Arabic Grammar For Beginners Nahw Syntax by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

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First Published in January 2012
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Contents
The Types of (Definitive Noun).............. 22
Preface............................................................. X
Exercise....................................................................... 23
Definition...................................................... ••••••
Lesson 8: Particles of Jtj& and J&J................ 23
Subject Matter............................................ . X
................... Exercise...................................................................... 25
Purpose.......................................................... .
..................... Lesson 9: Masculine and Feminine Gender 26
Lesson 1: U&' (The Word)...................
Exercise...................................................................... 28
.....................
(Utterance)........................................... Lesson 10: L»ywJi and .................................... 29

X
_ Ox
JallJi (Meaningful Utterance) Lesson 11: Types of ......................................

X
31
Lesson 12: SjyuJi tULiijf......................................
(The Word)........................................ 39
Exercise.......................................................
Exercise.......................................................... > ox ••••••••••
47
/ X J °Z Lesson 13: ...................................
Lesson 2: (Compound).............. 47
V'Z
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Lesson 14: oufjXJl............... 51

••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••' •••••••••••••••••••••a
Exercise................................. 51
T pssoh Ui 5JLL?lJi ••••••••••••••••••••••••••< Lesson 15:015 ..............
JLjVOOv/JLI.
x
55
Exercise.................................... ......................
Exercise.......................................................... 56
Ui
Lesson 16: C J**....................
*/ ✓
Exercise....... 58
^S^cercise# ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••♦••••• • •••••
0 ox 59
Lesson 5: (Incomplete sentence)
64
Exercise.............................................................................
Lesson 6: otote (Signs of a Noun).............
X
• •••
JiaJi otete (The Signs of a Verb).........

X
□yji (The Signs of a Particle)

Lesson 7: Types of Nouns......................
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Preface Arabic Grammar for Beginners
Preface Hence it is essential for a student who is intrigued to learn the Ara
bic language to be acquainted with Nahw to avoid making errors.
In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful
May Allah reward Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam immensely for un
Many people have the zeal and enthusiasm to learn, speak, read dertaking this task of facilitating a wider readership by presenting
and write Arabic. Most notably it is the language of the Holy the work in the English language and may Allah prolong his life
Qur'an and the language of the Holy Prophet B. Nevertheless, the so that we can continue to attain benefit from his knowledge and
Arabic language has a set of grammatical rules that must be ap works.
plied when speaking the language and most of all when attempt
Mufti Abdul Waheed.
ing to understand and translate the Holy Qur'an and Ahadeeth.
Teacher at Jamiah Khatamun Nabiyyeen
January 2012/Rabiul-Awwal 1433
Arabic Grammar can be divided into two categories: Sarf (Arabic
Morphology) generally deals with the conjunction of verbs, prefix
ing and suffixing letters etc. and Nahw (Arabic Syntax) which
mainly deals with the diacritical marks (I'rabs) related to endings.
This compilation is a study of Arabic Grammar on the subject of

Nahw in a simplified English format. Many books on this subject
have been written in various languages such as Arabic, Persian
and Urdu. However, in this day and age there is now a growing
demand for this subject to be available in English. Nahw plays a
significant role in the Arabic Language as a poet once said:
J JJlT J >31
"Nahw in speech is like salt in food"
6
*
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Definition, Subject, Purpose ai&'i J t

Arabic Grammar for Beginners
Nahw (Syntax)
2) f jaUJi (Meaningful Expression):
r-rra O 3 O x
Definition; A branch of knowledge which directs one towards There are two types of £AAA
- //
v z 0 Oz* x Ox /S * I J
placing the correct diacritical points (‘-*'5*!) and letters on the end of a) or i.e. a word. For instance,
words and shows how to join the words to form a complete sen- b) uAJJlor i.e. a group of words e.g. A A *3* (Hamid read)
tence.
x 0/
3) (The word):
Subject Matter: In this study, the word and the sentence X Ox
x x Ox
There are three types of XUxJl:
(fî) will be discussed.
a) (Noun)
Purpose: The purpose of this knowledge is to acquire the neces
b) JM (Verb)
sary skills of Arabic Grammar and to ultimately understand the
Holy Qur'an and Ahadeeth. c) (Particle/Letter)
Lesson 1: lU&i (The Word) a) (Noun) - is that A' which is independent of other words
in conveying its meaning. However, it is devoid of any of the
> o x .XX
1) Julli (expression) comprises of letters, irrespective of whether it three tenses (past, present and future. For example; p* (pen),
has a meaning or not. If it contains a meaning then it is termed (book), ffi (child).
ox
"meaningful expression" and if it does not contain any X Ox
b) J*? (Verb) - Ji? is that xlKJi which is independent of other words

x 0 0 Xx O
meaning then it is termed J-h-A for instance pj in this example in conveying its meaning and it also conveys one of the three
tenses i.e. past, present or future. For example; JA (He helped),
3A (He is helping/will help), A* (He read), (He is reading/
Since the Arabic language and Grammar is mainly concerned with
will read), L3'(He wrote), LJA (He is writing/will write).
meaningful words and utterances, our subject matter will only fo-
CUS on c) Ar (Particle) - is that uKJi which is dependent on either an
J*? or sometimes both in conveying its meaning. It does not
8 9
Arabic Grammar for Beginners ExerciSe
convey any of tlie three tenses. For example; J (in), p (then), J, p ox
Lesson 2: (Compound)
(from).
The following are some examples of the collective usage of all * z *x
OZ
three; is a combination of two or more words e.g.
a) fUi C-TJli’i (complete sentence)
(The man went to the Masjid) z Oz
b) ^131 (incomplete sentence)
l-yUi J UikJi £ pt QS
a) flai is a combination of words from which a complete
H J? meaning is understood without further explanation. For exam

ple; Isli jfe|| (The man is standing), s-CJi (Drink the water),
X
(The student read in the Madrasah) z o X 0
ef-jjJi X
Ji (Did you understand the lesson?).
J & J O'
b) ûJi uZjJl is a combination of words that delivers an

Exercise
incomplete meaning. For example; *_Jji 3-’^ (A student's book),
1) Identify the Jii and in the following sentences; J^1 (Easy lesson), (My pen).
S * x Ox x xX
a) cJji LIS' jjj LJT (Zaid wrote the letter in the house)
b) || (Hamid helped Bakr in the street) Note: A complete sentence is also called sliXjf or
c) t- uUi cJJ (I saw a star in the sky)

(Sentence)
2) Give ten examples of in a sentence. There are two types of

3) Give ten examples of Jij in a sentence. 1) 4
X
4) Give ten examples of <J£ in a sentence. 2) &Jf
10 11
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Exercise
1) JlXyi is that sentence wherein the possibility of truth or o J t'

* o ** o °'P rm
Lesson 3:
falsehood can exist. For example; AlJdi (The student is ill). There are two types of 4aILAjv;
Z
z
2) aJQjUi is that sentence wherein the possibility of truth or 1) 4^’

0 € o
falsehood does not exist. For example; f/i. (Read the book). 2)
1) is a sentence which begins with a noun (^9- The

Exercise /"• *** oz Ox
first part (subject) of the sentence is called aIH jZ-Jji or and

o o J
1) Mention ten examples of Asli the second part is called or In both cases the will
2) Mention ten examples of be F°r example; aij (Zaid is present),
z J * J °z 0
> 3) Identify pi3i mid in the following sentences. (Mahmood is an Alim). In these two examples jqj and are
di iULli and whilst 5^^ and are both jJLJji and
a) jili idt b) JjJi £ c) d) UUJi
2) u«Ji HisjJi is a sentence which begins with a (verb). The first
e) JJiiJi f) Si1g) Si ^3 zO JI
part of the sentence will be known as or and the second
h) K UU i) €1 a SjlS
part will be or Jpli (subject). The will always remain
For example; (Hamid read). In this example is
and Jii whereas is and JfU. Some other
x z z
examples are; dlKjJi (Shaytan deceived), JjI Jii- (Allah

made), jli- (Allah created).
Note: The subject noun, concerning which something is mentioned

or of which information is given, is called aZM IuUji or and the
word(s) that gives the information is called or JadL
12 13
*
1) Write down ten examples of ^>1 <Lk)i. Lesson 4:

2) Mention ten examples of
There are ten types of sitaJUl aJlXJi;
3) Identify <Ji jlLJi and in the following sentences
1) (To command) for example; L,(hit), 5(Establish
Salah).
b) ^>' 2) 3^* (To prohibit) for example: *3 (Do not hit), 3^13*s’1
c) uJUxll (Do not raise your voices).

0 OX x
J\* 0 Z j 3) (To question) for example; 21! li- 2*3” (How are you?),
d) 4>J* j all J X J 0
eUl (Am I not your Lord?).

✓ ✓
e)
g fe' | 4) (To wish) for example; S3"* 2JJ (If only the youth age
✓
returned), My AJT (If only I became dust).

g) |i|
5) (/r)3i (To hope) for example; (Hopefully the sick
person is sleeping), Ojis (Hopefully you become God
i) 3Uii fearing).
Note: The difference between and ^3=" is that can be
j) X
X X >X
•X x* X
used for both possible and impossible things whereas ^^3^' is

X
generally used for something that is attainable.

6) IjuH (To call) for example; a>i L' (O Allah).
✓
Note: This is a complete sentence.

7) 'jpy^ (To request) for example; (Aren t you going to
X
try hard so that you become successful), (Doesn't he
know who created him).

mt ° Ox ox Oz
Note: The difference between and is that in the

f X ° 0 4ox
former (fi^-P1) an answer is required, whereas the latter (^3^')

14
15
EXerck
is a mere request or proposal but no answer is anticipated.

z z
8) f-ab (An oath) for example: (By Allah), ilLL? d

Z
(By Allah! Indeed you are in your old mistake).

9) (Amazement) for example; Uj G (How good is Zaid)
*■ a • J
#X' G jCJUi Ja (Let man be destroyed, how ungrateful he is).

>• * >•*
10) (Transaction/Pledge) for example; The seller says in the
transaction;^^' lu eJu (I have sold this book to you) and in
return the buyer says; (1 have purchased it).
Jo ®z **
Lesson 5:
Note: In the above examples of iyiJi it may seem to be a kjA,
(Incomplete sentence)
however in Islamic law, a contract is binding on both parties, so
there can be no question of truth and falsehood. Therefore, such a There are several types of incomplete sentences:
statement will be classed as z Nevertheless,
' if someone informs 1) • (The descriptive phrase)
you of having bought the book and says (I have purchased this 2) Jlilii - (The phrase that shows possession)
book) then this statement will become '4 3) jlilii U'^jf - (The demonstrative phrase)
9 J *
4) jO U'^Ji - (The numerical phrase)

✓
Exercise
5) J%Jl Lly - (The indeclinable phrase)
1) Give three examples of each type of OiX’Ui aILJi.

Uyh - is that (compound) in which the second
2) Identify which type of ufoUi aJlJJi the following sentences are;
word describes the first word. The first word is called and
the second word is called cJJ)'. For example; ji-5 (A pious
man), in this example the word jJC* is the describing word

oiz * >
which is called cJ«3l and the first word J* 5 is the subject that is
0 > Oz
being described which is called e/yLJi.
16 17
2) s-G*!' - is that which generally shows possession city). This was formed by combining the word (name of an
i.e. the second word possesses the first word. The first word will
idol) and (name of a king).
be called and the second word 4s', For example'
(Zaid's book). In this example the word is the JlXi Exercise
and the LiCalh.

1) Give ten examples of IliB and Ui
3) &- is that wherein the first word, the pronoun, x ° J * s J s ° J & X J
2) Give five examples of jtelli s-CA-11 and

is used to indicate towards the second word. The pronoun is
• tfi I. •' J
y.
known as 4^4 (44 and the second word 41 j&Ji. For example,
iJa (This book). In this example the word lx* is

Lesson 6:
and L-iKh is• x • X
jL4Ji. oUMp (Signs of a Noun)
Note: 44 must be prefixed with ji for the sentence to be
0 X
incomplete. If it is not prefixed with Ji then the sentence The (4-1 (noun) can be identified by observing any of the following
' i J x J °x
structure will be called (complete sentence). Foi signs:

xx
1) An ’Ji’ is prefixed at the beginning of the word e.g. f-Lsli.

example; Ij* (This is a book). In this case '4* will become the
0 > 0 °X X O x ° x
| It | preceded with e.g. •

and will become
3) The last letter may have a Tanween e.g.
1)
4 '1 - is that wherein two words are combined
X
4) It can be 4Ji (subject) e.g. ^3^- Xj.

together to form a single word. A conjunction (uJai Jyj
✓
5) It can be JlXh e.g.
originally linked the two words. For example; which was
X 6) It can be 4^1' (dual) e.g. o'&j.
originally J^-l. This is only found in the numbers between H
7) It can be (plural) e.g. JGr >
4 -19. ✓
5) ‘LSy - is that tXS*1' wherein two words are combined Note: In the case of a dual and a plural scale of (verb) it must be
:' 0 x0 > 0 x °X
noted that the action is one whilst the doers are two or more.
to form one word. uWt (conjunction) did not original!)
Hence dual and plural are features of an and not of a J*>.
exist between the two words. For example; LiXi (a name ofa
18 19
SB
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Types of N ouns,
1) It can be e.g. jJO

y. y;>» * (The signs of a particle)
2) It can be suffixed with a round »e.g. A
3) It can be cpCJi e.g. V. The basic signs for a is that which doesn't accept the features
4) It can be (diminutive form) e.g. (a small man). of (J-i and J»*. It is rather used to join two words together. There are
5) It can be lLUi (related noun) e.g. (a Baghdadian). three categories:
1) Joining two nouns together e.g. JaJi ajj (Zaid is in the house).
+ * • * *
2) Joining two verbs together e.g. 0’^’ oi jujl (I intend to recite

Jjui' oiZAp (The Signs of a Verb) the Qur'an).
3) Joining a verb and a noun together e.g. (JaIu .L-aS' (I wrote with a
The Jij can be identified by observing any of the following signs: pen).
Lesson 7: Types of Nouns

1) It can be preceded with Ji, e.g. j* (He has surely written).
2) The word is preceded with the letter or e.g. —0- (He Nouns are of two types:
will soon write), (He will write afterwards).
1) ujji - Definite Noun
3) It can be preceded with a f *->0' e.g.
2) 50 - Indefinite Noun
4) It can be (order)e.g. La' (You write).
5) It can come as JpJ' (prohibition) e.g. \ (Don't write).
6) It can contain 0-x" (hidden pronoun) e.g. (He wrote).
nil neve man.
7) It can be preceded with e.g. (He w
2) 50' (Indefinite Noun) is a word that refers to something in
write).
8) It can contain c4»t3i V at the end e.g. c-aT (She wrote). general without any specification. For instance, (a man), it
X
refers to any man or the word which refers to any good,
thing in general.
21
20
Arabic Grammar for Beginners The types of jJi
The types of aUi (Definite Nouns) book of the person who), (this man's book),
X
X
JUaJi (the student's book).

ois of seven types:
X
1) jJUjaif (Personal Pronouns) - These are pronouns which refer to Exercise

X /
the first, second and third person. Some examples are; Hl (I), □
1) Give five examples of each definite noun.
(you), > (he), > (she).
x ox
2) Identify which of the following is **JLJf and which is Also
X
2) (Proper Norm) - That noun which refers to the name of a

•• * X JX • X
mention which type it is.
■ specific person, place or thing. For instance; alj, fjij. a) b) c) d) S e) 2itL5 f)
r 3) ijlilli (»-»i (Demonstrative Noun) - That noun which is used to

demonstrate or point out to something or someone. For exam
ple; u* (this), (that). Lesson 8: The Particles of and
4) j^LilJl (Relative Pronoun) - That noun which is used to
relate or connect the sentence that follows it. Some examples of The particles of <_4and J^13i are as follows;
X
words used are; LsjjT (masculine; that which), JJi (feminine; that
MU*
1) Tanween is generally attached to the end of a word that is ^^3*
which), JlAJi (those which).
I - (Indefinite). It is usually translated as 'a' or 'an'. For example;
5) (Vocative) - That noun which follows iaJi <-j^Jl. For *J X
X
(a man), (an apple), (water).
example; H (O Man).
• X J ax rm ° '
Note: Sometimes a proper noun also has a Tanween e.g.
6) Jb uJji«Ji That norm which has been prefixed with Ji (definitive
*x
particle). For example; <_jI^Ji (The book).

SR 0 x ° I • X J 2) The letters Ji (Alif-Lam) are called <j4i-*’
7) JijiJi Ji Juaji - That common norm which is related to any of
Arabic. It is generally translated as 'the' in English. For example;
the above mentioned definite norms (except csaQij in such a wa) Jl33i (the book).
that the second noun pijJij possesses the first F01 3) When Ji is prefixed to a word that has a Tanween on it then the
example: (your book), alj LjIS' (Zaid's book), dJl Lli' (the Tanween will drop i.e. rather than two Dhammas it will become
23
Exercise
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Particles of £ and £ Arabic Grammar for Beginners
one Dhamma. For example; will become Exercise
4) When J' appears before an ^—1 that commences with 4^
X
1) After prefbeing J', state which of the following words are
(the letters of Shamsiyya) then the of Ji will not be F f - 4 X z x
' and which are s

pronounced. For example; is pronounced as Ar-Rajulu and
not Al-Rajulu. The opposite will apply to 4Li (the letters

X
of Qamariyya) for example; s-’&J' is pronounced as Al-Kitabu
rather than Ak-Kitabu. The letters of Shams are: j- j j i > io

2) Give five examples of Ji where Hamzatul Wasl is not
? ,i> J 1> Jo pronounced.
The letters of Qamar are; oj *J <3 I 3) Give five examples of and how it should be written.
5) If any word precedes that word which has Ji then the first word
is joined to the of the second word and pronounced by
joining it. The Hamzah in the Ji will be called Hamzatul-Wasl.
The Hamzah will not be pronounced. For example; o>l' (the

Ox°X J ✓ •
door of the house). It is incorrect to read ol' i.e.
pronouncing the Alif in the Jl.

6) If one word ends with a Sukoon and the other begins with a Su-
koon also, then this is called jlxS'CJi A ^*1 (two Sukoons meeting
together). In this case the first Sukoon will change into a Kasra.
For example; j**1 will be pronounced as jJî û\. The
X
Hamzatul Wasl (connecting Hamzah) before the J will not be

pronounced although it is still written.
25
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Masculine and Feminine Gp. hie Grammar for Beginners Masculine and Feminine Gender
-------------------------------------------------------------------- - —----------------------- __________________________________
Lesson 9: Masculine and Feminine Gender, word. Alif Maqsoorah is an Alif which is read without pro
longing on the word and which has no Hamzah after it. For
1) Arabic words are of two types with regards to gender: example; (pregnant woman), (name of a girl).
a) jS'xJi - Masculine i.e. j?, a t z • J
(iii) - An Alif Mamdoodah appears at the end of the

b) eJuM - Feminine i.e.
word. Alif Mamdoodah is an Alif which is pronounced by
prolonging it on that feminine word and has a Hamzah after
jS’IU'- (Masculine gender) is that word which has no signs of ejQ it. For example; $1^ (red complexion woman),
/
(feminine). (beautiful woman), (radiant).
- Feminine gender can be identified in any of the following

two ways:
jjUi dJpi is that feminine noun in which none of the above
/
1) c_jyJi - (Deduced by a set of rules)
mentioned signs are found. However, the word itself implies the
x
feminine gender. This can be identified by any of the following;
2) cJjlJl - (The common usage of the word)
(i) Name of a female, for example; £££
✓ 0 J
1) is further divided into two categories:

X (ii) Words that denote feminine gender, for example;
a)
(iii) Names of cities, countries, towns etc, for example; oiaJJ
(iv) Names of body parts that are in pairs, for example;
Is that feminine noun in which any of the following three signs

Ik; (e-jUi oL.*Ap) are found:
(i) » (Ta) appears, even on a masculine proper noun. F°r

example: Lili- (LG- I is that feminine in which the sign is hidden;
(ii) .jJUl - An Alif Maqsoorah appears at the end of3 This is established by looking at (diminutive form) of a
particular word, since this is how the original letters of a word
26 27
Arabic Grammar for Beginner______
art? established in the Arabia language. For example; re

'‘?v;. ,♦ «z j •' 1 Ml)
is the normal word and «-*>’ *s ’*s z-**1'/ similarly (S1J.
the normal word and <4-^ IS l^s z-^’- in the Arabic language,
b) 3 Jt44i eJuK - is that feminine which is purely based on th end of the word is of two types;
usage of the Arabs in their conversations. There is no specif;
rule applied in this. For example; (fire), Jj' (camel), j4 (p0^ .• 1) Stjiull - is that word which accepts all
(well), y-' (bucket), 5-* (soul), 4z* (scorpion). accordance with the (governing word). For example:
a) Jbj LSi (Zaid went)
b) B 4‘fj (I saw Zaid)
Ki Exercise
c) ju4 (I passed by Zaid)
1) Give five examples of all types of
Note: In all of the above cases the of the letter Dal has
changed.
- is that word which never changes, it remains the same at

all times regardless of what the is. For example:
| g (These people came)

✓
1 I 1
b) ||| 4G (I saw these people)

z
c) i|| (I passed by these people)
Note: The of the Hamzah in has not changed.
29
28
Arabic Grammar tor Beginners
Grammar for Beginner;____ _____________.
Lesson lhTheJlE«a,-^J'
The following words are

« are eight types of :
1) All Huroof (letters) are
h e-g- $ • (Pronouns) - There are in total seventy pronouns w
2) j**' e.g
$5k\ - .’&♦ * * * <■ are divided into five categories.

V | WX* t AMk' >uie.g. uk M
a) ■
4) t: to which the Noon of whether it is . Bi a
i^-14
’or b)
A<Ufi
or the noon of the feminine plural, are suffixed. ldi-14
xd eg. c) lXji
s’or Lz '
a /
-1 (indeclinable nouns) e.g. cJi and
jpJi have two forms; the first is that pronoun which is apparent
and has an exclusive form which is called ;A. The second form is
that pronoun which is hidden within the Ji. This is known as
See the table on the following page.
30
31
V
OX
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Types of

ir Grammar for Beginners
G, (Demonstrative Pronouns) - That noun which is use
1 I demonstrate or point towards something or someone.
1 I J.«Oz , X A Showing Distance

1
• ** * * tW®1 * • * ' •
I
1 4j ^2j
Showing Nearness
0 / __ X xjuU fljlidl
JJJ tfj&tli
Q
Citfl I ( x * /° X X I
1
I X
That (one person)

1 • * lA
I 0 A Ao x x I 0 A This (one person)
r* f-
CD Those (dual)
I 1
Ul‘1
. x Ao x x 1 These (dual) ,s
U Those (dual)
I
I
(x A Ao x x
X
These (dual)
1 *X
J*l J u_,. JI <Jb>- A1J iJb_
2 A
Those (plural)
2X’ These (plural)
This (one person) at-

That (one person)
LsTTl •* X
X
Ao x x o Ao
X
0 /Ox X
These (dual) bbl;
Those (dual) xj^Jl Sjl
r* OJ X
i These (dual) 1
Ao x
*•
x
•
OX X X I Ox
dkJ
I
.5 Those (dual)
X
EQJ C-.-Mfl ’Jl aJI>- I X 'J .S

<-~s.-a J' aJL>-
y-(
E
Ao x
CL)
11TLI These (plural)

■*x Those (plural)
« to'
>X X
xO X
. xox xt
32 33
Types of
hteGrammar for Beginners
||g H (Demonstrative Pronouns) - That noun which is used
to demonstrate or point towards something or someone.
Showing Nearness Showing Distance

ejJU ojQ»dl ojLilli j.LoLj'
,1 This (one person) That (one person)

IJJb
'I These (dual) > <Ju- Those (dual) J*

/
.s .2
<Z)
These (dual) Those (dual)
/
<Jl>-
<JL>-
These (plural) Those (plural)

✓
.1
OwlA
/✓ This (one person) o
dlL- That (one person)
jtfii
✓ These (dual) ji
CD Those (dual) Ji
’•1'
.5 QJ
These (dual)
/
8 •2
CD
A'j 4Jl>-
.2 Those (dual)
2 -Ab Ji
✓ These (plural) <u
Ph
Those (plural)
32
33
Grammar for Beginners Types of
I
TYPes of
He, who, that, which, that which
Some examples are as follows:
Those, who, who that, which (dual)
J*j '•** SJ'j 6

Those who s
JGrj fcSljA &ji dlfj ,i Those who (plural)
She who, who, that, which, that which
Those, who, who that, which (dual)

QJ xiyi <JL>-
,s
.s Those who <-
E
3) iJ jji frULUi (The Relative Pronouns) - Those nouns which have QJ
IX
Those who (plural)
to be connected or related to the sentence following it. ^Liii
X _____ x
requires a aU> in order to become a complete sentence. The is Those who (plural)
usually the explanation of p-Ui and can be that

‘ o 0/
consists of a (pronoun) referring back to p-P'- This is

That, which, what (generally used with non
illustrated through the following example; humans)
He, she, whose, whom (generally used for hu

ilbGj Jy Jal ai
mans)
(Indeed Allah *Jg has heard the statement of the woman who was
& ° J 0 '
disputing with you). In this example, the word is Hl In the meaning of and
▼ < 9
and is the 4^ which is aUXJi. The a*<CJji consists of a In the meaning of omJi when attached to JpUB
X X
? * I
feminine pronoun Q?) which is referring back to ^Jl. j or JjxaII
In the meaning of
The different types of are as follows:
In the meaning of
34
35
abic Grammar for Beginners Types of ^4^'
Similar verb Meaning Example

4) JbdUi tULi- These are two types;
a) Those nouns that indicate (past tense). Such nouns gjv?

To grant respite
their a Dhamma. These are; Give respite to Zaid
To leave ijj a;
Leave Zaid
Come, hasten, bring forth
*9' s . Z tz Come, hasten

To be far from and remote Xj olp
Zaid became further away

Jz > z »Z . Zz
Take
To separate J j
Take the food
Zaid and Umar separated
y . .Z • Z
It is necessary upon you
To hasten dj J Ou**
Hold firm to leniency
Zaid hastened
J ✓
9
O XOz* 5) sUL.1 - Those nouns which are used to express various

b) Those nouns that denote Ûl (command tense). Such nouns
sounds. Some examples are;
/
give their a Fatha. These are; a) - Expression used to reprimand a child
l>) - Expression used to make a camel kneel
c) £ - Expression used to show pleasure or happiness

. /
“) & - Expressing the crowing of a crow
) 0 c1' Expressing a cough
' ■ Expressing pain or sorrow
37
36
ax
Me Grammar for Beginners Types of

Arabic Grammar for Beginners Types of M

4) JUbUi These are two types;
a) Those nouns that indicate (past tense). Such nouns gjVe
To grant respite
their *14 a Dhamma. These are;
Similar verb I Meaning Example

Come, hasten, bring forth
f ~ *1I
x Jz
To be far from and remote ©X X . x «x 1
✓
1 Come, hasten 1
• Al j
Come Zaid 1
Zaid became further away
• >X > x 4 «x '
I Take 1
UM I To separate J dj J jlLx
Take the food 1

Zaid and Umar separated
11
z
* •' X. |X • X I It is necessary upon you 1 z

* i
I To hasten Jjj
Zaid hastened
Hold firm to leniency 1
o zOZ 5) - Those nouns which are used to express various

b) Those norms that denote ^>01 (command tense). Such nouns
sounds. Some examples are;
give their *14 a Fatha. These are;
a) - Expression used to reprimand a child
b) g - Expression used to make a camel kneel
p - Expression used to show pleasure or happiness

✓
- Expressing the crowing of a crow

. J. *
C - Expressing a cough
'■t
01 - Expressing pain or sorrow
36 37
Arabic Grammar for Beginners ijbic Grammar for Beginners *4
6) □jjah - Those nouns that are used to show Lesson 12:
That noun which is used to show time is called dGjM tj’Jajf. pOl
Ulis of two types:
example; (when), (now). ✓ • Ox
i.e. Dhamma (Pesh), Fatha (Zabar) and Kasra

That noun which indicates to a place is called dVO 3’JU. p0I
4^
(Zer).
0 ox
example; (where), (by, at, near). bp/Jl i-e. Waw in the place of Dhamma, Alif in the place
of Dhamma and Fatha, and Ya in the place of Fatha and Kasra.
7) s-ULi - Those nouns that indicate unclear and vague
_ X XX
words. There are two types: the first are and US' (so much, so I J/', of f^!.: (^1 consists of Dhamma, Fatha and Kasra and the
many). These norms usually denote quantity. The second type are | of Jij (verb) has Dhamma, Fatha and Jazm. Generally when an
X X
c-ii j (so and so, such and such, thus) used in daily has a Dhamma it is called Marfoo, when it has a Fatha it is called
conversation. Mansoob and when it has a Kasra it is called Maksoor. When a Ji*
has a Dhamma it is called Marfoo, when it has a Fatha it is called
8) u-s - The numerical nouns, these have been previously Mansoob and when it has a Jazm it is called Majzoom.
discussed in lesson five. O O J 8
9 J~ O ''O''
In relation to the of there are 16 types. Each one

will be discussed below.
- That independent noun which does not end
lb or ftl and is not
Aij (PtI*
X
38 39
ic Grammar for Beginners
lx 1° * 6 *
• > 0 x * J °X‘ GJ
2) - That independent noun which ends with I
a j'j or A preceded with a Sukoon. For example;
I
Z
: In the above examples the noun will get a Dhamma in the

of Raf'a, and Kasra in the state of Nasb and Jarr.
Ox Q
- When an ^3*^' contains any two of the following

line causes or one such cause that is equivalent to two then such a
• x rrn
noun will be said to be <_»These nine causes are known as
3) - That plural wherein the sequence of the X
y)i LO which are as follows;

letters of its singular form is 'broken'. Below are some examples;
•z
i) JjuJl - This is a noun that has changed its original form to adopt
anew one, e.g. was originally

•z JI o
- A noun that is not originally meant for ejiJJi but

J X O
rather it is a describing word, e.g. 5^“' (red), (black).

z z
t) JiUi - A noun that has the characteristics of e-JUJI (feminine) or

z z
Note: In these three examples, the noun will get a Dhamma in the it is jplli cjjJi, e.g. s-^3z
z
state of Raf'a, Fatha in the state of Nasb and Kasra in the state of J • / O X 0
i) GJi - A non-Arabic word, e.g.

Jarr. * / tz z 0z X
t) Jipl (Jill) - Name of a person, place or thing, e.g.

/
4) fKJt d-Tp - That feminine plural wherein the sequence of I £Ji - (Plural) This relates exclusively to a particular scale of
its singular form remains sound and 'unbroken'. For example: plural where the first two letters have a Fatha and the third let
ter is an Alif, e.g.
| - A combination of two nouns to form one word, e.g.
40
41
Arabic Grammar for Beginners K a|)ic Grammar for Beginners
••x
h) 0jil j tiiuf - That norm to which the letters ujf and . • *

> * ' J* Me
suffixed, e.g. OllE-, Ote*.

0 u 1 wi ' * «
i) JkjJi djj - This relates to a noun which is on the scale of

X Ox O
a verb,
e.g. jJJ-i on the scale of Jiil, j-Ji, on the scale of ^4^.1
The î>L of in the state of Raf'a, it wni be given a

Dhamma without a Tanween and in the state of Nasb and Jarrit
will be given a Fatha. No Kasra can appear on a t Word
e.g. cîj,
i/j J __ x
- Those nouns that are used to show dual form, e.g. 0^-j
X ©J ° J ©^
Note: A word will not have a Tanween but with regards

to a Kasra there are some exceptional cases; I» j - which mean 'both', however is for masculine and
I
a) When it is a , e.g.
X
fifis used for feminine.
/
b) When the noun is prefixed with Jl, e.g. l^ls' jîLAi ,2»
Note: Both words are usually Mudhaf to a Dhameer.
O ~u ***
6) o iJi is—Jl - Those six nouns which when to any • 0 0

))O j 0l3i - which mean 'two', however is for masculine and
other noun besides the first person pronoun will accept the
•/
is for feminine.
. • > > tt
in the normal form of o^3LJ'. However, in
X
MEyjgaFz x o
(diminutive form) they are given <-»ly4, They are in total six &e of the aforementioned words
✓ X
nouns which are «->l (father), £-1 (brother), (brother in-law), f h the state of Raf'a it will be an Alif and in the state of Nasb and
J
(mouth), (male private part) and .,3 (possessor, owner). hr it will have a 'Ya' with a Maftooh before it.
0 t'O'
Arabic Grammar for Beginners « Xx ® I ?

ic Grammar for Beginners
yuJl tlJLUi
• • J *Z
AdjJl - That noun which has a small Alif at the end of the
te" ie.g.1^,^.
X e X
/0 . X J ^-x ? J * * *
J
X
4/!lot Ui will be hidden in all three cases.
lit cJbdr
I M
~■l
•'■'tel
frV Ji (JCjxUi - That masculine plural

I 'll
I odi
I i I
1p!
I 1
✓ X
iich is Mudhaf to the personal pronoun. The word 4-4“-* was

I ;
dGSl
X X
■ '• I
finally Jr-44 In reaching the final new form, the following
£ X
10) - That masculine plural wherein the sequence ins were followed;
1
la
of its singular form remains 'sound' and 'unbroken., e.g.
[Because of the the 0 was discarded, thus it became C/_44-~
J > _____ > 3
11) jJy - This will always remain a Mudhaf, e.g. 4^' jWe now have a situation where a j and a ls are together.
*
According to the rules of ^7* the j is converted into a eg which is

12) The numbers from to o (20 to 90). X
subsequently incorporated (fl^l) into the already existent
I The in the above three cases therefore becoming

F In the state of Raf'a it will be a 'Waw' preceded by a Dhamma and 1 Hie Dhamma on the 'Meem' is difficult to pronounce, hence it is
in the state of Nasb and Jarr there will be a 'Ya' preceded by a converted into a Kasra because of the corresponding Harkat of
’a
ill
H Kasra. the letter (at the end). Hence it becomes M
|ln the state of Nasb and Jarr the word will also be ^1141
excluding the need for the above process. However, in both
these cases the is i.e. apparent. This is because the
X
word was originally 1$ because of the O was
discarded becoming J14*~*- Thereafter the first was

I
•ncorporated into the second <5, hence becoming 4c4~*^-
44 45
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Grammar for Beginners
The ruling will be that in the state of Raf' a there will be a hidde Exercise
Dhamma rather than an apparent Dhamma whereas in the state of o J ° o
Nasb and Jarr, the will be apparent. ion five examples of each putting all its correct
Lesson 13:
words which are always Marfoo. They are in total 8 which

follows;
15) s-G ’Ji □UxUi - That norm which is a Mudhaf to the
X
first person pronoun <5. In all the cases, the will be hidden. | 2) JpUi Ltf 3) 4) JkJi 5)
8)
/ /
1)
/I/
O >x OX
o fx > O x x
îs either the doer of the action e.g.
ft which the meaning conveyed by the Jii (verb) is found e.g.

1 X
16) - That norm which has a <5 at the end preceded by a (Zaid knows). The J*li is generally preceded by a Jli or a
bid which resembles a Jli in effect and meaning which is known
I J«i' Look at the following example.
A
0»’ &
. 0
(&S) (>UJI
Note: In the state of Nasb, the Fatha will be (apparent) and not
Ox
OX A.
SJI
(hidden).
X
47
Arabic Grammar for Beginners ijic Grammar for Beginners
Below are some additional rules that apply to J*i and Jf-Ui.
• Z Oz
^mentioned with a J jkj. For example; aJJ
a) If Jûii is either a eay jLG or then the J*i willb Le: Those rules that apply to Ji5 and Jzuii are also applicable to
e a
A
0 x • 0 XXX
J
x • . k
X
Island JtUi LsU For example; Uiis, Ul>ii L»J^J or a£j - »
e->ji (feminine). An example of GU IS: *•
I J Z 0 I Ox x J
LUli. An example of Gp is; 1 11 • " < K 0 zl-

k: 'f, 0 J-b J .
3)
X
p ejji or then the Jki can be jj is a noun that generally appears at the beginning of a sentence
X
cJji. An example of ejji js. Hi liXJi) and has no visible JG (governing agent) and its js
X Z
I Ox -
or it could be written as 5~Aji cA hen. This hidden is known as JkjUl (to begin). Therefore, the
-JkSi GU jt,\he> is; JU- Ji ili or JU Ji cJ>ii. L that the sentence starts with this (L-l, would be a sufficient
Un for it to be Marfoo.
c) If is ^-Gji (hidden) then the J*i can be either a
z J J /
singular feminine or a plural masculine. For example; Lili Jliji 4)>J'

X
_ x x Z
> • z JI 9Z
or l^ls JlU-Jl. » is a noun or a sentence which together with laLJl makes a
x Ox
mplete meaningful sentence, e.g. JJU juj.
d) If is a j;ê> then the J*i will be subject to the noun preceding
it. For example; juj, tU- pialj,

ij/ ojjuj.
x Ox x 5) (•—**’
e) If Jf-UJi is then the Ji* will always be singular. For example; 8similar JQil will appear before aLLUi iiUjf. It will give its
x_ X X
•< X • Oz l" . O > Ox T’x
djj £«*!■,
a and its JkJi a Nasb. For example,
2) Ulf / 7
s o
Jy Gi LjU is a noun which appears with a JA* (a passive verb).

ute
✓
0/
*3
JIS'
It is usually called a JûJi Ljij because it substitutes the The
48
49
o/
The J2 of that | which excludes a complete ||||| (genus). It gives its

X
2.1 a Nasb and 2* a Rafa only when the following two conditions
are met;
a) Both the (2-1 and the 2*- are

b) The (2-1 precedes the J2, e.g. JaJl Ji-j
X
Exercise
K; 7) *>’ > Give five examples of each type of Marfoo by putting their correct
01 and its similar particles appear before 22-Ui There Eire six in • J *
J O'
total, B g (verily), (but), di? (as though), (hopefully), 2) Lesson 14:
(wish). They give its 2-1 a Nasb and ji a Rafa. Some examples
Those words which are always Mansoob. They are:
Eire as follows;
1) 4j
" J22J' is that word upon which the action takes place. Its is
(XVif . • r
>2’ or any word with a similar effect to it. Some examples
are as follows;
51
50
OX
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Grammar for Beginners
a) 5) *3 JJ&ji
© 3° o
b) j JyuLJi is such an that shows its time and place in which the
c) iction takes place. For example; \(I fasted for a month),
Lii-S (I entered the Masjid).
/
xo ° o o
jlkJ' is actually the jXG. of the Ji? mentioned before it. For 6)
* Ox
example; It serves any of the following purposes; JUJl is a circumstantial expression or phrase. Such expressions
> X
a) •ilS'lf (Emphasis) e.g. (Indeed Allah H could be:

x --
spoke to Musa a®). a) In a single word e.g. LS'b •£> (Zaid came riding)
x x O x 0
b) oG (Manner of action) e.g. GJG cJ* (I sat in the b) In a sentence e.g. LfO '£) (Zaid came whilst he was
X
manner of a Qari). riding).

OxxO x
c) iaiii oG (Number of times) e.g. (I hit him with two
X
blows) There are some additional rules relating to the JG-;

x x
a) JG can describe the state of the J*li, e.g.

b) Or the state of the e.g. Lftl Lj (I came whilst Zaid
J Jis that (Gj which explains the reason for the Jl? to occur. For X
was sleeping)
example, Cot* (I hit him to teach him manners), L*'X1 (I I 11 X o > °
c) Or sometimes describes the state of both the Jfti and JJ~u,

stood for him out of respect).
e-g- 14ij (I met Zaid whilst we were both riding)
JJiGJi is that (vi-1 which appears after such a jij that shows
0
companionship and connection. This is referred to as jfj. (U-i which removes the ambiguity that emerges by
For example, Juj (Zaid came with the book), *&• the preceding The (ambiguous) pla preceding it may show
(The cold appeared with the clothing). any of the following;
52
53
Oz
Grammar for Beginners

a) A number e.g. UVif (I have eleven books)

* x <o
b) A distance e.g. Uj* <5(1 have one span of land)

0 *0 [his means to exclude something. The noun that shows the ex-
c) A measurement e.g. JUj (I have one litre of oil) I0 0 /
✓ erupted thing is called and the word from which something

d) Something that has been derived from the e.g. 'Ju’jP- pl* li*
pted from is called iL.
has been exempted
10 o 3 °X
For example;
(This is a ring of iron) I ox
IJij
0
^1 z
e) An unclear phrase e.g. ilL j^\ tfi (I have more wealth than
you) l°z» 1 ox z
0 . O Oz
1JI £
*L
1a
z
A . bVtMMJ 1
8) ^>6 PIT >

This has been previously discussed in Lesson 13 under the section
of p-L- For example tali juj jis". The will have a Fatha. Exercise
Oz
Give three examples of each oCpULJ' and explain their also.
This has also been discussed previously under the section of

j \^> p-fin Lesson 13. For example tali J*-j l>.
J*Ji will have a Fatha on it.
io) 3 pf H
This has also been discussed in Lesson 13 under the section of
lîlz-t j Pl _P*. For example pl* Of, The pp will have a Fatha
on it.
This has been discussed previously under the section of

For example jIjJi J*j Sh It will give the p-1 a
54
55
OX
x O J O
Arabic Grammar for Beginners Ijic Grammar for Beginners

,• r• at
', e.g. <&'j (By Allah)

7
0 A . *
j a*—both have similar meaning e.g. aL. (Since a month)

There are only two jjwhich are as follows; - e.g. '&■ frGr (The students came except Zaid)
/ Jz*x X o'* ' ' •
. - e.g. ObiJVj csG>j (Many are reciters of the Holy

1)
X
Qur'an but the Qur'an curses them)
2) . - e.g. ajj (The students came except Zaid)
X
j ‘y. - e.g. J* (I travelled from Basra)

1) (Preposition letters) X
u ija - same as and *>v^.

These are those letters that give the word coming after it a Kasra.
n j - e.g. JaJl j> juj (Zaid is in the house)
The noun that comes after the letter will be called For
m) y - e.g. (j-jaJi Jc- iit- (I asked him about the lesson)
example;
n) 'jp - e.g. Jip LisJf (The book is on the table)
* V X x* S A ox x
o) - e.g. c-ITi (I ate the fish including its head)
X ■_ A • • x f-
p) Jl" e-8- (I went to the Masjid)
2) 4iU>du
There are in total 17 letters that will give the following word a
Kasra; This is a phrase wherein the words are generally related to one an-
. J
9 J
other by showing possession. The first word is called and
the second For example; aij (Zaid's book), in this
Some examples are as follows; example is and aij is *51, <_3CalJL
a) <-» - e.g. ajj*✓ (I went with Zaid)
Some additional rules relating to iiQsUi,
b) c-> - e.g.X
(By Allah)
X A
a) The ^'3*1 of <->CaDi depends upon the governing word that

c) *J - e.g. aL-Ul? aJj (Zaid is like a lion) ^x Oz
precedes it, however 4^ will always remain a Majroor e.g.

d) J - e.g. aijl cJJ (I stood up for Zaid)
57
56
Kabic Grammar for Beginners
In this example has been given a Kasra because of Lesson 16:

XXX
the letter <-» preceding it.

\ noun is usually governed by the that precedes it and
b) is never prefixed with a Ji and neither will it have a
* ox Ox
sometimes a word that comes after the noun follows the same gov
Tanween on it. However, Jh can accept both e.g.
erning that applies to the noun. When this is the case then the
OtL oikJi
*
• X • x Z
'
• z • z
|l/l which is applied to the preceding noun (which is called /£jij
will also be found on (the follower). For example;
Exercise ••x 0* J
X
•• xe*x
1) Mention three examples of preferably from the
Qur'an and Hadeeth.

j-> j; e Z z o j o Oz — Qudi) Oii
2) Give five examples of jjJOi preferably from the Qur'an
X
and Hadeeth.
In the above example the word is following up the same

governing as that of j3j. Both words have the same JO.
There are five categories of

1) cltli (u^) - Adjective
2) Ifaslf - Emphasis
3) J jJi - Substitute
4) l|| liU
5) pJO
z
59
58
|abic Grammar for Beginners
cJJJ' is that which describes the state of e.g. Jû ✓ 0Z > 0 tf Z rw-rt
I yZJi AfIsJl - This type of emphasis is achieved by the following
• S X o > o °x
Beds;
cJJ' must correspond to in four major aspects;
• / J>> °.z 4 Oz " X
a) cr" ‘ e-g-
I •/ 3 >ox il Ox X . x
<■ o
bj^-e.g.^ Aj
a) b) Gender c) Quantity (singular, dual and plural)
d) Marifah and N akirah
3) (Substitute)
Some examples are; Ji-5/ z
X
Li, o&jp oii, oikjp kj&ji akJCji ifsJi JUi is that which is the actual focus of reference in the sentence.
0 /ox
The merely serves as an introduction to the The is

2) 4X&I called JaK and the is called J
g **
wz* tl^^^t e? which emphasises the meaning conveyed by the Jii

O Ox’ J j 0 0 z
This can be understood in the following example;
and which is confined by the f only. For example; in
o
this example the word is emphasising the meaning conveyed 1*. Ox
by the about Aj. It can also come to confirm the inclusion of all
0 /ox o > — X X
the members of the p 7£Ji, for example; aklj. Jjjf

Ox
iL.
X Ox
JpUJI
X
There are two types of xfUi; There are four types of J’AJl;
1: Jiiu' xS'lxJi - This type of emphasis occurs by the repetition of a)J&dA c) JL^V'Ja d)W»J*A
words. The repetition of words can be either;
I * J x
a) J* - e.g. Aj - it is that which is identical in the purpose to that of

s J| Ox
f \ 0 d Ox Ox . X
b) e.g. Aj Aj JM as in the above mentioned example. In the Holy Qur'an

c) - e.g. )Aj < 01
60 61
Arabic Grammar for Beginners for Beginners
> X a * ■* a
Allah states, )te: In the case of ^43' J4 and JjJ there must be a 44*
0 x Jo oJ
ronoun) in the which refers back to the 4
X
o I X X
✓
✓ 0 J x
) Wi J’X - It is that JaJ' which corrects the mistake of an error

Jo |X 0> ?X
JjJ au JjLJI aused by the slip of the tongue in 4 J 44 In other words, 4 J 44

(Guide us to the straight path; the path of those whom You have • 11 x Ox J O^x
yas not intended. For example laft* '4 4'3 (I saw Zaid, rather
favoured)
b) J4 - It is that JApf which is part of the 4 Jxili. For example

Note: When correcting the mistake it is preferable to prefix the
iL-13 *43 feo*9- It is stated in the Holy Qur'an, A X 0
word Jj before the JjuJi i.e. to say *44 J?.
0^1 JLJ iL. JZuJl

iiQi is that 4 which merely clarifies and specifies its For
0 X X
/ J
(And Hajj to the House of Allah is a duty upon mankind owing example; 4 s-4 In this exampie the word 4^ is 0CJ1 44. It
J
to Allah those who can afford the expenses towards it). is stated in the Holy Qur'an.
O J
c) J1; - It is that type of JxJl which is in some way associated

OX X • 0 > I ' \ at**
with the 4 JxJi. For example 4? ^-3 (Zaid, his clothes has OjjA J j
X X
been stolen). In the Holy Qur'an it is stated;
4J Jl3
x **x _ X
f (oQl Uai)
(We have believed in the Lord of the worlds, the Lord of Moosa
. OX
JLLiUl Jx
>O |X 0/ .
JJL-Jl and Harun)
(They ask you regarding the sacred month, i.e. waging war in
them)
62
63
x * 0
0 X
It is that £<lJi whereby a conjunction letter is used

X o Jo Ox
between the and the to form a connection between them

both. For example;
ft O'” a x
X J Jjj tlr
X J
• Ox Oi x . 0 a Ox
4-JLP
Here the verb (*£•) is directed to both the and the aX
Exercise
Give five examples of each of the different types of preferably
from the Holy Qur'an and Ahadeeth with their
64
H book is a study of Arabic Grammar based on the subject of Nahw (Syntax) in a
simplified English format. If a student studies this book thoroughly, he/she win
develop a very good foundation in this field, Insha-Allah.
Many books have been written

_
on this subject in various languages such as Arabi
_ if
PeWem and Urdu. However, in this day and age there is a growing demand for this
s ubject to'bg available in English.
Alhamdulillah, the author, Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam has undertaken the difficult task
hf facilit itipg a wider readership by preparing the work in the English language. It is
.‘ V-
sincere hope that this treatise is included in the syllabus of all Islamic Institutes
• • ■* Jfi LX i -fc • r ■»
' ^roiiiid the world

y;
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Shaykh-Mufti Saiful Islam bomih 1974 is a traditionally trained scholar. He memorised
the Holy Qur’an at the’age of 13. He studied the Arabic language and various other
I
traditional Islamic sciences at Darul Uloom, Bury, UK, under many auspicious scholars
notably, Shaykh Muhammad Yusuf Motala. There he received authorisations in
various books including die six major books of Ahadeeth. He studied Ifta under one of
^senior Muftis in the UK, Shaykh Mufti Shabbir Ahmad.
96 Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam established Jamiah Khatamun Nabiyeen (JKN).

kI'Y'-JKN accelerated to become recognised worldwide as an institute of
learning. As well as the Founder, Principal and Director of JKN, Shaykh Mufti Saiful
l 1 am took up responsibilities in many other departments locally, nationally and
iternationally.
d'e.|Edir,<” ll“ fam°US fa”"ly Al-Mu'min. He currently holds the

SXXh X? ? Ta~ak'k“lia Masjid in Bradford and Chairperson of
X l T” He * Paton of Al-Mu min Primary Schoo!
and Olive Secondary Schools in Bradford
A
a
Y
JKN PUBLICATIONS
9
■I Arabic Grammar For Beginners
This book is a study of Arabic Grammar based on the subject of Nahw (Syntax) ln a
simplified English format. If a student studies this book thoroughly, he/she win
develop a very good foundation in this field, Insha-Allah.
Many books have been written on this subject in various languages such as Arabic,
Persian and Urdu. However, in this day and age there is a growing demand for this
subject to be available in English.
Alhamdulillah, tile author, Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam has undertaken the difficult task
of facilitating a wider readership by preparing the work in the English language. It is
our sincere hope that this treatise is included in the syllabus of all Islamic Institutes
around the world
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam born in 1974 is a traditionally trained scholar. He memorised
the Holy Qur'an at the age of 13. He studied the Arabic language and various other
traditional Islamic sciences at Darul Uloom, Bury, UK, under many auspicious scholars
notably, Shaykh Muhammad Yusuf Motala. There he received authorisations in
various books including the six major books of Ahadeeth. He studied Ifta under one of
He senior Muftis in the UK, Shaykh Mufti Shabbir Ahmad.
In 1996 Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam established Jamiah Khatamun Nabiyeen (JKN).
Today, JKN has accelerated to become recognised worldwide as an institute of
learning. As well as the Founder, Principal and Director of JKN, Shaykh Mufti Saiful
Islam took up responsibilities in many other departments locally, nationally and
internationally;
He is the Editor of the famous family magazine Al-Mu'min. He currently holds the
posts as the President of Tawak'kulia Jami Masjid in Bradford and Chairperson of
Al-Kawthar Welfare Foundation. He is also the Patron of Al-Mu'min Primary School
and Olive Secondary Schools in Bradford.
UK RRP: £3.00
ISBN 978-0-9565504-7-7
JKN PUBLICATIONS
9 780956 550477

Arabic Grammar For Beginners Nahw Syntax by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

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© Copyright by JKN Publications

First Published in January 2012

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

AU Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored •

t: +44 (0) 1274 308 456 I w: www.jkn.org.uk I e: info@jkn.org.uk

Author: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

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(Utterance)........................................... Lesson 10: L»ywJi and .................................... 29

JallJi (Meaningful Utterance) Lesson 11: Types of ......................................

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Lesson 14: oufjXJl............... 51

JiaJi otete (The Signs of a Verb).........

□yji (The Signs of a Particle)

This compilation is a study of Arabic Grammar on the subject of

Arabic Grammar for Beginners Definition, Subject, Purpose ai&'i J t

"meaningful expression" and if it does not contain any X Ox

b) J*? (Verb) - Ji? is that xlKJi which is independent of other words

J*? or sometimes both in conveying its meaning. It does not

convey any of tlie three tenses. For example; J (in), p (then), J, p ox

three; is a combination of two or more words e.g.

a) fUi C-TJli’i (complete sentence)

(The man went to the Masjid) z Oz

b) ^131 (incomplete sentence)

a) flai is a combination of words from which a complete

H J? meaning is understood without further explanation. For exam­

(The student read in the Madrasah) z o X 0

b) ^uJi uZjJl is a combination of words that delivers an

c) t- uUi cJJ (I saw a star in the sky)

2) Give ten examples of in a sentence. There are two types of

4) Give ten examples of <J£ in a sentence. 2) &Jf

1) JlXyi is that sentence wherein the possibility of truth or o J t'

2) aJQjUi is that sentence wherein the possibility of truth or 1) 4^’

1) is a sentence which begins with a noun (^9- The

first part (subject) of the sentence is called aIH jZ-Jji or and

examples are; dlKjJi (Shaytan deceived), JjI Jii- (Allah

Note: The subject noun, concerning which something is mentioned

Arabic Grammar for Beginners

1) Write down ten examples of ^>1 <Lk)i. Lesson 4:

c) uJUxll (Do not raise your voices).

eUl (Am I not your Lord?).

returned), My AJT (If only I became dust).

used for both possible and impossible things whereas ^^3^' is

generally used for something that is attainable.

Note: This is a complete sentence.

try hard so that you become successful), (Doesn't he

know who created him).

Note: The difference between and is that in the

former (fi^-P1) an answer is required, whereas the latter (^3^')

is a mere request or proposal but no answer is anticipated.

8) f-ab (An oath) for example: (By Allah), ilLL? d

(By Allah! Indeed you are in your old mistake).

#X' G jCJUi Ja (Let man be destroyed, how ungrateful he is).

transaction;^^' lu eJu (I have sold this book to you) and in

return the buyer says; (1 have purchased it).

4) jO U'^Ji - (The numerical phrase)

1) Give three examples of each type of OiX’Ui aILJi.

the second word is called cJJ)'. For example; ji-5 (A pious

man), in this example the word jJC* is the describing word

(Zaid's book). In this example the word is the JlXi Exercise

and the LiCalh.

2) Give five examples of jtelli s-CA-11 and

iJa (This book). In this example the word lx* is

structure will be called (complete sentence). Foi signs:

1) An ’Ji’ is prefixed at the beginning of the word e.g. f-Lsli.

H J? meaning is understood without further explanation. For exam

He, she, whose, whom (generally used for hu