ETHIOPIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ADAMA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE SATELLITE

PROGRAM
PROJECT TITLE: -DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING OF
PORTABLE LIGHT VEHICLE SERVICE RAMP
WITH HYDRAULIC JACK

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY

By group member

Group member Id No

1. Ashenafi Hirpo TISE/339/2011

2. Daniel Mesfin TISE/343/2011
3. Samuel Geremew TISE/356/2011
4. Tadese Urge TISE/358/2011

Date: February, 2022

Place: Adama, Ethiopia

 ETHIOPIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
ADAMA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SATELLITE PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE: DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING OF
PORTABLE LIGHT VEHICLE SERVICE RAMP WITH HYDRAULIC
JACK
By group member

Group member Id No

1. Ashenafi Hirpo TISE/339/2011

2. Daniel Mesfin TISE/343/2011
3. Samuel Geremew TISE/356/2011
4. Tadese Urge TISE/358/2011

Submitted to: - Meyr Jafar (MSc)

Date: February, 2022

Place: Adama, Ethiopia

 Abstract
The main objective of this project proposal is to develop a design and fabrication of the portable
light vehicle service ramp with hydraulic jack lifter nearby available material and cost efficient.
This can be used for TVET institute, technical universities, Small enterprise, garage, privet
owner and government institute.

This article presents a summary of current state of Design and Manufacturing of hydraulic car
ramp lifter. An assistive hydraulic jack is used to deal lift the car ramps. These Researchers are
going to develop reliable, low cost and easy to use devices. Out of all the advantage of using
hydraulic System for lifting and easily to repair under the vehicle. It is the useful material
available to moving up or lifting the car. It requires less training for lifting, but the usage of these
by using the hydraulic for lifting & flexibility in usage increases.

The hydraulic car ramp lifter is used for lifting purpose particularly under the vehicle body, and
also used for lift up the vehicle and raise in the garages for maintenance purpose. In this project
the car ramp lifter has been designed that is powered by hydraulic cylinder to rise the vehicle
height up to80 cm off the ground and the carrying capacity is up to 4000 kg.

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 Table of Content
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. ii
Table of contents.................................................................................................................................... iii
List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... v
List of tables ........................................................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Back ground of the study.......................................................................................................... 2
1.3.Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Project objectives ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1. General objectives ............................................................................................................ 4
1.4.2. Specific objectives............................................................................................................ 4
1.5. Significances of the project ...................................................................................................... 4
1.6. Scope of the project ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.7. Limitation of the project ........................................................................................................... 6
1.8. Benefit and Beneficiary ............................................................................................................ 6
1.9. Feasibility of Study .................................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.1. Review of Related Literature and Studies ................................................................................. 8
2.2. Are Car Ramps Safe? ............................................................................................................. 11
2.3. How to Stop Car Ramps from sliding? ................................................................................... 12
2.4. How to Keep Car Ramps from Sliding On concrete? ................................................................ 12
2.5. Portable Light Vehicle Ramp Features ................................................................................... 13
2.7. Car Ramps for Driveways ...................................................................................................... 13
2.8. Car Ramps for Low Clearance Cars........................................................................................ 14
2.9. Car ramps for oil changes ....................................................................................................... 14
2.10. Best Car Ramp With Hydraulic Jack for Quick and Easy Maintenance ............................... 15
2.11. Weight Capacity of the ramp .............................................................................................. 16
2.12. Gross Vehicle Weight ........................................................................................................ 17

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 2.13. Wheel Width & Wheel Chokes ........................................................................................... 17
2.14. The Method of the Vehicle Service Ramp with Hydraulic Jack Operations ......................... 18
2.15. Important Of Safety............................................................................................................ 19
CHAPTER THREE............................................................................................................................. 21
3. Methodology and Materials ........................................................................................................... 21
3.1. Project Design........................................................................................................................ 21
3.2. Project design Process ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3. Design Analysis and Material Selection.................................................................................. 22
3.3.1. Design Analysis of Hydraulic Jack ....................................................................................... 22
3.3.2. Design Analysis of Frame and Base...................................................................................... 25
3.3.2.1.DesignAnalysis of Frame ................................................................................................... 26
3.3.3. Design Analysis of Bolt and Nut .......................................................................................... 27
3.3.4. Design Analysis Hydraulic jack lever ................................................................................. 29
3.3.5. Design Analysis Square pipe ................................................................................................ 29
3.3.6. Design Analysis Angle Iron .................................................................................................. 30
3.3.6.1. Properties Of Angle Sections With Equal Legs (L-Shapes) .................................................... 31
3.4. Material Selection ................................................................................................................. 35
3.5. Detail Drawing of our project................................................................................................ 36
3.6. Manufacturing Process of the project flowchart ....................................................................... 40
3.4.1.Manufacturing Procedures (Steps) ......................................................................................... 40
3.4.2.Machineries and Equipment’s Required in the Production of Project ..................................... 41
3.5. Assembly procedures .............................................................................................................. 42
3.6. Objective of Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 42
3.6.1. Maintenance Strategy .......................................................................................................... 42
3.7. Project Evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 43
3.7.1. Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................... 43
3.8. Ergonomics................................................................................................................................. 44
3.9. Work plan and budget ................................................................................................................. 45
3.9.1.Cost Analysis of materials ..................................................................................................... 45
3.9.2. Time Schedule for the Project ............................................................................................ 46
4. References..................................................................................................................................... 47

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 List of figures
Figures pages
Figure 1: servicing the car with out ramp…………………………………………………………………………………………….....3
Figure 2:The vehicle supproted by stone .................................................................................................. 9
Figure 3: The technician makes service with out equipment ..................................................................... 9
Figure 4: Jack stand ............................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 5:Car wash ramps washing center area ....................................................................................... 23
Figure 6: Car ramp for drive ways ......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 7: Car ramp for Car ramp for low clearance cars ......................................................................... 28
Figure 8: Car ramp for oil changes .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 9: Bestcar ramp .......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 10: 3D project desing.................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 11: Dimension of project design ................................................................................................. 22
Figure 12: : Pair of hydraulic cylinder ................................................................................................... 24
Figure 13:Applied pressure on hydraulic jack ........................................................................................ 24
Figure 14Frame and Base: ..................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 15: Bolt and nut .......................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 16: Bolt and nut dimension ......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 17:Hydraulic jack pedal: ............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 18: square pipe ........................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 19: Angle iron ............................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 20: Hydraulic jack detail drawing................................................................................................. 36
Figure 21: Platform detail drawing ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.7
Figure 22: Car rampwithout hydraulic jack detail drawing .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.8
Figure 23: hydraulic car ramp detail drawing ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.9

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 List of tables
Table pages
Table 1: our project property from solid work ........................................................................................ 27
Table 2 Sourcing Instruction Listing: .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3: Bolt and nuts specification……….……………………………………………………………...
Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4: Properties of angle sections with equal legs (L- shapes) ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5: Material selection ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6: Manufacturing Machine and Equipment: ................................................................................. 41
Table 7: Resource used for our paper proposal ....................................................................................... 41
Table 8:Maintenance strategy ............................................................................................................... 43
Table 9: Bill of Material ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 10: Time Schedule for the Project .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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 Abbreviations

TVET- technical and vocational education and training

ASTM-American society for testing materials

GVW- Gross Vehicle Weight

CM- centimeter

MM-millimeter

M-meter

V-volt

Lbs –tone

KG –kilogram

Eq- Equation

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 CHAPTER ONE
1.1. Introduction

Due to the small and micro enterprise needs of industry work simple and portable aid materials
are important. In our country there is a limitation to do small and portable material which is to
solve consumption of time and energy. Our country, Ethiopia aimed at producing a useful
technology and well use for industry work through different TVET Institution and manufacturer
enterprise in order try to fill the market demand.

Whole industry needs educated and skilled large number of labor force, Ethiopia is working on
producing well trained, skilled and competent work force through different TVET Institution in order to
fulfill the market (industry) demand. In automotive and other sector the market needs modern and time
consumable materials. To produce this all material, training facilities and well-trained trainers or
instructors are needed. To fulfill these all materials at one time might have difficulties. So we have to
think over the situation and we have to try the best by facilities that we have to contribute what our
country needs from us.

In automotive vehicle servicing on front, behind, both sides, top and internal side essayer for technician
(electrician) for the component is visible, can repaired and removed easily. However removing and
repairing the bottom part such as transmission is difficult because of gravity when removing the
component and usually technician user open the local garage. The limitation of using rope is
minimizing safety, comfort, consume time and the component can damaged easily and this can cause
for shortage life time of the vehicle.

To solve these limitations the vehicle service ramp with hydraulic jack lifter is manufactured.
Removing of transmission and service under vehicle is so suitable by using this hydraulic jack lifter.
This hydraulic jack lifter is necessary in automotive under vehicle service, so our main aim is to
transfer these product to micro enterprise and they can produce and increase the market demand in low
cost.

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 1.2. Back ground of the study

Now a time the world is growing fast by technologies, technical capacity and also facility’s materials in
training and education. Our country have to do more to develop our country, everyone have to
contributing by copy technologies and create new technologies. In this case we copy, portable light
vehicle service ramp, however we try to modify from the original one by adding some hydraulic jack
lifter part. The origin ramp has no hydraulic jack lifter for safety of technician. This is used to
minimize consumed time and efforts.

The development of this Design and Manufacturing of ramp Portable light vehicle service ramp with
hydraulic jack lifter also helps other TVET institute and industrial to have this kind of instructional
material which is locally-made instead of importing it from other countries, thereby helping the
government to save dollars and promoting TVET Institute’s to mass produce the Design and
Manufacturing of Portable light vehicle service ramp with hydraulic jack lifter for domestic use or
export it to other neighboring African countries. Giving job opportunities to TVET Institute and
provides income to the government of Ethiopia in general.

1.3. Statement of the Problem

A problem causes other problem until a solution is proffered. In automotive vehicle servicing on front,
behind, both sides, top and internal side essayer for technician (electrician) for the component is visible,
can repaired and removed easily. However removing and repairing the bottom part such as propeller
shaft, oil sump is difficult because of gravity when removing the component and usually technician use
rope on the local garage for holding when removing under car parts using this rope such limitation like
safety, comfortably, time consumption and much energy exhaust. To solve this problem the light
vehicle service rampwithhydraulicjacklifters used instead of rope.

Vehicle servicing without the use of equipment gets very difficult work to technician. The
time and the output provide a great loss to the garage. Even the number of technician will
increase just to work on a single vehicle in which it can be done by the technician. It can also
very dangerous to the technician to work without the use of equipment particularly working on
vehicle. The tendency of accident is very critical the vehicle can fail that can injured or even
kill the technician. Especially there is a challenge to service in summer /rainy season. Because
when the technician make service underneath of the vehicle feel coldness.

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Most small garage was not able to acquire equipment like hydraulic lifter because it is very
expensive. On garage why only on lifting the vehicle which the use some modifying stand made
of wood and some sort of stone. This is very dangerous in working underneath of the vehicle.

It's not a good idea to crawl underneath a vehicle with only one means of support, so we
definitely recommend using portable car ramp. A car ramp provides a simple method of
raising an automobile from the ground in order to access the undercarriage. A car ramps also
offer safety for mechanics due to vehicle stability during car maintenance and repairs.

Vehicle servicing without the use of equipment gets very difficult work for technician. The
problem is focused on in our country`s small garage, there is challenge to repair and inspect underneath
of the vehicle instead of:-

• Safety: - the technician crawl underneath of the vehicle without

equipment is common in Ethiopia. It is very difficult to inspect or
underneath especially removing transmission. It is a possibility of foul
down and will damage the component. Also there is a hurt when the
technician service underneath.
• Time and quality:-it takes more time and low quality service the car
without the ramp. Even the technician takes more time to loose or tight the
bolt and nut without ramp.
• Energy: - take more energy when they use modifying wood or stone for
supporting purpose.

Fig.1: The technicians servicing the car without ramp

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 1.4. Project objectives
1.4.1. General objectives

To Design and Manufacturing of portable medium vehicle service ramp with Hydraulic jack Lifter

1.4.2. Specific objectives

The specific objectives of our project are as given below; they are

 Gather information about the project.

 Sketch the design of the project

 Make it the dimension of the project

 Start the design of the project by using solid work application

 The design change in to the real project

 Collect the material requires for our project.

 Fabricate portable light vehicle ramp by Appling major activities suchlike:-

measuring, cutting, welding, grinding , painting
 Modify hydraulic jack on the car ramp
 Testing and check the manufactured project
 To resolve safety issue when performing underneath of the vehicle repair and change oil easily.
 To minimize time and effort of the technician in performing high elevation task.
 To make easily with in good quality
 To be minimize the number of technician
 For car wash purpose and to service under vehicle.

1.5. Significances of the project

The design and manufacturing of portable vehicle service ramp with hydraulic jack is used to lift
the vehicle by required height for servicing under vehicle. This project will be important and useful
engineering equipment used in automotive for under light vehicleservice. Repairing under the vehicle is
so difficult for all serviced or working materials are above over (overhead) of the technician and for
gravity reason.

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The support jack was needed to be support the vehicle when tune up without consuming any electric
power for lifting therefore cylinder was actuated by using hydraulic hand pump. Also such design can
make much suitable for diagnosis lighting system and car washing center. The Design & Analysis of
this project is up to 4 tone maximum loads without failure in working conditions and also it is lift the
light vehicle assembly with in comfortably and safely to a require working height. This project is not
fully solid, there is openings for ventilation purpose and in addition to that weight minimal. It is much
better to the mechanic what they use.

Our project has so many purposes for small and micro enterprise. Such as

 It is used to service underneath of the vehicle especially remove and .install

propeller shaft without damage
 It used to check and inspect leakage without crawling

 It is simple way for carwash.

 And also used to bleeding brake system

1.6. Scope of the project

The scope of this hydraulic jack lifter with ramp is its lifting capacity, it is lifting capacity is up to 4
tone (4000 kg) and also it rise up to height of 100cm. The future of this project is based on the Design
and Manufacturing of Hydraulic jack Lifter with support stand. The materials that are being used in this
project can be found easily in local market. This project constructed in enough strength and good
quality of angle bar. It has enough strength to carry the light vehicle. In Our Country or Regional place
like TVET institution and Garage have not this equipment, so our research or project is to solve this
problem in Country or Regional place.

The ramp's rating refers to the maximum Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) that can be driven onto the
ramp. You can find the GVW on your driver's door sticker or owner's manual. The ramp's rating should
be well above your car's GVW. Our project also focused about this:-

 The carrying capacity is up to 4000kg

 Its rising up to 1meter

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 1.7. Limitation of the project

The limitations of this project are:

• The carrying capacity of this project is not more than 4000kg

• Its rising up to only1 meter
• It’s not used for heavy duty vehicle
• It’s also not used for motor cycle and three wheel tire
• Shortage of time to prepared our proposal
• Lack of language to write our proposal
• Lack of internet access
• Shortage of discussion room
• It can be function by hydraulic system and manual.
• It required more space
• Our project is not done by electric energy, by pneumatic and Solar

1.8. Benefit and Beneficiary

Benefit

The benefit of this portable light vehicle ramp is to enough height for entering the underside of the
vehicle and also enough strength can carry light vehicle.
It’s also necessary to overhaul and repair under the vehicle which could not easily reached and not
comfortable for working.

Beneficiaries’ are TVET institute, technical universities, Small enterprise, mini garage, privet owner,
and other government institute.

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 1.9. Feasibility of Study

A. Technical feasibility,

In technical feasibility study, one has to test whether the proposed system can be developed using
existing technology or not. It is planned to implement the proposed application using Windows
operating systems. It is evident that the necessary operating systems are available for the development
and implementation of the proposed application. Hence the solution is technically feasible.

B. Operational feasibility,

This project of feasibility checks if the application works with least difficulties when it is developed
and modify. The users have knowledge of the application that means it is not difficult to use.

C. Economic feasibility,

The costs and benefits associated with the proposed system are to be compared . If the cost
estimated is enough for the project is economically feasible.

D. Market feasibility

As we mention under the benefit and beneficiary topic, there are a lot of sector that will benefit this
portable car ramp. Again since the portable car ramp production is not more available in Ethiopia so a
chance to accept this ramp in the market is very high. The cost of the lift is also very minimal from the
imported one. The cost of similar imported hydraulic ramp is 80,000 birr but, the price of lift that we
make is only 45,000 birr.

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.1. Review of Related Literature and Studies

Before now, several engineers have done a lot of work as regards the hydraulic jack in general.
According to Shinde, K. (2016), a jack is a simple mechanical device used to raise element or object from
ground level to a certain height to perform a specific work with maximum load and minimum efforts.
Their project described the design as well as analysis of a mechanical jack lifter that works on the
principle of screw jack. The design was developed keeping in mind that the lift can be operated by mechanical
means so that the overall cost of the hydraulic jack is reduced. Their design can also make the lift more
compact and much suitable for medium scale work [1].

Akinwonmi, A.S. & Mohammed, A.(2012). Modify the existing design of a car jack. And Khurmi, R.S. and
Gupta, J.K. (2005), A jack is a device used to raise all or part of a vehicle into the air in order to facilitate vehicle
service or breakdown repairs. There are two main types of automotive jacks: Hydraulic and screw jacks.
These two categories also have many subcategories of jacks. A screw jack is a type of jack which is operated
by turning a lead screw. In this jack, a small force applied in the horizontal plane is used to raise or lower
large load [2,3]. Conventionally, a lifter or jack is used for lifting up a vehicle load for repairing, to
overhaul, to lift the car to appreciable height, and many other applications.

Noor, et. al (2008) designed a car jack that is safe, reliable and able to raise and lower the level, to
develop a car jack that is powered by internal car power and automated with buttons system. They
further stated that car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by manual
force. More powerful jacks are using hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater distances. Their paper
presented the development of the car transmission jack for emergency use with using internal cigarette
lighter power (12v) but the this have an effect on battery of the vehicle [4].

Abuzaid, M., Hasnain, M., Alam, S., Khan, S. and Agarwal, S. (2013). Hydraulic jacks work on the basis of
Pascal's Principle, named for Blaise Pascal, who lived in the seventeenth century. Basically, the principle
states that the pressure in a closed container is the same at all points. The hydraulic transmission lifter is
simply two cylinders connected to lift the objects with it systems. An enclosed fluid under pressure exerts
that pressure throughout its volume and against any surface containing it [5].

Most small garage was not able to acquire equipment like hydraulic lifter because it is very
expensive. On garage why only on lifting the vehicle which the use some modifying stand made
of wood and some sort of stone. This is very dangerous in working underneath of the vehicle.

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 Figure: 2.The vehicle supported by stone

It's not a good idea to crawl underneath a vehicle with only one means of support, so we
definitely recommend using portable car ramp. A car ramp provides a simple method of
raising an automobile from the ground in order to access the undercarriage.

A Car ramps also offer safety for mechanics due to vehicle stability during car maintenance
and repairs.

Figure: 3. The technician makes service without equipment

Jacks are a staple of any workshop or garage. They are powerful tools that make the task of lifting thousands of
pounds seem mundane. However, because of how reliable modern jacks have become, users frequently disregard
basic safety precautions. They assume that nothing can go wrong and that doing something as simple as using a
jack stand is just a waste of time. That could not be further from the truth.

Jack stands are an essential part of vehicle lifting. Jacks are designed to raise a load not hold it. They
use hydraulics to lift and are susceptible to failure if left under constant pressure, especially if not
properly maintained. All it takes is one blown seal for the entire system to lose pressure causing the
load to drop. The idea that you can leave a heavy truck on a jack for an extended period of time with no

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repercussions is a myth and one that could cost the user dearly. Jack stands, on the other hand, are
purpose-built to reliably hold static loads during routine maintenance [6].

Users that fail to utilize jack stands are risking financial and bodily harm by doing so. The most
common reason given for neglecting the use of jack stands is efficiency. They say that it is a waste of
time (and therefore money) to properly set a load on a stand. However, the cost of damage caused by
one vehicle hitting the ground, or worse, a workplace injury would immediately negate any perceived
benefit. In fact, there are multiple fatalities reported every year that are clearly linked to the failure to
use a jack stands.

While it may seem inefficient or even inconvenient in the moment, it is important to remember that jack
stands are just as important as the jacks themselves. Just because your jack hasn’t failed before doesn’t
mean that it never will. Always check the user guides for all of your equipment before use and follow
all workplace safety guidelines.

Figure:4.Jack-stand

Car ramps are an easy alternative to jack stands, as long as you use them correctly. It may take a couple
tries to drive up them if you have placed them on a smooth floor, but once up and centered, your car
should be stable.
When it comes to working on your vehicle, lifting the bonnet can only allow you to do a certain
amount. At some point, you’re going to have to raise the car up off the ground. Being able to lift the
vehicle off the ground can not only make life easier, but it can also allow for the completion of larger

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jobs that that may have otherwise required you to bring it to a garage. The type of equipment to use
depends on the task at hand. To make life easier, we’ve created this handy guide to help you choose the
best tools for the job.

Jack stands can be used for many different jobs, from replacing tyres and installing mufflers to
changing oil and inspecting exhaust pipes. They have a unique shape that looks very similar to a tower
or tripod. While these tools are very reliable, they must be used correctly to provide the required level
of safety and efficiency. When lifting a vehicle, you should always place the jack stands on a hard and
flat surface. Also, the jack stand you’re using should be designed to withstand the weight of the vehicle
that is being raised. Never use a jack that has a lower weight capacity of the car that you want to lift.
The jack stand tools online stores have on offer are often categorized according to their maximum
weight and height capacities. Their weight capacity often ranges between 1 and 10 tons, but there are
also heavy duty models that can have a higher capacity. Advanced models of jack stands come with
adjustable height that allow you to position the vehicle at a height that best suits your specific working
conditions.

As long as the jack stands you use have enough weight capacity for your vehicle and are placed at
proper support points. You can safely leave a car mounted for several days, months or years. The main
things to consider are will the suspension be under any abnormal stress and can the stands scratch the
frame. Leaving a car on jack stands overnight or for coupled.

2.2. Are Car Ramps Safe?

Providing that you take all of the recommended precautions when using them, car ramps should
give you a very safe way of working underneath your vehicle. A key thing to ensure is that the
ramp is wide enough to fully support the full width of the tires so that there is no chance of it falling
off the ramp. It is also important to check that the ramps you have are certified to sufficiently
support the vehicle. If you are unsure of your vehicle’s weight, it can usually be found on the VIN
plate just inside the driver’s door frame or listed in the owner’s manual. If you are in any doubt,
then seek professional advice before using them. Used properly, ramps can be a safer alternative to
raising your vehicle with a jack and jack stands. Ramps can also be easier and faster, especially if
your car sits low to the ground where it's difficult to see the jack points.
Keep in mind that your vehicle won't be level when using ramps, since you can only use ramps at
one axle. Therefore, ramps aren't advised for changing fluids (such as motor oil) because having the
vehicle tipped up at an angle can prevent fluids from draining fully. This guide can be completed by

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a single person, but it's helpful to have a friend spot you from outside the vehicle as you drive it up
the ramps. If you'd rather raise your car or truck using a hydraulic jack and jack stands, follow this
guide instead [7].

Car ramps are an easy alternative to jack stands, as long as you use them correctly. It may take a
couple tries to drive up them if you have placed them on a smooth floor, but once up and centered,
your car should best able.
When it comes to working on your vehicle, lifting the bonnet can only allow you to do a certain
amount. At some point, you’re going to have to raise the car up off the ground. Being able to lift the
vehicle off the ground can not only make life easier, but it can also allow for the completion of
larger jobs that that may have otherwise required you to bring it to a garage. The type of equipment
to use depends on the task at hand. To make life easier, we’ve created this handy guide to help you
choose the best tools for the job.

2.3. How to Stop Car Ramps from sliding?

Using car ramps on a flat and suitable (i.e. hard) surface is important, not only ensures a safer
working environment but also to make the job at hand that bit easier. Most ramps will have a
special surface on their base to aid grip with the floor. Before driving the vehicle up on to them,
check that both are just touching the front of each tire. That way, the vehicle will rise onto them at
the same rate. When you drive forward, do so slowly. The last thing you want to do is risk spinning
your wheels (if it’s a front-wheel-drive car) on the ramp, or worse still, going off the end of them
[8].

2.4. How to Keep Car Ramps from Sliding On concrete?

If you have a smooth concrete floor when you’re working on your vehicle, it may be harder to prevent
the ramps from slipping forward as you begin to drive up onto them. There are a few simple solutions
to prevent this from happening. Placing some old carpet or rubber carpet underlay sections underneath
the ramps can be a cheap solution to giving them enough grips to not slide forward[9].

Figure: 3. Car wash ramps washing center area

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2.5. Portable Light Vehicle Ramp Features

 Scepter Pro Ramp features a sturdy and durable design that allows for safe
access to the underside of your vehicle
 Quick and easy way to safely lift your vehicle for service and repair
 Non-skid rubber feet help prevent slippage
 Longer profile accommodates lower vehicles
 Rust-proof and lightweight design allows water, snow or dirt to fall through for use in
all-weather
 Hi-Tech grate design adds strength and increased traction
 For maximum security, be sure to place wheel chocks behind rear tires
 If elevated onto 2 ramps, the Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight capacity is4000kg [10].

2.6. Car Ramps for Driveways

Using car can be more convenient and safer to use than a jack and axle stands if you have a sloped
driveway (although we’d always recommend working on a flat surface). Lining the ramps up with your
front or rear wheels is easy, and then it’s simply a case of slowly driving up onto them. One of the big
advantages of ramps is their ease of use. Ramps are also that bit safer as you don’t run the risk of not
picking the correct jacking point. That said, safety is still of paramount importance anytime you’re
going to be working underneath a vehicle. We recommend leaving the car in gear, with the parking
brake applied and using wheel chocks on the rear wheels to minimize any risk of the vehicle rolling.
These measures might sound excessive, but when it comes to safety, it just isn’t worth cutting any
corners. The cost of both ramps and the wheel chocks can still be less than a visit to the local garage,
and these aren’t typically items that tend to wear out so they should last you a lifetime [11]

Figure: 6.Car Ramps for Driveways

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2.7. Car Ramps for Low Clearance Cars
If your pride and joy happens to sit low on the road, then you’re going to have to be careful about
which ramps you choose to use. The key to this is the length.
Longer ramps will have a shallower angle and therefore will reduce the potential risk of damaging
bumpers or bodywork when driving up onto them. If your vehicle has a lowered ride height, there’s a
good chance that the original jack that came with it will no longer fit underneath, as well. It is possible
to buy specialist low-profile jacks designed for lowered or modified vehicles, but make sure that you
check the minimum height first before purchasing. When using jacks, only ever use the jacking point
that is recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. Specific points are designed for this reason and are
not only stronger, but help to keep the vehicle balanced when being lifted. Failing to use the correct
jacking points will not only put you at risk but could severely damage your vehicle, too. We stock ramp
extensions for lowered cars that attach to your standard car ramps.[12]

Figure: 7. Car Ramps for Low Clearance Cars

2.8. Car ramps for oil changes

When it comes to changing the oil in your vehicle, choosing the right type of ramp can make the task so
much easier. One important aspect to consider is height, as you want to be able to work underneath the
car with enough space to move around. We recommend that you change your oil after the engine has
run at normal temperature, but this means many of the parts, such as the exhaust, could still be hot, so
having that extra bit of space will be welcome.

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Having that added height is good, but you may also want to consider being able to raise the rear of the
vehicle so that it is level and therefore all of the oil can drain properly from the sump. Using two more
ramps on the back is one option. Alternatively, jacking up the car and placing it on axle stands is
another, although this won’t be as simple as just using ramps. When using axle stands it is vital that you
place them at the correct points in which to support
the vehicle while ensuring that the safety locking pins are securely fixed in place. As with ramps and
jacks, be careful to check that the axle stands you plan on using are sufficiently rated to support your
vehicle’s full weight.[13]

Figure: 8. Car ramps for oil changes

2.9. This Our Project Is Best Car Ramp With Hydraulic Jack for Quick and Easy
Maintenance
While using a floor jack and jack stands is the most common way to lift your car or truck, for some
jobs, there’s a faster and easier way. Car ramps (not to be confused with car trailer ramps) are a safe
alternative since they provide large, solid areas of contact which are highly unlikely to fail. While
automotive ramps obviously won’t do you much good if you need to access the wheel or break area, for
things such as oil changes, belt changes, or rear exhaust work, a good set of tire ramps along with a
couple wheel chocks is quick, easy, and safe.

The best car ramps will have enough ground clearance to allow you to comfortably work under your
car and an incline that’s gradual enough where it poses no problems for low profile cars. You should

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also consider their weight capacity and maximum tire width allowed. Truck and SUV owners will want
to consider heavy duty car ramps to be able to support the extra weight and possibly wider tires. Long
and low profile ramps are often the only option for sports cars and lowered vehicles.

Figure: 9.Best Car ramp

2.10. Weight Capacity of the ramp

Before purchasing a car ramp, you need to measure the axle weight of your car, which is usually the
heaviest at the front. All of the recommended car ramps above have their axle weight listed, which
all have surplus for the average car.

Some car ramps use single axis ratings as opposed to GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight), which are
usually noted. Remember never to overload the ramp because your life will depend upon the
ramp holding the weight whilst you are underneath Regardless of the rating used on preferred
car ramp, must never exceed its weight capacity. Exceeding this capacity will not only damage
the ramp; it is very risky for the person working around underneath of the car.

Table: 1.Our project property from solid work

Our project

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 Density 1000kg/m3 /0.0361Ib/In3
Mass 36.4kg /79.5Ib
Volume 0.034m3 /2200In3
Area 15.95m2 /25525.45 In2

2.11. Gross Vehicle Weight

The gross vehicle weight is the combined weight of the vehicle and all passengers and cargo
pieces in "gross," that is to say, in total. Gross vehicle weight is especially important if you're
driving in a delicate area or if you're carry exceptionally heavy cargo. Gross vehicle weight is
particularly important for truck drivers, who may be carrying huge quantities of cargo that might
alter the total weight of the vehicle considerably.

For more information about the differences between curb weight and gross weight, as well as
information on when these two figures are important to know, speak with a mechanic, a dealer or
another certified car services professional.

2.12. Wheel Width & Wheel Chokes

The majority of car ramps cater for all passenger cars with the ramp rated for much wider wheels
from trucks. Once you have your vehicle loaded onto the ramp, safety is something you want to
ensure is paramount. Wheel chocks are the best form of safety as they ensure your car doesn’t roll
on the car ramp. We strongly recommend putting a set of wheel chokes.

Ramp Surfaces

You will notice that all of the recommended car ramps include either serrated or punch plated ramp
surfaces. The purpose is to ensure the car has optimum traction when loading and offloading.

For those that create homemade car ramps, they will most probably use a blank of wood with no
traction a feature, meaning it’s virtually impossible to load safely

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2.13. The Method of the Vehicle Service Ramp with Hydraulic Jack Operations

1. On a dry, smooth surface such as your garage floor or driveway, position a ramp against each
front tire and push so the bottom of the ramp is right up against the tire. Make sure your wheels
are pointed straight ahead and center the ramp to each tire making sure it’s perfectly in line with
the tire.

2. Get in your vehicle (it sometimes helps to keep the driver door open) and GENTLY give it gas
to drive up the ramp. Ramps have a small lip at the front so you’ll know when you’ve reached
the front edge and your tires are fully on the ramp. If the ramp starts sliding forward as you
drive up, you’re either going too slow or too fast. Lay off the gas to go back down and try again
(you may need to get out at re-align the ramps).

3. Once on top of the ramps, engage the parking brake and get out of the vehicle to make sure your
tires are centered on each ramp.

4. Place wheel chocks at the back wheels. Most people will simply put a chock behind each rear
tire but for extra safety, place a chock behind one rear tire and in front of the other wheel tire.
This will prevent the car from rolling in either direction.

5. Pump the hydraulic cylinder jack by hand to lift the ramp plate with safety stand, according to
you want height and insert (Lock) the safety stand by pin.

6. Get to work! Change your oil, transmission fluid, drive belt, lighting system, leakage, washing
under vehicle……….. etc.

7. After operation finished, remove the pin from the safety stand and down the hydraulic jack,
remove wheel chock from the rare then start the vehicle & lift down the car from the ramp.

8. Cleaning the service area.

Finding the best car ramp to raise your vehicle higher off the ground for oil changes and other
maintenance is important. It can make a big difference between having a reliable, functional ramp or
one that you can’t trust. As useful as they can be, it’s important that you choose the correct one for the
job. From low profile car ramps to heavy duty, let’s review the 5 best car ramps that you can use for
your garage or shop.

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2.14. Important Of Safety

A. Personal safety
You must take precautions to protect yourself from injuries,. This includes wearing protective such as
safety shoe, eye glass and etc... Working professionally, and correctly handling tools and equipment.

B. Work area safety

The floor of your work area and bench tops should be kept clean, dry, and orderly. Any oil, coolant, or
grease on the floor can make it slippery. Slips can result in serious injuries. To clean up oil, use
commercial oil absorbent. Also, keep all water off the floor. Water is slippery on smooth floors, and
electricity flows well through water. Aisles and walkways should be kept clean and wide enough to
easily move through. Make sure the work areas around machines are large enough to safely operate the
machine.

C. Eye Protection
Your eyes can become infected or permanently damaged by many things in a shop. Consider the Dirt
and sharp bits of rust can easily fall into your eyes so you have to wear glass Have lenses made of
safety glass.

D. Clothing
Clothing that hangs out freely, such as shirttails, can create a safety hazard and cause serious injury.
Shirts should be tucked in and buttoned and long sleeves buttoned or carefully rolled up. Your clothing
should be well fitted and comfortable but made with strong material. Some technicians prefer to wear
coveralls or shop coats to protect their personal clothing. Your work clothes should offer you some
protection but should not restrict your movement.

E. Gloves
Good hand protection is often overlooked. A scrape, cut, or burn can seriously impair your ability to
work for many days. A well-fitted pair of heavy work gloves should be worn while grinding, welding,
or when handling chemicals or high-temperature components. Polyurethane or vinyl gloves should be
worn when handling strong and dangerous caustic chemicals. These chemicals can easily burn your
skin.

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F. Ear Protection
Exposure to very loud noise levels for extended periods can lead to hearing loss. Air wrenches, engines
running under a load, and vehicles running in enclosed areas can all generate harmful levels of noise.
Simple earplugs or earphone-type protector.

G. Hair and Jewelry

Long hair and loose, hanging jewelry can create the same type of hazard as loose-fitting clothing. They
can get caught in moving metals parts and machinery. If you have long hair, tie it back or tuck it under
a cap. Rings, necklaces, bracelets, and watches should not be worn while working. A ring can rip your
finger off, a watch or bracelet can cut your wrist, and a necklace can choke you. This is especially true
when working with or around electrical wires. The metals in most jewelry conduct electricity very well
and can easily.

H. Shoes
You should also protect your feet. Tennis and jogging cause a short, through you, if it touches a bare
wire shoes provide little protection if something falls on your foot. Boots or shoes made of leather or a
material that approaches the strength of leather, offer much better protection from falling objects. There
are many designs of safety shoes and boots that also have steel plates built into the toe and shank to
protect your feet. Many also have soles that are designed to resist slipping on wet surfaces. Foot injuries
are not only quite painful but can also put you out of work for some time.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3. Methodology and Materials

This chapter will cover the details explanation of methodology that is being used to make this project
complete and working well. The method is use to achieve the objective of the project that will
accomplish a perfect result.

The methodology to modify and construction of portable medium vehicle service ramp with hydraulic
jack lifter is begin from designed preparation up to testing the lifter for functionality is shown in below
flow charts.

3.1. Project Design

Figure: 10 .3D project designs

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 Figure: 11. Dimension of project design

3.2. Design Analysis and Material Selection

The hydraulic jack lifter is used for overhauling purpose particularly under the vehicle and also used to
support deferential (power transmission parts) when overhauling the components. In this project
hydraulic jack lifter has been designed that is powered by hydraulic jack to rise the height of 60 cm and
carrying capacity of 3000 kg (3 tone).
To construct this ramp some components are used. They are:, square pipe, round pipe, Bolt and nut,
electrode, Hydraulic jack and Angle Iron. The lifter is operated by hydraulic system. The lift has a light
bulb for visibility under the vehicle.
Some of the component is discussed as following.

3.2.1. Design Analysis of Hydraulic Jack

A hydraulic jack is a device that is used to lift heavy loads by applying a force via a hydraulic cylinder.
Hydraulic jacks lift loads using the force created by the pressure in the cylinder chamber. A hydraulic
jack creates pressure by moving oil through two cylinders via a pump plunger. The pump plunger is
drawn back, which opens the suction valve and draws oil into the pump chamber. As the plunger is
pushed down, the oil is transported through an external discharge valve and into the cylinder chamber.
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The suction valve then closes, resulting in pressure being built up within the chamber; causing the
piston in the chamber to rise and lift your heavy object. This process can be repeated many times,
allowing your load to be lifted higher. The jack is used for lifting movable plate with safety stand of
this ramp.

Figure 12: Pair of hydraulic cylinder jack

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A=200mm, B=50mm, C=50mm, D300mm

Load (W) = 3 ton (30kN)

Operating Pressure (p) = 25 M Pa

Lifting range (L) = 20 cm
Man, effort put on the pedal (e) = 4 Kg
Permissible tensile stress of mild steel (σt) = 120 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress of mild steel (τ) = 20 N/mm2
Permissible lifting stress of mild steel (σc) = 20 N/mm2

Force of hydraulic cylinder is depending on the pressure in the cylinder

Figure 13: Applied pressure on hydraulic jack

F (kg) = p (bar) x A (cm2)
Force of hydraulic cylinder is depending on the pressure in the cylinder.
F (kg) = p (bar) x A (cm2) --------------------------------------Eq (1)
Where F= force acting on the cylinder in kg.
P = operating pressure in bar.
A = the cylinder effective area in cm2 (piston diameter)
A (cm2) = Fxπd2/4
Given: Pressure =force/area
. /
Internal piston length=100mm = .

Force of the piston =2000kg to 2500kg P min=5.098N/mm2

A = π(D) /4 P=4.44 Mpa

. /
D=75mm Pmax = .

A= π(75) /4=4415.652mm = 5.55 Mpa

Force =pressure x area

σ t= F/A-------------------------------------------------------------Eq(2)

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 .
= = σt =10.867N/M2
. .

Hence the induced tensile strength of M.S. is less than permissible value. So, the design Of Hydraulic
Jack We Select is safe.

3.2.2. Design Analysis of Frame and Base

The desired material properties are strength, stiffness, plasticity and hardness and thus Mild Steel is
used. Mild steel tube, square pipe and angle iron is used for different construction industry for different
purposes. The dimensions, including nominal width, nominal depth, nominal diameter and nominal
wall thickness are subject to the permissible variations stipulated in ASTM A500 “standard
specification. in these project square pipes used for construction of frames, top, side and base form.
Square pipe is used for make plate and base on this ramp.

Figure:14.Frame and Base

Analysis of Frame
The square frame was designed based on maximum shear stress theory (MSST), because mild steel is a
ductile material. MSST states that maximum allowable stress of the material (design) is proportional to
the ratio of yield strength of the material and factor of safety. Hence;
Ʈ= Ʈ maxx2n-------------------------------------------------------------Eq (3)
For shear stress

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 σ= σmaxxn-------------------------------------------------------------Eq (4)
For tensile strength
Shear strength for mild steel σy= 143 x106N/m2 is Ʈy the yield strength in tension of mild steel
=250 x106 N/m2, were:
 ins the factor of safety = 4.
 Ʈmax is the maximum allowable stress of the design in shear.
 σmax is the maximum allowable stress of the design intension.

3.2.2.1. Design of Frame

The distance travelled by the frame is depend to the change in length of the movement of hydraulic jack
lift. Frames are design on the bases of direct tensile stress and shear stress. Direct tensile stress or
compressive stress acting on the frame due to axial force is given as;
σ = W/Ac (N/m2) -----------------------------------------------------------Eq (5)
Where Acis the area of the frame = /4Dc2. And Dc is the diameter of the frame = 80mm =0.08m
Ac= /4 x0.082m=5.02 ⨉ 10-3m2

σ = 2500/5.02 ⨉ 10-4m2
=49.8N/m2

Tensional stress Ʈ= 16T/ Dc3 N/m3

Ʈ =16 x0.114285/3.142 x0.083m

=5371.41/m2

Since the frame is subjected to both axial and tensional shear stresses, the maximum shear stress will be
Calculated as given below

Maximum shear stress acting on the bolt Ʈ max= σ2 4Ʈ2 (N/m2)

Ʈ MAX= √49.8 + 42X2957.12=2957.2N/m2
And the maximum tensile stress σmax= σ/2 + σ2 4Ʈ2(N/m2)
.
σMax= + (49.94)2 + 4X(5371.4)2=7868/M2
Ʈy =Ʈ max.2nσmax= = =35750

7868/m2<35750
Ʈ
Ʈ max= = =31250000

2957.2N/m2< 31250000
The buckling is >load applied so material we select is safe.

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Base is square pipe, it holds and support the entire job and transmit all the forces acting on it to the
ground.

3.2.3. Design Analysis of Bolt and Nut

Selection of Bolt and Nut Bolt is a cylindrical bar with threads for the nut at one end and head at the
other end. The cylindrical part of the bolt is known as shank. It is passed through drilled holes in the
two parts to be fastened together and clamped them securely to each other as the nut is screwed on to
the threaded end. The through bolts may or may not have a machined finish and are made with either
hexagonal or square heads. A through bolt should pass easily in the holes, when put under tension by a
load along its axis. If the load acts perpendicular to the axis, tending to slide one of the connected parts
along the other end thus subjecting it to shear, the holes should be reamed so that the bolt shank fits
snugly there in. The through bolts according to their usage may be known as machine bolts, carriage
bolts, automobile bolts, eye bolts etc.
Bolt and nuts are used for joining the components of ramp with hydraulic jack.
Nuts are made on different specification in accordance with shape, size, and applications. This bolt and
nut are commonly used for fastening purpose in vehicle components and unit assemblies servicing and
assembling process because of; it is always involve loosening and tightening easily.

Table 2 - Sourcing Instruction Listing

Table 3: Bolt and nuts specification

Designation Pitch mm Major or Effective or Minor or core Depth of Stress area
nominal pitch (dc)mm thread mm2
diameter diameter (bolt)mm
Bolt Nut
nut and bolt nut and bolt
(d=D)mm (dp)mm

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
M 12 2 14.000 12.701 11.546 11.835 1.227 115
M 16 2.5 16.000 14.376 12.933 13.294 1.534 157
M 18 2.5 18.000 16.376 14.933 15.294 1.534 192
M 20 2.5 20.000 18.376 16.933 17.294 1.534 245

The bolt diameter is assumed M20mm from the above table the dc values read
dc = 14.933mm
Where: - Pi = 2840 d N
-Pi = Initial tension in a bolt, and
- d = Nominal diameter of bolt, in mm.
Let σt = stress set up in the bolt.
Pi = 2840d=2840×20 = 56800N It is also known that initial tension in the bolt (p)
56850 = (dc) 2 σt
σt = 252.57N/mm2
=252.57N Mpa

The second bolt diameter is M16mm from the above table

The dc values read =12.933
Pi = 1420 d N ------------------------------------------------------Eq(6)
Pi=1420d = 1420x16=22720 It is also known that initial tension in the bolt (p)
π 2
22720= (dc) σt
4

σt = 173.03N/mm2
=173.03Mpa

Figure 15: Bolt and nut

A -16-bolt head, E-10mm length L-80mm, thread length l 15mm

Figure: 16.bolt and nut dimension

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3.2.4. Design Analysis Hydraulic jacklever
Lever is used for actuating the hydraulic cylinder. It is fitted on the cylinder actuating lever and it
is operate by hand.

Figure: 17. Hydraulic jack pedal

A lever is made up of mild steel and is used to apply load on the plunger. It is attached to the plunger
with the help of pivot.
Assumptions,
1. Effort put on lever by man = 20 kg
2. Load actingon plunger = 130 kg
Velocity ratio of lever =6.5
Required distance from fulcrum to load =
11.5cm Total lengthoflever = 6.5×11.5
= 74.75 cm.
We take length of lever = 75
cm
Lever is made up of mild
steel.
Permissible tensile strength of mild steel(σt)= 120N/mm2

Where
M = maximum bending
moment I = moment of
inertia
= permissible tensile strength
Y = distance between outer most layer to
neutral layer Z = section modulus

Volume = 368.155 cm3

Weight = volume × density
= 368.155 × 7.8
= 2.87 kg

Where dl = diameter of lever

= 0.0219 m
= 21.9 mm
We adopt diameter of lever = 25 mm

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 3.2.5. Design AnalysisSquare pipe
Mild steel tube, square is used for different construction purposes. The dimensions, including
nominal width, nominal depth, nominal diameter and nominal wall thickness are subject to
the permissible variations stipulated in standard specification for cold-formed welded and
seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes. In this project square pipes are
used for construction of portable vehicle service ramp components frame.

They are subjected to buckling and bending load which cause breaking of lift. The desired
material properties are strength, stiffness, plasticity and hardness and thus Mild Steel is used.
Mild steel tube, square is used for different construction industry for different purposes. The
dimensions, including nominal width, nominal depth, nominal diameter and nominal wall
thickness are subject to the permissible variations stipulated in ASTM A500 “standard
specification for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds
and shapes”. In his project square pipes used for construction of frames, top, side and base
form.

Figure: 18.Square pipe

This part moves along the frame, holds and pushes the plate form lift there by hydraulic jack.
It is made up of mild steel. Average shear stress acting on the frame

Ʈn = (N/m2) ------------------------------------------------------------Eq (7)

Where D is the major diameter of thesquare Pipe= 84mm = 0.084m. bis the width of the bolt
= 100mm
= 0.1m

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 Ʈn =2500/3.142 x0.084 x0.1

= 6.7N/m2

Ʈy= Ʈmax x2n-------------------------------------------------------------Eq (8)

Were n = the factor of safety = 4. Ʈy is the yield strength of mild steel= 250x10 N/m2

Ʈmax =Ʈy/4m-------------------------------------------------------------Eq (9)

=250 x106/4 x2

= 31250000

6.7N/m2< 31250000

3.2.6. Design Analysis Angle Iron

An angle iron is a flat metal rod that has been folded to a 90-degree angle along its length,
resulting in an L-shaped piece. Usually the two sides of the angle are of equal length. Heavier
angle iron is often a structural element in buildings, bridges, and so on, while a lighter
version is used for a variety of supports. An adjustable bed frame, for example, is made of
this material

Angle iron falls under the category of structural steel. The iron or steel items often are used
for repairs requiring structural strength with relatively little weight. Angle iron comes in
varying lengths and sizes. The metal is bent into an L-shape with the bend extending the
length of the iron. This creates flat services extending both horizontally and vertically giving
the piece strength in both directions.

It is formed in a specific shape to be extremely stable and able to bear excessive amounts of
pressure and weight. Normally bent into an L-shape and it’s often used to frame or build
various pieces of furniture, supporting structures, walls or shelves. Mild Steel Angle Iron is
a length of steel or iron that is bent at a right angle, commonly used for making frames, racks
and for construction purposes.

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We stock Equal Angles or Unequal Angles, ranging in a variety of sizes. Angle sections are
stocked in either 1.5m lengths, 3m lengths or 6m lengths. If you require specific lengths for
your project then why not take advantage of our cutting service? We offer up to UNLIMITED
FREE cuts per length.

Figure: 19. Angle Iron

The thickness of the angle iron will determine the type of jobs it is suited for. Smaller pieces
are normally used for jobs where the amount of pressure and weight will be minimal, while
larger thicker pieces of steel are used on walls and supporting beams of buildings that must
constantly bear massive amounts of weight.

3.2.6.1. Properties Of Angle Sections With Equal Legs (L-Shapes)

Size Thickne Weight/fo Ag. Axis1-1 and Axis 2-2 Axis3-3

ss ot
I S R X r min
In In Lbs In2 In 4 In3 In In In
3 4.7 1.36 0.48 0.35 0.59 0.64 0.39
/
8
2× 2
5/16 3.92 1.15 0.42 0.30 0.60 0.61 0.39
¼ 3.19 0.94 0.35 0.25 0.61 0.59 0.39
3/16 2.44 0.71 0.28 0.19 0.62 0.57 0.40
1/8 1.65 0.48 0.19 0.13 0.63 0.55 0.40

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Table 4: Properties of angle sections with equal legs (L- shapes)

Formula

DL=18kg*2.203 =39.654Ib (1Kips/1000) =0.0396kips

LL= 1000 kg *2.203 =2203Ib (1kips/1000) =2.203kips

Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS)

=1.2(0.0396kips) +

1.6(2.203kips) = 3.572kips

= 4kips

At a joint

79.5º

F1

F2X
F2y

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Allowable Strength =Nominal Strength/ Safety Factor
sin = 79.5°

20kn/4= 5kips

=0

F1x=f3

sin 79.5°

sin 79.5° 1 − 3 = 0 EQN 1

=0

5kips+f2+cos 79.5° = 0 EQN2

F3=sin 79.5° 1

F3=sin 79.5(43.89 )

F3=43.15kips tension

F2=8kips-cos 79.5°(43.89)

F2=-16kips comp ration

/.

5kips=sin 10.5f1 ∑ =0

F1=8kips/sin10.5°
F1=43.89kips tension

=0

F2+cos 10.5(27.43kips) =0

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F2= -43.16kips compresion

DESIGNE OF ANGLE BAR

2in*2in*1/4in

USE A36; ASSUTE Ag=Ae

Pex=43.80kips fy=36ksi ; fu= 58ksi

Compute pin= 0.9fy Ag property of angle bar

Pin=0.9(36kips/in2) (0.94in2)

Pin= 30.456 at yield strength

Pin=cos3/4= 0.75 (58kips/in2) (0.662in2)

Pin =28.82 kips fracture strength

28.82×2=57.64 kips for both pair of ramp

Required strength ≤ allowable strength

Pex≤ Pin 43.89 kips<57.64 kips

Factor of safty =57.64 kips/ 43.89kips = 1.3

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 3.3. Material Selection

A large number of materials are available for engineering applications. The following were
considered in this work: cost effectiveness, availability, high or low tensile, strength as may
be required, rigidity and/or flexibility, corrosion resistance, ductility etc.

Table 5: Material selection

No Part name Strength (properties) Quantity Specification

1 Maximum strength It can load maximum
Hydraulic jack 2 weight.
2 Maximum tensile ,high 50*60*3 thick mm
Angle Iron corrosion resistance 9 50mm*50mm*500*3mm

3 High steel metal

Square pipe and High mild steel tube 40*30*25*5 thick mm
Round pipe It have More corrosion
resistance metal 6 80mm*80mm*2.5m*3
mm thick

4 Normal diameter nut Hex-bolt 3/8-16*1.5

Bolt and nut and bolt 4
Hex-Nut 3/8-16

5 High strength, 2 It mild steel more ductile

Frame and Base stiffness, mild steel material and maximum
metals allowable stress.
6 Good strength, It have higher tensile
Hydraulicjack hardness& stress force 4 stress and shear materials
lever(pedal)
7 Higher strength metal It have high carbon steel
Pin lock 6 materials

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 3.4. Detail Drawing of our project

Part No.1:-hydraulic jack

Figure: 20, hydraulic jack detail drawing

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Part No. 2:-Platform lifts the vehicle

Figure: 21,platform detail drawing

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Part No.3:- Car ramp without hydraulic jack

Figure: 22, Car ramp without hydraulic jack detail drawing

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Part No.4:- Car ramp with hydraulic jack

Figure: 23, hydraulic car ramp detail drawing

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 3.5. Manufacturing Process of the project flowchart

Prepare the Select the Prepare the

design material material

No

Test Assembling/ Measure and

welding cut

Paint and
Yes finish work

3.5.1. Manufacturing Procedures (Steps)

Manufacturing process of portable vehicle service ramp with hydraulic jack includes
measuring, cutting, drilling, welding and painting, Prepare the work plan and drawing for
each work to be performed. This process is defined as follows:

1. Prepare the work plan and drawing for each work has been performed
2. Prepare machine, tools and material needed
3. Select the necessary metals
4. Measure and cut metals according to project planned
5. Join each metals according to work planned by using bolt, nut and arc welding.
6. Grind the joined parts by portable grinder
7. Install the hydraulic cylinder jack on the bottom back frame of the lifter
8. Assemble all parts the ramp and lifter together by welding.
9. Put some amount body filler on whole parts of frame and sand using fine sand paper
10. Clean the whole parts of the frame by sanding to made it ready for painted
11. Paint the whole body of ramp and lift by used desired body paint

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 12. Test the ramp with hydraulic jack lifter for functionality
13. Return all machine, tools and equipment on their proper places
14. Clean the work place to make ready for next job.

3.5.2. Machineries and Equipment’s Required in the Production of Project

Table 6 : Manufacturing Machine and Equipment

No List of machine Uses

1 Welding machine
2 Lathe machine
3 Milling machine
4 Grinding machine
5 Drilling machine
6 Power hacksaw
7 Bending machine
8 Measuring device
9 Cutter machine
10 Wrenches
11 PPE
To weld the parts of the project
To minimize the shape of tools & make thread
Is used to manufacture bolts
To cut of metal
To make hole
To cut off metals
To bend of metal at required shape
To Measuring the dimension of project
For cutting the Angle Iron
To tight and loosing bolt & nut
For personal safety

3.5.3. Resource used for our paper proposal

For this paper proposal we need some Resource that helps us to identify all of the resources
required to complete our paper successfully. We used the following resources for our system.

No. Resources name Number of items

1 Computer/Laptop 1
2 Flash disk 2
3 Printer 1
4 Paper 1 packet
6 Internet Per/hr.
5 Pen/pencil 1 pack

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 2

Table 7: Resource used for our paper proposal

3.6. Assembly procedures

Developing process is a list of steps follow to make for each parts of our project are the
following:-
1. Read the working drawing carefully.
2. Identify the component that used for assembly
3. Prepare the component for assembly
4. Connect the movable support to fixed support frame by pin
5. Install the hydraulic jack with base frame by bolt
6. connect movable frame with shaft and linkage
7. join the inclined frame with base frame
8. weld all the side support with upper frame and lower frame
9. Check all assemble parts.
10. Apply finishing. Finishing means applying the protective coating to
the project, without protective coating the pieces of work slowly
loses its quality and beauty
12. Check the hydraulic car ramp.

3.7. Objective of Maintenance

Maintenance is to keep the equipment in existing operational condition. This implies
that maintenance is the action that prevents a device or component from failure.
There are different types of maintenance which protect the device from or component
parts from failure. Types of maintenance are; preventive maintenance, predictive
maintenance, breakdown maintenance.

3.7.1. Maintenance Strategy

Through working operation if the component of hydraulic car ramp is damaged, the
component is maintained as follows.

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 Table 8: Maintenance strategy

No Fail part Maintenance

1 Broken or wear of support frame Replace
2 Bending of platform plate Replace
3 Broken or bend the inclined frame Align and weld
4 Bend or broken upper and lower base Align, weld or replace
5 Wear bolt Change
6 Hydraulic jack leakage Repair or replace
7 Broken or wear of pin Replace
8 Side ,upper and lower base bending or broken Repair

3.8. Project Evaluation

At the end of the project, the project strength, working performance and working value are
evaluated by automotive department lecturer, manufacturing department lecturer and garage
technician by compressing the suspension spring by hydraulic spring compressor and the
compressor have to compress the spring up to sated manual specification of the spring. The
results we gate from the evaluation are good and this hydraulic strut spring compressor is
working successfully.

3.8.1. Evaluation Criteria

1. Safety (the relative inherent safety over and above stated requirements)
2. Performance (the degree to which the designed concept exceeds requirements)
3. Ease of manufacture
4. Ease of service or replacement of components
5. Ease of operation
6. Low initial cost
7. Low operating and maintenance costs
8. Small size and low weight
9. Low noise and vibration; smooth operation
10. Use of readily available materials and purchased components
11. Prudent use of both uniquely designed parts and commercially available components
12. Appearance that is attractive and appropriate to the application

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3.9. Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker. It is related to the safety of the
mechanic while operating the vehicle service ramp. The objective of ergonomics is to make
the ramp operation easier and safe for user. You may have heard the term ‘ergonomics’. In
some industries, such as major hazards, defense and transport, ergonomics is also called
‘human factors’. This leaflet helps to explain how applying ergonomics can improve health
and safety in your workplace.
The best part of using a hydraulic car ramp to lift your vehicle is the ease of use. So long as
you have a flat and spacious working area, all you have to do is drive the car directly onto the
ramp. It is as simple as that. The same goes for removing the ramps. Simply back the car off
of them.

Since you drive your car anyway, this is an incredibly intuitive design choice. Those who are
not comfortable with a jack stand will be able to use a ramp no problem.

The ramp is incredibly safe if you use them correctly. Since they offer more base support for
your vehicle, the car falling chances are incredibly low. This makes the ramp the safest
option between the two choices.

However, using the ramp on unstable ground can cause the car to slide or the ramp to buckle.
In either scenario, you could get seriously injured in the process. Make sure to set the ramp
up on completely sturdy and flat ground, so you don’t run this safety risk.

Generally, this project can be used in the workplaceto:-

 Reduce the potential for accidents

 Reduce the potential for injury and ill-health;
 Improve performance and productivity.
 Lift the vehicle according to technician interest

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3.10. Work plan and budget
3.10.1. Cost Analysis of materials

Table 9: Bill of Material

NO Items Specification Unit Quantity Unit Price Total Price

1 Angle iron 40mm*40mm*2m*2.5 pcs 7 600 Birr 4200 Birr
mm thick
2 Angle bar 50mm*50mm*500 9 500 Birr 5600 Birr
*3mm pcs

3 Square pipe 80mm*80mm*2.5m*3 pcs 1 600 Birr 600 Birr

mm thick
4 Flat bar 40mm*2.5mm*1m pcs 1 300 Birr 300 Birr
5 Bolt and nut 20mm pcs 4 30 Birr 120 Birr
6 Bolt and nut Hexagonal head no.17 pcs 4 30 Birr 120 Birr
7 Hydraulic jack 3 tone pcs 2 4000 Birr 8000Birr
8 Round pipe Small pcs 1 200 Birr 200 Birr
9 Cutter disk 380mmø Set 2 170 Birr 340 Birr
10 Electrode 2.5mm Packet 1 200 Birr 200Birr
11 Grinder disk 180mmø Set 2 60 Birr 120 Birr
12 Anti-rust Silver color liter 1 300Birr 300Birr
13 Painting brush Standard pcs 3 50 Birr 150 Birr
14 Sand paper #80, #120 Roll 1 200Birr 200Birr
15 Paint Red color liters 1 150 Birr 150 Birr
16 Thinner 3 litters can Gallon 2 300 Birr 600 Birr
Total 20850 Birr

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 3.10.2. Time Schedule for the Project

Table 10: Time Schedule for the Project

NO Activity December January February
W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4

1 Group meeting

2. Project Selection

3 Preparing the
require materials

4 Work shop
selection and
kaizen
implementation
5 Collect
information about
the
project
6 Prepare
documentation of
the
project
7 Read and review
the literature about
the project
8 Write the
documentation
work
9 Discussed about
the project
10 Prepare power
point
11 Make it exercise
for presentation
12 Presentation day

13 Recheck the
documentation
based
on feed back

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4. References
BOOKS, JOURNALS & LOGICAL PERSONS
1. . Shinde, Aishwarya B., Daphal, Pranita B., Nilange, PratikshaS.Nanwatkar, R.K. (2016).
“Design and Fabrication of Mechanical transmission Lifter for vehicle”.
2. Akinwonmi, A.S. & Mohammed, A. (2012). Modification of the existing design of a car
transmission jack. Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and applied Sciences
3. Khurmi, R.S. and Gupta, J.K. (2005), A jack is a device used to raise all or part of a vehicle into
the air in order to facilitate vehicle
4. Noor, M. M., Kadirgama, K., Rahman, M. M., Sani, M.R and Rejab, M. (2008).
“Development of Auto Car transmission Jack Using Internal Car Power”, Malaysian Science and
Technology Congress.
5. Abuzaid, M., Hasnain, M., Alam, S., Khan, S. and Agarwal, S. (2013). “Inbuilt Hydraulic Jack in
Automobile Vehicles”, International Journal of Innnovations in Engineering and Technology,
Vol.

6. https://www.micksgarage.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-car-
ramps-jacks-and-axle- stands/
7. https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/How+to+Safely+Raise+a+Vehicle+Using+Ramps/66951

8. https://www.micksgarage.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-car-
ramps-jacks-and-axle- stands/
9. https://www.micksgarage.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-car-ramps-jacks-
and-axle- stands

10. http://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/scepter-pro-ramp-5400-kg-0090064p.html
11. https://www.aRhinoGear-11909ABMI-RhinoRamps-Vehicle-Ramp/dp/B0117EETEK mazon.com/

12. https://www.floorjackshop.com/the-best-car-
ramps-for-convenience/
13. 5 Best Car Ramps for Home Garage 2018 [Lightweight & Heavy Duty].html
14. https://cars.lovetoknow.com/List of Car Weights

15. Christopher Goin, Automotive, Heavy Truck, and Heavy Equipment Mechanic (2007-
present)
16. https://www.carsdirect.com/car-safety/curb-weight-vs-gross-vehicle-weight

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