Universidad De Manila

One Mehan Gardens Ermita, Manila

Senior High School Department
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand

This Research Paper is a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in

Quantitative Research in Daily Life 11

The Sleeping Adjustments of Selected Senior High Students

during COVID-19

Submitted to:
Mr. Rico Antonio S. Mariano

Submitted by:
De Leon, Janna Rizzle S.

Leong, Peter Jim

 CHAPTER 1
Introduction

Background of the Study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several families and individuals have been suffering
numerous predicaments. One of the many troubles people have been experiencing is sleeping
difficulties, which affects one’s ability to obtain enough proper sleep. Having enough sleep is an
essential for every person, as it allows the body and mind to recharge that would leave you feeling
energized and ready to take on the day. Without getting proper and healthy sleep, the brain is
unable to function properly. This can lead to inabilities such as, having trouble with concentration,
and difficulties processing memories.

There are many possible reasons for sleeplessness, including your sleeping habits, lifestyle
choices, and medical conditions. Some causes are minor and may improve with self-care, while
others may need you to seek medical attention. Causes of sleeplessness may include aging, an
uncomfortable bedroom, excessiveness stimulation before bedtime, consuming too much caffeine,
noise disturbances, or a feeling of excitement. For many people, stress, worry, work schedules or
depression may also affect their sleep. For others, sleep issues are due to a sleep disorder such as
insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome.

Right now, amid COVID-19, a good night's sleep has never been more important—but
many people are struggling to get their eight hours. The pandemic may exacerbate insomnia in
patients that already suffer from it, or trigger new insomnia in others. Looking at news updates,
reading COVID-19 advice, and staying connected to family and friends—this can make it even
harder to fall asleep because the blue light from screens tells the brain to stop producing the sleep
hormone melatonin.

This study is conducted to widen the information and understanding of sleeping difficulties.
The researchers also wanted to know how having difficulty in sleeping can affect a student’s life.
It is important to obtain knowledge about the said sleeping difficulties, in order to determine what
causes these problems, and as to what possible outcome sleeping issues can cause.
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer the following questions to answer the corresponding research:
1) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :
a. Gender
b. Age
c. District
d. Residence
2) What did the respondents do to cope with sleeping difficulties during the pandemic?
3) What causes the student’s sleep adjustments during COVID-19?
4) What impact does the pandemic have with sleeping difficulties?
Hypothesis
In the light of the problem presented, the researchers come up with this null hypothesis:
HO: There is no significant relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurring
sleeping difficulties. The researchers also come with this alternative hypothesis: HA: There is a
significant relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurring sleeping difficulties.
Significance of the study
This research would be beneficial to:
Students
For they will know the reason behind their sleeping difficulties and how to cope it.
Parents
For it will further explain here the reason behind of their child sleeping difficulties and pattern.
Teachers
For them to know that giving too much work can affect its students sleeping schedule and what
can they do to help the students.
Researchers
For them to have idea on how to help other students struggling to get sleep on time and how to
cope it.
Future researchers
For them to have idea and analysis regarding on how students cope and how they manage to get
sleep on time.
Most of the students are having a hard time getting a sleep due to flood works that need to be
submitted on time. Hence, this study will focus on having to develop and practice a good sleeping
pattern that teaches students to have discipline in their own sleeping schedules. Not letting any
other distractions hinder their sleep can make them be ready to wake up in another day, energized
and ready to go to school.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will have 33 teens and young adult respondents with the age range of 17 to 19
years old, who will give the researchers a thorough and comprehensive information in conducting
a quantitative study as their research design. Furthermore, this study will be contributing a deeper
understanding towards the reason behind the students’ difficulties sleeping during quarantine. The
research instrument used for data-gathering is the survey-questionnaire method.

CHAPTER 2

Theoretical Framework

Review of Related literature

According to Dr. Manber (2020), the pandemic and related shelter in place measures to
mitigate its spread have increase stress levels among many. People may worry not only about the
disease itself, other health issue that might not be optimally addressed, financial issue, as well as
other psychological and interpersonal stressors. In general, worries and anxieties tend to have a
negative impact on sleep. Distraction and other strategies people use to deal with the stress during
the day are not helpful when they go to bed at night. The intrusive thoughts then make it difficult
to fall asleep initially or return to sleep if awakened in the middle of the night.

Just as what Angela Drake and Kimberly Hardin said in 2020 , COVID-19 has given us
plenty of reasons to lose sleep. Because of the pandemic and the stress, more people than ever are
fighting a serious loss of sleep. It’s being called “coronasomnia.” It’s very real and very
widespread. “It’s a problem everywhere, across all age groups”, Even before COVID-19, medical
experts were concerned about increasing rates of insomnia and its impact on physical and
emotional health. Now, with COVID-19 stress, the huge changes in routines and the decreased
activity for many people, sleep experts say the coronavirus has caused a second pandemic of
insomnia. As if all the COVID fatigue and anxiety were not enough, there’s another reason for
coronasomnia: Our normal routines have been ripped apart. On one hand, our lives have gotten
too routine. We can barely go out. We don’t go to movies, restaurants, bars and pubs or many of
the other places that casually connected us to people.

As stated in the article of Eric Suni (2020), With such unprecedented changes coming so
quickly, it’s understandable that the importance of sleep is flying under the radar. But as we adjust
to stay-at-home orders and try to remain healthy in a time of COVID-19, focusing on sleeping well
offers tremendous benefits. Sleep is critical to physical health and effective functioning of the
immune system. It’s also a key promoter of emotional wellness and mental health, helping to beat
back stress, depression, and anxiety. This crisis can trigger feelings of isolation and depression
that may be even worse for people who have a loved one who is sick or has passed away from
COVID-19. Grief and depression can be exacerbated by isolation at home, and both are known to
have the potential to cause significant sleeping problems.

Along with Wang et al. (2021), Population in quarantine had a higher level of depressive,
anxiety, and insomnia symptoms than controls. Specifically, they were at a higher risk prevalence
of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, especially the severity of depression, when compared to
controls. Younger, more education, non-married, and lower income population in quarantine were
at higher risks of mental health problems. Mental health professionals should pay attention to the
mental and psychological symptoms for population in quarantine.

Relative to Yuksel et al. (2021), Healthy sleep is associated with enhanced mood, improved
immune functioning, and better physical health. For these reasons, healthy sleep is likely vital
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early regional studies during the pandemic have indicated that
sleep disturbances and changes in sleep patterns are common. The current findings extend those
of these regional studies to show substantial changes in sleep behavior in a global general
population sample.

According to Claire Gillespie (2020), the relationship between stress and sleep issues is
complex, but studies have shown that stress affects various neurotransmitters that impact the brain.
These chemicals may shift the sleep-wake balance in the brain, which may increase sleep
fragmentation and lead to insomnia (habitual sleeplessness or inability to sleep) and increased
dreaming.” Here's why you might be experiencing any (or all) of those sleep-related conditions
right now—and what you can do to improve your sleep ASAP.

Based on Dr. Drerup (2021), It’s probably not surprising to hear that stress and sleep
don’t mix. “Any type of stress is often the main trigger for insomnia, difficulty falling asleep or
waking up and having an inability to return to sleep”. “That stress impacts every area of our life
so, of course, it’s going to impact sleep,” she adds. And that is even further complicated by the
ongoing COVID-19 outbreak that’s consumed our lives for much of the year.

According to Kendra Cherry (2020), for a period of around 10 days, these individuals
were asked not to leave their homes, not to have visitors, to wear face masks around other family
members, to avoid sharing personal items, and to wash their hands frequently, among other
measures. Later research indicated that quarantined individuals experienced a range of both
immediate and short-term psychological consequences. While individual reactions to self-imposed
or mandated isolation will vary, you may be likely to have feelings of loneliness, sadness, fear,
anxiety, and stress. Such feelings are normal given the circumstances. However, there are steps
you can take to protect your mental health and well-being while coping with a quarantine.

Specified by Markku Partinen (2020), the increased prevalence of sleep disorders

in 2020 has also been highlighted in several other publications from different countries. These
studies examined the effect on sleep of SARS-CoV-2 infection and confounders related to
isolation, quarantine, anxiety, stress, or financial losses. The hypothesis is that fatigue, sleepiness,
and REM sleep behaviour disorder might be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection per se, whereas
insomnia might be related mainly to confinement, anxiety, and other psychosocial factors.

Synthesis

The collected articles that the researchers gathered concludes that Covid-19 had a huge
impact on people’s daily lives specifically during time of sleeping. The numbers of people having
anxieties being one of the causes to make resting and sleeping hard. Aside from anxiety, the urge
of checking their phones or gadgets to furthermore be updated to current events happening during
the time of Covid-19.

According to Dr. Drerup (2021),It’s probably not surprising to hear that stress and sleep
don’t mix. “Any type of stress is often the main trigger for insomnia, difficulty falling asleep or
waking up and having an inability to return to sleep”. “That stress impacts every area of our life
so, of course, it’s going to impact sleep,” she adds. In harmony to Markku Partinen (2020), the
increased prevalence of sleep disorders in 2020 has also been highlighted in several other
publications from different countries. These studies examined the effect on sleep of SARS-CoV-
2 infection and confounders related to isolation, quarantine, anxiety, stress, or financial losses.

Bye Claire Gillespie (2020), the relationship between stress and sleep issues is complex,
but studies have shown that stress affects various neurotransmitters that impact the brain. But
Yuksel et al. (2021) said, Healthy sleep is associated with enhanced mood, improved immune
functioning, and better physical health. For these reasons, healthy sleep is likely vital during the
COVID-19 pandemic.

In addition to the causes of sleeping difficulties, the environmental aspect affects the sleeping
difficulty of sleeping during Covid-19. The researchers also discovered that once a neighborhood
is infected with Covid-19 it tends to create fear and panic within that area.
 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Covid-19 effects that causes sleeping difficulty

The diagrams representation shows the Conceptual Framework of the study. According to
the framework the outcome of the effects of COVID-19 to sleeping difficulties is determined by
using a systematic approach (input – process – output). As indicated in Figure 1, the input consists
of a variety of materials and prior information obtained from credible sources, which will be used
to reach a conclusion for this study. The procedure simplifies the methods and procedures that will
be used in data collection, while the output is the proposal of the respondents about the sleeping
adjustments of students during COVID-19 to acknowledge treatments to help students suffering
from sleeping difficulties and to future researchers to further extent the study.

The first table contains the evident information that will be recorded to help furthermore
understand the situation. This usually has the common question to give the general idea of current
problem. It includes who and what age is the target people.

The second table, the respondents will further examine the impact of COVID_19 in
sleeping difficulties by gathering data from survey questionnaires, data analysis, and applying
treatment using Pearson Correlation, Mean and standard Deviation. The information gathered from
these sources will further help the researchers to finalize the study.

In the last table, the researchers proposed a program to further educate individuals about
the sleeping adjustments of students during COVID-19 to raise awareness regarding this study.
This will help decrease the rate of students experiencing difficulty in sleeping during the pandemic.
It will also be beneficial for future researchers in further extending the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Name • Survey Questionnaire • Evaluation of selected

• Age • Data analysis
students to the effects of
• Sex sleeping difficulties
• Treatment using
• Pertinent studies amidst COVID-19
• Sleep schedule Pearson Correlation, • Correlation of Online
• Effects of COVID-19 Mean and Standard class to proper sleep
to students • The sleeping adjustments
Deviation
• Effects of online of students during
learning to mental COVID-19
health
Definition of Terms

The following terms are used operationally:

Anxiety Worries abound in the COVID-19 pandemic. Naturally, many people fear
catching the coronavirus because they don’t want to get sick or infect other
people inadvertently. Most people have close friends or family who are
older or in high-risk groups because of preexisting conditions, spurring
worries about their health and safety.

Cope People manage their worries and concerns during the pandemic. And people
practicing activities that would divert their attention away from concerns
and problems from COVID-19 and stress.

Coronasomnia A new term that refers to sleep problems related to the pandemic. With
increased stress and anxiety, there is a definite impact on our sleep and
mental health.

COVID-19 A term used to describe the newly discovered type of virus, which is the
novel corona virus affecting several countries.

Depression Depression can be more than just feelings of sadness. Other symptoms may
include a loss of interest or pleasure in activities, feelings of hopelessness
or worthlessness, and a low appetite or overeating. Rates of depression
tripled throughout the pandemic, while a decrease in sleep and an increase
in alcohol and tobacco consumption led to spikes in the rates of depression
which can also contribute to sleeping difficulties.

Insomnia It is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling and/or staying asleep.

Lockdown The confinement of multiple families to their homes as a temporary security

measure for COVID-19, and the closure of several companies, shops, and
restaurants to impede people from breaking COVID-19 safety protocols.
While multiple restaurants and stores are only allowed to provide service
online.
Pandemic The spread of an infectious disease, the COVID-19, affecting multiple
continents around the world, causing several issues and predicaments
affecting people around the globe.

Quarantine Helps prevent spread of disease that can occur before a person knows they
are sick or if they are infected with the virus without feeling symptoms. it
is also used to keep someone who might have been exposed to COVID-19
away from others.

Sleeping disturbances The intrusive thoughts making it difficult to fall asleep initially or return
to sleep if awakened in the middle of the night.

Sleeping patterns The COVID-19 lockdown is associated with changes in sleep schedule and
in the quantity and quality of night-time sleep.

Sleeping problem Occurring inconvenience preventing proper sleep affected by the ongoing
pandemic, because of the increase of several mental health issues such as,
anxiety, depression, and stress that might lead to sleeping disorders.

Stress Many families are under serious stress as a result of the coronavirus.
CancelSled trips, isolation from friends, and an abundance of time spent at
home can place a strain on anyone. Keeping up with work-from-home
obligations or managing a house full of children who are accustomed to
being at school can pose real problems, generating stress and discord that
have been shown to be barriers to sleep.

Work from home Absence of face to face execution of work to minimize the spread of the
virus. It is the practice of workers and students to perform their duties at
home because of the ongoing pandemic.