2022 6 21 String Pheno JW Cobo Seminar

Cobordism and Deformation Class of
the Standard Model and Beyond
Juven Wang
Harvard CMSA
arXiv: 1910.14668 [JHEP], 2106.16248 [PRD], 2111.10369, 2202.13498

2012.15860 [PRD], 2008.06499, 2006.16996,
2112.14765, 2204.08393 [PRD], 1810.00844 [JMP], 1809.11171 [PRR]
w/ Zheyan Wan (YMSC), Yi-Zhuang You (UCSD),
X.G.Wen (MIT), E.Witten (IAS), ...
Special thanks to Miguel Montero.
String-Pheno seminar, Tue, June 21, 2022
Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 1

Open question in High-Energy Physics (HEP): how are the strong,
electromagnetic, weak forces in the Standard Model (SM) unified at
high energy? (The role of gravity?)
1st View - Conventional Lore: SM is a 4d Lorentz invariant
renormalizable quantum effective field theory (QFT/EFT). At higher
energy scales, smaller gauge groups merge into larger gauge groups.
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), SUSY, string/M/F, etc.
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2nd Complementary View - Our approach: SM is a 4d EFT,
only one possible phase among many phases, at zero temperature.
A parent EFT controls the tuning of SM to GUT phase transitions.
Neighbor GUT competition. SM near quantum criticality.
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Related ideas: Deformation class or cobordism class
of QFT (Seiberg ’19. etc. JW-Wen ’13-’18, 1809.11171),
of Quantum Gravity (McNamara-Vafa ’19, 1909.10355, etc.)
“Within same (invertible) symmetry G and ’t Hooft anomaly Zd+1 (invertible
TQFT), different dd QFTs can be deformed to each other via adding degrees of
freedom at short distance/high energy that preserve the same (G , Zd+1 ).”
Classify dd Anomalies and (d + 1)d iTQFT/SPTs via Cobordism
iTQFT: invertible topological field theory. Invertible path integral Z(M ).
SPTs: Symmetry-protected topological state.
Bordism group (discrete and abelian group Z or Zn class): ΩGd+1
• +: the disjoint union.
• Closure: Disjoint union of manifolds is a manifold.
• Identity: 0 is the empty manifold.
• Inverse: [M ] + [M̄ ] = 0 since ∂(M × [0, 1]) = M t M̄ .
• Associativity and commutativity: true for disjoint union.
Spin cobordism:Kapustin-Thorngren-Turzillo-Wang’14 (proposed), Freed-Hopkins’16 (systematic),

Wan-JW’18 arXiv:1812.11967: Encode higher-symmetry/classifying space.
Here we only concern a cobordism group TPd +1 (G ) ,
(TPd +1 (G ))free = (ΩGd+2 )free : local anomaly.
(TPd +1 (G ))tors = (ΩGd+1 )tors : global anomaly.
• Our test (also JW-Wen ’18,-Wan ’19 -You, Garcia-Etxebarria-Montero’18,
Davighi-Gripaios-Lohitsiri’19):
• McNamara-Vafa 1909.10355:
Cobordism of compactification spaces serves as a domain wall.
Cobordism conjecture of quantum gravity ΩQGD−d = 0:
(D − d)d compact manifold cobordant to an empty manifold.
dd theory has an end-of-world (d − 1)d domain wall to nothing.

Standard Model (SM) with (15+1)Nf Weyl fermions coupled to
Yang-Mills gauge su(3)c × su(2)L × u(1)Y in representation (rep):
(3) (2) (2)
)Y
)X
)Y
)X
(1
(1
(1
(1
3 ×(Nf = 3).
uL νe L
2 1 1 2 - 3 -3 Each Weyl fermion
dL eL
uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5 2L of Spin(3,1)
dR 1 2 -3 eR 1 6 1
d¯R ⊕ lL ⊕ qL ⊕ ūR ⊕ ēR ⊕?ν̄R
= (3, 1)2,L ⊕ (1, 2)−3,L ⊕ (3, 2)1,L ⊕ (3, 1)−4,L ⊕ (1, 1)6,L ⊕?(1, 1)0,L .
SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
SM gauge group GSMq ≡ Zq
with q = 1, 2, 3, 6.
Open Issues:
• Neutrino ν̄R exists or not? (15 vs 16 fermions) How many ν̄R for
Nf = 3? How do νL (of lL ) and ν̄R get masses? Dirac vs Majorana?
• Proton stability or decay.
Check: discrete B ± L symmetries, global anomalies, cobordism.
Spacetime and internal symmetry of the Standard Model (SM)?
15 or 16 Weyl fermion multiplet (ψL )I = (d¯R ⊕ lL ⊕ qL ⊕ ūR ⊕ ēR )I ⊕ nνI,R ν̄I,R ∼

(3, 1)2 ⊕ (1, 2)−3 ⊕ (3, 2)1 ⊕ (3, 1)−4 ⊕ (1, 1)6 I ⊕ nνI,R (1, 1)0 .
Here I, J ∈ {1, 2, . . . , Nf = 3}.
Lagrangian:
X 1 a θ3 2 µνµ0 ν 0 a
LSM = − FI ,µν FIaµν − g3 a
F3,µν F3,µ † µ
0 ν 0 + ψ ( i σ̄ Dµ,A )ψL
L
4 64π 2
I =1,2,3
−(ψL† φψR + h.c.) + |Dµ,A φ|2 − U(φ).
LYH = ψL† φψR + h.c. contains

LdYH + LuYH + LeYH = λdIJ qLI† φdRJ + λuIJ ab qLa
I† ∗ J
φb uR + λeIJ lLI† φeRJ + h.c..
Within the internal symmetry U(16Nf ), the GSMq would be dynamically gauged.
Classically, U(1)B and U(1)e , U(1)µ , U(1)τ . Or, simply U(1)B and U(1)L .
Quantum mechanically, ABJ anomaly with gauged GSMq break U(1)B × U(1)L down
to U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L . Many GUTs violate Z2Nf ,B+L , but the SM preserves Z2Nf ,B+L .
2
Koran 2204.01741, JW-Wan-You 2204.08393

Proton Stability in SM and some of UU, but not in many GUTs

(3, 1)2 ⊕ (1, 2)−3 ⊕ (3, 2)1 ⊕ (3, 1)−4 ⊕ (1, 1)6 I ⊕ nνI,R (1, 1)0 .
Here I = 1, 2, . . . , Nf = 3.
U(1)B -U(1)2Y , U(1)L -U(1)2Y U(1)B -SU(2)2 and U(1)L -SU(2)2 local anomalies. Under
U(1)B and U(1)L transformations, their ABJ anomalies show:
R 4 µ µ

(1) (2)
[DψL ][DψL† ]e i d x LSM +αB (∂µ JB )+αL (∂µ JL ) −18(αB +αL )Nf n −(αB +αL )Nf n .
R
g2 0 0
Instanton number n(N) ≡ d 4 x 32π1 2 µνµ ν FN,µν FN,µ0 ν 0 ∈ Z on spin manifolds.
R
• U(1)B−L symmetry: αB−L ≡ αB = −αL , its Ward identity h∂µ (JBµ − JLµ )i = 0.
• Z2Nf ,B+L symmetry: αB+L ≡ αB = αL , under SU(2) instanton, αB+L ∈ 2π
2Nf
Z.

Proton Stability in SM and some of UU, but not in many GUTs

(3, 1)2 ⊕ (1, 2)−3 ⊕ (3, 2)1 ⊕ (3, 1)−4 ⊕ (1, 1)6 I ⊕ nνI,R (1, 1)0 .
Here I = 1, 2, . . . , Nf = 3.
U(1)B -U(1)2Y , U(1)L -U(1)2Y U(1)B -SU(2)2 and U(1)L -SU(2)2 local anomalies. Under
U(1)B and U(1)L transformations, their ABJ anomalies show:
R 4 µ µ

(1) (2)
[DψL ][DψL† ]e i d x LSM +αB (∂µ JB )+αL (∂µ JL ) −18(αB +αL )Nf n −(αB +αL )Nf n .
R
g2 0 0
Instanton number n(N) ≡ d 4 x 32π1 2 µνµ ν FN,µν FN,µ0 ν 0 ∈ Z on spin manifolds.
R
2Nf
Z.
SM LR PS su(5) flipped u(5) so(10) UU

B − L U(1)B−L U(1)B−L U(1)B−L U(1)X U(1)X2 Z4,X discrete .
B + L Z2Nf ,B+L Z2Nf ,B+L ZF 2 ZF
2 ZF2 ZF
2 Z2Nf ,B+L , ZF
2
Many processes, like p + → e + π 0 , have ∆(B − L) = 0 and ∆(B + L) = −2
Koran 2204.01741, JW-Wan-You 2204.08393 (check gauge-gravity anomalies w/ 1-symmetry,
including U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L , or Z4,X ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L )
2 2

Spacetime and internal symmetry of the Standard Model (SM)?
Spin
• Spacetime symmetry: Spin group. Diffeomorphism/grav. background. ZF
= SO.
2
• Internal symmetry: U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq .

2
• Internal symmetry after gauging GSMq : U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m
[1] .
2
SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)Ỹ
• Determine the 1-form symmetry of GSMq ≡ Zq
gauge theory:
Z (GSMq ) π1 (GSMq )∨ 1-form e sym G[1]e
1-form m sym G[1]m
m
GSMq Z6/q × U(1) U(1) Z6/q,[1]
e
U(1)[1]
e
Denote G[1] = G[1] m
× G[1] = Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m
[1] .
• No C, P, T discrete symmetry within SM.

• We can replace the U(1)B−L to a discrete Z4,X (Wilczek-Zee ’79) that is more robust
and preserves the 4n fermion interactions (quarks and leptons with Z4,X charges 1):
2
X ≡ 5(B − L) − Y.
3
For the SM with Z4,X , see Garcia-Etxebarria-Montero ’18 and our work.

4d Anomaly (5d iTQFT) contained in the cobordism group (Nf = 3):
TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) = ?

2
TP5 (Spin ×ZF Z4,X × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) = ?
2
TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × G[1] ) = ?
2
TP5 (Spin ×ZF Z4,X × Z3,B+L × G[1] ) = ?
2
Anomaly class of the spacetime and internal symmetry of the SM:

Spin GSMq U(1)B−L Z4,X Z2Nf ,B+L G[1]
Spin
GSMq -
U(1)B−L - -
Z4,X - - -
Z2Nf ,B+L - - - -
G[1] - - - - -

(B − L)-(gravity)2 and (B − L)3 as Z-class ABJ anomaly or ’t Hooft anomaly in SM
d¯R ⊕ lL ⊕ qL ⊕ ūR ⊕ ēR ⊕ nνR ν̄R = (3, 1)2,L ⊕ (1, 2)−3,L ⊕ (3, 2)1,L ⊕ (3, 1)−4,L ⊕ (1, 1)6,L ⊕ nνR (1, 1)0,L .
Global sym B − L Global sym B − L
(Backgrd. field) (Backgrd. field)
gravity gravity B−L B−L
(B − L)-(gravity)2 ⇒ jB : 0.
jL : Nf · (1 − nνR ).
(B − L)3 ⇒ jB : 0.
jL : Nf · (1 − nνR ).
The d ? jB = 0 but d ? (jB − jL ) = 0 only when nνR = 1.

Just ’t Hooft anomaly? Require the 16th Weyl fermion νR ? or break (B − L), or?

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

=
2
Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 1, 3.

TP5 (Spin ×ZF Z4,X × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) =
2 Z × Z2 × Z4 × Z16 × Z9 × Z3 , q = 2, 6.
5 2 4
TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × G[1] ) Z2 × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 )2 × (Z3 )3n3 .

=
2
TP5 (Spin ×ZF Z4,X × Z3,B+L × G[1] ) Z16 × (Z4 )n2 × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 )2n3 .

=
2

Spin GSMq U(1)B−L Z4,X Z2Nf ,B+L G[1]
Spin Z
GSMq -
U(1)B−L - - Z
Z4,X - - -
Z2Nf ,B+L - - - -
G[1] - - - - -

Classify 4d Anomalies by 5d iTQFT/SPTs via Cobordism
Spin ×Z2 Z4 × GSMq=6 and G = Spin ×Z2 Z4 × SU(5):
G = Spin ×Z2 Spin(10):
JW-Wen ’18 1809.11171, Wan-JW’19 1910.14668

I. (Local) Anomalies of Spin(d) × GSMq |(SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1))/Zq
U(1)
1 U(1)3Y : 4d anomaly from 5d CS1 c1 (U(1))2 and 6d c1 (U(1))3
U(1)
2 U(1)Y -SU(2)2 : 4d anomaly from 5d CS1 c2 (SU(2)), 6d c1 (U(1))c2 (SU(2))
2 U(1)
3 U(1)Y -SU(3)c : 4d anomaly from 5d CS1 c2 (SU(3)), 6d c1 (U(1))c2 (SU(3))
4 U(1)Y -(gravity) : 4d anomaly from 5d µ(PD(c1 (U(1)))), 6d c1 (U(1))(σ−F·F)
2
8
SU(3)
5 SU(3)3c : 4d anomaly from 5d 12 CS5 , 6d 12 c3 (SU(3))
6 4d global Witten SU(2) anomaly from 5d c2 (SU(2))η̃, 6d c2 (SU(2))Arf.
It becomes part of local anomaly in Z when q = 2, 6.
Davighi-Gripaios-Lohitsiri1910.11277, Wan-JW 1910.14668, Davighi-Lohitsiri 2001.07731 JW 2006.16996.
II. (Local+Global) Anomalies: Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × Ginternal/gauge
Focus on Z4,X = Z (Spin(10)) ⊂ U(1)X where X = 5(B − L) − 4Y .
G = Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × GSMq and Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × SU(5):

Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 , q = 1, 3.
TPd=5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × GSMq ) =
Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 , q = 2, 6.
TPd=5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × SU(5)) = Z × Z2 × Z16 .
AZ2 ∈ H1 (M, Z4,X /ZF

2 ) is a Z2 -gauge field of Spin ×ZF Z4,X -manifold.
2
1 Mutated Witten SU(2) anomaly c2 (SU(2))η̃:
4d Z2 to Z4 global anomaly free (q = 1, 3): c2 (SU(2))η 0 .
U(2) U(2)
4d Z2 to Z local anomaly free (q = 2, 6): 21 CS1 c2 (U(2)) ∼ 21 c1 (U(2))CS3 .
2 (AZ2 )c2 (SU(2)): 4d Z2 global anomaly free (q = 2, 6)
3 (AZ2 )c2 (SU(3)): 4d Z2 global anomaly free
4 c1 (U(1))2 η 0 : 4d Z4 global anomaly free
5 (AZ2 )c2 (SU(5)): 4d Z2 global anomaly free
Spin×Z2 Z4 +
6 η(PD(AZ2 )): Ω5 ∼
= ΩPin
4 = Z16 .
4d Z16 global anomaly not canceled for 15Nf Weyl fermions. Alternative stories?

=
2
Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 1, 3.

2 Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 2, 6.

=
2

=
2
Spin GSM6 ⊂ Spin(10) U(1)B−L Z4,X Z2Nf ,B+L G[1]

Spin Z2 Z Z16
GSMq -
U(1)B−L - - Z
Z4,X - - -
Z2Nf ,B+L - - - -
G[1] - - - - - Z6/q

SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
Deformation Class of 15Nf ,16Nf -fermion GSMq ≡ Zq
Part 1: JW-Wan-You arXiv:2112.14765
• Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L or X × GSMq -symmetry.
Z-class local anomaly B − L or X ≡ 5(B − L) − 32 Y : U(1)3 and U(1)-grav2 :
Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) (Ac12 + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
−Nf + nνR ≡ −Nf + j nνj,R = −3 + nνe,R + nνµ,R + nντ,R + . . . .

SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) (Ac12 + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
• Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × GSMq -symmetry.
Z16 -class global anomaly of Z4,X -grav2 :
Z
Z 2π i
Z5 4,X ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) η4 d (PD(AZ2,X ))).
M 16
5

SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) (Ac12 + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
Z
Z 2π i
M 16
5
Part 2:
• Spin ×ZF2 Spin(10)-symmetry.
Z2 -class global anomaly. p ∈ Z2 :
Z
Z5 ≡ exp( iπ p w2 w3 )|w2 w3 (TM)=w2 w3 (VSO(n) )
M5
• We can also include Z2Nf ,B+L background field. arXiv:2204.08393
Logic to Ultra Unification
• Z16 global anomaly cancellation application.
Assumptions:
1 Standard Model (SM) Ginternal : Lie algebra su(3) × su(2) × u(1).
GSMq ≡ SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)
Zq , q = 1, 2, 3, 6.
2 15 × (Nf = 3) Weyl fermions (spacetime Weyl spinors) observed,
applicable to both SM and SU(5) GUT.
3 Discrete Baryon−Lepton number preserved (or not) at high energy:

Z4,X ≡5(B−L)−4Y ⊃ ZF 2 F
2 , so X = (−1) , also dynamically gauged at
higher energy due to no global symmetry in quantum gravity (if we
embed the theory into quantum gravity).
Check: Perturbative local & nonperturbative global anomalies via cobordism.

Logic to Ultra Unification
Consequences: Z16 anomaly index as total (Nf = 3)·(15 = −1 mod 16).
X
(−(Nf = 3) + nνj,R + νnew hidden sectors ) = 0 mod 16.
j=e,µ,τ,...
Anomaly-cancellation?
(1) Standard Lore: R-handed neutrino (16th Weyl) nνj,R = 1.
Z4,X preserved (gapless fermion) vs broken (gap) by Dirac or Majorana mass.
(2) My proposal: New hidden sectors beyond SM (∼ Lieb-Schultz-Mattis thm) :
1 Z4,X -symmetry-preserving anomalous gapped 4d TQFT (Topological
Mass). (Topo.Green-Schwarz mechanism. Boundary topological order [2+1d Vishwanath-Senthil’12].)
2 Z4,X -5d invertible TQFT (SPTs) by cobordism invariant η(PD(AZ2 )).
3 Z4,X -gauged-5d-noninvertible TQFT (SETs) + gravity.
4 Z4,X -symmetry-breaking gapped phase (e.g. Landau phase or 4d TQFT).
5 Z4,X -symmetry-preserving gapless or breaking gapless (e.g., extra CFT).
HEP-PH Gapped Extended Excitation/Objects beyond Particle Physics.
HEP-PH Gapless Unparticle CFT Physics.

Ultra Unification 4d and 5d coupled quantum system
Application to Beyond SM: Neutrino Physics and Dark Matter.

Neutrino νR vs TQFT sector
(Conventional) Quadratic neutrino mass term:
Dirac mass with some Higgs: (ν̄R φ†H νL + ν̄L φH νR ).
i mMaj
Majorana mass: 2
(χT σ 2 χ + χ† σ 2 χ∗ ).
Both Dirac and Majorana masses:
Seesaw mechanism: 2
3 mass eigenstates have small mass ' |M|M
Dirac |
S |
|MDirac | for νL -like.
3 mass eigenstates have large mass MS for νR -like.

New Proposal on Neutrino Mass
2
MDirac
In contrast to the traditional seesaw mechanism MS
MDirac .
Standard Model’s “nearly massless”
Energy spectrum E
left-handed neutrinos νj,L GUT or Planck scales
MGUT,Pl
travel and interact with topological defects
≈
TQFT gap
∆TQFT
νe,L
νµ,L zero energy modes trapped
≈
ντ,L at a topological defect
∆sub topological defect subgap
Ultra Unification replaces 0 zero-energy mode spectrum

some generation of “right-handed sterile neutrinos νj,R ”
with a Z4,X -symmetry-preserving TQFT (or CFT) sector
which may allow Z4,X -topological defects locally
The energy spectrum near the defect has energy subgap
∆2TQFT ∆2sub
∆sub . . ∆small . MDirac .
MGUT,Pl ∆TQFT
∆2
(In analogy with the vortex subgap ∆sub ' ESC F
of superconductor gap ∆SC and
Fermi energy EF .) Both can give the left-handed neutrinos small masses.
(JW, Harvard HEP-String lunch Dec 1, 2020 and arXiv v3: 2012.15860)

Neutrino νR vs TQFT sector
Convention: Neutrino pairs up to get Dirac
(left-handed νL with right-handed νR ) or Majorana
(right-handed νR with itself) mass.
My talk:
Some of right-handed neutrinos νR may be replaced by
4d TQFT/5d iTQFT. Left-handed neutrinos νL travel
and interfere with the zero modes of topological defects
of TQFT.
• ∆TQFT gap replaces the right-handed νR mass MS .
• Vortex subgaps give the left-handed νL mass.
• Mixed scenarios.

Deformation of Standard Model∗ (SM∗)
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=
2
Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 1, 3.

2 Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 2, 6.

=
2

=
2

Spin Z2 Z Z16
GSMq -
U(1)B−L - - Z
Z4,X - - -
Z2Nf ,B+L - - - -
G[1] - - - - - Z6/q

Deformation U(ΦR ) = r45 (Φ45 )2 + λ45 (Φ45 )4 + r54 (Φ54 )2 + λ54 (Φ54 )4 + . . . .

Ultra Unification (UU): SM or SM∗ as 4d EFT lives on the
boundary of 5d gapped or gapless topological theory. Topological
force and matter are involved in the unification. Many possible
phases of our universe. Neighbor phases contain various 15Nf or
16Nf Weyl fermion SM or GUTs also as EFTs. The parent UU
controls the tuning of these phase transitions.
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UU replaces some of sterile neutrinos with new exotic gapped/gapless sectors
(e.g., topological or conformal field theory, TQFT or CFT) or gravitational
sectors with topological origins via global anomalies/cobordism constraints.
Summary
1. Cobordism class of the SM or GUT: 4d anomaly of the spacetime
Spin, internal GSMq , B − L (continuous U(1)B−L and discrete Z4,X ), and
Z2Nf ,B+L . Deformation class controls the quantum phase transitions
between SM to neighbor GUT or beyond the SM phases.
2. UU replaces νR with 4d TQFT/5d iTQFT/4d CFT, etc, global
anomaly/cobordism constraints similar to Lieb-Schultz-Mattis thm.
3. Z16 -anomaly cancellation. UU criticality: 15Nf to 16Nf fermion ψ,
topological quantum phase transition.
4. Z2 -anomaly cancellation. Deconfined quantum criticality:
Georgi-Glashow and Pati-Salam GUT transition, with SM + dark gauge
force, and a modified so (10)-GUT +WZW term. Gapless CFT region.
• Neutrino mass from TQFT, vortex subgaps, zero modes, and mixed
scenario with Dirac/Majorana mass.
• Proton stable in SM and some UU, but decay in many GUTs.
Thank you. Email: jw@cmsa.fas.harvard.edu.


=
2
Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 1, 3.

2 Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 2, 6.

=
2

=
2

Spin Z2 Z Z16
GSMq -
U(1)B−L - - Z
Z4,X - - -
Z2Nf ,B+L - - - -
G[1] - - - - - Z6/q
Thank you. Email: jw@cmsa.fas.harvard.edu.

Back Up Slides:

Classify dd Anomalies by d + 1d iTQFT/SPTs via Cobordism
Kapustin’14, . . . , Freed-Hopkins’16 (systematic)
Unitarity of Lorentz ∼ Reflection positivity of Euclidean.
d + 1d invertible TQFT with reflect.pos in Euclidean signature
⇒ anomaly of dd reflect.pos Euclidean QFT.
⇒ anomaly of dd unitary Lorentz QFT. Take d = 4 and d + 1 = 5.
Here we only concern a cobordism group TPd +1 (G ) ≡ ΩdG+1 ,

Note (TPd +1 (G ))tors = (ΩGd+1 )tors and (TPd +1 (G ))free = (ΩGd+2 )free .
tor: a torsion group (only a finite group part).
Bordism group ΩGD = πD (MTG ) ≡ colimk →∞ πD +k (MTG )k .
Tools: Pontryagin-Thom construction, Thom-Madsen-Tillmann spectra,
Adams spectral sequence, and Freed-Hopkins’s theorem
Given a G structure, we will later show co/bordism group (abelian group

classification) and d + 1d topological terms (invertible TQFT or
Symmetry Protected Topological states [SPTs]) and the anomaly of a
(d − 1, 1)d unitary Lorentz QFT.

Anomalies of SM and GUT via cobordism:
hep-th/0607134: Freed. generalized cohomology. SU(n) or Spin(n). Miss B − L.
1604.06527: Freed-Hopkins, Cobordism group ΩdG ≡ TPd (G ) —
1808.00009: Inaki Garcia-Etxebarria, Miguel Montero.

G = Spin ×Z2 Z4 , Spin × SU(n), Spin × Spin(n).
Spin×Spin(10)
1809.11171: JW-Wen. G = ZF
, Spin × SU(5).
2
1910.11277: Joe Davighi, Ben Gripaios, Nakarin Lohitsiri.

G = Spin × GSMq , Spin × Spin(n), other GUTs
1910.14668: Wan-JW. (Subtle twisted cases.)

G = Spin × GSMq , Spin ×Z2 Z4 × GSMq , Spin ×Z2 Z4 × SU(5),
Spin × Spin(n), Spin×Spin(n)
ZF
e.g., n = 10, 18, other GUTs
2
Conservative view vs Optimistic view (New Arena Beyond the SM).

Check 4d anomaly via 5d cobordism group with GSMq , B − L,
discrete B + L together form U(1)B−L ×ZF2 Z2Nf ,B+L =
U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L , and gravitational backgrounds,

TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) = Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 ×
TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) =
Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 ×
Include one-form symmetries of the SM with gauged GSMq ,
TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m [1] )

= Z × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 ) × (Z3 )
2 2 3n3
.
TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × Z3,B+L × Z6/q,[1] × U(1)m
e
[1] )

= Z16 × (Z4 ) × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 )
n2 2n3
.
For q = 1, 2, 3, 6 and we define q 0 ≡ 6/q ≡ 2n2 · 3n3 = 6, 3, 2, 1 as

(n2 , n3 ) = (1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0) respectively.
SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
U(1)B and U(1)L under dynamically gauged GSMq ≡ Zq
U(1)B -U(1)2Y , U(1)L -U(1)2Y U(1)B -SU(2)2 and U(1)L -SU(2) local anomalies. Under
2
U(1)B and U(1)L transformations on (ψL )I :
(d¯R ⊕lL ⊕qL ⊕ūR ⊕ēR )I ⊕nνI,R ν̄I,R ∼ (3, 1)2 ⊕(1, 2)−3 ⊕(3, 2)1 ⊕(3, 1)−4 ⊕(1, 1)6 I ⊕nνI,R (1, 1)0

ABJ anomalies show:

R 4 µ µ

LSM +αB (∂µ JB )+αL (∂µ JL ) −18(αB +αL )Nf n(1) −(αB +αL )Nf n(2)
[DψL ][DψL† ]e i d x
R
.
g12 0 0
Instanton number n(N) ≡ d 4x µνµ ν FN,µν FN,µ0 ν 0 ∈ Z on spin manifolds.
R
32π 2
2Nf
Z.
SM LR PS su(5) flipped u(5) so(10) UU

B − L U(1)B−L U(1)B−L U(1)B−L U(1)X U(1)X2 Z4,X discrete .
B + L Z2Nf ,B+L Z2Nf ,B+L ZF 2 ZF
2 ZF2 ZF
2 Z2Nf ,B+L , ZF
2
Many processes, like p + → e + π 0 , have ∆(B − L) = 0 and ∆(B + L) = −2
Koran 2204.01741, JW-Wan-You 2204.08393 (check gauge-gravity anomalies w/ 1-symmetry,
including U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L , or Z4,X ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L )
2 2

Fundamental Physics embodies Ultra Quantum Matter
Energy
1019 GeV . . .? . . .
q
~c
MGUT MPlanck ∼
G
Ultra Unification
1016 GeV 2020
su(5), etc. Grand Unification

≈ Gerogi-Glashow
1974
246GeV
su(3)c × su(2)L × u(1)Y
Standard Model
su(2)L × u(1)Y
Glashow-Salam-Weinberg
1967
u(1)EM
Maxwell
1865
Strong Electric Magnetic Weak GUT Forces Topological Forces . . .? . . . Gravity
HEP-phenomenology: beyond 0d particle physics (to gapped extended

TQFT objects or gapless unparticle CFT). Quantum Matter in
Math/Physics.
Standard Model and GUT anomaly cancellation

SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
Z-class local anomaly B − L or X ≡ 5(B − L) − 32 Y : U(1)-grav2 and U(1)3 :
Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) (Ac12 + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
Z
Z 2π i
M 16
5
Part 2:
• Spin ×ZF2 Spin(10)-symmetry.
Z2 -class global anomaly:
Z
Z5 ≡ exp( iπ p w2 w3 )|w2 w3 (TM)=w2 w3 (VSO(n) )
M5
• We can also include Z2Nf ,B+L background field. arXiv:2204.08393
Quantum Phase Diagram (Moduli space or Landscape)
• Goal: understand phase transitions among SM/GUTs
• Introduce two scalar fields (GUT-Higgs fields) 
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- anti-symmetric rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10)  45

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54 - symmetric traceless rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10) 

  gso(10) <latexit sha1_base64="cP+MYpmwFl3H4GxOFqKFVMfYCBM=">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</latexit>
  so(10)
h 45 i =
6 0 h 54 i =
6 0
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  <latexit sha1_base64="lTTRlYw6AaZkYNWGY3ZFsL8umS4=">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</latexit>
gGG <latexit sha1_base64="akqzBy/HQlM2x8Q1AJEyjdawpZQ=">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</latexit>
gPS
  u(5) so(6) so(4)
 
h 54 i 6 0 h 45 i 6 0
<latexit sha1_base64="E8ujUC0zGRWicVFQYtjJCPMHxNs=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5TbJYli9I3l6TlxElk6Dzo1Ms2o=">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</latexit>
  = =
<latexit sha1_base64="hp4GmBeUfjicycqZGQVSrwkdPR0=">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</latexit>
gSM
  su(3) su(2) u(1)Y u(1)X
• Note:  1 + 45 + 54 = 10 ⇥ 10 16 ⇥ 16 ⇥ 16 ⇥ 16
<latexit sha1_base64="Gz+fo5VeYlQAbWmU/8Npv8TY9YI=">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</latexit>
Both

Higgs fields can

be written as four-fermion

operators
U(ΦR ) = r45 (Φ45 )2 + λ45 (Φ45 )4 + r54 (Φ54 )2 + λ54 (Φ54 )4 + h Φ45 · (hΦ1st 2nd
45 i − hΦ45 i) + . . . .

Yang-Mills G gauge group theory with Weyl spinor. so(10), GG, flipped, PS, SM. New Parton.
(1 1
(1 1
(1 1
(1 1
1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)  (10)  (3)  (2)  (2)  (5)
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1
(1
(1


3 3
uL νe L uL νe R ? 1 0 5 1
2 1 1 2 - 3 -3 2 1 1
dL eL dL eR 1 6 1 10
16
uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5 uR 1 -4 1 νe L
2 - 3 -3 5
dR 1 2 -3
(1 1 eR 1 6 1 dR 1 2 -3 eL
(1 1
1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)  (5)′
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1
(1 1
(1 1
1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1


3 (4)×(2)L

3 ×(2)R
uL eR 1 6 1 1 uL
2 1 1 2 1 1
νe L
2 - 3 -3 (4, 2, 1)
dL νe R ? 1 0 5 10 dL eL
dR 1 2 -3 νe L uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5
2 - 3 -3 5 4, 1, 2
uR 1 -4 1 eL dR 1 2 -3 eR 1 6 1
(1 1
(1 1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)

 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1

3
uL νe L  (1)dark
gauge (3)  (2)  (1)Y 1  (1)X1  (5)  (10)
2 1 1 2 - 3 -3 c 1 3 1 -2 -2
dL eL 5
f 1 1 2 3 -2
uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5 10
c′ 1 3 1 2 2
dR 1 2 -3 eR 1 6 1 5
f′ 1 1 2 -3 2

Field contents of the modified so(10) GUT + WZW term
Z
4 † µ
SYM-Weyl = Tr(F ∧ ?F) + d x ψL ( i σ̄ Dµ,A )ψL ,
ZM 4
4 2
SHiggs = d x |Dµ,A ΦR | − U(ΦR ) ,
M4
1 5
1X
Z
4 | bi | 2
SYukawa = d x φ Φ φ+ ψL i σ (φ2a−1 Γ2a−1 − i φ2a Γ2a )ψL + h.c. ,
M4 2 2 a=1
1
Z Z
WZW bi bi
S = B(Φ54 ) ∧ d C(Φ45 ) =π B(Φ̃54 ) ^ δC (Φ̂45 )) .

π
Z M5 M 4 =∂M 5 M5 M 4 =∂M 5
WZW 4 µ 0 bi FIVE bi
SQED0 = d x ξ̄( i γ Dµ − Φ̃54 − i γ Φ̂45 )ξ.
4
ZM 4
WZW 5 µ 0 5 bi 6 bi 5 µ ν 6 µ ν
SQED0 = d x ξ̄( i γ̃ Dµ − m − γ̃ Φ̃54 − γ̃ i Φ̂45 − i γ̃ γ̃ γ̃ Bµν − i γ̃ γ̃ γ̃ Cµν )ξ.
5 M5

2022 6 21 String Pheno JW Cobo Seminar

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2022 6 21 String Pheno JW Cobo Seminar

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Cobordism and Deformation Class of

the Standard Model and Beyond

arXiv: 1910.14668 [JHEP], 2106.16248 [PRD], 2111.10369, 2202.13498

String-Pheno seminar, Tue, June 21, 2022

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 1

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 2

Spin cobordism:Kapustin-Thorngren-Turzillo-Wang’14 (proposed), Freed-Hopkins’16 (systematic),

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 5

−(ψL† φψR + h.c.) + |Dµ,A φ|2 − U(φ).

LYH = ψL† φψR + h.c. contains

Koran 2204.01741, JW-Wan-You 2204.08393

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 8

SM LR PS su(5) flipped u(5) so(10) UU

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 8

• Internal symmetry: U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq .

• No C, P, T discrete symmetry within SM.

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 9

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) = ?

Anomaly class of the spacetime and internal symmetry of the SM:

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 10

gravity gravity B−L B−L

The d ? jB = 0 but d ? (jB − jL ) = 0 only when nνR = 1.

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 10

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Anomaly class of the spacetime and internal symmetry of the SM:

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 11

Spin ×Z2 Z4 × GSMq=6 and G = Spin ×Z2 Z4 × SU(5):

G = Spin ×Z2 Spin(10):

JW-Wen ’18 1809.11171, Wan-JW’19 1910.14668

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 12

AZ2 ∈ H1 (M, Z4,X /ZF

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Anomaly class of the spacetime and internal symmetry of the SM:

Spin GSM6 ⊂ Spin(10) U(1)B−L Z4,X Z2Nf ,B+L G[1]

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 15

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 16

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 16

3 Discrete Baryon−Lepton number preserved (or not) at high energy:

Check: Perturbative local & nonperturbative global anomalies via cobordism.

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 16

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 17

Application to Beyond SM: Neutrino Physics and Dark Matter.

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 19

Ultra Unification replaces 0 zero-energy mode spectrum

The energy spectrum near the defect has energy subgap

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 20

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 21

��� ������� ��� �������

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 21

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Anomaly class of the spacetime and internal symmetry of the SM:

Spin GSM6 ⊂ Spin(10) U(1)B−L Z4,X Z2Nf ,B+L G[1]

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 21

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 22

��� ������� ��(��) ��� + ��� ���� ��� �������

������-������� (��) ��* ����-����� (��)

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 24

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Anomaly class of the spacetime and internal symmetry of the SM:

Spin GSM6 ⊂ Spin(10) U(1)B−L Z4,X Z2Nf ,B+L G[1]

Thank you. Email: jw@cmsa.fas.harvard.edu.

Juven Wang Slides: Dropbox link on Zoom chat or http://idear.info/ 24

Here we only concern a cobordism group TPd +1 (G ) ≡ ΩdG+1 ,

��

�� (��) �� + ��

��-�� (��) ��* ��-�� (��)

- anti-symmetric rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10)  45

54 - symmetric traceless rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10) 