocoa, and baking powder in a mixing bowl.
• Add butter, sugar, salt and water.
• Beat all using a whisk.
• Add eggs and beat them well.
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• Transfer them into a baking tin.

• Place the baking tin into the pressure cooker.
• Heat the pressure cooker.
• Chocolate cake is ready.
Describe the process of wrapping a Christmas gift. (XI p.80)

• Place the gift in a box.
• Take the required colour paper.
• Place the gift box on the colour paper.
• Wrap the box with its ends.
• Fold the sides properly.
• Paste the corners properly.
• Tie a ribbon around it.
• Add a gift tag with a ribbon.
• Present it to your beloved.
Describe the process of cleaning the tarnished brass items at home. (Mar 2020)
• Dissolve one tea spoon of salt into one cup of vinegar.
• Add flour until the mixture becomes a paste.
• Rub into the brass.
• Keep for about ten minutes.
• Rinse with warm water and make it dry.
Exercise:-
Describe the process of preparing onion raita
DIALOGUE WRITING
Extend the conversation with three more exchanges:-
Patient : Doctor, I have a problem.
Doctor : What’s your problem?
Answer:-
Patient : I am unable to read for a long time.
Doctor : How long are you having this problem?
Patient : For about two months.
Doctor : Nothing to worry. Eat more vegetables and don’t watch TV often.
Patient : Thank you doctor.
Build a dialogue between a beggar and a social reformer with a minimum of three
exchanges. (Mar 2020)
Beggar : Excuse me sir, Please give me some money.
Soc. reformer : Sorry, I cannot give you.
Beggar : Why don’t you give me?
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Soc. reformer : You have a very good physique.

Beggar : Yes sir, I have no work.
Soc. reformer : If I give any work, will you do it?
Beggar : Yes, sir. I will.
Soc. reformer : I will take you to my office.
Beggar : Thank you sir.
Soc. reformer : OK.
NEWS HEADLINES
Examples
XI TB P.78-79
Heavy rains lashed Chennai
Heavy rains threw normal life out of gear in Chennai.
NEET classes to begin on September 20th.
NEET classes will begin on September 20th./ The Centre co-ordinator informed the
candidates that the NEET classes would begin on September 20th.
12 injured as buses colloide.
About 20 passengers were injured at the Dindigul bus terminus here today./
12 passengers were injured as buses colloided in Dindigul.
Municipal Elections in December.
Municipal Elections will be conducted in December 2020.
Telephone customers to get video phone.
Telephone customers will get video phones very soon.
Card licence to replace paper driving licence.
The Central Government announces that Card licence will replace paper driving
licence very soon.
ATM without security guard to close.
Automated Teller Machine centres without security guards will be closed soon.
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NON-VERBAL COMPREHENSION (XII TB P.41, 125, 153, 160)

Write three inferences from the pie chart given below. (XI TB p.52)
Medical facilities 10%
Environment 19%
Genetics 20%
Lifestyle 10% (smoking,

obesity, stress, diet &
nutrition, blood pressure)
• The factors which affect health are given percentage-wise in the pie-chart.
• 20% of our health is determined by our genes
• Our environment plays a vital role.
• Our life style affects our health.
• Smoking and obesity leads to stress and blood pressure.
• Diet & nutrition with medical facilities will make us healthy.
XI p.122
Read the information in the table below and answer the following questions.
S.No Event Year Affected Area

1 Earthquake 2001 Bhuj, Gujarat
2 Tsunami 2004 Coastline TN, Kerala, AP, A&N islands, Pondy
3 Floods July 2005 Maharashtra
4 Earthquake 2008 Kashmir
5 Floods 2008 North Bihar
6 Cyclone 2008 Tamil Nadu
7 Floods 2009 Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka
8 Cyclone 2011 Cuddalore-Tamil Nadu
9 Flash Floods June 2013 Uttarkhand
10 Cyclone Oct 2013 Coastline of Orissa & Jharkhand
11 Floods Dec 2015 Chennai-Tamil Nadu
12 Cyclone Dec 2016 Chennai-Tamil Nadu
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Questions:-
1. What kinds of natural disasters have occurred before 2005?
Earthquake and Tsunami.
2. Name the disasters that are common in India.
Floods and Cyclone
3. Mention the states often affected by disasters.
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
4. List out the disasters that are common in North India.
Cyclone, Floods and Earthquakes
5. Write three sentences on your inference about the data given.
This table is about the natural disasters occurred in India.
Cyclone and Foods are the common disasters in India.
Tsunami affected Tamilnadu and Kerala in 2004.
Study the pie-chart carefully and answer the questions that follow: (XI TB p.122)
1. Which language is spoken by most people?

Mandarin
2. What are the Indian languages that rank among the top five spoken languages?
Hindi and English.
3. Which are the languages that are spoken by less than three percent of people?
Bengali, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, German, Japanese
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Study the following bar graph which gives the details of the Annual Income and
Expenditure of three families in Chennai. Write three sentences on your inference
about the data. (XI Mar 2020)
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000 Income
15000 Expenditure
10000
5000
0
The Sridharans The Mehtas The Henrys
• This bar graph gives the details of the Annual Income and Expenditure of three
families in Chennai.
• The income and the expenditure of The Sridharans family is same.
• The income of The Mehtas family is more than their expenditure.
• The Expenditure of The Henrys family is more than their income.
PROVERBS (XII TB P.119)

Complete the Proverbs:-
1. ………..vessels make much noise.
a) Complete b) Empty c) Pot d) kettle
2. ……..is the index of the mind.
a) Face b) Nose c) Eye d) soul
3. ………..of water make a mighty ocean.
a) Lot b) Heavy c) Ful d) Little drops
4. All that glitters is not ……
a) diamond b) ruby c) gold d) silver
5. ……………is wealth.
a) Health b) Wealth c) Money d) good
6. Barking dogs seldom ……
a) cry b) sob c) bite d) run
7. …….is the best policy.
a) Necessity b) Humility c) Curiosity d) Honesty
8. …………..home is best.
a) East or West b) North or West c) East or North d) East or South
9. Failure teaches ……
a) moral b) success c) legal d) virtues
10. ……..wins the race.
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a) Slow and steady b) Slow and fast c) confidence d) prudence

11. ………….is better than cure.
a) Precaution b) Prevention c) Perception d) Conception
12. ……….is the best help.
a) Self-esteem b) Self-concept c) Self help d) Self pity
13. ………while the iron is hot.
a) Strike b) Beat c) Hit d) Blow
14. ………is the the best teacher.
a) Opportunity b) Possibillity c) Patience d) Experience
15. …..never fails.
a) True love b) True friendship c) kindness d) health
16. Make hay while the …..shines.
a) sun b) moon c) Jupiter d) star
17. ……always triumphs.
a) Lie b) Truth c) Honest d) Moral
18. Look …….you leap.
a) after b) and then c) before d) at
19. …………makes waste.
a) Cast b) Cassette c) Haste d) past
20. …….makes many things.
a) Property b) Honey c) Beauty d) Money
1 One flower makes no garland 28 Borrowed garments never fit well

2 Covet all, lose all 29 Better late than never
3 Haste makes waste 30 No pain no gain
4 Even Homer nods 31 Brevity is the soul of wit
5 Make hay while the sun shines 32 Every dog has its day (May 22)
6 Waste not want not 33 Barking dogs seldom bite
7 All that glitters is not gold 34 A stitch in time saves nine (May 22)
8 Seeing is believing 35 Man proposes God disposes
9 Look before you leap 36 Beggars cannot be choosers
10 Where there is a will, there is a way 37 Call a spade a spade
11 Rome was not built in a day 38 As you sow so you reap
12 As you sow so you reap 39 Misfortune never comes single
13 Strike while the iron is hot 40 Speech is silver, silence is gold
14 Empty vessels make much noise 41 Fortune favours the brave
15 Pen is mightier than the sword 42 No man is an island
16 Honesty is the best policy 43 Practice what you preach
17 To err is human 44 Enough is as good as a feast
18 Birds of same feather flock together 45 Practice is better than precept
19 Union is strength 46 Cut your coat according to the cloth
20 Too many cooks spoil the broth 47 Slow and steady wins the race
21 Blood is thicker than water 48 Still water runs deep
22 Work is worship 49 Rolling stone gathers no moss
23 Many a drop makes an ocean 50 The child is the father of the man
24 Reading makes a perfect man 51 It is no use crying over spilt milk
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25 Health is wealth 52 When one door shuts another opens

26 Truth alone triumphs 53 When in Rome do as Romans
27 Manners maketh a man 54 Borrowed garments never fit well
Model Question:-
Complete the given proverbs by choosing the best option.

i) Cruelty deserves no _______.
a) enemy b) friend c) mercy d) reward
ii) Care and diligence bring _______.
a) bane b) luck c) curse d) downfall
iii) A burnt child ________ fire.
a)likes b) hate c) dreads d) touches
RE-ARRANGING THE WORDS

Rearrange the following jumbled words in proverbs correctly. (Mar 2020)
1. a road / never / a turning / without / there is
2. the last straw / broke the / it was / that / camel’s back
3. the child / and / spare / spoil / the rod
Ans.: 1. Never there is a road without a turning.
2.It was the last straw that broke the camel’s back.
3. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
Unscramble the sentences. XII TB p.219)

1. rupees / lunch / to buy / it / twenty/ costs
2. become/ my/ is/ a doctor / dream/ to
3. eight years/ to win/ it/ took/ the world cup
4. as / a/ I / want/ collector/ to see /you
5. divine/is/to forgive
Ans.:
1. It costs twenty rupees to buy lunch.
2. My dream is to become a doctor.
3. It took eight years to win the world cup.
4. I want to see you as a collector.
5. To forgive is divine.
SLOGAN WRITING
Slogans are written for the purpose of advertising a product or to create an awareness
among the public for a social cause.
e.g Onida TV - Neighbour’s envy, owner’s pride, Corona – No holiday for safety
Tips for writing an effective slogan

• Explain the company’s commitment
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• Be consistent
• Keep is short and simple
• Give them a rhythm, rhyme and ring
• Make it timeless
• Be unique and different
Eg. 1. colgate - stops cavities before they start

2. R.O water - Drink pure water, stay healthy
3. camera - Shoots scenes, not animals
4. junk food - eat healthy to stay healthy
5. labour day - Labourers are your many hands
6. save water - conserve water, conserve life
7. yoga - external and internal purifier
8. blood donation - bring a life back to power
9. apple - an apple a day, keeps the doctor away
1 Air conditioner Bring Switzerland into your room / Keeps cool

2 Ball-point pen Flawless writing
3 Camera Let’s capture the (happy) moment
4 Cell phone Connectivity on the move / World in your hand
5 Chocolates A sweet gift of love
6 Clothes You are what you wear
7 Computer Doorstep (key) to knowledge / Technology at your door
step
8 Credit card Buy now, pay later
9 Detergent Washes white
10 Diapers Dry babies
11 Digital camera Catches / Captures / Keeps the moments/ Say cheese
and freeze
12 Dress For elegant look / For dashing and smashing looks
13 Encyclopedia Storehouse of knowledge
14 Eraser Erases everything but the past
15 Fairness cream Silky glow
16 Family planning One family, One child
17 Five-star hotel Live in the lap of luxury
18 Footwear For smooth walk
19 Gum Fixes everything except broken hearts
20 Hair oil For long hair
21 Health drink Keeps you light and brisk / Gives you strength
22 Hill resort Home away from home
23 Home theatre Armchair viewing
24 Hot packs Warmth for hours
25 Ice cream No more summer, chillers are here / Melts in your mouth
26 Inner wear So soft and smooth and comfortable
27 Insurance LIC is the best policy
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28 Internet banking Why be in a line, when you can be online

29 Jeans clothes Rough and tough
30 Jewellery Dazzle and sparkle
31 Lens Gives clear vision
32 Lipstick Choose the colour of your smile/ Smile in style
33 Match box Make fire in a rare way
34 Micro-tip pen Flawless writing flows
35 Mirror Clear reflection
36 Motorbike For extra mile and smile / Ride with pride / Races like a
horse
37 Mouse The world at a click
38 Music system Hear more, enjoy more
39 Pens The magic of words /Thought transmitter / Glides on the
paper
40 Refrigerator Keep fresh, stay fresh
41 Scooter For smooth riding
42 Seat belts Tuck yourself into safety
43 Shampoo Silky and smooth
44 Shoes Put your best foot forward / A comfortable sole in a cosy
hole
45 Silk sarees Blooms from the looms
46 Slippers Get, set, go / To take in your stride
47 Soap Soup to your skin
48 Steel rods Long and strong
49 Switches Click for flick
50 Telescope Add a new scope to your life
51 Toothpaste For a confident smile
52 Torchlight The sunbeam in your hand
53 Trade union The world of freedom
54 Washing machine remove dirt from clothes
55 Watch / Wrist watch Sharp time for sharp people/on your guard
CORRECTING & EDITING A PASSAGE (XI TB p.17& 81)
Example:
Time is very precious than money. Money once lose can be regained but time once lost
was not forever. Time and tide waits for no one. Lost opportunities may spoil one’s life.
Those who don’t act in time has to repent afterwards. Students prepares his lessons on
advance. Hence proper using of time is essential in life.
Answer:-
Time is more precious than money. Money once lost can be regained but time once lost
is lost forever. Time and tide wait for no one. Lost opportunity may spoil one’s life. Those
who don’t act in time have to repent afterwards. Students prepare their lessons in
advance. Hence proper use of time is essential in life.
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XI P.17
Games and sports helps in recreation. Soccer, cricket, lawn tennis or wrestling is eagerly
watched by millions of fans all over a world. It helps one get a temporary relief from the
tensions of a day. The dedication displayed by all players in the field indicates the mental
and spiritual development of the player.
Answer:-
Games and sports help in recreation. Soccer, cricket, lawn tennis or wrestling are eagerly
watched by millions of fans all over the world. They help one get a temporary relief from
the tensions of the day. The dedication displayed by all players in the field indicates the
mental and spiritual development of the players.
PART – IV
Answer the following. (Q.Nos. 41-47) 7x5=35
PROSE PARAGRAPHS
Prose - 1
• The grandmother was wrinkled, short, fat and bent.
• She helped her grandson get ready for the school.
• She accompanied him to school.
• The priest taught the alphabets and prayers.
• Both of them moved to the city.
• The grandmother could not accompany him to school.
• She accepted the seclusion calmly.
• She recited rosary, and fed the sparrows.
• She celebrated her grandson’s return by singing and beating the drums.
• The next day she fell ill and died peacefully.
Prose - 2
• Mary Kom is an Indian woman boxer.
• She won a silver medal at the world women’s boxing championship in 2001.
• She won several medals from 2001-2004.
• After winning the second gold, she got a government job.
• She won world championships in 2004, 2005 and 2006.
• Mary Kom became successful due to her hard work.
• She was called ‘The Queen of Boxing’ and ‘Magnificent Mary’.
Prose - 3
• The author talks about the power of human memory.
• A man remembers what he likes.
• He forgets things which he dislikes.
• Anglers and poets are known for forgetfulness.
• People forget to take medicines.
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• The author took his baby out one day.

• He returned home empty handed.
• Forgetfulness is a form of freedom sometimes.
Prose - 4
• The narrator took part in an auction.
• Everytime he raised the bid for fun.
• Once he made the highest bid.
• The picture was sold to him.
• He had no money to buy it.
• He was in a tight corner.
• Luckily another bidder asked for that picture.
• He gave it by accepting 100 guineas more than his bid.
• Thus he came out of the tight corner.
Prose - 5
• The universities train the students to be responsible citizens.
• They are the storehouses of knowledge.
• They kindle hope, faith, and confidence.
• It gives confidence to take up responsibilities.
• The government gets money from the revenues.
• A part of it is spent for education.
• The society pays for the education of the graduates.
• The students should refill it in terms of service.
Prose - 6
• Bryson often meets with accidents.
• He becomes easily confused and nervous.
• He struggles to find the lavatory in a cinema.
• He cannot remember his hotel room number.
• When he travels, he makes a great confusion.
• Thus, he suffers and makes others suffer too.
• Mishaps are out of his control.
POEM PARAGRAPHS
Poem - 1
• “Once upon a Time’ is a poem by Gabriel Okara.
• He speaks to his son about the modern people.
• Earlier, the people used to laugh whole heartedly.
• Now they shake hands without hearts.
• He says that he has learnt to change faces.
• He has learnt a fake laugh.
• His teeth look like the fangs of a snake.
• The poet wants to relearn from his son how to laugh sincerely.
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Poem - 2
• ‘Confessions of a Born spectator’ is a poem by Ogden Nash.
• The poet is a determined spectator.
• His own spirit is weak and shy.
• He says that he is not a sportsman.
• The zealous players do not care for others.
• They are keen on winning.
• He is ready to watch matches.
• He will celebrate their success happily.
• He is glad and satisfied that he is only a spectator.
Poem - 3
• ‘Lines Written in Early Spring’ is a poem by William Wordsworth.
• He was in a grove.
• It was filled with the blended notes of nature.
• He watched the birds and twigs enjoying nature happily.
• He thinks sadly about the behaviour of human beings.
• They bring only sorrow and destruction.
• So he ends sorrowfully ‘what man has made of man’.
Poem - 4
• ‘Macavity, the Mystery Cat’ is a poem by T.S.Eliot.
• Macavity is a master criminal.
• He leaves no evidence after doing a crime.
• Even the Scotland Yard is unable to trace him.
• He breaks the human law and the law of gravity.
• He is a devil in the form of a cat.
• All the notorious cats are the agents of Macavity.
• He is the Napolean of crime.
Poem - 5
• ‘Everest is not the only peak’ is a poem by Kulothungan.
• The poet says that we should be proud of our position.
• We should do our duty with devotion.
• Courage is our weapon.
• We should lead an honest life.
• Everest is the highest peak.
• But each hill has its own peak.
• Each position is honourable.
Poem - 6
• This poem is taken from Shakespeare’s Richard II.
• King Richard was deposed by his cousin.
• He is sure of his death.
• Then he talks of graves, epitaphs and death.
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• People leave only their buried place.

• The defeated king is deposed or killed.
• Death is personified as a jester.
• It mocks at the kings who think they are strong.
• He tells his men not to call him a king.
SUPPLEMENTARY READER PARAGRAPHS

Supplementary Reader - 1
• Jimmy and Bob were friends.
• They parted ways to make a good fortune.
• They decided to meet after twenty years.
• Jimmy became a police officer.
• Bob became a criminal.
• As promised, they met after twenty years.
• Jim understood that Bob was a criminal.
• He sent a substitute to arrest Bob.
• Sletherby wanted to become a politician.
• He had got an appointment with Mrs.Saltpen.
• He was travelling by a train to meet her.
• Bertie, son of Mrs.Saltpen was his companion.
• He was in need of three pounds.
• Sletherby was ready to lend.
• But he was very doubtful.
• He thought Bertie as a fraud.
• Later, he came to know about Bertie.
• He was sorry for his mistake.
• The play takes place in a dentist’s clinic.
• Many patients were waiting.
• The dentist arrived.
• The first patient Joe was called in.
• After a while, a nurse carried a hammer, a pair of pliers, and a hacksaw.
• Patients were afraid of the noise inside.
• The patients left the clinic one by one.
• Joe came out and explained.
• The noise was due to opening of doctor’s tool cabinet.
• The misunderstanding creates humour in the story.
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• The narrator wanted to take a photograph.
• He wanted to give it to his family and relatives.
• He went to a studio.
• The photographer was a serious man.
• He found a lot of mistakes in the author’s face.
• Later, the narrator went to receive his photo.
• He was shocked to see it.
• His eyebrows were removed.
• The photo had been retouched and adjusted.
• He became very angry.
• He scolded the photographer.
• To him it was a worthless bauble.
• Miss.Meadows was a music teacher.
• She was engaged to Basil.
• Basil wanted a break up from her.
• So, she became very sad.
• She made the students sing a sad song.
• Later, she received a telegram from Basil.
• Basil assured to marry her.
• Miss.Meadows became very happy.
• The students were now made to sing a happy song.
• Jack and Jill were couple.
• They bought their house, car etc., on instalments.
• Aunt Jane visited them.
• She was shocked to learn about this.
• She advised them not to borrow.
• She gave them a cheque.
• Jill used it to pay the doctor.
• Only one more instalment and the baby would be theirs.
ARTICLE WRITING
Format of a newspaper article
An article is a written work published in a print or electronic medium for propagating
news, research, analysis etc.
1. Provide a catchy or captivating title
2. Name of the author
3. Use simple language
4. Relevant value points to be given
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5. Expand the ideas into 3 or 4 paragraphs.
Eg. Write an article of 150 words for your school magazine to create an awareness
of the dangers posed by indiscriminate use of plastic.
GENERAL PARAGRAPH
My Ambition in Life
A life without any ambition is like a journey without destination. So, we should have
an ambition in life. My ambition is to become a teacher. There are a lot of uneducated
people in India. I will be able to educate them. It is one of the noblest professions. A good
teacher is a friend and guide. So, I want to become a teacher. I will make all efforts to
achieve it.
Science – A Boon or Bane

Science has made our life easy. Everything is available at our doorstep. It has also
created problems. Mixie, grinder and fridge have reduced the burden. Mobile phones
have made communication so easy. New medicines have increased the life span. People
watch TV forgetting duty. Children play computer games. They don’t play any outdoor
games. Science is a good servant but a bad master.
Rain Water Harvesting

Water is the elixir of life. Without water there is no life. This essay deals with rain
water harvesting. Population and industrialization are the reasons for water crisis. The
ground water level is going down. It is the collection of rain water and storing it
underground. This prevents the flooding of roads. It increases the water availability. It
prevents soil erosion. It is the only solution to end water problem.
Environmental Pollution
Pollution means making things dirty or impure. Today the world has become very
much polluted due to the use of advanced technology in all the fields. Land pollution
affects the farmers. It affects the atmosphere. Noise pollution affects the old and the sick.
The smoke causes air pollution. It affects the atmosphere. It causes lung related
diseases. The waste from the factories contaminates water. We cannot use it for drinking.
Let us try to avoid pollution and lead a healthy life.
Write a paragraph of about 150 words on ‘The hazards of using mobile phone’.
All have mobile phones and use them ever. No doubt, we have the world in our hands.
The excessive use of mobile phones negatively affects our mental health and leads to
many kinds of diseases including tumours. Youngsters become addicted to games that
lead to violence. It affects their relationships. Those who are addicted to social networks
may use them while eating, lying in bed, walking and even while driving. This affects their
normal life. Constant use and addiction to mobile phones affect the users physically,
psychologically and socially. So, one should use the mobile phones properly.
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The Teacher I Like Most

A teacher is an asset to a country. I have come across many teachers. Of all, my
English teacher is my favourite teacher. His teaching style is attractive and effective. All
the students listen to him with great attention. He makes us share our views and feelings.
He is a man of principles. He is sincere, punctual and honest. He loves and guides us like
his own children. He encourages us to learn new things. He never scolds students.
Because of all these, I like my English teacher very much.
The Value of Discipline

There is value of discipline in all walks of life. Discipline gives us an opportunity to
learn, experience and grow. Without discipline, there will be chaos. In school if the boys
are not disciplined, they will learn nothing. If the subordinates are indisciplined,
administration of an organization will be difficult. Discipline builds character, develops
strength and unity. It fosters cooperation. So, it is necessary that the students must be
taught discipline.
Need For Moral Education in Schools

Every child possesses high potentials. What it needs is a proper cultivation of good
morals at a young age. The purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge but also
to develop a sense of duty, honour, love of God and humanity. Moral instruction improves
the overall behavior of the students. The social evils such as consumption of alcohol, eve
teasing, disrespect to teachers and senior citizens, terrorism, religious animosity can be
controlled if the students are taught moral values.
The Importance of Good Health

‘A sound mind in a sound body’ goes a saying. Without good health, we cannot
achieve our goals. Defining good health, moves beyond the physical sense. It also
includes emotional and mental equilibrium. Health is also required for building social
relationship. To have good health, we should take care of ourselves in a special way. We
should concentrate on our food. Say NO to fast food. Exercise daily. This will help us to
a great extent to maintain good health.
The Importance of Reading

Reading is one of the best hobbies. ‘With every book you read, a mm knowledge
increases’ says Emerson. It develops your imagination and provides you knowledge.
Good books can influence you positively and guide you towards right direction. Reading
develops language skills and vocabulary. It helps to relax and reduce stress. It increases
creativity and inspires to write. It leads to self-improvement. It keeps your mind active.
Besides, you never feel bored if you develop the habit of reading.
COMPREHENSION (PROSE)
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.
“The Little Tramp”, the unforgettable character Charlie Chaplin invented, was born purely
by accident in 1915. While rushing to a film shoot in California, he grabbed clothes what
other people had left behind in the changing room. And when he emerged, he found, he
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had created a personality everybody loved a little guy in a bowler hat, a close-fitting jacket,
a can, a pair of out sized shoes and a brush-like moustache. Before long, Chaplin found
himself a star. That puzzled him, for he saw himself essentially as a shy British Music Hall
Comedian. The US acknowledged him as its king of silent film comedy. Soon, so did
crowds all over the world.
But life wasn’t a laugh for Charles Spencer Chaplin. Both his parents were Music Hall
artists, who separated when Charlie was very young. His childhood was very sad, for his
mother never earned enough to look after her children. Sometimes, Chaplin had to sleep
on the streets.
Charlie took his first bow on the stage, when his mother made her last appearance. It
happened when her voice broke during a song. Her son stepped on stage and sang a
popular song. That’s when a star was born.
Questions:-
a) Which unforgettable character did Charlie Chaplin invent?
b) Describe the personality created by Charlie whom everybody loved.
c) What did Charlie see himself as?
d) Give one reason to show that Charlie’s early life was very sad.
e) Find the word in the passage that is opposite in meaning to.
i)bold ii) tragedy
Answer:-
a) The Little Tramp
b) Everybody loved a little guy in a bowler hat, a close-fitting jacket, a can, a pair of
out sized shoes and a brush-like moustache.
c) Charlie found himself a star.
d) His childhood was very sad, for his mother never earned enough to look after her
children. Sometimes, Chaplin had to sleep on the streets.
e) i) shy ii) comedy
COMPREHENSION (POEM)
Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow:-
Sympathy By Paul Laurence Dunbar
I know what the caged bird feels, alas!
When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;
When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass,
And the river flows like a stream of glass;
When the first bird sings and the first bud opes,
And the faint perfume form its chalice steals –
I know what the caged bird feels!
i) In line 4, the phrase “like a stream of glass” suggests the water is
a) cold b) clear c) direct d) hard
ii) In line 5, the word ‘opes’ means
a) Closes b) cracks d)opens d) fails
iii) What is the tone or the mood of the poem? Ans: Sympathy
iv) Suggest a suitable title for the poem. Ans: Sympathy
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HINTS DEVELOPING
Expand the following outlines into complete stories and supply a suitable title for
each.
Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.
Farmer in a village – had a hen – golden egg – farmer became rich by selling golden
eggs – greedy – thought to get all eggs at a time – killed the hen – found no eggs.
Answer:-
The Greedy Farmer
Once upon a time, there lived a farmer in a village. He had a hen. The hen used
to lay a golden egg every day. The farmer used to sell the golden egg in the market and
got huge amount of money. Soon he became rich. He got a big house built. But the farmer
was very greedy. He wanted to get more eggs every day. He thought, “At present I get
an egg every day. This is not enough. Why should I not get all the eggs at a time? I must
kill the hen to get all the golden eggs at a time”. And the greedy farmer killed the hen. He
did not find any egg. He felt very sad. This happened only due to his greediness.
Moral: Greediness is the cause of all sorrows.
LETTER WRITING
Formal Letter (Official) (format) Informal Letter (Personal) (format)

From Place : YYY
XXX, Date : …….
YYY. Dear ……..,
To (body of the letter)
…….,
…….. With regards,
Sir, Yours lovingly,
Sub: XXX
Ref: Address on the envelope:-
(body of the letter) To
Thanking you, ………,
………..
Place: YYY Yours faithfully
Date : ……. XXX
Address on the cover:-
To
……
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Personal Letter – Write a letter to your friend sharing your travel experience to
Delhi.
YYY,
21.6.2022
Dear.........,
I am fine. I am studying well. My parents are also well. How are you? How are
you studying? How are your parents?
Recently, I have visited Delhi. In Delhi, I visited many historical and important
places. They are Red fort, India gate, Museum, Lotus temple, Rashtrapathi Bhavan and
Parliament house.
All these places have educative value. Really, I have enjoyed visiting Delhi. The
people are very friendly. This is the memorable experience in my life. If you get a
chance, you may also visit Delhi.
With warm regards,
Yours lovingly,
XXX
Address on the cover:
To
R . Sundar,
12, Bharathi road,
Guhai, Salem.
Official Letter – Write a letter to the Curator of the Museum seeking permission
for a visit.
From
xxx,
yyy.
To
The Curator,
Alagappa Museum,
Alagappa University,
Karaikudi
Sir/Madam,
Sub: Seeking permission for visiting the Museum – Reg.
We are the students studying in Standard XII in SMSV Hr. Sec. School, Karaikudi.
We are very much eager to know the life history of Dr.Alagapa Chettiar. In the Museum,
the life history of Alagappa Chettiar is displayed. We are thirty students to visit the
Museum. I am the class leader requesting you to grant permission.
Thanking you,
Place: Yours truly,
Date: XXX
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Address on the Cover:

The Curator,
Alagappa Museum,
Alagappa University,
Karaikudi.
Letter Writing With CV (format) / Respond to Ad (format)

From
xxx,
yyy.
To
—’
—.
Dear sir/Madam,
Sub: Application for the post of ---------- reg.
Ref: Your advertisement in the THE HINDU dated ------
With reference to the above, I wish to apply for the post of _____. I am a graduate.
I have …. years of experience. I have enclosed my Bio-data for perusal.
Thanking you,
Yours truly,
xxx
BIO DATA
Place: YYY xxx

Date : (exam date) Signature
To
---------------------,
Read the following advertisement and respond to it with a resume / bio-data / CV

---------------------.
considering yourself fulfilling the conditions specified. [Write XXXX for your
name and YYYY for your address]
Wanted
English teacher – post graduate with computer knowledge, and good communication
skills, Minimum 2 Years of Experience is mandatory.
Apply to : Post Box No : 1998
C/o. The Hindu
Chennai – 01
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From
xxxx,
yyyy
To
Post Box No : 1998
C/o. The Hindu
Chennai – 01
Sir,
Sub: Application for the post of Post Graduate English Teacher - reg.
Ref: Your advertisement in the THE HINDU dated 21.06.2023.
I wish to apply for the post of Post Graduate English Teacher I have enclosed
my Bio-data. If selected, I will prove my worth.
Thanking you,
Yours truly,
xxx
BIO DATA
1. Name : xxx
2. Father’s name : zzz
3. Age & DOB : dd/mm/yyyy
4. Nationality : Indian
5. Qualification : M.A., B.Ed., (English)
6. Experience : 2 years
7. Languages known : Tamil, English
8. Address : yyyy
yyyy
9. Reference : To my previous employer
Declaration
The particulars given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Place: YYYY xxx
Date : 22.06.2023 Signature
NOTE MAKING/SUMMARY WRITING

Note Making:
1) Give a title to the passage
2) Pick out the key points
3) Condense the points
4) Pick out the concluding idea in the passage
5) Organise the points and number them
86
Summary writing
Rough Draft
Title
(sentences)
Fair Draft
Title
(Meaningful sentences)
REPORT WRITING (XI TB p.83-84)
The main parts of the report are:

• Title
• Introduction
• The scope
• Duration, data collection, detailed discussion and their analysis
• Conclusion
Example:-
You are the School Pupil Leader. Your school organized an inter-school sports event at
Nehru Stadium. Write a report on the special events conducted in 100-120 words for the
school souvenir.
Answer:
Inter School Sports
Our school conducted a colourful inter-school sports meet on …… at Nehru Stadium. 15
schools participated in it. The event started at 7.45 a.m. The ground was decorated with
flags and festoons. Our school principal …… lighted the Olympic torch. Athletes from
participating schools vide with each other to prove their stamina. In 100
metresMaster.XXX of …. School set a new record. Medals and certificates were issued
to the winners and participants. The spectators encouraged the participants. The event
came to an end with the National Anthem.
FIELD IDENTIFICATION
Match the following with their right field, choosing appropriately from the box
given.
(XII TB p.119) Machinery Sports Transportation Geography Weather Travel
snow-board - Sports
snow-mobile - Transportation
snow-chains - Machinery
snow-storm - weather
snow-bird - travel
snow-belt - Geography
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Agriculture étrha« Art fiy

Botany jhtuéaš Business tâf«
Commerce tâféaš Computer fâå
Education fšé Environment R‰W¢ NHš
History tuyhW Industry bjhê‰rhiy
Law r£l« Literature Ïy¡»a«
Media Clf« Medicine kU¤Jt«
Music Ïir Movie Áåkh
Nutrition and C£l¢r¤J k‰W« Politics muÁaš
Dietics czÎKiw
Religion kj« Science m¿éaš
Social Service r_fnrit Space é©btë
Sports éisah£L Taxation tç
Tourism R‰Wyh Weather fhyãiy
Science & m¿éašbjhêšE£g« Trade tâf«
Technology
Information jftšbjhêšE£g« Tourism R‰Wyh
technology
Industry bjhê‰rhiy
Identify the semantic field for the given sentences:-

a)Shakespeare was the greatest dramatist - Literature
b)Cyber crimes are on the increase now - Computer
c)Tractors are used to till the land - Agriculture
d)Afforestation helps stop floods - Environment
e)ISRO has successfully sent a rocket - Space
DIALOGUE WRITING
Conversation between a student who wishes to open an account and a bankclerk.
Student : Good morning, madam.

Bank Clerk : Good morning, what can I do for you?
Student : I would like to open an account in your bank.
Bank Clerk : Are you a student of a school or a college?
Student : I am a student of Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Asoka puram.
Bank Clerk : Why do you want to open an account?
Student : My class teacher advised me to open an account to receive the monetary
benefits from government schemes.
Bank Clerk : Here is an application form to open an account in our bank.Fill it up with
all necessary details.
Student : Should I enclose any document with the form?
Bank Clerk : Yes. You should enclose a valid identity proof and an address proof that
are approved by the government.
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Student : Madam, can I submit the form and documents tomorrow?

Bank Clerk : Okay. You need to make an initial deposit of Rs. 500/- to open an
account.
Student : Sure Madam, Thank you.
Bank Clerk : You are welcome.
ERROR SPOTTING
1. He gave me an one rupee note. Ans: He gave me a one rupee note.
2. Though she is weak but she is active. Ans: Though she is weak, she is a active .
3. She kept the book in the table. Ans: She kept the book on the table.
4. None of you know the answer. Ans: None of you knows the answer.
5. We speak the English. Ans: We speak English.
6. Children prefer TV games than story books.
Ans: Children prefer TV games to story books.
7. Mala is a M.A. in English. Ans: Mala is an M.A. in English.
8. One of the boy has got the first prize. Ans: One of the boys has got the first prize.
9. Two and two make four. Ans: Two and two makes four.
10. Though he was poor but he was honest.Ans:Though he was poor, he was honest.
11. Sheela is junior than me. Ans: Sheela is junior to me.
12. Ramesh went to abroad (remove to) Ans: Ramesh went abroad.
13. Guilty must be punished. Ans: The guilty must be punished.
14. Though he is still but he attend the class.Ans: Though he is ill, he attends the class.
15. The Principal with all the teachers arepresent.
Ans: The Principal with all the teachers is present.
16. If they had contacted me, I would help them.
Ans: If they contacted me, I would help them.
17. He is confident on his success. Ans: He is confident of his success.
18. My father gave me a lot of advices. Ans: My father gave me a lot of advice.
19. He took up gymnastic when he was seven years old.
Ans: He took up gymnastics when he was seven years old.
1. A group of twelve students are travelling together.
Ans: A group of twelve students is travelling together.
21. John is best student in the class. Ans: John is the best student in the class.
22. The cat was sitting in a wall. Ans: The cat was sitting on a wall.
23. Ahonest man is always respected. Ans: An honest man is always respected.
24. Mathematics are my favourite subject.Ans: Mathematics is my favourite subject.
25. Each of the student has participated in the competition.
Ans: Each of the students has participated in the competition.
26. If I was a bird I would fly. Ans: If I were a bird, I would fly.
27. He is my cousin brother. Ans: He is my cousin.
28. No one know the answer. Ans: No one knows the answer.
29. She goes to school by feet. Ans: She goes to school on foot.
30. Sun rises in the East. Ans: The sun rises in the East.
31. Gopi is one of the tallest boy. Ans: Gopi is one of the tallest boys.
32. I am a teacher, isn’t I? Ans: I am a teacher, aren’t I?/ ain’t I?
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33. He is a M.Sc., student. Ans: He is an M.Sc student.

34. They discussed about the matter. Ans: They discussed the matter.
35. The luggages is very heavy. Ans: The luggage is very heavy.
36. The Taj Mahal is one of the greatest wonder of the world.
Ans: The Tajmahal is one of the greatest wonders of the world.
37. He congratulated me for winning the election.
Ans: He congratulated me on winning the election.
38. He wears aHMT watch presented by his uncle.
Ans: He wears an HMT watch presented by his uncle.
39. Neither he or you is active. Ans: Neither he nor you are active.
40. He joined an European University last year.
Ans: He joined a European University last year.
41. He sold his furnitures. Ans: He sold his furniture.
42. Sitting near the window and he saw the crowd.
Ans: Sitting near the window, he saw the crowd.
43. The cow is an useful animal. Ans: The cow is a useful animal.
44. One of the minister walked out. Ans.: One of the ministers walked out.
45. She is angry at her husband. Ans.: She is angry with her husband.
46. The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting. Ans.: The scenery of Kashmir is
enchanting.
47. Let us hope through the best. Ans.: Let us hope for the best.
48. Unless you study well you will pass. Ans.: Unless you study well, you will not pass.
49. Sheela writes well, isn’t she? Ans.: Sheela writes well, doesn’t she?
Read the following sentences. Spot the error and correct them. (XI Mar 2020)
1. We saw a few girls playing in the park today morning.
2. The interior decoration in all the rooms are awesome.
3. My mother hardly goes out without an umbrella, doesn’t she?
4. Though I have done my interview well, I was not selected.
5. Some parents keep their children with control.
Ans:
1. We saw a few girls playing in the park this morning.
2. The interior decoration in all the rooms is awesome.
3. My mother rarely goes out without an umbrella, does she?
4. Though I did my interview well, I was not selected.
5. Some parents keep their children under control.
Read the following sentences. Spot the error and correct them. (XII Mar 2020)
1. It will be a waste throwing the food away.
2. Kailash never does any work behind 10.00 p.m.
3. Neither Suresh nor Kamalesh are intelligent.
4. Nithya has taken half day leave.
5. One of my uncle lives in Canada.
Ans:
1. It will be a waste throwing the food away/
It will be a waste to throw the food away.
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2. Kailash never does any work after 10.00 p.m.

3. Neither Suresh nor Kamalesh is intelligent.
4. Nithya has taken half a day leave.
5. One of my uncles lives in Canada.
#####
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HIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR

GENERAL ENGLISH
MODEL PAPER-1
TIME: 3:00 Hrs MARKS:90
Part - I
Choose the correct answer for each of the following from the options given.
(20x1=20)
I) A) Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined lexical item in each
of the following sentences. 3 1. Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale,
puckered face……
a) graceful b) fresh c) smoothed d) wrinkled
2. It is the efficiency rather than the inefficiency of human memory that compels my
wonder.
a) irritation b) inability c) inferiority d) ability
3. …… we have to re-call the struggles of the past and realize the perils and
possibilities……
a) safeties b) dangers c) securities d) certainty
B) Choose the most accurate of the four given words which is opposite to the
usage of the underlined word in the following sentences. 3
4. The other teams had already completed their weight in, which is compulsory for all
players.
a) required b) obligatory c) voluntary d) compulsion
5. The staff looked so prosperous and unsympathetic.
a) rich b) wealthy c) poor d)
luxurious
6. It was at this point that my wife looked at me with an expression of wonder – not
anger or exasperation.
a) irritation b) calmness c) vexation d) annoyance
C) Answer all the questions. 14 x 1= 14

7. Choose the clipped form of “Demonstration”.
a) Demon b) Monster c) Demo d) Station
8. Choose the right definition for the given term “Pathologist”.
a) one who studies diseases b) one who studies insects
c) one who studies earthquake d) one who studies birds
9. Choose the meaning of the idiom “Back to the wall”.
a) In serious difficulty b) abandoning one who is in difficulty
c) try any method to overcome a crisis d) sign of something going wrong
10. Choose the meaning of the foreign word in the sentence:
Talking business at dinner is a “faux pas” in France.
a) genuine b) social blunder c) summary d) secret session
11. Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “toll”.
a) Plaza b) late c) proof d) wheel
12. Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the root word “audible”.
a) in b) re c) un d) de
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13. Choose the expanded form of “GST”.

a) Goods and Service Trade b) Goods and Savings Term
c) Goods and Service Tax d) Good Social Tax
14. Choose the Tri-syllabic word.
a) grandmother b) tourist c) photographer d) lesson
15. Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word - accident
a) _______ ment b) _______ able c) _______ al d) _______ ic
16. Replace the underlined word choosing the most appropriate phrasal verb.
The meeting will continue in your absence.
a) carry on b) carry out c) carry off d) carry in
17. Choose the unclipped form of ‘mark’.
a) remark b) market c)demarcate d)marks
18. Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrase.
He played _________ his illness.
a)in case of b) in spite of c)in the event of d) with regards to
19. Choose the most appropriate question tag for the following sentence.
Cities are increasingly becoming urbanized, ______?
a) don’t they b) do they c) aren’t they d)are they
20. Complete the following sentence choosing the most appropriate modal verb.
Bharath _______like to meet the celebrity.
a) will b) can c) could d)may.
Part – II
Answer any seven of the following: (7x2=14)
II) a. Read the given sets of poetic lines and answer the questions that
follow:(Answer any four out of six)
21. If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature’s holy plan.
a) What is the figure of speech implied in this line.
b) Why does the poet call it ‘holy’?
22. For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity.
a) Identify the poem and the poet.
b) Explain the phrase ‘monster of depravity’.
23. “A life that knows no kneeling and bending
We are proud and feel so tall”
a) What kind of a life, does the poet talk about?
b) Pick out the alliterated words.
24. “And nothing can we call our own but death
And that small model of the barren earth”
a) Pick out the rhyming words in these lines.
b) What is the small model of the barren earth?
25. ‘But now they only laugh with their teeth,
While their ice-block-cold eyes…’
a) Who are ‘they’?
b) Identify the figure of speech used here.
26. With all my heart I do admire
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire
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a) Whom does the poet admire?

b) For what reason do the athletes sweat?
b. Do as Directed: (Answer any three out of four)
27. Rewrite the following dialogue in reported form.
Taj : Where are you going now?
Harsha : I am going to the library. Are you coming with me?
28. Rewrite the following sentence in its passive form.
Kaleel wrote a letter to the editor .
29. Combine the sentences using ‘if’.
Ragavi did not come yesterday. She was ill.
30.Transform the following into a complex sentence.
Balaji was too tired to work.
Part – III
III. Answer any seven of the following: (7x3=21)
a. Explain any two of the following with Reference to the Context:
31. In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.
32. I have learned to wear my faces
Like dresses …
33. Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,
And nothing can we call our own but death;
b. Answer any two of the following questions briefly:
34. Why did the grandmother accompany the author to school?
35. What is a tight corner? What happens when one finds oneself in a tight corner?
36. When does human memory work with less than its usual capacity?
c. Answer any three of the following: (any three out of four)
37. Re-arrange the shuffled words and frame into meaningful sentences.
i. them/ being/ is/ a house /constructed/ by.
ii. the door/ not/ slammed/ be/ let.
iii. saw/ entering/ I/ somebody/neighbour’s house/ my.
38. Extend the conversation with three more exchanges .
Seema : Could I get something to eat immediately?
Waiter : Yes Ma’am. We have hot idlies.
39. Expand the following news headlines :
i) AIIMS hospital at Madurai soon.
ii) New Syllabus and textbooks for Std 1,6,9 and 11 students.
iii) India won the ODI series against New Zealand.
40. Describe the process of making lime juice.
Part - IV
IV)Answer the following: (7x5=35)
41. Why was Mary Kom named the “Queen of Boxing”.
(OR)
Bring out the pun in the title “The Accidental tourist”.
42. Do you think the poet wants to say that man is unhappy because he has lost his link
with nature and forgotten how to enjoy nature or because man is cruel to other men?
(OR)
94
Write a short summary of the poem “The Hollow Crown”.

43. Narrate the experiences of Leacock with the photographer.
((OR)
Describe Miss Meadows’ mood before and after receiving the telegram. How did it affect
her class.
44. Write a summary or Make notes of the following passage.
There are basically two types of auctions: ascending-bid auctions and descending-bid
auctions. Ascending-bid auctions start out with a low bid for an object. The price of the
object is gradually raised until only one bidder remains. By contrast, descending-bid
auctions start out with a high bid and the price is progressively lowered until a customer
expresses a willingness to purchase the object. Both procedures have a number of
variants. For example, in some types of auctions a professional auctioneer declares the
suggested bids. In other types of auctions, however, the customers make their own bids.
Another variant, used at places such as eBay or Yahoo Auction, is called a "buyout
option". A high price for an item is declared. Anyone willing to pay that price is guaranteed
a purchase. This variant seems to appeal consumers who dislike uncertainty: for a fixed
price they are guaranteed an object. "Buyout options" are most commonly used if the
seller has a stock of several copies of the same item.
Both ascending-bid and descending-bid auctions can be conducted in either open or
closed formats. In open formats, all participants know what exactly how much an object
is going for. For example, at many Japanese fish markets, wholesalers gather around the
fish to be purchased and raise their hands as the auctioneer names progressively higher
prices. In closed auctions, participants are unaware of how much other participants are
willing to pay for an object. For example, a case in which participants used sealed
envelopes to place their bids on a piece of real estate represents this type of auction.
Though open auctions generally yield higher prices, closed formats are sometimes
preferred in situations in which the privacy of the prospective buyers is considered
paramount or the need to document precisely how much each party bid is high.
45. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The term plutocracy is generally used to describe these two distinct concepts: one of a
historical nature and one of a modern political nature. The former indicates the political
control of the state by an oligarchy of the wealthy. examples of such plutocracies include
the Roman Republic, some city-states in Ancient Greece, the civilization of Carthage, the
Italian city-states/merchant republics of Venice, Florence, Genoa, and pre-WWII Empire
of Japan zaibatsus. Before the equal voting rights movement managed to end it in the
early 20th century, many countries used a system where rich persons had more votes
than poor. A factory owner may for instance have had 2000 votes while a worker had one
or if they were very poor no right to vote at all. Even artificial persons such as companies
had voting rights. Most western democracies permit partisan organizations to raise funds
for politicians, and political parties frequently accept significant donations from various
individuals (either directly or through corporations or advocacy groups.
i)What is the historical nature of plutocracy?
ii)Which word in the passage mean “ important”.
iii) State whether the following statement is True or False.
The poor were denied the right to vote.
iv) Name any two plutocratic countries.
95
v) How do political parties raise funds?

(OR)
Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow :
I know what the caged bird feels, alas!
When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;
When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass,
And the river flows like a stream of glass;
When the first bird sings and the first bud opes,
And the faint perfume from its chalice steals—
I know what the caged bird feels!
i) In line 4, the phrase “like a stream of glass” suggests the water is

a) cold b) clear c) dirty d) hard
ii) In line 5, the word ‘ opes” means
a) closes b) cracks c) opens d) falls
iii) What is the tone or the mood of the poem?
iv) Suggest a suitable title for the poem.
v) Pick one word from the poem which is opposite to ‘stink’.
46. Read the following advertisement and respond to it with a resume/bio-data/CV
considering yourself fulfilling the conditions specified: [Write XXXX for your name
and YYYY for your address]
Wanted
English teacher - post graduate with computer knowledge, and good communication
skills. Minimum 2 Years of Experience is mandatory
Apply to : Post Box No : 1998, C/o. The Hindu, Chennai - 02.
(OR)
Write a paragraph in about 200 words on any one of the following :
a) My ambition in life. b) The impact of Computers in the modern world.
47. Frame a dialogue with a minimum of ten exchanges for the given situation:
Between two players after their team lose a match very narrowly.
(OR)
Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.
Farmer in a village - had a hen- Golden egg- farmer became rich By selling golden eggs
-greedy - thought to get all eggs at a time - killed the hen -found no eggs.
#####
96

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1 11th LBM/RA & IJK

Material for Late Bloomers

gFÂ-m (1 kÂ¥bg© édh)

Ï¥gFÂ¡F 20 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. édh¡fŸmo¥gilæš nf£f¥gL«.

gFÂ– M (2 kÂ¥bg© édh)

Ï¥gFÂ¡F 14 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. 21-26 tiu cŸsédh¡fŸ brŒÍëš ÏUªJ« 27 Kjš 30

gFÂ-Ï (3 kÂ¥bg© édh)

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gFÂ - < (5 kÂ¥bg© édh)

Ï¥gFÂ¡F 35 kÂ¥bg©fŸ. 41-43 tiuæyhd nfŸéfŸ g¤Â¡ nfŸéfŸ. ghl«,

bkh¤j¤Âš M§»y¥ ghl¤ij fZl¥g£L¥ go¡fhkš ÏZl¥g£L¥ go¤jhš bt‰¿

S.No CONTENT Q.No. Page

Part-III (Three Mark Questions) 31-40

S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

Prose 2 THE QUEEN OF BOXING - M.C.MARY KOM

S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

13 adverse = unfavourable x favourable

Prose 3 FORGETTING - ROBERT LYND

S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

Prose 4 TIGHT CORNERS - E.V.LUCAS

S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

Prose 5 THE CONVOCATION ADDRESS - Dr.ANNADURAI

S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

Prose 6 THE ACCIDENTAL TOURIST - BILL BRYSON

S.No Words Synonyms Antonyms

CLIPPED WORDS (XI TB p.72)

1 aeroplane plane 17 examination exam

Answer all the questions (Q.Nos. 7-20) 14 x 1= 14

ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS (XI TB P.39)

IIM : Indian Institute of Management

ARTICLES & DETERMINERS (XI TB P.10,11)

ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners. (XI TB p.11)

Fill in the blanks with articles

Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners: (XI TB p.11)

2. Complete the following sentence using appropriate articles.

27. science + fiction = scifi

BRITISH ENGLISH & AMERICAN ENGLISH

British American British American

COMPOUND WORDS (XI TB P.6)

Compound word Combination Compound word Combination

CONCORD (XI TB P.80-81)

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE (XI TB P.116-118)

i) Complete the following with appropriate conditional clauses. (XI TB p.117)

ii) Complete the following paragraph. (XI TB p.117)

CONFUSABLES/HOMOPHONES (XI TB P.7-8, 71-72)

1. We have a short break between the sessions. (,ilntsp)

desert (ghiytd«) dessert (gHtif) yearn (tpUk;G) urn (FLit)

Impolite Polite(Euphemism) Impolite Polite(Euphemism)

IDIOMS (XI TB P.32,40,64,111-112,173)

XI TB p.40, 111, 112, 173

MODAL AND SEMI/QUASI MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS (XI TB P.42-44)

Examples: (XII TB p.13)

Task – 1 (XII Page No. 14)

Task – 2 (XII Page No. 14)

PHRASAL VERBS (XI TB P.112-113)

Phrasal verb Meaning Phrasal verb Meaning

S.No Phrasal verb Meaning S.No Phrasal verb Meaning

PREFIX & SUFFIX (XI TB P.7,39)

PREPOSITION (XI TB P.44-47)

about g‰¿ above nkny across FW¡nf

into cŸns near mU»š of cila

• The bank is _________ the park. opposite

QUESTION TAG (XI TB P.120-121)